The Herald
D. E. ST1TT, Editor.
EnUrl u Hdond-du iMtur Sntmbr 1.
t tb post effiot at Monmnitb, Urqcon. under tb
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Monmouth, Oregon.
FRIDAY, SEPT. 10, 1915.
As it Was in the Beginning
It is a commonplace tq ay
that the war has been full of
surprises. Among these, none
has been more striking than the
reversion to early and long
abandoned forms and practices
of warfare.
We ell remember the predic
tion, based upon th operations
of the Uoer War, that because of
the range and accuracy of the
rille tire, frontal attacks in
mussed formation Vould no long
er be made; that the advance
would be made in widely extend
ed order and that the decisive
tactics would consist almost en
tirely of Hanking or .turning
movements. It was predicted
furthermore that the tactical ne
cessity of fighting at long range
would lead to the abandonment
of the bayonet and that rarely,
if ever, would the combatants
commingle in hand to hand
fighting,
All of which apparently well
founded predictions have been
falsified by the event. For nigh
upon twelve months some four
millions of men have been
facing each other upon a battle
, line several hundred miles in
length and in such close contact
that a rush of less than one
hundred yards has been sufli
cient to precipitate the bloodiest
hand to hand struggle with
bayonet and hand-grenade.
And the mention of the hand
grenade brings us down to our
text; for this is but one of sev
eral medieval and ancient forms
of lighting which the exigencies
of the present war have revived
and established firmly as part of
the tactics of modern warfare.
The fundamental cause of all
this is to be found in the extra
ordinary development of trench
or what might be called field
siege warfare. The hand-grenade
formed in early days an import
ant weapon of attack in the as
sault on permanent fortifications
and so ellicient was this weapon
that special bodies of men were
trained in its use and carried
the name of grenadiers.
Where the weight of the
bombs or the distance to be
covered demands it, recourse
has been had to the catapult, a
device which is as old as the
recorded history of warfare it
self. In the poison gases, so-called,
of the Germans we recognize at
least in principle the ''stinkpot"
of the Chinese and the "Greek
fire" of the ancients.
Only recently in our columns
we illustrated a steel helmet that
has been introduced among the
French troops which is strongly
reminiscent of the medieval
casque; aud a further revival of
medieval warfare is to be found!
in the use of steel breastplates'
and of movable shields pushed
forward in advance of the at-
tacking troops.
That the use of armor in siege
warfare, such as that which has
betli carried on in France, is
likely to be extended, is suggest-
jedina dispatch from London
to the Associated Press, which
says that the value of a light
protective armor is attested iu
several recent articles iu the
British medical journals Ac
cording to the New York Time?
Doctor Devraigne, a French
army surgeon, who discusses in
the Lancet the result of "bis
! tests of the new French helmet,
gives it his unqualified endorse
ment. He says that the soldier
who wears a' helmet escapes
light wounds of the head, and
even wounds that would in ordi
nary circumstances have been
severe, have been greatly miti
gated. The helmet frequently
turns off the bullet, and in other
cases dents or stops it, and even
when the helmet is perforated,
it checks the velocity of the
bullet so that hair and dirt are
not driven into the tissues of the
head.
Lastly, the return to primitive
methods of fighting is seen in a
late report from 'the Italian
campaign that thousands of the
enemy have beeu killed and
wounded by stones and rocks
hurled upon them by the Italian
mountain troops Scientific
American.
Why Is A Legidlature?
Why is a legislature? The
American people as a whole
have not got to that question as
yet, but the New York Times
thinks it hears the whispering
of something of the sort. It ap
pears that the question has been
actually asked in Arizona, and
the New York paper experiences
at least the suggestion of alarm
over the jpossible pervasiveness
of the idea that comes out of the
West.
Let us acknowledge the gyves
of convention, and admit with
out discussion that to ask that
question now would be damnable
heresy. Yet we may with in
terest, if not with profit, turn to
the consideration of certain facts
regarding legislatures which the
New York paper is moved to
cite by reason of this irreverent
Arizona query.
It is the gist of those citations
that some states have much
more legislature than others.
Georgia, Massachusetts, New
York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey
and Rhode Island each have as
much again as any other state
in the Union except Alabama;
and each four times as much as
that state. In other words this
Atlantic Coast group has annual
sessions of the legislature; the
other states biennial sessions,
while Alabama manages to get
along with a spasm of law mak
ing every four years.
If legislatures are as good in
one state as in another; if, for
'example, the legislatures of
Massachusetts average as good
as those of Alabama and in the
spirit of puritan pride and cul
ture God forfend it should be
otherwise ought not the land
of the Pilgrim fathers have four
times as good government as the
"Land in Which We Rest?"
Does it appear that Georgia is
better governed than Minnesota,
Kansas or Idaho? If one weie
to put his finger on the state thai
in its laws and government is
truly representative of the most
advauced democracy in this'
country, would he stojhen be.
ran down the list to New York,!
or again at Pennsylvania?
