TOPICS OF
THE TIMES.
Self-reliance In the name we give to
llic egotism of tho mnn who succeeds.
A bml memory In what keeps us
from forgetting tlilncn we want to.
Itulldlng n linttleshlp la easy ns com
pared with tlic work of keeping It In
repair.
Schwab got Sf,000,000 nnd paresis,
ft would be money In Ills pocket to
I ilsc tliem both.
Maybe the prophets received with
utoiics In their own country were
weather prophets.
That open door In Manchuria will
wear tint Its hinges presently opening
Hid shutting so much.
The ago walls, nnd with vast Impa
tience, for the crowning blessing, that
of a Jawless mother-in-law.
The man who growls nround the
whole blessed time ought to bo made
to wear a dog tag and pay license, too.
It Is easier to save a soul tlmu to
keep It saved, says Itev. Mr. Cnindall.
and most of us will agree with him.
A man's choice for a nomination Is
neter absolutely hopeless until his
friends begin to Insist that he Is the
logical candidate.
The speed of the Kcarsarge, It
should be emphasized. Is Intended for
Retting after, not getting away from
possible enemies.
When a cannibal tells his wife he Is
going to nsk the missionary In for din
ner It means one of two things he la
being converted, or he Isn't.
A london man has refused to be
knighted by King Edward. Evidently
be doesn't know of any rich American
girl that he wants to marry.
Some people get so Interested read
ing articles on how to be healthy and
beautiful that they never have time
to take the exercise advised.
The rumor that the Khan of Tartary
was assassinated was an error. Hut
a man with a khan opener was cap
tured In the palnce before he could
accomplish bis design.
Some scientist has advanced the the
ory that kissing Is a cure for hysteria.
There Is likely to be one trouble with
this kind of a cure, and that Is to al
ways find the proper klssee.
The risks of novel writing Increase.
A bca-captaln tins sued a publishing
II rm for $10,000 because the name of
the ship In which a. captain behaves
In a cowardly fashion Is the same as
his own.
England complains that we have
seized some of her Islands. But we
Lave not. It Is merely an exchange.
We gave her William Waldorf Astor,
xnd surely he Is worth more than any
little bunch of Islands.
An enterprising digger-up of prehis
toric cities has found old King Mena's
battle ax right where the cook was
using It to chop up the lower cellar
stair to get kindling wood for the laun
dry stove four thousand years ago.
A German editor Is being prosecuted
for lese-majeste because he printed the
fact that King Ueorge of Saxony con
tributed three marks to the relief of
a widow with five children. Like out
own Uncle Itussell Sage, his Saxon
raajestly evidently does good by
stealth and blushes to have It known.
President Diaz of Mexico has been
nominated for another term of four
years, and will be elected, as on the
tlx previous occasions when he was
a candidate. Mexico has needed Just
such an autocratic ruler as President
Diaz has been. lie Is an old man now.
and be Is said to desire an amendment
to the constitution providing for a vice
prtsldent, so that It be should die In
ulflce a man would be on hand to take
bis place.
A preacher came at a newspaper
man In this way: "You editors do not
tell the truth. If you did you could
not live; your newspaper would bo a
failure." The editor replied: "Vou
are right, and the minister who will
at all times and under all circum
stances tell the whole truth about his
members, ullve or dead, will not oc
cupy bis pulpit more than one Sun
tluy, nnd then be Will Hud It ueces
nary to leave town in a hurry. Tho
press nnd the pulpit go band lu hand,
with whitewash brushes and pleasant
words magnifying little virtues Into
big ones. The pulpit, the pen and the
gravestone are the great saint-making
triumvirate." And the great minister
went nwny looking very thoughtful,
while the editor turned to his work
11 nd told of the surpassing beauty of
the bride, while In fact she was oh
Iiomely as a mud fence.
Tho' national bankruptcy law, with
the amendments made by Congress at
the last session, lias now had time to
prove Its value as n working Instru
ment, aud It Is the opinion of the spe
cial officer of the Department of Jus
tice, In charge of this service, that us
u result of Its operation there will bo
a decrease In tho number of voluntary
petitions In bankruptcy In the future.
