Wallowa County chieftain., April 01, 1909, Image 6

mm
rrOt friim Poultry.
rouUryuicu estimate that it costs 1
cent njiiiiv to produce an egg. The
estimate is bastd on the fact thnt the
hon la.vs ia eggs iu the year. In other
words, where the fowls are eonhned tu
ruts, ami the feed must 1 purchased.
It costs cents a month or flJM a
year to maintain a hen. If the lieu is
an indifferent layer and gives but sixty
e-g in a year. her egs cost the poul
tryiuau - tents each.
An experiment conducted by the Cor
nell experiuit lit station in 19"2 showed
that the average cost of feed for a
dozen eggs was 9.2 cents, or about
of a cent an egg. The cost for each
hen for the year was 99.0 cents. At
that time wheat was sold at fAj a
hundred pounds, while at the present
time it h $2; bran sold at $1. a hun
dred pounds nud it is now S1.H; and
meat scraps tost a hundred
founds and now we pay $2.40. So at
the presti.t increased price of feed,
the cost of feeding the hen is easily
20 oeLts a year more than it was ui
To make poultry profitable on the
farm it is nectssury to breed for bet
ter laying. This is done by Installing
trap nests iu the henhouses, and each
year poking out the best layers aud
breeding only from such. The farmer
must grade tip his stock. lie must
get rid of the mongrel birds; he most
drive out the drones, aud must encour
age the workers. The farm must pro
duce better poultry and more of it.
There are advantages on the farm
for poultry raising that Uie poultry
man does not have, and if the latter,
in many v ;:ys handicapped, can make
poultry keening a successful business,
the farmer should' lit least make the
work a valuable adjunct to . his In
come. Proireriy managed poultry can
be made the most profitable crop on
the farm investment, expense and
labor considered.
It Is argued by some farmers that
their hens cost them practically noth
ing, as they have free range and can
gather all the food they need. There
is some truth in that, and there also
is some truth in the fact that farm
ers' flocks seldom yield a profit com
pared with stock in the hands of a reg
ular poultrytuan.
Feeding Meal, Wet or Dry.
Many of our farmers seem to bold
the opinion that feeding meal wet to
their cows will briug better results
than when fed dry. One old farmer
makes the remark, "how enn the cow
get any goodness out of a pan of dry
meal?" yet notwithstanding the fact
that so many dairymen hold to the
practice of feeding the meal wet, the
experiments to date indicate that bet
ter results are obtained by feeding
it dry. Trofessor Jordan, of the Maine
Experiment Station, fed a bunch of
calves corn and cob meal with long
hay In dry form, as against hay which
was run through a feed cutter, mois
tened and sprinkled with corn and cob
meal. The results were in favor of
the dry feeding. The gain was great
er, and less feed was required for
100 pounds of gain. Professor Jordan
also conducted an experiment with two
herds of dairy cows, one herd was fed
dry feed, while the feed of the other
was moistened. The greater yield of
milk was obtained from the herd that
received the dry feed.
Sailing Down Meat.
Curing meat for future consumption
Is one of the annual jobs on the furm.
In some sections of the country, says
the Journal of Agriculture, the prob
lem of salting down meat Is a serious
one because of the heat. In sections
of the South there are winters when
there is very little cold weather and
it is not until late that hogs may be
slaughtered. Here is a recipe which is
said to be a good one: For 1,000
pounds of meat take ten quarts of salt
peter, 1 pound of pepper and 2 pounds
of yellow sugar. Mix well, put Iu a
tub or some suitable vessel, and then
apply the mixture well to the meat
This Is said to be the most success
ful method of salting meat there Is,
both from a standpoint of purity and
flavor.
Preserving; Milk.
A German patent specification de
scribes a process for preserving milk
by removing all dissolved oxygen by
means of the addition of a small quan
tity of ferrous carbonate. The process
Is based on the fact that freshly-precipitated
ferrous corbouate in the pres
ence of oxygen immediately assimilates
oxygen and evolves an equivalent
quantity of carbon dioxide. One part
of ferrous carbonate Is sufficient for
00,000 parts milk, and the properties
of the milk are not altered In any way
by the addition, which should be made
before the milk is boiled.
