The Monmouth herald., July 08, 1921, Image 3

British A d opt
French Ruins
London to Restore Verdun, but “ t*00* rt,ll,,r* n ,,f •
,,n*1 Vlll*‘- ,o
«■> ___.
■
n
°
* 1*1 i
which ucricultuinl Implements, »»-wing
Cemeteries Prevent Work on
machine* and clothing have been sent.
Birmingham has
Outlying Villages.
a first step, clothing, boots aud blank-
! eta to the value o f £500 have been sent,
' and more is to follow.
Apart from the organized assistance
| of the British league of Help, the
Manchester Raising $250,000 to Lift British are raising a special fund for
j the restoration o f the Itheima cathe-
Mezieres Out of Its Heap of Dust
i dral, and the Iloyal Agricultural socl-
and Ashes— Raise Money for
I ety has organized a fund to supply cat-
the Rheims Cathedral.
| tie to the raided farms of French ag­
riculturists.
To this fund £70,000 al-
New York.—Despite the burden of
ready has been subscribed.
their war debts and the heavy taxes
lu the billions of pounds sterling they
floured Into Europe to save civiliza­
tion, Uie people of Great Britain still
are Sliding means to help the stricken
populace lu the devastated regions of
France.
Under the stimulus of a campaign
directed by tlie central committee of
the British League of Help, they are
donating millions of dollars to repair,
'rebuild or restore public utilities,
houses, villages and towns In the wa_-
sucpt zones o f France. More than 50
ru’ned towns and villages have been
udopted by English cities and towns.
* Verdun, that became Immortal as 1
one of the bloodiest battlefields of the I
entire war, has been adopted by the
City and county of London. So great
was the havoc wrought there hy the
enemy guns, so great the loss of life,
nnd so numerous and thickly popu­
lated the cemeteries of the soldier
dead, thnt mnny of the outlying vil­
lages may never lie reclaimed.
But
Verdun proper, the city that "They
Shall Not Puss,” la to be restored in its
entirety.
Borough* Take Individual Action.
NEWCASTLE ASSISTS ARRAS
Drank 54,150 Glasses of
Root Beer in One Year
New Occupation of Germany by Allied Troops
Because he scheduled $"41 50
In war tax on root beer during
1020. n Lithuanian coal miner
.•f Springfield. III., was a »Led ••>
John Bickering. cuHectoi® o f in­
ternal revenue, to look over his
Income tax again.
After de­
ducting his uulon dues, dona­
tions to churches and charities
and war tax on theater tlekets
this man still had $1.511.50 for
which to account. His root beer
thirst cut bis Income to $1.000.
be said.
To satisfy his cravings, ac­
cording to his figures, the miner
had to drink 148 glasses of root
l eer a day, or 54,150 glasses In
a year.
Confiscating Big Store of Liquors
Belgian troops marching past the Frederick statue In Düsseldorf to occupy this Important German city In the
Rhine territory. Insert—A French machlue gun ou the famous Düsseldorf bridge.
Coal Structure
Being Studied
Aside from this several London bor-
An a||eKe<| delivery of liquor t.y one of their drivers without a transpor-
oughs are taking Individual action. A c ,atl<jn pt,rmlt rw uiteii In a raid on the warehouse of the Singer Brothers In
cording to reports received hy the for- jfew y ork The iedt,ru| agellt8 are bhowu listing some of the confiscated
elgn information department of the „ oot]a
Bunkers' Trust company, Kensington
has adopted Souchea, Wadsworth has
undertaken to look nfter the needs of
Villers-Bloulch, and other boroughs are
forming committees to raise funds to
take cure of other villages.
Manchester Is raising £50.000 to
help to resurrect the dust heap that
once was Mezieres; and of this
amount £11,000 already has been sub­
scribed. Newcastle bus undertaken to
authorized, on such conditions ns the
provide £20,000 for Arras, und has paid , Joint Action of State and Fed­ secretary of agriculture may deter­
Its second Installment of the gift. On
mine to be fair and reasonable.
eral Governments Necessary
February 5, when the mayor of Arras
Expenses Borne Jointly.
to Stop Destruction.
visited Newcastle a check for 250,000 !
Federal
ex[ien,litures under co-oper­
francs was hnnded to him.
ative agreements with states would,
And Oxford, Sheffield, Exeter, Eves­
under the bill, have to be at least
ham, Eastbourne, Clrenchester and
equaled by state expenditures derived
Birmingham hnve given and nro giving
either from general taxation or from
to their capacity.
owners of forest lands under state re­
Oxford proposes to restore the wa­
Largest and Most Important Field for quirements. The bill also provides
ter supply and to rebuild tlie school
Co-operation Is Fire Prevention-
for a survey of "the forest resources
at Fayet. For this object, nearly £700
Cost of Protection Should be
and requirements of the country, for
already has been collected.
