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THE INDEPENDENCE ENTERPRISE
IN
iDEPENOENCOREOON
ewwT Trees
Due to miwyvn
WW
nv&? we dinner coqks
Culinary operations need
not suffer as the result of
the growing importance of
the little kitchen garden. .
The G-E Electric Range
allows such perfect heat control that any rneal can be
.kcd "by the clocK" wmoui ieu4 "-o ,
coo
Telephone Main 6011 and ask about our whole year pay plan.
Mountain States Power Co
, 1
The Independence National Bank
' OFFICERS.
H.'HIRSCHBERG, Pres. D. W. SEARS, Vice-Pres.
" IRA D. MIX, Cashier.
INCORPORATED 1889.
Transacts a General Banking Business-Interest Paid on Time Deposit
DIRECTORS-H. Hirschberg, W. H. Walker, D. W. Sears, I. A. Allen
Otis D. Butler
' 8
(Prepared by Oregon AsHcunural Collea
Snrlnu- illUirV Of frilll WW 1 lc
Aa tn acute nitrogen starve-
tion (luring the most active vegetal no
period in the life of the tree, accoru..
. . ihnrr recently developed by lr.
A. D. Cordley, dean of agriculture and
director of 'the experiment aiauu. .
One of the most important pathologi
cal conditions of fruit trees In humid
sections of the Pacific norinwes..
the ailment commonly known as v. n
ter kill." or "sour sap" because of the
t,,PA nnd time of the injury. m
J..iin "Hnrine iniury," is BUR-
tod hv nr. Cordley.
"The extent and importance 01
twv vflrifls with the location and the
seasons." reasons Doctor Cordley. "but
nearly every year the injury is sen
... m some or all parts of the humid
sections. Last spring a 70-acre pear
orchard loaded with fruit spurs tor a iu
to 15 thousand dollar - crop was so
badly injured that fewer than 300
whois nf fruit were sold. The or
chard has been so impaired that its
value has run down from $000 or 700
an acre to $250, as inventoried by tne
owners. The loss In crop and orchard
has been to date not less than $25,000
to f35.000. j
"Many ' thousand acres of orchard
have suffered in like degree."
Injury is usually more serious, uoc
tor Cordley points out. on heavy soils
with poor air and water drainage, but
is also sometimes serious with trees
on thin or gravelly soils on hillsides.
The disease frequently affects most
seriously the largest and apparently
the healthiest trees and the greatest
injury occurs during the period of
cutest activity, from a short time
before the blossoming to three or four
weeks after, during the first 10 or 15
years of the tree's, life. Injury is In
variably most serious following an
earlv- spring succeeded by several
weeks of cold, rainy weathre.
Symptoms of the trouble are discol
oration of the cambium followed by
a failure to set fruit even though the
trees bloom profusely. The leaves
wither and fall, twigs or branches die,
and the entire tree may be killed to
the ground.
Some' investigators have thought
that the injury is due to excess of
water or deficiency of available oxy
gen. Frost injury has been advanced
as . cause of spring injury. Serious
spring injury occurs when it could not
be due to frost and is not at all in pro
portion to the intensity of the cold.
Dean Cordley says the temperature in
the orchard sections of the humid
northwest rarely or never falls low
enough" in April or May to cause ser-
Hous injury to the trees, although it
may occasionally damage the fruit.
If acute nitrogen starvation ,is tne
cause of the injury, the most vigorous
trees in the most active vegetative
period would naturally suffer most se
verely, since their needs are greatest
THE SWANS OF YPfiES
PKOKKSSJONH COLIM?
A Grocery That Never
Disappoints Gustomers
Groceries
aTfiMriftcf-A Not Best Because Biggist
Large yuanuues
. . mm V
But Biggest Because Best
Nn Order Too Large To Fill
-h TzhrTZ- xt. r-A. TArt Small Tn Fill
r" l- "iU"
m, . r,i... a! sa tiio" Pnhlie Pleasantly and Well The
Goods We Sell are Just as Represented and When Drders are Given
We NEVER DUPLICATE. We aena xou juss nuai u
Never Send the "Just as Good" Kind.
Fennel Pondweeds
Clog Water Canals
Calbreath & Jones
ft
DO YOU READ
THE ENTERPRISEr
Tho T parlincr and Largest newspaper in
Independence as well as most widly read
nitron "'ay
...... ... ,,r,,u.l amounts It " ' .