Work Honra of Farmers.
Professor Boss, of the Minnesota
Agricultural College, says that statis
tics of the actual hours of labor on the
farms Investigated show that farmers
work nine hours a day In summer and
between four and five In winter.' Pro
fessor Bailey, of the Farm Life Com
mission, tells the story of the school
ma'am working from 9 to 4 until she
married a farmer, and bad to work
from t to 9. Moral, schoolma'ams
ttiaks good wives for farmers.
Xltroc.
Wllle visiting a practical farmer a
few weeks ago be said that whrfs
everything was fed out on the fa m
and the manure returned to the soil It
should grow richer Instead of poorer
aud that furthermore there was less
connected with the farm wben it was
conducted on these principles than
when the system was varied from year
to year.
One thing Is certain, the growing I
and feeding of live stock on the farms
comnels the growth of crops to teed
that are best adapted for tUe produc
tion of flesh and animal products.
Prominent among these crops are clov:
er. alfalfa and the other nitrogen gath
ering plants that possess a high feed
ing value and are relished by animals
on account of their palatability.
We cannot too often repeat the
fact that the farmers who follow a
short crop rotation, in which a legume
Is grown every third year, need not
worry alxmt maintaining an adequate
supply of nitrogen, providing he feeds
these crops to live stock and saves
the manure, both liquid and solid, and
returns it to the soil. When nitrogen
ous grain foods are purchased and
fed to the animals In connection with
the homegrown foods the increase in
nitrogen is still greater. Agricultural
Epitomist
Feeding Milk Cow.
Milk contains water. . fat. protein
(casein and curd), sugar and ash. and
these are all made from the constitu
ents of the food. If sufficient protein,
fat aud carhohydrates are not con
tained iu the food given her, the stow
supplies this deficiency for a time by
drawing on her own body, and gradu
ally begins to shrink In quantity and
quality of niilk. or both. The stingy
feeder cheats himself as well as the
cow. She may suffer from hunger,
although she Is full of swale and hay.
but she also becomes poor and does
not yield the milk and butter she
should. Her milk glands are a wond
erful machine, but they cannot mnke
milk casein (curd) out of the constitu
ents in coarse, unappetizing. Indiges
tible swale hay or sawdust any more
than the farmer himself can make but
ter from skim milk. She must not
only have a generous supply of good
food, but It must contain sufficient
amounts of the nutrients needed for
making milk. Cntll this fact is un
derstood and appreciated, successful,
profitable dairying is out of the ques
tion. Many forcible Illustrations of Its
truthfulness have been furnished by
the agricultural experiment stations.
H. B. Speed.
Helping; the Farmer.
In an important Interview with Glf
ford Piuchot, the government forester,
and a member of the Country Life
Commission, recently appointed by Mr.
Koosevelt, given to Edward I. Far
rington, the following points are elab
orated :
The things which the Country Life
Commission desires to do, above ail
else, is to make the fact plain that
there is a tremendous problem before
the American farmer to-dny.
The things which must be secured
for the farmer are better farming ma
terials, better business aud a better
living. The commission is concerned
with the two latter.
Everything which has to do with
making farm life efficient and pleas
ant will receive particular attention,
for this is one of the most important
of all agricultural problems.
The commission will make no at
tempt to impose anything ou the farm
er, to dictate to hlin. or to carry pa
ternalism to an objectionable degres
The facts are to be assembled in ns
complete a form as possible und placed
before the farmer iu logical order.
Temporary Sheep Fence.
One of the best portable fences for
use In soiling sheep is made In panels
with supports, as shown in the sketch.
Panels are 10 feet long, made of 4
Ineh board solidly nailed together.
After this .fence Is once put up, sheep
are not likely to overturn It A fence
3Vj feet high will turn most flocks.
Farm and Home.
Quarter Crack.
