THE FOLK COUNTY OBSERVER, TUESDAY, JULY 7, 1914.
LIFE SAVING CRADLE.
Apparatus Designed For Carrying In
jured Persons Down a Ladder.
Invented, by the wife of a retired ad
miral of tbe United States navy, a little
cradle, or litter, la designed to enable
Injured or unconscious persons to be
brought safely out of buildings where
the only exit Is a ladder, says Popular
Mechanics. It was Invented primarily
for carrying sailors or soldiers from
battlefield or lighting place to the hos
pital, but Its adoption by Are compa
nies is rapidly demonstrating Its effi
ciency In the lines of peace. In mak
ing a rescue one fireman descends one
rung ahead of another, thus distribut
ing the load.
The cradle weighs but four and one
half pounds and makes a bundle only
eighteen inches long and less than five
inches in diameter. The cradle proper
consists of a double thickness of heavy
canvass three and one-half feet long
XiADDEll BESCUB FROM BUKNINO BUILDING!.
and eighteen inches wide. To each
end of a heavy canvas strip attached
across one end of the main sheet and
projecting ten inches at each side is a
patented catch, held flrmly in place
with a piece of stuut leather riveted
directly to the canvas strip. A har
ness of cauvns and leather is provided
for each of the two men who are to
use the appliance. Shoulder straps of
canvas four inches wide, with two
metal rings at each side, permit the
cradle to be hooked to the shoulder
harness.
Used as a litter, this device has prov
ed much more flexible than the stand
ard stretcher, which is of little use In
descending or ascending stairs where
sharp corners have to be turned. The
new apparatus leaves the hands free.
Hydraulic Mining.
The beginnings of hydraulic mining
Teach back into the realm of mythol
ogy. The story of Jason and the gold
en fleece has its origin in that Indus
try, for the Colchlnns, from whom Ja
son obtained the fleece, were groat
miners. They were of a country which
abounded In placer gold, and their
method of operation was to place a
sheep's hide with the wool on It in a
narrow brook and allow the water to
carry the gold bearing sand over it
The heavy gold sank Into the wool and
Was held there, while the lighter sand
and debris were washed away by the
water. The fleeces thus obtained were
valuable, and it Is supposed that they
were used In trade and so came into
the hands of the Greeks. Hydraulic
mining has not progressed much since
the time of .lason, the one essential
difference aside from mechanical im
provement being the present use of
mercury to assist In holding the water
borne particles of gold. Engineering
Magazine.
Electrical Copper Refining.
A plant laid out on a very extensive
basis for the leaching and electrolytic
precipitation of copper is being con
structed nt Chlqulcaniatn. Chile. The
ore body to he worked in tills vicinity
is Hi excess of am.OOO.WK) tons. The
first milt of the plant now in course of
erection bus been designed to treat
10,000 tons of ore per day. The refin
ery will have an output of about 335.
000 pounds of copper per day. Energy
for separating the copper from the ore
will be transmitted to the plant from n
Renerntlng slation on the coast over
eighty-live miles of line at lOWXX)
volts. Electrical World.
Withstands Great Heat.
It has been found by experiment that
when the impure forms of bauxite con
taining considerable Iron oxide are ex
posed to intense beat the bauxite is
converted Into a solid mass of emery
which is so hard that it can barely be
cut by steel tools and resists chemical,
thermal and mechanical action to a
marked degree. Itecent applications of
bauxite in brick, according to the Unit
ed States geological survey, are In the
lining of rotary cement kilns, lead re
fining furnaces and basic open hearth
steel furnaces.
Protection For Chisel Edges.
A means to protect the cutting edge
of a chisel when not In use is to wrap
a piece of medium heavy paper around
the chisel body to form a paper fer
rule. The paper is cut Into a strip
about one and a half Inches wide and
aiz inches long. One side Is glued,
and It is then wrapped around the
chisel. The protector Is slipped up on
the body when it Is In use. but when
placed In a chest the ferrule is brought
down over the edge.
Motorcar Hint.
An automobile can be driven a con
siderable distance by repeated fillings
of tbe carburetor float chamber when
a feed pipe breaks.
Loss of the Karluk
A Serious Blow to
Canadian Expedition.
THE 320 ton wooden whaler Kar
luk, flagship of the Canadian
government's arctic exploring
expedition, under command of
Vllhjalmur Stefausson, was crushed In
tbe Ice and sunk on Jan. 11, near Her
ald Island, northeast of Siberia.
The entire crew. Including a party
of scientists, excepting Captain Robert
A. Bnrtlett and one of his men, is now
on Wrangel Island, with a plentiful
supply of food and wood. Captain
Bartlett, accompanied by Sailor Perry
and some Eskimos, with a sledge and
seven dogs, made his way across the
ice to North Cape, Siberia, and then
proceeded overland to Whaler buy, Si
beria. There he was taken on board
the whaler Herman, which carried
him to SL Michael, where he now is,
and from which point information of
the Karluk's fate came by cable.