8"" " .. ...... I... BVll llt'ld
Ooctor foni " ' ,. liy crlt.
for tlioUBeoimo -" ;..
porlod of Hs tll
i .i 1U II II 1111
Since xmvor - ,
theform of nitrate -
. ... 1. 111VA llt'OU l-i-" "
soiuuw, .1 "".' , ... i,,rv
.. ..... tin,., of spring Injur)
whon the trs need It mo,
it is possible that even uiohm
We Present the P 'T.v
...1. 1.. r,T.iinl amounis. w.-
auu uu. f - ,,,.,,,
have suffered from .uu- -;
..... .iim t in very ."
X r Z. Son, na,y- mad,
Si Doctor Cordley i
anion. In the more irm....
alnod and hs acid soil. tl.o pro-:
cesses of nitrification doubtl.
to keep up a constant thou, often an
InsuffU-lont supply of mtrat.H and
sprinK injury rarely or never occurs
in orchards on sucn su.
' The rate at which nitrification Uke
placo is detonuined by the comlltlnnH
of heat, air, ond moisture prevailing
In the soil. Thus It conies about na
turally that the most seriouH spring
injury occura upon cold, acid, and
noortv draliu-d soils.
The scarcity of available nitrates in
,n t caused by leachinB the ac
cumulated nitrates or by conditions
which inhibit the process or mumta
tmn t. the time when a new supply of
nitrates is most needed. Should this
spring injury theory prove to bo me
explanation of sour sap. It may '
nvninln. thinks Doctor Cordley. cherry
tree gumosls which he considers dlf
fnra little from spring injuries of oth
er trees. It would also explain the
cause of the rapid yellowing of thou
sands of acres of grain on poorly drain
ed soils. It may likewise account at
least in part Tor the slow early season
growth of spring planted crops cm
colder soils.
Proof of the correc tness of the' tin
ory would likewise suggest the rem
edysuch measures as may be neces
sary to provide a necessary supply of
nitrates to carry the trees through the.
critical period of a week or two before
blossoming until the soil conditions
become favorable for nitrification.
The quickest and most readily avail
able method of supplying nitrates Is
a light application of nitrate of soda
some 10 days before the trees blossom.
The liming of acid soils, drainage,
early cultivation and the growth of
cover crops also tend to favor nitrifi
cation.
It the natural processes of nitriflca
tion are to be relied upon, Doctor
Cordley thinks the soil must be put
in the best possible condition to pro
mote this process prior to the time of
blossoming and kept in that condition
until danger of injury Is past. Unless
this is possible, he says he can seo
no alternative but a light application
of nitrate of aoda.
..It... ,1W...
wiwro mi-niiMi"- .... ... i,iv:
:'iy "
no hurry ah.... "IS'
1 V
T1y mv. hr.l J-V-J
ron.o mM '1"" ,i!.a.trou
Thry hvo "
tliliiK". . . . ... . . iKolr tinull
When It" ' r "V.. ' V ..I
nsa.
DR. ELLSWORTH
THE VTKEIUNAftUN
10th and II. Strati.
Phono M -3122,
SWOPE & SWOPE
Lawyers
I. O. O. F. Buildiw
Independence, , . On,
WHY WORRY ABOUT
your noon lunch on them
bu.y day. when you cm jt i
quick meal at th PALACE Mut
.treet. Lunchei from It a. &
until 2 p. m. and from S p. m. .
til la p. m. 1
, 1
When " " , , . .,, fr.t
c.KMr , .... . 7u , w
Sahara Desert Once Well
Watered ana r-crmc
professor of Egyptology
. . . f..,m.. ..ml h.tntor frm
;i;,:,Snh,tn. XMn. .uovln Krudnully
,,,. thrmigl. u rm ... -ntstern
Afrl.-n. loete-l where 't
i,i.w He. accnllutf to t. -.-
Henry !reii"t'd. r..r.-.'r "i 1-
toU.gy mid orienun --
verstty of t'lileiigo.
I.M-t.,r r.r.-..Mt.d sui-l that IhU all
,,,,,,,...,,,.1 nl".t the tln.e oftl.e Mne
aire Kirvpt wim t"e' .'.
,t It gmdni.lly dniU.e.1 out Int.. the
M-cllternineon. l.-nvlnk' Hie ..'.....,.