In fact, this prediction Is supported by
the returns of tho Federal courts for
tho six mouths ending the first of last
April. This decreaso Is likely to be
-mphnslzed from now on unless there
nhould bo a panic or a period of un
usual business depression. Of course
thcro are reasons for this and ono of
them Is that hi accordance with one of
' the amendments referred to n person
mny not bo adjudged n bankrupt If
within six years bo has received a dls-s-linrgo
upon a voluntary petition In
bankruptcy. This Is a marked dls-
couragement to that class of men who J
make bankruptcy a factor of their
business calculations. It compels can-1
tlon and handicaps dishonesty. It will I
bo remembered that another amend
inent reversed the order of the original
Mil whereby creditors who had re
reived payments on account were re-1
quired to surrender these amounts be
fore they were permitted to prove the1
balance of their claims. This frequent- j
ly caused confusion and embarrass
ment. Now. when a payment on ite-'
count lins been honestly received with
out knowledge of the debtor's Insolv
ency. It can be retained without affect
ing the creditor's rights to an equnl
share With other creditors. The nuns- i
ure seems to lie at least reduced to a ,
practical working basis which will ben
efit legitimate business generally.
A tine old phrase, which under the
new methods In tdiicntljn has fallen
Into disrepute. Is that of learning "by
heart." Half a century ago learning by
heart was the chief feature of the or-
umnr scuoui course, upus icarucu
their English aud Latin gtammars by
heart; they committed to memory
whole pages of history and geography,
long lessons In natural philosophy aud
endless passages from the English
classics. Above all. they learned,
word for word, chapters, and some
times Iwoks, from the Old and New
Testaments. Doubtless In those days
many a pupil with a facile memory
lipped through his course, or let It
si p through him, and gained little In
mental tiber aud lower. Yet, after
all. there are few better possessions
than something of the world's best
treasure of wisdom or beauty learned
by heart. One of our greatest natural
ists was compelled In bis boyhood to
commit to memory the entire New
Testament and a large part of the old.
Without that early training he would
i:oi hate gained the clear aud vlgorout
aud beautiful style by means of which
he has been able to open the eyes of
others to the wonders of nature. There
Is no such model of style as the old
liook of our fathers. I.ucy Larcoui.
enjoying to her last days the verses
learned In her window-seat library In
the milt; Madam Wlllard. (lading de
light In her eightieth year lu tho
treasures committed to memory In her
girlhood; Whlttler, cheering sleepiest
nights with the rich stores of his mem
ory these and hundreds of others
bear witness to the value of wisdom
learned by heart. Out It must be by
heart. The treasure must be used and
loved and cared for, not put Into stor
age and forgotten. So used and loved.
the words of the masters reveal deep
er meanings as .the years go by. They
becomeenrlclied to us by a thousand
associations days of gladness or sor
row to which they have ministered,
times of trouble or daugfr In which
they have stood as beacon lights. They
have become part of the very fiber of
our lives. Not only have they given
us wisJom nnd couns.l and delight,
but also something, nt least, of the cul
ture of a high friendship. I
A "JACK TilfTlAIR CLIPPER."
nt-AInS IIE.NDEBSO.X.
In Chicago a man halr-cllpper Is
terrorizing girls. He followed Gladys
Henderson, 12. shouted. "I wanted that
hair," drew a pair of shears, clipped
away her tress and ran nway.
HufTer from Parasites.
All animals, both great aud small,
suffer as severely as mammals In the
matter of parasites, according to Les
lie's Monthly. The parasite of the os
trich Is a formidable looking example.
The most Interesting of the pigeon's
parasites Is the one known as the
slender pigeon louse, which Is sup
posed to do good service to the bird
by thinning Its budy plumage as the
weather grows hot. Fish also have
parasites. The legs of one variety
which Inhabits the carp and pike are
attached to the posterior part of Its
anatomy and constitute puddles by
means of which the organism can
change Its host nnd depart to pay Its
attention to another fish.
Two dark niots In the forepart of
the creature represent the first pair of
legs, which have been converted Into
suckers, by means of which the or
ganism retains hold of Its lio-it. There
Is good reason to believe that this
"pike louse" Is not n parasite torment,
but rather a desired attendant. In all
piobablllty It derives Its nourishment
from the mucous products secrettd by
the skin of the tlsh. And when it has
satisfactorily arranged the toilet of
one fish It abandons It for another
which needs Its help.
Ancient Hubstiiuio for Anuestliellci.
