The Herald D. E. ST1TT, Editor. EnUrl u Hdond-du iMtur Sntmbr 1. t tb post effiot at Monmnitb, Urqcon. under tb Act of Much 1 17. IMfED EVERY FRIDAY Subscription Ratei One year - . $1.50 Six month - - 75 cU Three month - - 50 cU Monmouth, Oregon. FRIDAY, SEPT. 10, 1915. As it Was in the Beginning It is a commonplace tq ay that the war has been full of surprises. Among these, none has been more striking than the reversion to early and long abandoned forms and practices of warfare. We ell remember the predic tion, based upon th operations of the Uoer War, that because of the range and accuracy of the rille tire, frontal attacks in mussed formation Vould no long er be made; that the advance would be made in widely extend ed order and that the decisive tactics would consist almost en tirely of Hanking or .turning movements. It was predicted furthermore that the tactical ne cessity of fighting at long range would lead to the abandonment of the bayonet and that rarely, if ever, would the combatants commingle in hand to hand fighting, All of which apparently well founded predictions have been falsified by the event. For nigh upon twelve months some four millions of men have been facing each other upon a battle , line several hundred miles in length and in such close contact that a rush of less than one hundred yards has been sufli cient to precipitate the bloodiest hand to hand struggle with bayonet and hand-grenade. And the mention of the hand grenade brings us down to our text; for this is but one of sev eral medieval and ancient forms of lighting which the exigencies of the present war have revived and established firmly as part of the tactics of modern warfare. The fundamental cause of all this is to be found in the extra ordinary development of trench or what might be called field siege warfare. The hand-grenade formed in early days an import ant weapon of attack in the as sault on permanent fortifications and so ellicient was this weapon that special bodies of men were trained in its use and carried the name of grenadiers. Where the weight of the bombs or the distance to be covered demands it, recourse has been had to the catapult, a device which is as old as the recorded history of warfare it self. In the poison gases, so-called, of the Germans we recognize at least in principle the ''stinkpot" of the Chinese and the "Greek fire" of the ancients. Only recently in our columns we illustrated a steel helmet that has been introduced among the French troops which is strongly reminiscent of the medieval casque; aud a further revival of medieval warfare is to be found! in the use of steel breastplates' and of movable shields pushed forward in advance of the at- tacking troops. That the use of armor in siege warfare, such as that which has betli carried on in France, is likely to be extended, is suggest- jedina dispatch from London to the Associated Press, which says that the value of a light protective armor is attested iu several recent articles iu the British medical journals Ac cording to the New York Time? Doctor Devraigne, a French army surgeon, who discusses in the Lancet the result of "bis ! tests of the new French helmet, gives it his unqualified endorse ment. He says that the soldier who wears a' helmet escapes light wounds of the head, and even wounds that would in ordi nary circumstances have been severe, have been greatly miti gated. The helmet frequently turns off the bullet, and in other cases dents or stops it, and even when the helmet is perforated, it checks the velocity of the bullet so that hair and dirt are not driven into the tissues of the head. Lastly, the return to primitive methods of fighting is seen in a late report from 'the Italian campaign that thousands of the enemy have beeu killed and wounded by stones and rocks hurled upon them by the Italian mountain troops Scientific American. Why Is A Legidlature? Why is a legislature? The American people as a whole have not got to that question as yet, but the New York Times thinks it hears the whispering of something of the sort. It ap pears that the question has been actually asked in Arizona, and the New York paper experiences at least the suggestion of alarm over the jpossible pervasiveness of the idea that comes out of the West. Let us acknowledge the gyves of convention, and admit with out discussion that to ask that question now would be damnable heresy. Yet we may with in terest, if not with profit, turn to the consideration of certain facts regarding legislatures which the New York paper is moved to cite by reason of this irreverent Arizona query. It is the gist of those citations that some states have much more legislature than others. Georgia, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Rhode Island each have as much again as any other state in the Union except Alabama; and each four times as much as that state. In other words this Atlantic Coast group has annual sessions of the legislature; the other states biennial sessions, while Alabama manages to get along with a spasm of law mak ing every four years. If legislatures are as good in one state as in another; if, for 'example, the legislatures of Massachusetts average as good as those of Alabama and in the spirit of puritan pride and cul ture God forfend it should be otherwise ought not the land of the Pilgrim fathers have four times as good government