The expedition which Stefansson or
ganized and commanded was under
taken for more than geographical rea
sons. It was sent out by the Canadian
government not only to discover what
might be lying in the Arctic ocean to
tbe north of the Dominion, but also to
take formal possession as British ter
ritory of any Islands or even continents
which might still be unknown.
On the maps of today there is a vast
blank space stretching to the west of
Banks and Melville islands to the
north of Alaska and Siberia. To dis
cover what It might contain, to see If
there was any truth in the tradition
CAPTAIN BOBKBT BARTLETT AND TH
KARLUK.
that here was a mighty continent per
haps never jwt trodden by the foot of
men. the expedition went forth.
The whereabouts of the Karluk bad
been a mystery for months since the
time last September when after Ste
fausson had gone ashore on a land ex
ploring trip she was caught In the Ice
and drifted away. There bas been
much speculation over her fate. The
ship drifted for nearly four months
slowly drifted with the Ice in which
she was fast locked until finally the
water poured In the engine room down
the main hatch and the ship sank bow
first
Most of the provisions, scientific In
struments and Btores were placed on
the Ice before the ship took her down
ward plunge. Two houses were built
on the ice one of snow, tbe other of
boxes covered with sails. There was a
stove In each bouse, and plenty of coal
was saved. This camp was called
Camp Shipwreck and answered its pur
pose well until there was sufficient
light to begin the march and transpor
tation of stores to Wrangel Island,
about sixty miles away, which was
reached on Feb. 13 following and where
a camp was established.
Realizing the necessity for Immedi
ate relief. Captain Bartlett left on Feb.
18 for the Siberian shore. 100 mllea
away. The little party made Its way
through a succession of fierce gales.
and when it reached the mainland but
four of tbe dogs bad survived the trip.
Emma harbor was made In the middle
of May, after a remarkable march of
500 miles down and across tbe penin
sula to tbe shore of Bering strait, and
here Captain Bartlett was taken aboard
tbe whaler Herman, which made for
the American coast As there was too
much Ice to permit a landing at Nome,
the little party was finally landed at
St. Michael, Alaska.
On the Karluk when she was carried
away stuck fast In the Ice were twenty-four
persons besides Captain Bart
lett Among them were Dr. Henri
Beaucbat a French scientist who had
made a special study of the Eskimos;
Alister Forbes Mackay and James Slur
ray, who were companions of Shack
leton In his dash for the south pole:
Bjarno Mamene. tieorge Mallock and
Wlllinm Balrd McKinlay. as well as
five Eskimos.
The revenue cutter Bear, now bound
for I'nslaska to cut a way through the
kr for shipping bound for Nome, will
be ordered to the relief of the maroon
ed scientists and crew of the Karluk
as soon ns tbe cutter retches Nome.
co-yii.mt Ws$r
HOW SHIPS BREAK IN TWO.
Probable Cause of the Failure of the
Oklahoma's Hull.
Breaks In two of the bulls of vessels,
bile they have occurred before, have
been rare enough so that the recent
disaster to the new oil tank steamei
Oklahoma Is of especial Interest to
vessel designers, says the Engineering
News. According to tbe story told by
one of tbe surviving members of tbe
crew, tbe break in two occurred "when
tbe vessel was picked up at either end
by giant waves. While she bung thus
suspendud a third great comber wash
ed high over her side and settled with
a deafening crash on ber deck."
What most probably happened is
that tbe break In two occurred when
the vessel amidships was raised high
on tbe top of a wave, while the stern
and bow were In tbe trough on either
side. This would place the vessel's
bottom in compression and the top
deck sides of the hull In tension. A
ship's bull is weakest to resist a bend
ing stress under these conditions, since
its bottom plating is heavier than Its
deck plating and the latter Is cut away
for hatch openings- Tbe stresses were
a maximum also because tbe vessel was
not loaded. Under these conditions the
principal weight of the hull is that ol
the engines and boilers In the after
end, and the ballast in tbe tanks at
tbe bow to keep tbe vessel on an even
keel. With the load thus concentrated
at tbe two ends of tbe bull and the
central portion empty, tbe bending of
the hull produced by a wave lifting the
vessel amidships would be a maximum.
Similar cases of hull failures on the
great lakes a dozen years or more ago
resulted in an increase In tbe required
thickness of the hulls of lake vessels.
The wreck of the Oklahoma will prob
ably bave a distinct Influence on the
design of ocean tank vessels.
WHY A CHAIN BREAKS.
Scientist Explains the Strengthening
Aotion of Annealing.