Shared by Private Owner.
experiments and Investigations In re­
Sheffield lias adopted three towns
forestation nnd methods of cutting nnd
nnd villages— Bupuume, Buisieux and
Serre, all made famous in the buttle
Washington.— Need for public action utilizing timber, for enlarged pur­
of the Somme and in the great Ger­ to snve the remaining forests of the chases of lands for federal adminis­
man drive In 1018. The fund In the United States from devastation, und tration ns national forests, nnd for
hands of the lord mayor of Shetfield to provide for timber production on vnrlous other features of a national
now stands at £5.000. Of this a first lands already laid waste, was strongly program of forestry.
In urging the necessity for action,
Installment of 50,000 francs has been urged hy Col. W. B. Greeley, chief of
sent to Bnpnume toward the establish­ the forest service. United States L*e- Colonel Greeley pointed out thnt the
ment of a day nursery; and, at the partment of Agriculture, at the hear­ essential problem of providing for fu
special request of its mayor, n mo­ ings before the house agricultural com­ ture needs Is a national one.
“ New York,” the colonel said. "Im­
tor tractor has been forwarded to mittee on the Snell bill.
Buisieux.
The bill authorizes and directs the ports nine-tenths of the lumber which
Pennsylvania Imports
Everiham Order* Cider Fruit Tree*. secretary of agriculture, In co-opera­ she requires.
Exeter Is undertaking to restore the tion with the various states or other four-fifths, while n large group of mid­
water supply at Montdldier, where the sultnhle agencies, to recommend the dle western states lnqsirt U7 | s t cent
American troops first went Into the requirements essential for protecting of their wood. The hulk o f our paper
battle line,, nnd has forwarded £2,0*10 timbered nnd cut-over land from tire, comes from half a dozen states. The
growing of timber on enormous areas
to the mayor o f that city. Evesham refreshing denuded lands, nnd cutting
Is raising £1,000 for Ilehuterne, aud and removing timber crops so that of laity] adapted hy nature to that pur­
has ordered 500 cider fruit trees from continuous production of timber will pose nnd scattered throughout 59
Holland. Eastbourne has sent to Bray- he promoted. T o bring Into elTect states Is Just as much a national ne­
sur-Sonune a gift o f 5.00«) francs, be­ these requirements, nnd with n view cessity and Just ns much a matter for
sides supplying that ruined village to furnishing a. continuous supply of national action as the encouragement
with goods nnd foodstuffs to the value timber for the use and necessities of of agriculture or tlie maintenance of
o f £500. Cirencester has equipped and the public, co-operation between the Interstate transportation.
“ The growing of timber cannot be
Is supporting a food kitchen for the federal government nnd the states Is
left to private Initiative alone. Under
the bill the federal government will
assume the technienl leadership of the
icforestatlon
movement
throughout
the country.
While In the prairie
stntes co-operation would have to deal
chiefly with tree planting. In other
stntes It should cover technical meth­
ods o f fire prevention, of disposal of
debris left In logging, o f cutting vari­
ous types of tlmlier so ns to secure a
new- crop of the kind deslrerl, and the
like.
“ The largest nnd most important
field of coo|>eratlon, however. In all
states containing extensive forest
areas Is In the prevention o f forest
fires. This Is the first step to a con­
tinuous supply of timber.
Once the
vast area o f cut-over land suitable
for timber production Is really pnv
terted from forest fires, three quarters
of our forest problem Is solved.
“The cost of forest protection should
be shared by the public nnd the pri­
vate owner.
But fire prevention I*
not an end In Itself.
The reforesta­
tion of timber-growing land and the
actual production of timber Is the real
objective. In no Instances should fed­
eral funds be expended unless the
state carries out the requirements
fonnd necessary by the federal forest
service to make timber grow."
URGE N A TIO N TO
SAVE FORESTS
FOREST FIRES ONE PR08LEM
Our New Postmaster on the
Job
Buys Sheepskin Coat*.
Postmaster General Hays Is making ins[iectl»n vh its to the big cities
f.nd outlining bis policy of "a square deal" to postal eu iployees. The photo-
graph show* him in the distributing department of the New York postoffice,
Mr. Hays, as chairman * f the National Republican com mlttee. made a repu-
tstlon as a manager and harmonlzer.
erul matter. All are readily distin­
guishable In the photomicrographs.