H.-re the hunters were ff..rde. every
imtn.l re....ir.e and feun.!e. 11 rlv
lllzntl.m whirl, outstripped hurope. It
,v's ..Lout or :!."N. It. ,thnt
Kwyi.t hi.'l ."v","""",
IniiliO',' 0.UU...1S rf x.'i.N.
The uniln t pi
,.1,1,-r iliM.i th.it foun-l lu Al.. wiyti
Pnrtor i:rr:ited. and cuttle uti'loubt
,,llv Iim.1 th-lr ..rl!u In Afrlr.i. Th
Htoll" lige f.-Utldrr -r I f.M"
vil..prd frm hunter P furiiitTH and
tl blest 111. -tin ui-ir.ni..-..."
nm.le hv himiiin ug.-nry. They i-vl-.1.
,iu,.,,v.T.(l the iii. inl there; and
h (.vsteui of writing wiin evolved In
Kgypt thousands f jeur. UTorc
Christ.
(
I LCTCHKH & n VRitltJK,
ATTORNEY'S
Cooper Iluildlnf
INI)ITENiENa; .. OREC01
FEDERAL FARM LOAN'S
54 Introst 34H yari ttw 1
rrompt and efficient wnfet 1
Oregon National Firm Lou
' Association '
Largest In the Northwt 1
A. C. Bohrnstead, Secy-Trw 1
401 Maaonle Temple, Stlta.On'
.
Aquatic plants choking the canals
of Hermiston and other irrigation dis
tricts of Oregon are fennel pondweed
and not, as frequently thought, either
ditch grass, moss or alga, reports W.
E. Lawrence, assistant botanist of the
I station at the agricultural college, af
ter a preliminary investigation.
Professor Lawrence was assigned to
the 'problems of determining and con
trolling the troublesome plant on re
quest of farmers and ditch supervisors
who have been greatly damaged by
the pondweeds. These plants grow
from seeds germinated in the silt col
lected at the bottom of the canals.
They grow quite dense when well
established, . several score to each
square foot of channel bottom. They
are much branched and of height suf
ficient to reach the surface, of the
water, but are bent by the force of
the current UU the tops are kept just
beneath the surface, where they form
a tangled mass that greatly obstructs
the current. ..
The carrying power of the ditches
is sometimes reduced 40 to 60 per cent
by the pondweed, says Professor Law
rence. This serious reduction occurs
after the waters begin to warm up in
the spring, and is greatest by late
spring and early summer when water
is most needed for the crops. The
effect of this reduction on the crop
vield and quality causes a heavy fi
nancial loss, especially in dry seasons
Another loss results from the time,
labor and money spent in efforts to
remove the weeds. The most effec
tive method, says Professor Lawrence,
is turning the water out of the canals
for five to seven days . in hot dry
weather, that the sun may kill the
weeds. This interruption to the water
suDnlv is likely to prove most serious
and was not provided for in the water
.iQftrj' pPTements.
iisik cauu os vnun
BELFFZ RAILWAY.
ETectlva 8und Jun tl
Th Vallty & Slleu lUiiroiit
rum, a train leaving ItnlopecckM 1
7.45 a. m. goto throuch t Caat(S
arriving there 10 a. ra. lar'm
4.45 p. m. arriving Independear
7 p. m. leaving t 7.25 p, m. foil,
klnt. Sportsmen will bT u f
portonlty to whip the LocKr
Train will leave Hoiklni to
at 6.80 p. m. arrlva In IndeptKs
1A5 p. m. -
with partial success for removing
aquatic growths from canals in other
districts. Hay rakes, drag harrows,
mowing machines and chemicals have
all been tried in various irrigation dis
tricts of the United States, but none
have proved entirely satisfactory. The
cutting or dragging parts of the ma
chine are clogged by the weeds, and
it is difficult to regulate the depth and
width of action.
Running an acme harrow on the
canal bottom has proved to bo the
most satisfactory method so far re
ported, says Professor Lawrence. Tills
tool has a series of turned knives
which can be set to run at deuth ami
angle necessary to cut the, weeds off
about two inches below the bottom
of the canal. The weeds are then
washed by the current down to some
bridge or other suitable, operating
piace. wnere they are thrown out by
men with pitchforks.
So thick do the nondweedH
so rapidly does the acme harrow do
us worn mat several men are kept
busy ty a single harrow drawn by two
horses, one on each bank of H.o ru.,,,1
uperauon 01 tne acme harrow does
not. interiere with the flow of water
while the work is going on, and the
silt it stirs un gradually .o,iiu(ii.,..,.