What happens to a chain in use that
allows It to break under a certain load
which it will safely carry after being
annealed? The reply given offhand to
the satisfaction of most people Is, "It
crystallizes." Has any one stopped to
question if this be true? Break the
chain link: that particular link at that
particular place has a surface that
looks crystallized. But is that particu
lar link crystallized in any other part?
I have never seen one that showed
crystallization in any other place, says
a writer In tbe American Machinist
and the only explanation 1 have heard
was that of John Coffin, and his claim
was that the link does not crystallize,
but breaks In detail that is to say, It
starts a crack either where It Is weak
est or when it is subject to the great
est stress, and repeated stresses carry
the crack farther ftnd farther until
complete rupture results. If we accept
this as true, then what takes place,
or what does annealing do?
John CoUin explained and demon
strated before the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers that If two
pleceB of steel which are perfectly fit
ted together be heated to a red heat
they will weld together. Now may not
this explain what happens when the
chain Is annealed? The cracks In tbe
links must of necessity go In to a point
where the metal has actually parted
but not opened so as to admit moisture
to oxidize tbe surfaces, and then when
heated to the annealing point the crack
welds up.
Tooth Making Machine.
Two engineers of Prague have In
vented an apparatus for the casting
from metals of artificial teeth, which
It is claimed eliminates all defects
heretofore found In other machines In
use for the manufacture of such teeth.
The machines now generally employed
are of two kinds. One of these Is tbe
press, which forces the metal Into the
form mechanically, but It is subject to
the criticism that the pressure cannot
be applied vertically, which often re
sults in a sputtering of the molten
mass. The other, the centrifugal ap
paratus, excludes the possibility of the
application of a regulated power. The
invention In question, it is clafmed,
obviates all difficulties heretofore ex
perienced In the manufacture of such
artificial teeth. The pressure on the
form Is always exerted vertically, and,
the force being regulated automatically,
it does not In any degree depend upon
the skill of tbe operator nor upon tbe
degree of force applied by bim.
Device Prevents 8hopllfting.
A sliding bar safety stand for dis
playing Jewelry and fancy goods in
stores that is designed to prevent shop
lifting has been Invented by tbe chief
decorator of one of tbe big New York
department stores. The device re
sembles the ordinary "T" stand, ex
cepting tbat It has a sliding bar with
ball stops placed at suitable distances
over the main crossbar. The fixture
can be opened at either end to enable
the sales person to remove easily any
of the articles displayed. Its safety
features He In tbe fact that only one
end can be opened at a time and that
two hands are necessary to operate
the device.
Applying Calcimine Evenly.
When applying calcimine, alabasttne
or paint If It Is to be rubbed down,
put on the different layers at right
angles. The first coat, when dry. is
composed of fine ridges of color. When
the second coat Is applied these ridges
hold the color between them, thereby
causing the surface to be covered even
ly and thoroughly.
Preserving Metal Posts.
The part of a metal post that is set
in the ground may be kept from mat
ing by painting It over witb a coat of
cement
ALBANIA'S SHAKY THRONE.
Prince W'Hiam Willing to Abdioate
and Arouses German Wrath.
Prince Wlllinm of Albania, formerly
William of Wied, is having a difficult
time In trying to bold down bis very
shaky throne. It is said that be is quite
willing to abdicate, for tbe disturb
ances that bave arisen are not at all to
his liking. The fact tbat be took refuge
on an Italian warship when threatened
by rebellious subjects bas awakened
the ire of Germany. William was but
lately a major of tbe Potsdam lancers.
He is openly accused In Germany of
revealing a "streak of yellow," which
bas not only damaged bis own pres
tige, but bas shamefully besmirched
the reputation of the German army for
bravery. William bas abandoned the
outward forms of royalty and has
PRINCB WILLIAM OF ALBANIA ANT HIS
FAMILY.
been practically a prisoner in Albania.
The insurgents demand his abdication
and the substitution of a .Moslem ruler.
Almost Insuperable obstacles have
stood, in the opinion of practiced ob
servers. In the way of evolving a state
out of Albania. The race Is divided Into
three large factions by adherence to
the Mohammedan, Catholic and Ortho
dox religions, and there Is- a further
tribal and clannish subdivision, with
blood feuds In full force and little pow
er of cohesion In a language scarcely
reducible to writing. Consequently
Prince William Is not in love with bis
Job. one which was practically forced
upon him by the powers that are try
ing to create a state out of opposing
factions that refuse to coalesce and
over whom the unhappy prince has
practically no control.
PLANNING ALASKA RAILWAY.
Engineers Appointed by President
Start For the Field of Their Lahore.
William C. Edes and. Lieutenant
Frederick Mears, U. S, A., appointed
by President Wilson, as members of
tbe Alaskan railroad commission, have
sailed from Seattle for Alaska, where
they will map out the preliminary
work. Both engineers were appointed
by the president at the suggestion of
Secretary Lane.