Examination of a number of coals
has shown that most of the coul Is de­
rived from the woody parts of plants,
such as trunks, stems, brunches and
roots. Including all the tissues that
make up such parts. Some of tlila
•---------------------------------------------- - wood Is represented hy the larger un­
lenticular masses greatly varying in til raxy Ion, some hy the «mailer an-
Eureau of Mines Conducting Mi­ of
thickness und breadth and entirely sur­ tliraxylon and some hy the uttrl'.us.
croscopic Investigation at
rounded by or Imbedded lu tho “ dull The proportion represented In each of
these varies in different coals and even
coul.”
Pittsburgh Station.
From the study nt high magnifica­ at different levels In the same coul
tions It has been definitely shown that j lied. There Is evidence that some o f
tho “ bright coal" represents constitu­ the cellulose matter Is derived from
ents that ut on« tlnio were pieces of i the more delicute tissues, such as her­
I wood, us of trunks, stems, hrunchas baceous plants, young or growiug part*
and roots. They ure called “ uuthrux- of plants, leaf tissues, etc.
Reinhardt Thie**en, Research Chem­ ylon.” Tho “ dull coal" Is extensively
The humic or decayed vegetable mat­
ist, Says Scientists of the Past
sublamlnuted Into thinner sheets of ter forms a considerable proportion of
"bright coul” und "dull coal.* These the uttritus of all coals. It Is derived
Only Had a Vague Idea of
thin sheets of “ bright coal” also con­ from the celluloalc parts of plants, hut
the Composition of Coal.
sist of definite components and are Im­ Includes, besides macerated, beuil de­
bedded lu n dull granular appearing cayed wood, some macerated gum,
Washington.—Conceptions of tlie or­ matter. The "dull coal" may therefore
bark, pith, cortex and other more deli­
igin. composition and general nature | conveniently he divided Into two cate parts. There Is no sharp dividing
of coal held hy scientists In the past clnsses— the thin black shiny strips I line between the nnthruxylon and tlie
are so different and contradictory that nnd the highly comminuted mnterlnl,
humic constituents.
It Is u difficult mutter to determine Gh? termed uttritus, lu which they uro Im­
Resins are found In nil coala, hut In
real extent of knowledge available or bedded.
greatly varying proportions, both In
to rely on the literature, says Rein­
Derived From Plants.
the nnthraxyloti nnd the attrltus. When
hardt Thleasen, research chemist of
found In the nnthraxyloti. the resin 19
It
Is
conclusively
shown
that
the
the bureau of mines. Scientists lu gen­
eral had only a vague bleu of tlie com­ thin strips of bright coal are also de­ found In those tissues where It would
position of coal, the origin of Its con­ rived from woody parts of plants, nnd l bo expected If the constituent were
stituents. the transformation they hnve are anthrnxybm, hut represent thin- ' still a sound piece of wood. In the
undergone, and tho conditions they , nor and sinullcr fragments than the nttrltus the resins are easily distin­
thicker strips. There Is no real dis­ guished from the other constituents.
now are In.
tinction between the larger ami the
The chemist did not hnve enough
Comparing Different Coals.
smaller or thinner nnthraxyloti constit­
fundamental knowledge to attack Its
The
exlnes or outer wnlls of spores
uents, there being a complete range In
chemistry In the right directions. The
Intermediate sizes, but the smaller are are present In the uttritus only nnd
fuel engineer, In turn, did not have a
the more numerous. Some coals are form un Important part of ull coals,
broad enough chemical basis for stud­
largely made up of the thinner an- hut In greutly varying proportions. The
ies In combustion, distillation, cooking
s|H>re exlnes are the most readily dis­
thrnxylon strips.
and other processes relating to the use
The nttrltus Is composed of a num­ cernible constituents In all coals, uutl
of coal, hence the efficient utilization
ber of groups or classes of constitu­ huve definite characteristics. Different
of coal In the Industries I ihs suffered
ents. most of w hli-li can he definitely genera and perhaps different species
from the lack of a proper knowledge identified and their origin determined. of exlnes differ In sculpturing, size,
of the nature of coal Itself.
These are the degradation products of form und thickness of wull, und hy
The bureau of mine* In order to cellulose (the essential constituent of means of these characters can readily
clear up some of the confusion that cell walls), humic matter, spore exlnes, he distinguished from one unother.
exists and to get a more exnct knowl­ resins, remains of cuticles, highly car­ The spore characters have been so well
edge o f the uuture of coal In general, bonized material rod lets nnd Rome min- preserved in almost all coals that the
ns well as to obtain certain fundamen­
spores of one kind of plunts cun ho
tal fucts. Ims been conducting at Its
clcurly distinguished from those of nn-
R E SC U E D FROM REIMS
Blttshurgh stntlon a microscopic study
other kind. In some coul scums the
of the structure o f coal. One of the
larger hulk of the s|siro exlnes lire of
great hindrances to Its study, from the
the same kind. In other seams two or
time of the earliest Investigators to
three kinds may form the main hulk.
