The Eugene weekly guard., July 21, 1900, Image 3

©THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA.
WILL HONOR HEROIC DEAD.
Confederates Win Erect a Memorial
at Richmond, Va.
wM sitting la my coxy parlor, one Henry make a >ry face, but 1 took no
notice.
"I bad kept the sitting room bright
with flower*, my piano open and book*
scattered about, for Henry often read
ftXs in the ' iUtt*e albo- If 1 had uu! aloud; but the cold was luteuse, and I
accustomed to her appearance I bad generally *i«ent my winter* South,
KTuld have supposed some dreadful so 1 felt too miserable to care for auy
She
was the matter, t
--- bad
---- - uu
~- an of these things. Ofteu 1 did uot v hung,*
tj calico wrapper which never was my dress, and after supper would wrap
Eretty. but by frequent washing bad myself lu u shawl and go to sleep uu
Ceoaie faded and streaked; half the the sofa; then Henry would go out at
Kitons were goue. the sleeves and first I did not notice how often but
I*'* st in rags and the skirt torn. Iler when 1 did 1 upbraided him for leaving
C r was "done up” lu a hairpin screw; me alone, aud took to asklug every time
wvr* no collar, and over her bead he came or went where he had beeu or
|*“e had pinned a faded plaid shawl w here he w as golug. As he w as out BO
Cbich 1 bad seen more than once doing ofteu 1 did uot light the big lamp, M>
Iduty as an apron while she washed there was uo brightness.
"1 had never cared in the first days
Idisbt*.
she Doddeil to me without a smile, of my married life to ask any frleud*
Liid. sinking down on a chair, looked to call in the evening, but iu my loue-
Llsiiially round my pretty room. 1 was lines* uud annoyance I luvited several
When my husband
I used to her ways, so only said "Good- young people.
found that out be also stayed iu ami
I evening.
After a few moments she began lu a seemed to eujoy the company. Theu
the demon of Jealousy eutered my soul.
fretful voice to speak.
•Ob, Mrs. Sunny, bow comfortable Every time Henry spoke to a girl, sang
rou do look! You never have any trou- with her, or played a game. 1 sulked for
hours, or. perhaps, days. No man will
1 bles, do you?”
A shiver ran through me as 1 thought endure that, aud every good girl re-
what my troubles had been, but 1 seuts such a suspicion from bis wife;
knew the little woman had come to so soon 1 was again left to my long,
speak of herself, so 1 Just said, quietly: lonely evenings.
"My busbuud was never unkind, but
••Doesn't every one? Don't you?”
••17 uh, 1 am full of »rouble' But he seemed quite indifferent to me. Just
where Is your husband this evening? theu the bric-a-brac erase began, and
for want of better amusement 1 col­
lie is always at home.”
"Oh, no, not always,” I answered. lected a lot of useless stuff, made crazy
patchwork cushions aud chair backs,
"This evening he has gone to a political
had little glided tallies scattered rouud,
meeting, and there are other evenings
and all the other fads of the day. When
wheti he goes to two different lodges he
Henry tried to move about he was al­
belongs to.”
ways knocking dowu something, aud
••But surely, Mrs. Sunny, you don't
1 flew to the rescue with a cross or
like him to go to lodges? Why, 1 think
peevish word to him. He never an­
what
they are horrid! Nobody knows
swered, but he kept more and more
they do.”
away from home.
1 laughed, she looked so tragic.
"1 w as out of health and out of spir­
"Well,” 1 saiij, "I don't want to its; but he seemed uot to notice, ami I
know, for 1 suppose I should not under­ thought he did uot care to know. No
stand. I urged him to go to this politi­ one can tell what my dismay was when
cal meeting because be wanted to.”
one day he came home aud began hast­
"Urged him to go! Well, 1 call that ily packing a trunk, telling me that
queer! Why, 1 coaxed John”—John Is his business would take him away for
her husband—"to stay with me, and we two months, anil 1 had better get some
bad a quarrel. 1 think a man ought to friend to stay with me during bis ab­
find pleasure in his home sometimes, sence.
but John goes out every evening; he
"I did so, and a very kind and Judi­
goes to his mother's often.”
cious friend she proved to be. She
"You never accompany him?” 1 soon found out the state of affairs, aud
asked.
also that 1 loved my husband passion­
"Oh, dear. no. I'm too tired. Why, 1 ately, while be seemed to be Klipping
haven't been to see Mother Hapless for away and forgetting me. He wrote
a whole month. She's dreadfully smart once a week, a cold, short, duty letter,
and has everything just so; It's Just aud I did uot write at all; I could uot
spoiled John. He seems to think every I felt as if my heart were breaking.