A Dutch physician recently made a
dltcovery while traveling In Java. He
chanced to stop one day at Kouraboya,
where the Javanese maintain a large
hospital for prisoners. His attention
was drawn to the fact that In the
treatment of such cns us necessitat
ed an anaesthetic the native doctor
did not resort to u drug, but Instead
they were manifestly ifduclng their
patient to a condition of stupor by
cjinpresslng tho curtold artery with
their lingers. The Dutch physician
was so much Impressed with this
primitive method of rendering tho pa
tient at least partially luseuslblo to
pain that be made a careful study of
It. He discovered that this method of
anaesthesia, although unknown In
modern surgery, was In all probability
In vogue among the ancients.
Women may be outspoken, but tb
are never out-talked.
His J
OPINIONS OF GREAT PAPERS ON IMPORTANT SUBJECTS
Tho Rest Cure.
K1 Kit work comes rest. When they Alternate
perfectly a man may prepare to enjoy real hap
piness. When they alternate perfectly a man
will enjoy both the work and the rest that
follows it.
Nature Is a Just old lady. She seldom gives
A
a nun moie than he needs. If he elects to live a lasy life
she lets tils muscles cet tl.nhhv and bis brain so Sleenv. She
; ncvor terilt him to long possess a faculty or a nerve or a
, m,ei. or m.- tlmt lu. ,i0,., ,
xh(, wny lH k,.,,1, your lml. or your ,,,
,0 , .oln ,, u,t ,. )POtM). ,- wUu frr!(ll
,ln,Iy, Nn,,lri, , avslst.-d In this work by rest. One may
,.,m,m.,9 i,r ,,ki,. a ehinco In
becomes a recreation re-creation.
To live happily In this world It Is not enough to know
how to work; a man must also know how to rest. The
man who knows only how to work will soon wear out. If
he doesu't wear out Immediately his work will aufferln some
way. No man can do his nest wxira
It with a little play or a little rest.
A man who can't drop his work from
lly as he can drop his tools from his hands had belter take
a few weeks on to study the rest tiuestkn. His nerves are
not what they should bo.
If a man wishes to keep his nerve
Pittsburg Dispatch.
Education.
""J Dl'CATION Is good for
who accept It simply ns .iitelloctu.il enlighten
ment and as a means of !. ellectu.il pleasure.
Hut education has an economical as well as
.111 Intellectual aspect. It gives a man or worn-
UJan nppetltrs as well a pleasures. It creates in
the Individual a need and desire for brain work nnd a dls
taste for manual labor. It nrotie a
and social position that only wealth
men and womn Into those few occupations which soclnl
prejudice Io.it os open to educated persons. There Is no
room In these professions for the crowd. Consequently, n
multitude of the less competent among college graduates
fall lu their work aud become dissatisfied.
It would be well If the hlgliei education were confined
to those only who through superloi powers of mind seem
fitted for It and give promise of being nhle to employ It
In the Intellectual professions. Every graduating class at
every university contains a large percentage of students
who barely pass the teste and who
tude for Intellectual occupation. These
the market with lofty Ideas and Insufficient ability to back
them up. Education to them Is a curse
Ing. It makes them take up work nt
succeed, and despise and shun work
them. Even If they tlnd out their mistake after leaving
college. It Is commonly too late to mend. The years In
which they might have been learning n trade or it business
are gone. They cm dc everything in
In particular: and the man that succeeds to-day Is the one
who can do something In particular aud d It especially
well. San Francisco llulletln
forest Fires.
-T- t .t I .l t.w . I ... T T ..
1 nient of Agriculture. In Its
0 that the annual loss from
I UK H
JjJ2.VO0O.iiOO. The probabilities are that the
mm
present year win snow
reaching netirly or quite
Last year, within two weeks, over
timber and property was destroyed by forest tires lu the
two States of Oregon and Washington alone. This year
the loss from fires lu the Adirondack region reached cer
tainly $10,000,000. and prolmbly much more. The Ilureau of
Forestry has recently undertaken a thorough study of tin
Are problem, hoping to show that these terrible losses nre
not Inevitable. The whole country has beeu divided Into
districts, and these have been assigned to Investigating
FAMOUS WESTERN CHARACTER.
"Calamity Jane," Noted Wnmsn fcout,
Who Heceiitlr Died.
"Calamity Jane" Is dead. She was
a border character whose exploits
have furnlhed material around which
the novelist has woven Western ro
mance. She Is said to have Inspired
I) ret Harte to write his popular story,
"The Luck of Itonrlng Camp." In
which she Is alleged to have been the
original of the character of Cherokee
Sal. She bore the scars of a dozen
bullets, received principally In encoun
ters with the Indians.