This is one of the most serious trou
bles with which we have to contend In
our dry climate. When a crack ap
pears it is a difficult mutter to briug
down the new growth of.souud hoof
without firing and. blistering, so that
prevention is all important There Is
no need to cut out the sole or opeu
the heels, as it Is called. The frog
and heels should be left absolutely
alone, and they cannot be too well de
veloped. The sole will take care of
itself, for nature exfoliates dead horn
as required. Keep the wall rounded
at the ground surface, the toe short
and the frog prominent, and with few
exceptions horses will come through all
right Field and Farm.
A Balanced Ratios.
Corn and clover pasture forms a
nearly balanced ration, and there will
be little danger of injuring the breed
ing qualities of the pigs if they r
allowed plenty of corn and the run of
a good clover pasture.
MOVABLE FENCE FOB SUEEP AND HOG8.
When the framers of the constitution
decided that population should be the
basis of representation In the lower
house of Congress, provision for a sys
tematic national enumeration of the
people of the country became a neces
sity. The constitution ordered that this
enumeration should be made within
three years after the first meeting of
the first Congress and within every sub
sequent term of ten years, in such
manner as Congress should direct. Po
litical necessity thm forced upon the
new republic the first national census
of modern times.
Among the ancient peoples It Is re
corded that Moses numbered the tribes
In the wilderness and that Satan pro
voked David to number Israel. The
word "census" comes from Rome,
where, long before the Christian era,
citizens aud their property were regis
tered for the purposes of taxation. In
England. William the Conqueror, to
make more certain the collection of his
revenues, ordered a great surrey of his
new kingdom, the results of which were
embodied in the "Domesday Book." But
the census of the United States,
taken in 1790, was the first of mod
ern times. The results of the enumera
tion were transmitted to Congress by
President Washingti a Oct. 27. 1701, In
i small report containing fifty-six prun
ed pages. It showed a population of
3,929,214. It cost the government $44,-
377 to learn that, with one representa
tive for every 33.000 people, its lower
house would be composed of 105 legis
lators. As early as 1S10 an attempt to In
clude In the census Information per
taining to the manufactures of the
country was made, though it met with
little success. The act of 1850, which
gave the census work to the newly
created Department of the Interior and
a census board comjHised of the Secre
tary of State, Attorney Genera! and
Postmnster General, increased the sub
jects of inquiry to Include mines, man
ufactures and ngriculture.
With each succeeding decade, writes
n. B. Chamberlain in the Cbicngo Keo
ord-Herald, the scope of Inquiry was
enlarged until the mass of Information
gathered lecame too large to handle
and was out of date before it became
Morocco,
Exact Information is not one of Mo
rocco's exports. That is no land of
facts and figures. It Is a couutry of
traditions and superstitions, on the one
hand ; of dreams und rainbows, ou the
other.
Language in Tangier forms a curious
study, not because so many tongues
are heard, but because so many of the
half dozen that are spoken nre used
by the same people. The mastery of
Arabic Is a life study, but a vocubu
lary of a few huudred words is ade
quate for discussion with the natives.
When one is a loss to express himself,
he need only fill In the gap, it Is said,
by "Allah Is the greatest," "Allah, con
found the Christians," or some such
pious phrase, te use of which makes
his conversation more, rather than less,
acceptable.
It Is worth wMle to say a word
about the system of surveillance under
which a visitor in Tai-gler lives. Theo
retically he Is the freest creature 1m-
! nginahle, but actually lie is a marked
man the minute he is spotted on the
deck of an arriving boat, aud there
after no Central office shadowing could
be more effective, more buttling. By a
system of wireless telegraphy among
them, your comings and goings are fol
lowed, aud you soon discover that a
small army of Moors knows where you
are from, what you are there for, how
long you exjiect to stay, and more
about your life, habits and affairs than
some of your most intimate friends at
home.
One is constantly running across
oddities that Illustrate the Oriental
character of Morocco. Take the steam
tBm$M Mis-
available. The eleventh census, that of
1S90, was not published until Beven
years after It was begun. The census
of 1880 appeared in 1889. For each
enormous sums of money were sjieut
that of 1890 cost more than $11,000,000
thousands of clerks were employed,
tons of literature were distributed, but
the necessity for reorganizing the ma
chinery for taking tA t census every ten
years, as though for the first time,
caused Insufferable delay. The director
of each census had to create the office
anew, secure quarters, collect and drill
an nrmy of employes and attend to the
preparation and distribution of sched
ules before the actual work of enumera
tion could be undertaken.