one ought to be like his mother; he
"After eight weeks had dragged their
doesn’t say much, but he Just looks weary length along Henry wrote that
around so. ami then goes clearing off a he would be at home on such a day.
chair to sit down. He hardly says any­ The day came, and 1 w as in a nervous
thing but to ask if supper is ready, and fever of anticipation when, without
then, soon as it is over, be puts on his any warning, a neighltor rushed Into
hat and I never see him till bedtime, the house to tell us there had beeu a
aud not then often, for I go to bed fearful railroad accident, aud many
’cause l’tn lonesome.”
were killed. It was the train on which
1 could not but pity the forlsrn little we expected Henry!
wife, left alone ail the day aud even
in my weuk, over-wrought state the
lag; but I knew that she made no home shock was too great, and before many
for her busband, while at his mother's hours had passed 1 was lying almost
he found everything bright, the house at my last breath, and the little baby
orderly, and the still pretty mother from whose advent I had hoped so
prettily dressed and only too glad to much was dead, l'or two days 1 knew
have her boy with her. I had often nothing, then 1 opened my eyes to see
pitied hfs wife, even while 1 blamed my busbuud by my side, love aud anxi­
her. However, now that she herself ety in the dear face and eyes. 1 was
had broached the subject, 1 felt that 1 too weak to thiuk, to remember the
tulght offer some advice and assistance, accident, to know or to feel anything
so I said:
but the Joy of ills presence, and I fell
"Would you like me to help you to asleep with my hand held in his.
keep your husband at home?”
"I was young, aud the happiness of
She opened her big brown eyes as she seeing how much Henry loved me was
answered;
my best tonic. We began new life with
"Of course, I would. I often wonder my good friend for an adviser. She
why Mr. Sunny seems to really eujoy spoke kindly and openly to each of us,
his home so much.”
and the result was that we tried to put
1 proposed going over to her house, ourselves in each other's place. I once
and with a blush she consented, saying more made home attractive, aud know­
wearily:
ing that after a day of hard work a
man needs relaxatiou aud amusement,
"It doesn’t look like yours.”
No, it did not, I acknowledged to my­ I tried to make him find it In ills own
self as we entered the sitting room, house. Tlie friends who had been driv­
passing through the dining room on our en away by my Jealousy were kind
way. where the supper dishes were enough to forgive and forget. At this
spread on the table. Just as she had day I doubt if there Is a happier home
dumped—I can think of no more fitting ' anywhere than ours. Henry goes to
term them after they were washed. I his lodges, secure that I trust him. and
There was no table in the middle of i therefore he lias no temptation to re-
the sitting room, but on a small one In I main over hours for fear of an unpleas­
a corner an oil lamp burned with a ant scene on hi* return."
Mrs. Hapless listened Intently to me.
one-sided flam«1, which partly smoked
the chimney. Every chair In the room i and when I had finished she sat down
ha<l something on It, for Mrs. Hapless l on the floor at my feet, rested her tired
said she had been looking over her I head on my lap, and cried. I patted
“dresses and things." There was a lit­ the unt.dy hair and let her have her
ter of scraps, spools, pincushions and cry out. She made no promises, but
other paraphernalia for sewing on the as I was coming aw ay she squeezed my
table, two fashion magazines, and a hand and thanked me.
Since then I have often run over tnere
paper pattern unfolded; the fire was
low and the room chilly. I suppose In the afternoon and liel|>ed her "tidy
the contrast to my own made It ap(>ear up.” This evening I have Just com»
more uninviting to me. ami I could not from her bouse, and this Is what I saw;
but wonder where John could have A large lamp with a pink shade burn­
ing on the center table. Books, maga­
sat
I cleared part of an old dress off a zines, the evening paper ready to be
chair and sat down by the almost cold taken up. On the small side table were
stove; then I asked the poor little shift­ cards and game*. Near the low rocker
less woman if I might tell her a story. placed for Mrs. Hapless stood a neat
She looked as if she thought me crazy, sewing basket stand. On the opposite
side of the table a comfortable arm
and said, hesitatingly:
chair wa* drawn up for "John." while
"Yes.”