"Calamity Jane" was born In 1853
In Princeton, Mo. Her father, J. Can
nary, went to the gold Holds of Mon
tana In IK', nnd during the live
months' trip overland his daughter,
whoso name was Martha, became an
expert rllle shot and a daring rider.
In 1870 she donned tho attlro of a
cowboy and Joined the forces of ticn
erul Custer nB 11 scout. She was chris
tened "Calamity Jano" by Captain
Eugun, of tho United States Army,
whoso life she saved by killing an In
dian nt fiooso Creek, 8. D In 1872.
Captain Eugiiu Informed her that she
was a good person to huvo around In
time of calamity and ho christened her
"Calamity June, the hcrolno of the
plains."
During her career as scout "Calam
ity Juuo" took part In muny engage
ments with the Indians and figured
lu a number of thrilling adventures.
Sho fought In the campaign against
tho Nez Perccs Indians lu 1873, ac
companied General Crook to the Iilack
"CALAMITY JANE."
'UJ
libor.
Labor thus
unless lie alternate
his mind as read
let hi 111 avoid nerves,
tiro of a sorely
stop to It nil. and
In- attended to. 110
nnd wear and tear,
go on without him.
any man or woman
wish for InxurlesJ
can bring. It drives
abundant room for
have no natural aptl
are dumped upon
Instead of a bless
which they cannot
for which Hod made
general, but nothing
ment In opposition
funeral
Ml end.
stances.
lo any goes!
M rt.l C , .. T .
ly objectionable,
funeral servleei
Hurt all of Forestry.
forest tires Is above
an exceptional loss
double those llgures
$12,000,000 worth of
ington Post.
Hills, where the Sioux were threaten
ing. In 1S75. and was with Custer.
Miles and Terry In the Illg Horn coun
try In 1870. In this camiialgn she per
formed the perilous feat of carrying
dispatches through a hostile country.
Exirosure brought on pneumonia nnd
she was grunted n furlough, which un
doubtedly saved her life, ns not long
nfterwnrd occurred the Custer mas
sacre on the Little Illg Horn.
In 1878 she . wait honorably ills
charged from the army and had since
wandered from place to place In the
West. She was married to Clinton
rturk nt El Paso In 1881 nnd they had
one daughter. Her husband died In
lasq. "Calamity Jane's" death occur
red In Dendwood.
WHY THEY GROW OLD.
Interests Are Ton Nnrrow Need for
Jlrnn'l Activities.
Women who grow old most quickly
are those whose Interests are the nar
rowest. Those who stay young longisi
are those whose minds and spirits are
fed by action and by changing Impris
slons. Those who are youngest nt .10
are the most Intelligent. Climate help
In the temperate zone, but that climate
does little, without customs, Is shown
In the face of the blighted American
woman who at 2.1 looks older than In r
fre-e and enlightened compatriot at -10.
One of the reasons thnt iiinn has
grown older later than woman Is that
he has had n more free and active
role to play. One of the reasons that
married women were formerly the
only ones who had a chance of escap
ing early age was that when the un
married passed n certain stage she
was laid upon the shelf, mid the shelf
Is a poor place for any human plant
to retain Its sap nnd foliage. Another
foreign visitor, this time an Italian,
comes forward to congiatulale Amer
ica on the happy aspects of her youth.
Late mnrrlnge, which Is so often re
gretted by conventional philosophers
among us, seems to this Italian edu
cator the result not only of a healthy
sense of responsibility, but of the abil
ity of our women to remain young
longer than Is posslblo In some older
nations. In this secret of extending
woman's youth through some addi
tional lusters, our foreign visitor finds
the secret of our good fortune1. "Some
lusters" Is n long time. It can hardly
uie-nn less than fifteen years, nnd yet
It does not seem exaggerated. Tills ex
tension of woman's youth Is obtained
partly by exercise and diet, but far
more by widened opportunity, by
work, by abundance of life. Tho wny
to live long Is to live much, and one
of tho wisest things young America
has done Is to throw open the doors
of opportunity and of lasting youth to
womankind. Collier's Weekly.
What has become of the old-fashioned
woman who made marble cake?
m
7- "TOD IfkScieiicel
itgents. These ageuls will study the local dangers as well
as general danger, and at the same time will co-operate
with the Warden Systems of the Slates nnd the railroad
protective systems. As soon as each section Is thoroughly
studied, aud the problem well understood, the bureau will
suggest forest-lire legislation requisite to the ease In hand.