the present, has been the difficulty In
In comparing coals from different beds
preparing thin sections for microscopic
the predominating exlnes of one senin
observation. Many attempts hail been
ure easily seen to he different In some
made to overcome this difficulty, and
way from those of any other bed. Thus
also to devise other means of study.
the reals of different beds, containing
For a number of year« the ash meth­
different s|Mires, may readily be dis­
od was pursued, hits of ronl being ei­
tinguished from one another.
ther totally or partly burned anil the
Occasionally In a given coal senin a
ash examine*! under the microscope.
spore exlne Is found that differs from
Later, maceration was tried with some
those of any other scam, but does not
success, but on tlie whole It failed to,
predominate. This spore exlne may he
reveal the true nnture o f coal. More
a distinguishing characteristic of the
recently the method was tried of sof­
coal seam In question, although not the
tening the coal with reagents nnd then
predominate one. Tills fart promises
cutting It Into thin «ectlcus with n mi­
to he of vulue In the stratigraphic cor­
crotome. But this change« the coal
relation o f coni seams. The Blttshurgh
too much to show Its true appeurnnee,
seam, for example, contains n small
besides the method is Inexpedient.
spore exlne that Is both predominant
Used Rock Method Study.
and characteristic nnd may thus he
easily distinguished from any other.
For the bureau's work an adaptation
of the method used successfully for
All ordinary bituminous coals con­
years by petrolnglsts In studying rocks
tain certain constituents tliut ure more
and pnleobotanlst« In studying plants
highly carbonized than the rest o f the
was employed. A smell rectangular
coul and stand out In sharp contrast
piece of the coal to be examined was
to It on account of their opaqueness.
planed and polished on one surface,
In general there are two types of ear-
Isinnceous matter—oue type show's def­
which was then cemented to a glass
slide with a mixture of Canada balsam
inite plant structure and consists of
and marine glue. Tlie piece was ground
the more highly carbonized ports of
to a safe thickness on a lapidary's
plant cells or hits o f woody tissues or
other plant tissues; the other shows
wheel and was finally ground to trans­
parent thinness hy hand on a fine hone.
no plant structure and Is of Indefinite
Examinations were then made through
origin.
Other constituents thnt are Invari­
the microscope at magnifications rang­
ing up to 2,(Ml diameters.
ably present In all goals are the so-
called rodlcts or needles. Many are
The bureau says that even with the
naked eye a bed of any bituminous
scattered helter-skelter through the at­
trltus. Sometimes they are present In
coal Is readily seen to he banded, and
a chunk o f coal Is seen to he highly
such large numbers that they form a
mnslderahle part of certain thin lami­
laminated and composed o f layers
vnrylng greatly In thickness ami In
nae. Mnny of the snthraxylon compo­
nents, snd. conspicuously, ninny of the
color, texture and fracture.
mineral ehnrcoal constituents. Inclose
There are generally recog.i'xed and
s smaller or larger number o f rodlet*
described two kinds of coal with re­
that are evidently part of their struc­
spect to Its texture; compact coal and
mineral charconl or mother-of ronl. In
A French tot from the mined city ture. Most of the tissues remaining In
the compact coal. In general, two kinds of Reims who has been reached from the ronl with which ro*llet* are associ­
of bands are recognlxed, apparently the shattered streets and debris of ate«! are recognized to he those of
alternating and In sharp contrast. The hla home town, aud taken to the plants related to the Meilullo-a«, well-
one is o f a blight Jet black, pitchy ap­ freidi-alr colony at Vlllers-Allerand, known paleozoic plants allied to the
From this It appears that
pearance and breaks with a eoucholdal where he la given sunshine nnd good cyeads.
smooth, shiny fracture. The other Is foml. The colony was established by some of the rod lets, if not all, are tho
grayish black, of a dull appearance, a Helms school tear her for the benefit seml-petrlfled contents of the mucilage
and break* Irregularly. The former Is of delicate children, and she has hnd canals of Medulla«« like plants. In tho
g- n« rally railed »right coni" or "glam many fairy godmother*. Including the original plants these rnnsls were elon­
coal" and the latter “ dull coal" or Junior Bed Cross, wtlcb ha* helped gated Intercellular spaces containing
gumming substance*.
"matt coal.” The bright coal constats with 48,000 franc«.
Washington.—The United
States
public health service has Ju«t b<
2,500 «hÄ*p*kln coats 'or the tubercu­
lous patients In It* hospitals. *r> that
they may he able to sit out In the *lr
and the *nn this winter. It's the fresh
air that cou UtA.
OLD TESTS ARE UNRELIABLE