“It Is the story of my own life,” I be­ bis sllpjiers were warming uear the
gan. "1 was the daughter of a man well iieatisl stove. Two or throe pots
who never could stay In one place, so containing flowerlug plants stood on
we were always moving; if it was not the side window sill. In the dining
from one town to another it was from room wa* set a pretty, orderly table,
one bouse to another; therefore I grew with nice china and bright silver, lamps
up w ith no sense of real homelike feel­ with ground glass shade* throwing a
ing. 1 married very young, and was »nlxlued light over all. From the
charmed to find that my husband not kitchen came an apls-tizing odor. The
only took me to a snug home, but also ball was brilliantly lighted, and the
that he ow ned the house and expet ted little wife, as she acconqmnled me to
the door, looked sweet and womanly
to live In It, as he said, always.
"At first we «rare very happy, tfe* In her neat dress. The rippling hair and
novelty of having a home of my own «oft curl* on tier forehead seemed » >
gave to housekeeping a charm. I had a catch a darning light; her eyes were
neat tea table, flowers, plenty of light bright and happy a* she shyly kissed
music ami everything as in our court | me and wbi*p**re<l In my ♦■®r:
-John has been at home every even
Ing days, and Henry seemed as pleased
to be with me as he had been before Ing this week.”- Hearthstone.
we were married.
Try to
"As long as summer lasted all was
A novel remedy for insomnia is to try
easy enough. We bad agreetl that we d
keep no servant; a woman cam* every to picture yourself another per»*"
day and did the rough work ami I did asleep. The more < learly the sleep;. .*
not mind the rest. But when winter sufferer ■ an do tld* th" str.-ng.-r I*-
the subje. & f.sl t,g of dr. wsl-
came I gradually left off u»mg my best
things on ^e table; it wa-
ness.
_______ ________
trouble, and a* my hands chapped easi­
XV e have heard of several, but nevef
ly I left the dishes for the woman to
wash, and that meant to break; no I knew a tuau "bo wuld enjoy a Juke M
bought c»*n«u«'/B white war*
I saw taunssH
■
■fl eveuin« last mouth, when the door
1U ooeued and young Mrs Hapless
tn* in.
call her "7°““« Mrs- Ua?
*because her busband’s mother
f'i
f , .
I
The recent convention of Confederate
veteran* held at Louisville voted to ac­
cept with thank, the offer ot $100.000
made by Charles Broadway Bouse of
New York, formerly a soldier of tbs
Confederacy from Virginia, for the pur­
pose of erecting a memorial to tbe Con- [
federate dead at Richmond. Va. Tbe
Memorial Committee reported that it
bad secured pledges of *124.437.35 In
addition, and that tbe prospect of tals-
iug an amount sufficient to make the
total, including Mr. Rouse's donation.
$3w.0U0 was excellent. Upon these rep­
resentations Mr. Rouse ba* authorized
tbe Confederate Veterans' Association
to draw upon him for the amount
pledged by him at any time It may l>e
thought advisable to begin the wiik.
The Confederate Memorial Association,
which has tbe enterprise In baud, hrs
elected Judge George L. Christian of
Ricbmoud. Va., as Its treasurer, and
tbe memorial is to be built In Rich- !
mond, tbe heart-city of the Confed­
eracy aud the place where, for four
years, tbe policies aud plans were
evolved lu consequence of which the
South was enabled to make so rnemor-
able a struggle against inevitable de­
feat.
Tbe definite arrangements for the
construction of the memorial do uot yet
appear to have beeu completed by the
association, but General J. C. Under­
wood. tbe Secretary and superinten­
dent of the work of raising funds, has
prepared plans (with the approval of
some members of the executive com-
moros» I>
CONEKIIKKATK
MKMOHIAt..
uilttee), and these plans were presented
at Louisville.
General Underwood says of his plans:
"1 have designed a memorial rotuuda
with a mausoleum dome and rooms for
each State, wherein relics, records and
various other archives may be safely
kept for all time to come, and I have
further designed suitable hanging
space for a portrait gallery of renowned
Southern leaders, and I personally pur­
pose to bestow upon the people of the
South twenty or more magnificent por­
traits, full size, In oil, of distinguished
Confederate officers, both civil and mili­
tary, as soon as a suitable place shall
have beeu made to receive them. And,
besides, 1 also present to you for in­
spection statue models of I'resldeut
Jefferson Davis and General Robert IL
Lee. tbe civil ami military heads of the
historic Confederacy, for the manufac­
ture of which In bronze I, Individually,
propose to raise the requisite money,
and, as in the case of the portraits, to
donate the same to the association, to
lie placed on either side of tbe grand
flight of steps to the portico of tbe said
proposed memorial building, provided
such meets with your approval.