At the same time the bureau Is prepared to co operate with
large owners of tree lauds to establish economic methods
of forest cutting and forest growing. New York Independent.
11m Poco Hint Kills.
CCOItDINt! to paragraphs that appear from
time to time lu the papers, sometimes hacked
up by more or less elaborate statistics, heart
disease and paralysis ntv Increasingly preva
lent and fatal. It Is not to be wondered nt.
This Is a strenuous age, so strenuous that men
are hurried along with lis rapid current at so torrtllc a
speed and with sueli constant application to work Hint
body and mind nre taxed beyond their powers of endur
ance. Our grandfathers, nay, even our fathers, knew
nothing of the stress of life as we feel It, who are engaged
In Its dire struggle to day. No wonder that often the rup
ture of an engorged blood vessel In the brain, or the fall
taxisl valve In the In-art. suddenly puts a
the man who thought that business must
matter nt how great a cost of hurry
finds smile duv thai liuslin-ss Ims In1
There arc physical sins as well as
spiritual sins, and many men ruin their bodies, who would
not dtxn in of doing damage to their souls. The plea of
necessity Is not a valid one either, for no man Is compelled
to sin against either his body or his soul. And yet. as wo
said Just now. In this strenuous nge It Is no wonder that
heart disease aud paralysis are on the Increase. Men
rush and drop. Other men rush (Mist them n little farther -and
drop In their turn. It would le better to slacken the
pace, and hold out longer. We should get more done, and
do It better. Christian (iuanllnn.
Reforming funerals).
HAT there Is great need of reform In funeral
ceremonials Is undeniable. While It Is true that
some of the costly excesses of earlier dnys, es
pecially the endless procession of carriages that
used to block street crossings and Interrupt all
travel, have twen abandoned, there yet remains
the hand of the Judicious reformer to
work beneficently. This, at any rate. Is the opinion of the
Atlanta Evangelical Ministers' Association, and that liody
of clergymen Is trying to do work on the reform line.
What they propose Is thus summarized:
"That funeral sermons and orations lie discarded: that
there be no eulogy of the dead, except In extraordinary
cases; that there be less extravagance In the conduct of
funerals; that the praetleo of wi-nrlng mourning be dis
couraged: that no funeral services or burials bo conducted
on the Sabbath except In cases of emergency, and that the
removal of hats at the grave be discouraged.
Not all of these recommendations will meet universal nc
ceptnnce, but It would bo difficult to frame n strong argu
to either of them. Except In rare In
sermons ami orations" are not conducive
Many of them are positively and serious
There Is greater solemnity nnd dignity In
that omit preaching. Extravagance In
funerals ought to lie repressed, and the rich should set the
example. It Is unseemly lo make a display of wealth on
such an occasion. Only nn ancient custom can be pleaded
In support of wearlug mourning. The Atlanta Constitution
gives Its unqualified Indorsement to the entire program
if the local clergy, and closes Its comments thereon with the
remnrk thnt "what the world needs Is more Independence of
precedent and more common sense In such matters. Tin-re
Is no danger of a material, practical age declining to give
death Its due In the matter of the last offices, but there Is
every reason why nn nge that discard superfluities should
tdopt a more sensible, consistent funeral program. Wash
DOCTOR!""-
PYTHON.
The lllu Hunk,
Nat lllle
. tijcttvdt but
II. Huruenu,
Would
Those who happenisl to be passing
a weJ-kiiowu bird s.n.e the other iln
might have wl,n.snl the uuiisiia.
sight of 11 surgical operation performed
on a large python, 11 huge make from
the West Coast of A film. Mr. Snake
so the dcnlcr stalls, had rub counter
of a detached wire on the side of his
1 nge and cut a di-ep gah lu his fine
head. This the denl.r set about doe
torlng, ndiiili.slerlng n Inige nppll.-n-lion
of llnlm of Peru, nn old r uuily
um1 a grent deal by army nnd navy
suigeoiis and iiiiiiiiul din.et for heal
ing purposes. The pthou was not.
however, III 11 humor for being opei
11 ted upon nnd tried to didgenud er.iwl
nwny from the ptopiletor, who flnn.ly
caught him, nnd then the (rouble be
gan. The muscular nnd constrictive
powers of these snakes Is surprising,
and the denier hnd to cull several oth
ers to his assistance before he could
hold the set pent fast. Not once dur
ing Ihe time the dealer was cutting
11 way the loose patches of skill and
flesh fiom about tho wound aud put
ting 011 Hie balm did he offer to bite-,
although he tried hard to get his colls
arvinid Hiom' who were "a-doctorlu' uv
I1I111." Since Hie application of balm
the wound has healed, and he is now
a better Miake.