It is pretty well known that Colonel
George W. Goetbnls. governor of tbe
Pbotoa by American Prwa Aeaoclatton.
tnvuu c. EPF (arovki axd lisuiuiant
rKKDKUK'K UEABS.
Panama canal, was Mr. Lane's adviser i
In tbe matter of apimintments to tbe
work in Alaska. Colonel Goethals j
seemed to think that It would be wise
to have a civilian make tbe preliml :
nary survey and that later. If neres
sary. the work should ! turned over (
to the army endn.r t'olonel Gfie
tlialu requested the appointment of ttw
rnuns cavalry otlirer. M-ar. to tin- ,
work In Alaska. Lieutenant Mears bas
been chief eniineer nut neutral super
loiendent of the Panama railroad.
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Some Trite Facts About
Dallas
Dallas has two planing mills and
wood working factories, also an iron
works and machine shop.
Dallas is a trade center for a vist
surrounding territory.
Dallas lias nine religious organi
zations, with seven edifices of wor
ship. Dallas has a modern sewer system,
touching all sections of the city.
Dallas has many beautiful and
costly homes. And the number is on
the increase.
Dallas has an active Commercial
club and a Woman's club constantly
working for the material interests of
the community.
Dallas is the starting point for the
hunting and fishing grounds. Deer,
grouse, pheasants and quail are hero,
while au occasional cougar or wild
cat is found. Speckled beauties
abound in the streams.
Dallas enjoys die reputation of be
ing a clean town, with a good moral
atmosphere.
Dallas has a $15,000 armory,' large
ami well equipped.
Dallas has a sawmill cutting over
15,000.000 feet per annum, and fur
nishing steady employment to 175
workmen.
Dallas is a ready market at good
prices for evertyhing raised on the
farm. The local demand is greater
than the supply.
Dallas lias a volunteer hre depart
ment that lights the destroying cle
ment like old-timers.
Dallas probably handles more mo
hair than any other town in the state.
Angora goats make money for .their
owners.
Dallas lias two substantial financial
institutions, occupying modern brick
blocks.
Dallas has large tracts of standing
timber tributary to it, clotted here ami
there with sawmill's of the smaller
class.
Ikillas is picturesquely situated on
the LaCieole river, and has o happy
and contented population of about
3.0(h). 00 per cent American.
Dallas lias some knockers; but,
thank the Lord, they are in the min
ority. Dallas has good transportation fa-
cilitics, both passenger and freight.
FOR INFORMATION ABOUT DA LLAS, OR POLK COUNTY,
DRESS SECKETAR? COMMERCIAL CLUB, DALLAS, OREGON.
ThePaperThatGets
Results
Is the one read by a people who
want the news while it is news.
When subscribers anxiously
await the arrival of the home
newspaper it is a sure indication
that that paper is read. You read
the Observer from first to last
page, because it is chock full of
interesting local news matters
in which you are directly inter
ested. Others do the same. They
read your advertisement if you
have one with as much interest
as any other feature, because it
is artistically displayed by men
who are adepts in this line.
THE POLK COUNTY OBSERVER
DALLAS, OREGON
The Home PaperRead By People Who Buy
Try An Observer Want Ad
In a Nut-Shell
Dallas is the county seat of Polk
county, and here is a handsome $40,
000 court-house of Oregon stone.
Dallas has a $50,000 High school
building, and two modern ward
school buildings.
Dallas has hard-surface streets
throughout the business district, and
many miles of concrete sidewalks.
Dallas has a gravity water system
pure mountain water from the hills
miles away.
Dallas has a packing plant, handling
upwards of 3,500,000 pounds of prunes
annually.
Dallas' manufacturing institutions
distribute approximately $200,000 an
nually among its 300 employes.
Dallas is free from malaria, ague or
dangerous epidemics. Death finds its
victims principally in old age.
Dallas is tiio home of the Polk
comity fair.
Dallas has a Southern Pacific ma
chine shop, where about 50 persons
are employed-
Dnllas has a modern, and thorough
ly equipped hospital.
Dallas has a $10,000 public library
and reading room.
Dallas has a creamery that takes
every available ounce of eream at
top prices.
Dallas' rainfall averages 45 inches
per annum. No zero weather.
Dallas' public schools are on the
accredited list wiMi all state univer
sities. Dallas has a men's socio:! elub occu
pying well appointed rooms, and this
is but one of several similar organi
zations. Dallas' section is rapidly developing
the dairy industry. There are sever
al registered herds, and more com
ing. Dallas has a sportsmen's organiza
tion, the Nesmitli Rod and Sun club.
Dallas has nearly all the fraternal
orders extant; few are lacking.
Dallas is supported by people who
are making money," and consequently
have money to spend. One cannot
distinguish the city chap from his
country cousin.
Dallas has tributary bottom lands
as productive as any in the world,
with the exception of those along the
Nile.
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