"The maximum estimated round cost
of the design I propose Is $;>OO.OtM), not
Including statuary and fiortralts, and
calculating upon the building site being
donated
With the amount raised,
those due. others promised and antici­
pations reasonably based upon tbe
tiaeklng I have demonstrated, I am con­
fident of being able to secure at least
$500,000, and If my designs are ap­
proved and authority given me to pro­
ceed in accordance therewith I'll obli­
gate myself to construct the memorial
building as designed, with such mod­
ifications as may be found necessary to
suit the building site to be selected
and other essential requirements of the
case In every particular.
“My general plan includes the plac­
ing by each State of two statues, either
in bronze or marble, as may hereafter
be determined, to suit inside finish of
auditorium rotunda, and that the sev­
eral States shall select their heroes to
be Immortalized, each State liearlng
the expense of such statuary (from $10,-
000 to $12,000) representing Its own
heroes, but the portico statue* nnd two
equestrian statue* of Generals J. E. It.
Stuart and N. B. Forrest I propose to
secure by money to be raised from out­
side friendly sources and nlrendy have
assurances of material assistance for
that purpose.”
Berlla's Sewage System.
The sewage system of Berlin annual­
ly transports from 00,000,000 to 70,000,-
J00 tons of sewage for distribution over
tn area of 20,000 acre* lying from sev­
en to fifteen miles beyond the city lim­
its. Although tbe cost of tbe drainage
is altout $25,000.000 a year, the enor­
mously Increased fertility of the land
makes It a paying operation. Beside*
that. It la the most sanitary and scien­
tific mode of disposing of the city's
sewage.
Foreigner* In Japan.
i
:
!
i
To eat with chopsticks, and sit on
mat*, and wear big sleeved coat* do not
bring a man any nearer to genuinely
Intimate Intercourse with the Japanese
people. The language is also needed.
Yet even when tbe language Is added
something still remain* to be achieved.
No foreigner ba* ever succeeded in l>e-
Ing admitted to the Inner circle of Jap­
anese Intercourse.—Japan MalL
How *-lw Got It.
'
I
|
!
,
!
A little girl who bail been told not to
ssk for anything to eat at a neighbor'*
camo home with a face very suggest-
Ive of lunching When asked by her
mother why she bad asked fur sumo-
thing, she said:
"But. mamma. I didn't ask Mir* G.
I Just looked at her and said: ‘Can't
you see hew hungry I am?'"—New
York Truth.
There is nothing as stale a* an old
story, yet half of them are com
menced: "You have probably beard It,
but,” etc.
Th" n« gbbors • an neve*, uud«-r*taif
eliy manager* of amateur eutertal»-
aienu coax tbe girl who live* In their
part of town, to sing at tbem^
Some men celebrate every day, about
Tnt u 5 rsiasrt nisxissieet
<—> S LONG ago as is "J the Amerl-
c. ; i' >
id -
-
w t;i
’ ihe Chlucse; and iu Japan aud
Corea the United States ha* also lauded
parties to demand satisfaction tor in­
juries to Auierleun citizen*. The chief
role of tlie l ulled State* In Asia has
been as tbe sponsor for China. Japan
and Corea as uatlou*.
The I tilted
States was tbe first uatlou to make a
treaty with China by which that couu-
try recognized the principles o. interna­
tional law, aud it was followed prompt­
ly by other nations. An American uav
al officer secured the first commercial
treaty with Japan, forced the Shogun to
admit foreigners to trade, and lucldent ,
ally brought about the overthrow of a
usurper aud the establishment of the
present liberal government in control.
Corea s first treaty was with the United
States, as was that of tlie king of tlie
Loo Choo Isles. The United States in
1804 made tlie first treaty with Japan
that treated the Mikados empire as a
civilized uatlou. Within tlie last year
this country secured the adoption of au
agreement for the open door lu < bina
by the powers. Some of the most in­
fluential generals, admirals and diplo­
mats in tlie service of the Asiatic pow­
ers have liven Americans. It Is on ac­
count of these facts that when the pres­
ent trouble arose the suggestion was
made in many foreign countries that
the United States should settle the cri­
sis in China and also because of the
know n disinterestedness of the I nited
State*, which ha* allow«*! other powers
; to reap the territorial advantages that
' have followed It* action. So, too, the
Chinese minister was not without rea
soil for hi* suggestion that the Monroe
doctrine be applied to China.
First Lesson.
,
i
'
act later excluded tbe Chinese, and tn
this again tbe United States was first
and was followed by Australia, the
only other nation where the coolie com
petition was felt.