A pet niiluiul mill bird store Is often
the scene of peculiar iiccldeuts. This
same denier, III addition lo his bird
and animal business, conduct a bonrd
Ing house for birds of nil sorts. When
ever 11 lady enters with a parrot, ca
uury, mocking bird or cardinal, which
she does not en re to take along to the
summer resort, she Is certain to nsk:
"Now, Mr. Q., please don't put my
hlrdle In en go No. l.'l; something will
be sure to happen to blm If you do."
The dealer hud no faith In the No. 1.1
superstition, but to humor his patrons
always consented, so that for soniu
time past cage No. 13 has remained
empty.
Several Hays ago, however, tho cages
became soiiie'what congested, and to
make loom ho placed 0119 of his own
en miry birds lu Ihe unlucky cage. '1 lie
bird nppenrcd to be in good health nt
the time, but he died he'foro morning,
since which event the denier has been
somewhat less skeptical about No, 13.
Her Envy Wns Natural.
"Why do you dlallko that Hlckcrford
girl no thoroughly'"
"Well, It's because, her hair Is cur
ly." "So. Is yours."
'Uut hcr's curls naturally." Clove
land Plain Dealer.
Aftor all, happiness Isn't a question
of riches, plo, a good complexion, or
lore and power, but of contoutnient.
Certain spiders sail lu airships made
of silken threads, nnd now 1111 Insect
that trim-Is lu hnllooiis has been 10
ported by two American naturalists.
Small hnllooiis, a quarter of an Inch
long mid composed of tiny bubbles,
having been observed, It was found
that eaeli carried a lly (genus Umpls),
resembling the hornet fly, with a dead
lly. supposed lo be food. As tho mules
also attract females by the balloons,
Henri Coiiplu suggests further study.
Easily fusible alloys for cast of
leaves, fruits. Insects, etc., must con
tain cadmium, according to a tlermnn
authority, to preserve the articles from
Injury. Hueli nn alloy Is Wood's metal,
which consists of two pnits of tin,
four of lend, seven to eight of bis
muth, ami one to two of cadmium,
nnd which fuses between (Ml and Til
degrees t l.lpowlts's metal, which
softens at to degrees P., and becomes
perfectly lliUld nt till degrees, consists
of four parts of tin, eight parts of lead,
llfteeii of bismuth and three of cad
mium.
Dr. V. W. Keen, In his presidential
address before tho Congress of Amerl
can Physicians and Surgeons In Wash
lugtoii on May l-tli, remarked upon
"the Immense advnutnges of a good
hospital over the most luxurious
homes" for the cure of Hie sick. The
poorest patient In a hospital, he said
Is better cured for, and his case Is more
carefully Investigated by baeterlologl
cal, chemical and ellnlcnl methods,
than are the well to-do In their own
homes. In many Instances lives tha
would be lost In homes nre spved lu
hospitals, where the many and com
plex modern appliances for every sur
glen I emergency are provided.
Experiments recently made on Erie
rnllrond ferryboats between New lurk
nnd Jsrscy City have shown the prac
ticability of transmitting speech by
wireless telephone from one moving
IhiiU to another. Enrh Imnt carried li
Its pilot bouse a telephone connected
with nerlal antennae carried on the
flagpole, and with copper plates dip
ped In the water. Messages were ills
tluctly heard between boats passing at
a distance of M feet. A. F. Collins,
the Inventor, believes the range can
be extended to thousands of feet; but
110 great range Is alined at because
the special purpose Is to furnish river
and hartxir craft with a menus of
quick Intercommunication for prevent
lug collisions.
Not only natural productions but
sometimes manufaetiires nre tnrgely
dependent iion peeiillnrltles of ell
mate, and are consequently almost con
lined to particular purls of the earth.
A" example In .lnt Is furnished by
I ' n.nnufnrture of anhydrous paper.
wklch forms the best dielectric for 1111
dergroiind telephone cables. This pa
per was formerly made In England
but experience has demonstrated that
to obtain the best results Ihe paper
must be manufactured In n drier nt
Unisphere tlmu Hint of the llrltlsh
Isles. Accordingly this Industry has
forged abend In Amerle-n. and Ims fall
en Into disuse In Euglniid, nltlioiigh
the use of anhydrous paper there Is
very extensive.