J "VUIPLI IUIJiy.1
t. IO
useii mong me leaky places in the
Majority of Big Animals
Are Extremelv Lazy tven
in Their Native Haunts
Tliimuh not c'tternlly known, in.mt
of the big ciirnlvorn lire extremely
l:.v. In their native haunts only vx-
ertlnir theinwlvcs when In Ih-ikI or
fund, ami often golnj without It for
sheer Indolence.
Animals f the z.x.lnglrul Eiirdens
olitnlntni.' their food without liny ef
fort on their own part grow xtupld and
111 for lurk of exercise. I lie Pac
ini: un and down, just before nienl
tune Is not sulIU'letit. I'.esldeH. finl-
n. uls are like people ; they need rhnngo
of scent; and itlr. Fr this renn the
fuiluials In a el reus r show arc really
more fortunate than their brothers In
the zoological gardens.
The trlrk iinlmals get plenty of ex
ercise during performance, nnd the
constant chunge of scene keeps them
Interested. Even sucli lleree nnlmals
ns leopards, tigers nnd llotin enjoy
going through their tricks from sheer
relief of the monotony of their cages,
nnd often the big cuts are quite play
ful during the time of their training,
not from nny love of man, but from n
love ot motion.
ON OLD ACCOUNTS
WE GET KESfJITS
WE REPORT RESULTS
WE REMIT RESULTS
. WE TAY THE HPEB
WE TAKE THE BLAJH
KNIGI1T ADJUSTMENT CO
MeMlnnville. Ore
Succeeior to
YAMOREG COLLECTION
AGENCY.
- . .
WILLARD )
STORAGE BATTERY STAW
We aelL Rent and BfP" J
terl.- OUR REPAIR or
GUARANTEED.
418 Court Street
Thona !
channel.
Possibilities of control nf t,n , ,
w LI. V. IJW11U"
weed by chetnicalH u-lll ho invuii.i
oy l'roiessor Lawrence as soon as he
can unu time tor this work.
Bumewnai similar to the
fennel pondweed nf .....
ditches is the horned pondweed found
"1C u.aumge auciies of the ss
districts. It is controlled in the be
way
ame
same
Oregon Has Young Club Leader
One of the youngest boys' club lead
w lUD una states is Exie Mor-
6-, ine uaiies. He won his ap
id r V Position by somo of
the neat pannt., .
" """s worn Known in the
NOTES OF SCIENCE
A Mlssoinlan Is the Inventor
of a seed planting attachment
that can be uibled to nny farm
cultivator.
South .Africa has mora than
32,fHK).0()O Kheen. I .rod i win.' nn-
minlly morn thun 170,KX),000
pounds of wool.
Tint bowl of n new medicine
spoon 1ms n hinged cover to re
tain Its contents, easily lifted
when desired.
To enable a mnn In one room
to watch n cash register In an
olher n device termed a detec-
iiiiure nns been invented.
Scheme to Fonl tho Tncta
wnen Swallowing Medicine
Yet another
j,v . III.U1VI
urviMujr Koine Hoiieme whereby a
ARTICU!
plCTUi
rfH
POPULAR MECHANICA
A.k them VXZ&K
tiU5coln """'ieWINl
a M. Mlchl Avon. j
-UAVfi-
SPERL,NG
The' Paijt
ToHanT0,K
patient may take n disagreeable medi
cine Wlllm.lt .Mall.... O T. ii '
'i. in me new
..I--., u nny cup ia provided which is
dipped Inside nn ordinary tumbler.
a .ie medicine Is placed In the Inner
mp. mid the tumbler Illled with wa
ter. The Inventor's Idea 1 H.t ti.o t....
tient simply ,irinks )lm wllUtv wiien!.
'I"n the inedlcluo ulso flows out, nnd
flouting upon a fihn of waU,r ,s Bwal,
lowed down, without coming into con
tact with the tongue. '
Many Are Color Blind.
One nmn in every CO in England
purl ally or wholly color blind, so
t least the tests for the English mer
ennti e ii in i- m, ...
Professor maintains that the propor
I10" Is even lamer.
fT F
rtflFUr I
t
. First-Class Wor
AUTO, BKi
TUtot
. PHOJNJ