We have not yet got to the
questiou: Why a legislature?
Perhaps we are not even on the
road to it; but we might consider
the use and value of the legis
lature from this quantitive view
point, and from that there is no
telling where the conclusions
would lead. There is no ac-:
counting for the irreverent in
quisitiveness of the American
mind. Telegram.
Pendleton intends to score a
big hit this year with its round
up and has contracted to ship
all the horses and cattle used at;
the round-up to San Francisco
where a five day's exhibit will,
be put on October 17 to '23.
Exposition visitors will have the ,
privilege of witnessing a real
wild, Western show. ;
The last year has lowered the
price of automobiles very much.
Iu some instances as much as
twenty-five per cent. Many of
the factories are using all their
facilities in supplying European
nations with auto trucks and
munitions of war. When the
war's demands cease there will
be another reajustinent with the
prospeet of prices going much
lower.
A crab apple is all right, and
likewise a grape, but if either
made pretention to anything
else 'there would be trouble
There is a difference in being
and pretending.
Which is the more agreeable,
the vacation or the joy of com
ing back?
Last Monday was Labor Day
and so far as our knowledge
goes every body observed it by
keeping at their usual occupation.
Search for Tin in America
In view of the interest in an
adequate tin supply for the United
States and the discussion of the
smelting of Bolivian ore on the
Atlantic seaboard, and possibly
on Puget Sound' the publication
by the United States Geological
Survey of a special bulletin on
tin mining in Alaska is opportune.
It is noteworthy, too, that speci
mens of stream tin were collected
by Survey geologists in Alaska in
1900, before this metal was known
to occur in the Territory. Soon
after that time prospecting for
stream tin became active, and
two years later a commercial pro
duction of tin ore was made. '
The Survey was also closelv
identified with the finding of lode
deposits of tin. In 1903 two
prospectors brought to Survey
geologists in Alaska some speci
mens of float from Lost River
which they thought might be tin
ore. All the specimens but one
were worthless. From this one
the geologists obtained tin bv
smelting it in a teacup in their
cookstove, after which both the
geologists and the prospectors
went to Lost River and discovered
a vein of lode tin. This lode on
Lost River has since been ex
tensively mined. Some of the
Alaska tin ore has been reduced
at Seattle, Wash., within the last
two years.
The report just issued presents
a review of other work by the
Geological Survey and the re
examination of the more import-
ant tin deposits by Geologist
Panama-Pacific Exposition
Is the Most Wonderful
The Most Beautiful
The Most Important in History
It is artistic, it is symetrical, it is world wide, it
is complete.
Only three months more will it be opened. No in
telligent person can aiTord to miss the opportunity
of visiting this exposition.
Low Round Trip Fares to San Francisco
on sale daily from all points
(
If you contemplate a trip East you can travel
through California in one direction at small addi
tional expense.
10 Days at San Francisco
and
10 Days at Lot Angeles
and 10 days at El Paso are allowed on all tickets
to the East reading over the
SOUTHERN PACIFIC
Let our nearest A (rent outline 1 trip for you. Our foldere "Way.
Bide Notee" and "California Expositions" will be of interest
They are free.
John M. Scott, General Passenger Agent, Portland, Oregon
ion
) c
hoc
If You Buy Before Getting
Our Prices We Both Lose
We are in position to furnish you first
class material as follows:
Lumber, Shingles, Doors and
Windows, Mouldings, Lath,
Lime, Plaster, Cement, Brick,
Sawed and Split Cedar Posts,
Slabwood, Wall Board.
Also a large assortment of
Screen Doors, Window
Screens, Window Weights
and Cord.
Willamette Valley Lumber Co.
Phone Main 202. - Monmouth, Oregon
Livery and Feed Stable
G. W. SULLIVAN, Proprietor.
Rigs to Let and horses for Hire
All Kinds of Transferring Done Promptly
and on Short Notice
Monmouth,
Oregon
Henry M. Eakin.
The total tin production for the
period 1902-1914 amounted to 526
tons of metallic tin. valued at
$380,000. The Alaskan tin ores
have heretofore been shipped for
reduction to Swansea (Wales)
and Singapore. A copy of the
report (Bulletin 622-B) may be
obtained on application to the
Director, United States Oeolno-i.
cal Survey, Washington, D. C.
Dr. M. J. Butler
DENTIST
Everything New
Over the Post Office
Phone ;
, Monmouth, Oregon
Office 3304
Residence 3211
W. F. SCOTT
Contractor and Builder
All kinds of Carpentering and Re
pair work neatly done.
Let me figure with you on that ne
building youare going to have built
Himes Engineering Co.
Surveying and Platting
Estimates furnished on Drainage
and Irrigation Work.
Phone 502. Dallas, Ore.
B. F. SWOPE,
Attorney at Law and Notary
Public. , ,
Home Phone:
Office, No. 1320,
Residence, No. 312.
1 Office In Cooper building,
Independence, - OreSofl