HOW DANK NOTE8 ARE MADE.
Ilrlalla of th Intrlcsle Process
(luanl to Prevent Counterfeiting.
First lu consideration In making a
bank note is to prevent others from
making n counterfeit of It. snys Ihe
New York Herald. Therefore, nil the
notes of n certain denomination or
value must be exact duplicates of one
another. If the-y were engraved by
hand this would not be the case. Hand
engraving Is more easily coutttcrfe'ltcd
than the work done by the process ac
tually used. "Every note," said an of
ficial of one of the leading bank nolo
companies, "la printed from a steel
plate. In the preparation of which
many persons take part. If you will
look at a 3 greenback you will see n
picture In the center, n smnll portrait,
culled n vignette, 011 the left, anil In
each of the upper corners a network of
line lines with a dark ground, one con
taining the letter and the other the
figure ft. To uiHke a vignette It Is first
uecessnry to make a large drawing on
paper with great care, nnd 11 dnguorro
type Is then given to the engraver, who
uses n steel point to makn on It tho out
lines of the picture. The plato la Inked
and a print Is taken of It.
"While the Ink la still damp the
print Is laid down on n steel plnte,
which has been softened by hentlng It
redhot and letting It cool slowly. It Is
then put In n press and an exact copy
of the outlines Is thus uindo on the
steel plate. This the engraver finishes
with his graver. 11 little tool with a
thre'e-corncred point, which cuts a
rle-an Hue, leaving; no rough edge. Now,
this plnte Is used to print from. It
must be mnilo very hard, and this Is
done by hentlng and cooling quickly.
A little roller of softened steel Is then
rolled over It by a powerful machine
until Its surface has beeu furred Into
all the Hues cut Into the plate. The
outlines of the vignette nro thus trans
ferred to the roller In raised lines, mid
after the roller Is hardened It Is used
to roll 01 er plates of softened steel,
nnd thus mil lies In them sunken lines
exactly llko those lu tho pin ro original
ly engraved. The center picture Is en
graved and transferred to n roller, llko
the vignette, but tho network In the
upper corners and also on the back
of tho unto Is uindo by n lathe. This
machine costs fn.OiMl n price Hint puts
It twyuiid the reach of counterfeiters.
Its work Is so perfect that It cannot
be Imitated by hand. The In I he en
graves the network 011 softened steel,
and the figure lu the middle Is then en
graved by hniiil. It Is now hardened
mid transferred to 11 roller like the oth
ers. "Tho plates from which notes nre to
bo printed nre of softened steel and
largo enough to print four miles at
once, f our engravings of tho note
must, therefore, be made on It, mid
this Is douo by rolling the hardened
sleel rollers contnlnlug tho raised
pictures over It In their appropri
ate places uutll tho pictures ure
pressed Into Its surfnee. The film
lettering nround (he borders of llm
pole Is transferred lu tho same wny,
but tho older lettering Is iul on by
bund. This process saves 11 good deal
of lime and It secures absolute mil
fortuity In the four engravings on llm
plate. Tho back purls of Hie nolo are
printed llrsl, and when Hie Ink Is dry
the green buck Is printed, to be fol
lowed by the red stamps nnd number.
It Is then signed and Issued. For great
er security one part of the note I en
graved and printed nt one place nml
another part nt mini her place, when
It Is sent to Washington lo be lllilshed
nnd signed. Hut. needle to sny, after
all this care and nil these safeguards,
niany skillfully executed coiinlerfelts
huvo 1 11 made ami Issued, some of
them so good as to deceive expert
Judges of money."
IN THE DEPTHS OF THE EARTH.
MclelllUI Snaussls I'.atslill.lntitnt ef
rmlilerrsnesn tlliservstiirles.
A proposal to Install several hundred
subterranean observatories nt depths
of anywhere from n few hundred yards
to a mllo or so tuny appear sufficiently
slnrtllng. It cease to be so, however,
when we learn that the observers
themselves are lo be 011 the earth' sur
face; It I only their Instrument that
It Is proposed to place so far under
ground, mid these may be lowered Into
borings such ns are now made for 11 r
teslnn wells. The principal measure
ments would tn of leuiperaliiru; but It
Is claimed by M. A. Lnlsant. who ad
tocules the plnii, Hint Its result would
add greatly to our knowledge of the
earth's crust aud II phenomena, both
normal and nhuoriiiiil. M. Lalsaut sets
forth his plan In La Unison, ns follows.