When tbe war with Japan ended dis-
astrously for Chiun LI Hung Chang
turned immediately to America to se­
cure a disinterested adviser to al«l In !
the peace negotiation* ami watch the
interests of the Imperial government. !
The man upon whom tils choice fell 1
w as John W. Foster, who bail succeed
cd James G. Blaine ns Secretary of
State. Mr. Foster went to Shinion i
oskl and conducted bls negotiation* to
the satisfaction of the Chinese govern
ment. In the case of Japan the United
States was actually tbe godfather of
tbe new uatlon.
Japan had beeu a closed nation from
1G3S, when the Portuguese had been
expelled, until 1S54, when Commodore
M. C. l’erry, a brother of the victor on
ljtk«« Erie, opened the country to for­
eign trade. The Japanese government
di«l not permit any foreign vessel to
touch at a Japanese port under any pre-
t« n»e. lu l»»»'.» the I niti il Slat« * bad
Its first trouble w ith tbe Japanese gov­
ernment. Commodore Gisluger, learn­
ing that some Amerlcsn sailors were
Imprisoned at Nagasaki, sent Commo­
dore Glynn to demand their liberation.
He succeeded iu doing so. and tbe re
l»ort he then made of th«» resources of
the island was partly responsible for
the determination of Daniel Webster,
then Secretary of State, to open tbe
islands to American trade.
The acquisition of a Pacific const line
by the United States suggested to
Millard Fillmore and Daniel Webater
that the United States slioulil be the
chief trading power in the East, ami
that the commerce of Japan would be
profitable.
Com m< «lore l’erry was,
therefore, given a letter to the Mikado,
slgmsl !>y tbe President and written by
Daniel Webster, soliciting a treaty of
friendship ami commerce between the
two nations by which th* Mikado *
ports should be thrown open to Ameri­
can vessel* for purpose of trale.
Commodore Perry sailed lu Novem­
ber. 1852, with a fleet, and be carried
with film many useful Implements ami
Invention* as presents to th«» Japanese
government, Indmllng a small railway
and equipment*, am! a telegraph line—
tilings which were unknown to the Jap­
anese. Commodore Perry's Instructions,
which he received from Webster before
the Secretary'* death, were to approach
the Emperor of Japnn In the ..... st
friendly manner, and to use no violence
unless attacked, but If attacked to let
the Japanese feel tbe full weight of bls
power.
The first experience of the Chinese
with Americans grew out of a some­
what similar state of affairs to that
iu tlie Mediterranean, where the United
States suppressed the Barbary pirates,
who had beeu levying tribute on th*
ships of tlie great nations Without hin­
drance. Chinese waters were also lu-
tested with p.rate*. ag:un»t WbOUI the
Europeans bad made uo determined re­
sistance. The United States slop Atliu-
alpa, under tlie command of Capt. Ba­
con, happened along in 1801). 'lbe ship
entered the river at Ma«-ao and sent a
boat crew lu command of tbe chief of­
ficer ashore to get a pilot. The pirate
Junks stole «¡uietly up ami suddenly
rounded the boat. Intruding to leap
ou board and kill tbe crew. When the
Americans realized wliat bail happened
they turned their loaded cannon ou tbe
Chinese aud fought off the boarders
with their Brown Bess musket* and
boarding pike*. The Chinese gave hard
battle, throwing band grenades ou
board. The pirates were beaten off,
and the defeat of the leader was such a
blow to bls prestige that he was after­
wards betrayed by some of his men.
Tlie mandarins put him to d«‘atli by
tbe means known as the “thousand
cuts,” a slow and prolonged process of
backing Into little bits. Capt. Bacon
lesson, however, taught the Chinese pi
rat« * to respect the American flag, ami
American trade grew aud pro*i»ered.
Perry’« Diplomacy*
Tbe opium war, wnich was declared
Perry carried out hl« Instruction« by
against Chin* by Great Britain in 184«), nailing to Yeddo and delivering his let
wa* responsible for tbe opening of that ter to the authorities with the re«|uest
nation to th* world's commerce by that It be presented to the Emperor.
means of the treaty port* which were The Japanese, In accordance with their
afterwards established. That war grew custom, refused to permit him to land,
out of the attempt of China to suppress ami Perry waited for bls answer for
the smuggling of opium carrii*l on by several months, during which he sur­
the British to the depletion of the Im­ veyed the Ix»o Choo Islands. While
perial revenue*. To suppress the trade In these Island* he made the first treaty
the Chinese hail recourse to fore*.
negotiated !>y them with a Caucasian
But after the short, sharp struggle In power. After waiting several months
1857, which resulted In tbe capture of ComiiKHlore Perry returned to the Bay
Canton by the allied British at. ' of Yeddo, and finally by a triumph of
French, the Unite«! States was one of diplomacy, aided by the night of bl*
the powers that Joined with England. seven ship*, effected a landing and ole
France and Russia In securing treaties talne«l a treaty permitting the Ameri­
can* to trade. This treaty permitted
for freedom of trade.