as the "Land in Which We Rest?" Does it appear that Georgia is better governed than Minnesota, Kansas or Idaho? If one weie to put his finger on the state thai in its laws and government is truly representative of the most advauced democracy in this' country, would he stojhen be. ran down the list to New York,! or again at Pennsylvania? We have not yet got to the questiou: Why a legislature? Perhaps we are not even on the road to it; but we might consider the use and value of the legis lature from this quantitive view point, and from that there is no telling where the conclusions would lead. There is no ac-: counting for the irreverent in quisitiveness of the American mind. Telegram. Pendleton intends to score a big hit this year with its round up and has contracted to ship all the horses and cattle used at; the round-up to San Francisco where a five day's exhibit will, be put on October 17 to '23. Exposition visitors will have the , privilege of witnessing a real wild, Western show. ; The last year has lowered the price of automobiles very much. Iu some instances as much as twenty-five per cent. Many of the factories are using all their facilities in supplying European nations with auto trucks and munitions of war. When the war's demands cease there will be another reajustinent with the prospeet of prices going much lower. A crab apple is all right, and likewise a grape, but if either made pretention to anything else 'there would be trouble There is a difference in being and pretending. Which is the more agreeable, the vacation or the joy of com ing back? Last Monday was Labor Day and so far as our knowledge goes every body observed it by keeping at their usual occupation. Search for Tin in America In view of the interest in an adequate tin supply for the United States and the discussion of the smelting of Bolivian ore on the Atlantic seaboard, and possibly on Puget Sound' the publication by the United States Geological Survey of a special bulletin on tin mining in Alaska is opportune. It is noteworthy, too, that speci mens of stream tin were collected by Survey geologists in Alaska in 1900, before this metal was known to occur in the Territory. Soon after that time prospecting for stream tin became active, and two years later a commercial pro duction of tin ore was made. ' The Survey was also closelv identified with the finding of lode deposits of tin. In 1903 two prospectors brought to Survey geologists in Alaska some speci mens of float from Lost River which they thought might be tin ore. All the specimens but one were worthless. From this one the geologists obtained tin bv smelting it in a teacup in their cookstove, after which both the geologists and the prospectors went to Lost River and discovered a vein of lode tin. This lode on Lost River has since been ex tensively mined. Some of the Alaska tin ore has been reduced at Seattle, Wash., within the last two years. The report just issued presents a review of other work by the Geological Survey and the re examination of the more import- ant tin deposits by Geologist Panama-Pacific Exposition Is the Most Wonderful The Most Beautiful The Most Important in History It is artistic, it is symetrical, it is world wide, it is complete. Only three months more will it be opened. No in telligent person can aiTord to miss the opportunity of visiting this exposition. Low Round Trip Fares to San Francisco on sale daily from all points ( If you contemplate a trip East you can travel through California in one direction at small addi tional expense. 10 Days at San Francisco and 10 Days at Lot Angeles and 10 days at El Paso are allowed on all tickets to the East reading over the SOUTHERN PACIFIC Let our nearest A (rent outline 1 trip for you. Our foldere "Way. Bide Notee" and "California Expositions" will be of interest They are free. John M. Scott, General Passenger Agent, Portland, Oregon ion ) c hoc If You Buy Before Getting Our Prices We Both Lose We are in position to furnish you first class material as follows: Lumber, Shingles, Doors and Windows, Mouldings, Lath, Lime, Plaster, Cement, Brick, Sawed and Split Cedar Posts, Slabwood, Wall Board. Also a large assortment of Screen Doors, Window Screens, Window Weights and Cord. Willamette Valley Lumber Co. Phone Main 202. - Monmouth, Oregon Livery and Feed Stable G. W. SULLIVAN, Proprietor. Rigs to Let and horses for Hire All Kinds of Transferring Done Promptly and on Short Notice Monmouth, Oregon Henry M. Eakin. The total tin production for the period 1902-1914 amounted to 526 tons of metallic tin. valued at $380,000. The Alaskan tin ores have heretofore been shipped for reduction to Swansea (Wales) and Singapore. A copy of the report (Bulletin 622-B) may be obtained on application to the Director, United States Oeolno-i. cal Survey, Washington, D. C. Dr. M. J. Butler DENTIST Everything New Over the Post Office Phone ; , Monmouth, Oregon Office 3304 Residence 3211 W. F. SCOTT Contractor and Builder All kinds of Carpentering and Re pair work neatly done. Let me figure with you on that ne building youare going to have built Himes Engineering Co. Surveying and Platting Estimates furnished on Drainage and Irrigation Work. Phone 502. Dallas, Ore. B. F. SWOPE, Attorney at Law and Notary Public. , , Home Phone: Office, No. 1320, Residence, No. 312. 1 Office In Cooper building, Independence, - OreSofl