"While nstroiiouilenl Instruments In
volvo considerable expense on account
of their high precision, the apparatus
lu use for meteorological observations
cost much less, and this would nli
be true for those Hint would be em
ployed In subterranean observation It
would be sufficient to sink at n certain
number of properly chosen point hole
In the snme manner ns nrteslan wells,
or, still better. In the way that Is
used In America to bore ror petroleum.
The depth would be more or less con
siderable, according to the region mid
thw nature of the geological strain, It
should be governed by data known lo
science, but should In general ha as
great a possible. It would probably
not be chimerical to think of renrhlng
n depth of several kilometers In some
places, while In others a few hundred
meters might stifne-e.
"A to the locations of the borings
nnd their number, here. too. the geol
ogists can furnish Ihe necessary In
dlcntloiis. Deep Isirlnga while In course
of making will give Interesting geo
logical Information, since tbi'y will fur
nish continuously specimen of the
strata traversed, which tuny be studied
nnd analyzed. When the boring Ims
once been tltilshcd It will be easy to In
troduce Into It measuring npparalus,
mid especially thermometers Tho
study of the pressure at these great
depths, that of the composition of tho
gases Hint are encountered, the elec
tric and magnetic state of the me
dium and oilier eleiiirnt will possess
equally great Interest. With the regis
tering apparatus now nt our disposal
most of thu Indications mentioned will
Ik' easy to obtain when the Installa
tion has once been made without tho
necessity of displacing the Instru
ments,
"When a large part of Ihe surfnee of
the globe has thus been covered with
subterranean observatories properly lo
cated, the systematic centralization of
the observations ami dally exchanges
of them will soon furnish mi liiipsii tmit
contribution to terrestrial physics, and
we shall see that there Is a necessary
correlation between the variations of
temperature, pressure, etc., nt the dif
ferent spots nnd nlso between these va
riations and certain exterior pheuoui-
na."
JOURNEY OF LAFAYETTE.
Letters of Ills r-oil Describe 1'aniolls
Trip Tlirmik-li linllrd Htatrs.
In I.tpplucott'n there nre some en
tertaining letters written by n son of
(Jen. Ijifuyetto while traveling In Urn
United States with his father. These
letters have never before been pub
lished.
"Wo have already spent twenty days
til the United States," says tho son.
and this Is the first leisure I have
had for writing you n line; even as It
Is, I am not sure of being able to dis
patch my letter. The Stephanie,
whoso captain Is one of our friends,
la to sail from New York for Ilnvro
to-day, and will take our letters. If
only we can arrive In time.
Ever since we have been hero my
father has been the hero, mid we Hid
spectators, of ihe most Imposing, beau
tiful mid alTectlug sights, I he most
miijestlc population In the world wel-
coming a mini with common aceord
and conducting him In Irlumm,
throughout 11 Journey of 200 leagues.
vwiiuou wept with Joy on seeing him
mid children rlskul being crushed In
get near to the man whom ihelr fath
ers kept pointing out to them as 0110
of those who had contributed Ihe most
to procuring them their happiness and
Independence. This Is what It haa
been reserved for us to see. I am
knocked off my feet excuse the ex-
presslon-by the emotions of all kinds
l experience. I won't enter Into do-
talls; you know me, mid I do not sup
isiso thnt, nmldst ,lhe exclleiuent of
n happy people's rejoicings ami shar
ing in tut' extraordinary gratitude
with which my father Is overwhelm-
d, I shall forget at nny time Hiosn
who have n claim 011 all Ihe seutl
menls which my heart Is capable of
feeling. Hod grant that I may alwuyi
njoy 1110 necessary strength to dls
barge the whole of my dullf-i. n,.t
since being hero 1 have not slcpl morn
tliaii four or 11 vo hours ouch nKjt J"
Tlioro A10 Other.
Mrs. Wise (reading)! seo by this
that the Emperor of Japan has leu men
o carry his umbrella.
Mr. Wise That's nollilng, 1
wcuty men have curried inluo 11,,.
rult Free Press.
"You enn't blnino tho father of
twins," said n man to-day, "for beconi.
lug desperate."