The first foreigner employed by tbe citizen* of the United Hint«-* to trade
Chinese for the reorganization of their with Japan through the port* of Klnio-
army wa* au American, Frealerlck da and Hakodade ami th* United
Towtmml Ward, a soldier of fortune, State* wa* authorized to apitolnt Con
born in Massachusetts. He adopted the snl* to represent it* Interest at the«*
Chim *•• nationality under the uame of l«olnt*. It wa* stipulated that steam-
Ilea, married the «laughter of a er* from California to China abouM be
wealthy mandarin, au<! wa* made a furnish«*«! with supplies of coal, ami
that American sailor* shipwrecked
mandarin of the highest grade am! A«l
upon the Japanese coast should b<
i, , ,
' al .n the -ervj' e of tbe En
treated humanely am! not kllle«! or Im
peror. G«-n. War«l turned hl* attention
1 prisoned, a* had be«'n the Japanese cu*
to tli<* r. oi ganizatlun of th* empire's tom In their attempt to secure isolation
n.iny. but f«»und It a difficult task. He I hus Japan, after 21« year* of »« lu
d.«-«l as th«1 result of a wound received ■Ion, entered into the family of nation*
In «lire« t tig an assault on Tsekle. Tbe The other power« were quick to follow
Chine»«' paid him the biglmst possible ' the United Blate«' example and se
honors after bis d«-atb by burying him I cured similar treaties, ami three other
In tbe Confucian cemHery at Nlngpo. ports were soon added to which West
Ward's *u<■ ■••»»or in command of tbe ern people might trade.
Chinese for«** was Major Charlea G.
Perry's visit wss the cause of the
Gordo* — "Chinea*”
Gor<lon — who overthrow of tbe dynasty then In power
broil. ' to a h;gh degree of dlKlplln* in Japan. From the twelfth century
and • ffi • ncy the army whose foumla the authority of tbe .Mikados ha«l tw*-n
t. o ia I..1«! I"’« n laid by Ward.
nominal. They bail been relegated
TI..- ». • :ity mad«- In IHelM provide«! for among tbe go«l» am! their power wa*
the nppi at n of the rules of Interna exercised through a Nliogun, who wa*
tlonal law to tbe conduct of war be tbe real sovereign. When tbe Nhogtin
t-
■
nati • .'ave Chin* the
■ yielded to tbe American demand* It
tr *, p nt < onsula to the United Niales, created a profouml sensation In Japan
pro« 4 <« :•« 'he rwognltlon of free- The nobles were Indignant at()he de
dou. .f rei •• n lu ‘ Ulna, arid permltte«l parture from the traditional policy of
i
© :' «• e Cbr:»®«nlty. per tb* empire They gained the upper
u. itt-d the Chinese to attend acbool* band, and In 1*>3 ordered tbe Hbogun
in America and to have free right of to abrogate treaties of commerce. At
travel Itere, ami for all the mutual priv- ta< ks ou the foreigners followed, am)
« wlileh are allowed to tbe m<ait foreign vessel attempting to enter
fa >i*«l uaGvU- lbe Chinese axviuM««* , treat/ p->rt* war* tired upon. Uu* uf
these vessels was the Pembroke. *
small American steamer loaded with
merchandise.
Japs Learn a I«eMon.
The Insult wn* reported to Command
er MacDougal, who was with the Wy
onilng at Shanghai. The Wyoming at
tacked and destroyed th«« Japanese
fleet. McDougal sailed away in the
Wyoming, which was hit twenty time*.
Five of his men were kllh«d ami six
wounded.
The American minister
made a claim of $10,««Hl for the loss of
time am! freight sustain«*«! by the l'etu
broke, which was paid promptly.
Perry opened Japan to trade. The
United States In 1S7S and again In 1SIH
led the way for th«* ndmlttauee of
Jnpan Into full fellowship with th«* na­
tion* and to i>ermlt trail«* of Auierl
cans In every part of the empire.
After 18(18, when th«* Shogun was
finally overthrown and the Mikado him­
self began to rule under a constitu­
tional government, tlu* Japanese show­
ed constant progress in peace. They
became restive of being treated ns bar
barlans and wished th«* removal of th«*
stigma. The first effort was received
with favor by th«* United States, which,
by th«* treaty of 18N7, placed Japan upon
exacty the same footing as Germany,
France, or any other country In rela
tion with the United States, except
that the consular courts were contln
tied. The treaty of lS'.M was tbe first
to give Japan standing nmong nation*.
Until then ttie empire was closed to
foreign residence and travel.
Corel was the last of th«* Eastern Asi­
atic countries to Is* opened the world.
"The Hermit Kingdom," as It was
called, excluded all foreigners until
1882. when Commodore Bbufeldt of the
United tSates navy «qtened It by much
the same methods that lind been em­
ployed by Commodore l’erry In the
case of Japnn.
The first communication the United
State* anil Corea hail was one of force,
and in a punitive expedition 2,1)00 Core
an* were killed. This expedition was
sent because of the treatment of the
crew of an American schooner, the
General Sherman, which had been char­
tered by a British trader.
C««reuOB Whipped.
When the General Sherman's dlsap
pvarame became known the United
States demanded redress of China, but
that country denied responsibility for
affairs lu the peninsula. So lu January,
1807, tlie Wachusett, under the com­
mand of Commander Shufeldt, proce«-«l-
ed to Corea. The local officials refused
to give any Information, nnd the
Wachusett left. A similar mission un­
der Commander Feblger of the Blieu-
amloali, dispatched a few mouths luter,
proved equally barren.
Finally, In 1871, tbe American Asiat­
ic squadron, consisting of the flagship
Colorado, the corvette* Alaska ami
Benicia, with the gunboat* Mouocacy
and i'alos, were dlspntch«-«! to Corea
under tlie command of Rear Admiral
Rodgers to obtain satisfaction. Wheu
the fleet arrived at Seoul a boat came
out to the flagship with native officials
bearing a letter from the king. It was
couched lu Insulting term*, aud stated
that unless the fleet left it wouhl lie
destroyed; that the king <le*fre<l no In
terevurse with foreigners; am! that the
crew of the General Sherman had com­
mitted piracy and murder ami had beeu
put to death. Admiral Rodgers de-
maaded an apUogy ami satisfaction,
which was sot forthcoming, and l«e A*-
I 'ermlued to t«-a« li tl«e king a ksaaa*.
'tn June 10, 1871, tbe guaboi»*» pra-
| < ' «»led up tbe river, lauded a farce
044 men, and an attack was made upoa
tb' prim’pal fort. Amid a hail of bul­
lets from tlie enemy the Americans
«prang up the steep incline to attack
the citadel. They swarmed over the
rampart* or through the breecbe*. aud,
In a twinkling, were at close quarter*
with the garrison. The Con ans fought
stubbornly to tbe last without asking
quarter, ami nearly 2,000 of them were
slain After that the subsidiary fort*
«nd 481 plec«-s of artillery fell Into the
American hands. Three Americans
■ were killed anil seven woumletL
Their defeat in thia battle taught tbe
I t'oreau* a wholesome respect for Am
I rleans, who were unmolested from
I that time forward. Tbe United States
was determined, however, to secure
trade with the peninsula, which re­
mained closed to all nations except
t.'blna and Japan.
Uffi negotiations
were put In charge of Ojmmodors
Shufeldt, who bad sertel In one of lb*
ipedltlou agaiuat the Coreaa*
The American Federation of Labor
galued IJO.UUU members during 1SP9.
Tbe eight hour system baa been in­
augurated on the police force at Mem­
phis, Teun.
Tbe eight-hour day ha* been enforc-
ed lu nearly all cities aud towus in
New Eugland.
Seveuteeu States and territories have
laws forbidding the practice of black­
listing employes.
The Illinois Central Railroad Com-
pan; Is xelllug shares of stock on tint
lustallmeut plan to its employes.
It cost* 74 cents in wages to produce
a pair of men's fine grade, calf, welt,
lace sho«‘*, single soles ami box toes.
Lalior Is pal«! i) cents i«er yar«l for
producing one yard of finest body brus-
sels <ari«et. Price at stores, $1.25 per
yard.
Thlrte,*n Stat«** In the Union have
statutes which make It lawful fer
workingmen to combine to iacreawe
their wages.
Average wag«»* of cloakmaker* In
sweatshop* of Cincinnati Is $'.» per
week for family of six persons, living
in two rooms.
The Woman’s International Trade
I tiion Label League has organise«! a
large branch in Chicago aud is spr«*ad-
Ing to other <*ith>*.
Th«* World's I.atior Congress will
hol«l It* sessions In Paris from Sept.
23 to 28. Delegates from every coun­
try will be present
Street railway motormen tn Virginia
work 111* hours an«l receive $1.57 per
«lay. Comluctora work eleven hours
and receive $1.30 per day.
Constitution of Utah provide* for ar­
bitration, prohibits child labor, convict
lal«>r ami blacklisting and provides for
eight hour day ou public work.
Trades unionism has had a phenom­
enal gr»«wth In Gttorgta In the last year.
Then* ar«* three times as many local
union* and four times ns many orgau-
Ized workers as one year ago.
HEAT OF THE EARTH FOR FUEL.
Foraln Scheme tn the Ristlss for Pro-
curing Unlimited Kteum Power»
“A distinguished s-ientlst has seri­
ously suggested the sinking of boilers
deep enough to use the beat of the earth
as fuel." said a promlueut engineer of
this city. "That sounds rather fantas­
tic, In view of the fact that a depth of
12,4)00 feet would be necessary to boil
water, but a scheme* of the same sort
was urged with great energy back lu
the 'tlo* by a Washington inventor
named Foraln. If my memory Is cor­
rect," says a writer lu the New Orleans
Times Democrat, “Foraln wits a mau
of considerable means aud a mathema­
tician of ublllty. Th«* Internal heat of
the earth Is su|>posed to espial about
one degree* to the 100 feet of penetra­
tion, but h«* claimed to have discovered
that tho percentage was very much
greater and Increased In compound
ratio after a certain depth was reached,
lie figured out an elaborate table and
pro|H>sed to sink a huge shaft, with ac­
cumulators nt the iiottoin, from which
unlimited steam would be supplied to
the surface. All that wns needed wa*
a few million dollars' capital to pay
for the digging and the plant, and ho
Immediately set to work to raise tbe
amount. It Is a striking commentary
upon the *hort memory of the reading
public that this singular enterprise,
which nttraettsi so much attention at
th«* time nnd wns the subject of almost
unlimited newspaper notoriety, should
now be practically forgotten. Foraln
succeeded In Interesting a number of
p«*ople of wealth ami formed a joint
Mock company, but meanwhile ids cal-
culatlons were a*sall«sj by scientists,
and It wns shown pretty clearly that
the figure* were Incorrect. He replied
with great bitterness, nnd the conne-
quence wn* that the scheme went to
piece* In th«* shock of «»ontroversy.
What loM-ame of Foraln I don’t know.
If th«* problem I* ever actually »olved,
I suppose he will be fished out of the
limbo of «'rank* and visionaries to tabs
his proper place tn history.”
A 4'uriou* Coincidence.
Sir Herbert Maxwell neems to occu­
py a unique pla«-e In Parliament. Prob­
ably he 1* the only member of the
House of Commons who can claim to
lie descend«81 from an ancestor of pre-
clsely the name name a* himself who
*nt In Parliament over »KM) years ago.
HI* forbear, 8lr Herbert Maxwell ot
Carlsverock, *at in the Parliament of
Hcone, 1283-84, an«! agr<•♦■<! to accept
Margaret of Norway as hl* sovereign
In the event of the death of Alexander
III . an«l he wn* also a memtier of tbe
Parliament of 128P90. This worthy’s
brother. Sir John, It Is further curious
to otieerve, although not hlmnelf a
member of Parliament so far a*
known, ha* also his repr«*«entatlve and
namesake In the House of Common* In
the person of 8lr John Stirling Max­
well, direct <le*cem!a-nt. Sir Herbert
Mnxwt-U ami Sir Joh-n Maxwell were
b«»tb "'•'»m-m»«i‘4vesed" by Edward I.
tw per term iwUftavy service “beyond
tbe wa”—I. e„ In France-In 12»7.
The ISweA of Gibraltar.
Englaml's famous natural fortlflcs-
tlon ly stluated at the southern extrem­
ity of Spain. In Andalusia. At various
times great sum* of money have been
expended to add to its Impregnability,
until now It Is regarded as an almost
Indestructible stronghold. The chief
points of defense are on It* western
side Several miles of caverns and gal­
leries peuetrate tlie rock, which pro-
sent* a solid aud formidable front on
the land side; on the other great can­
non frown upon the Bay of Gibraltar.
Tlie fortress is fairly honeycombed
with lM>mbshells and cannon balla. It
was taken from the original owners
over 150 years ago.
Every woman must spoil something;
a man, baby, or dog. We have noticed
It Is rarely a man.
You can't lavent anything so silly
tkat It won’t go with sent» peuplai