The work falls naturally into three
stnges the collection of material facts
by enumerators, the census takers, who
In 1900 numbered more than 50,000,
under the direct charge of 300 super
visors; the tabulation and analysis of
this material in the central office in
Washington, and its publication.
On June 1, 1900, the enumerators be
gan their house-to-house canvass. They
boat service between Tangier and
Gibraltar as nn instance. It sounds
the height of progress when you hear
that there ore three companies, each
with three salliugs a week, but upou
rurther inquiry you discover that the
boats of all three go on the same three
days and at tne same hour!
Morocco is a country of many Sab
baths. Friday is the Mohammedau
Sabbath, followed by the Jewish Sal
Imth the Hebrew element in Tangier
Is considerable, and strict in religious
observance. Then comes the Christian
Sunday. Subsequent comparison, how
ever, revealed little difference between
any days of the week. On the Moham
medan Sabbath a black flag Is hoisted
on the uiiunrats at the prayer of dawn,
Instead of the white flag that an
nounces the time of devotion ou other
days. It remains up until the middle
of the foreuoon, by which time every
body is supposed to have found out
what day it Is.
When you (Allah lengthen thine
age!) go to Morocco, you will hear
about some of the men you've read of
in a way that will upset previous
ideas. There Is Ralsulu, for Instance,
whom Americans remember as captur
ing Ion Perdlcaris, and who more re
cently held for six months Sir Harry
Muclean. an Englishman and drillmas
ter of the Sultan's army.
A bold, bad grlgand that's how bi.
suli is painted abroad. At Tangier, on
the contrary, he is rated as a patriot
whom the Sultan misused when he de
posed him from the governorship of
the surrounding province. In any event,
it is true, at least, that he cares noth
ing for money, but only seeks to regain
his position. Such ransoms as he nj
secured have been distributed among
his followers, it is said, and as yet the
$100,000 given up for the release of
Maclean lies to Raisull's credit un
touched In the State Bank at Tangier
Looked at In the large, Morocco is a
wonderful country, still largely nn
known. At this time of war and fer
ment It Is possible only to skim the
TNG
THE
did not visit public Institutions, as In
these the officials of the establishments
were required to collect Information
concerning the inmates. Special expert
ngen'ts were employed to gather data
relating to manufacturing and mechan
ical industries. City enumerators were
given two weeks in which to make
their rounds. Those in the couutry
were given a longer time. When enu
merators had finished their work they
delivered their portfolios to the dis
trict supervisors, who iu turn sent them
to the central office at Washington,
where a clerical force of 3.000, helped
by the automatic punching machine and
the electric tabulating mnchlne, pre
pared copy for the printing press.
The four principal reports on popu
lation, agriculture, manufacturing and
vital statistics, when completed, filled
ten quarto volumes, 10,000 puges of
printed mutter. With the special re
ports, which apienred later, they sus
tained the claim that in this matter
of census taking the United States
lends in scope of inquiry, combination
of facts and cost incurred.
edges. The Interior, with the civiliza
tions of Fez and Marrakesh. the life
of the mountains nud plains, It is lm-
possible for the "dog of a Christian"
to see. Some day, perhaps, he mav r
turn.
Perpetual Yonth.
The elixir of youth lies in thi mind
or nowhere. Y011 amnnf ho t-,... i.
trying to appear bo, by dressing youth-
iou must nrst get. rid of the
last vestige of thought, of belief, that
you are aging. As long as that Is In
mind, cosmetics nud youthful dress will
amount to very little in changing your
appearance. The conviction must first
b? changed; the thought which has pro
duced the aging condition must be iv
versed. "
It we can only establish the perpet
ual youth mental attitude, so that we
feel young, we have won half the bat
tle ngnlnst old ge. Be sure of this
that whatever you feel regarding your
age will oe expressed In you- body
It Is a great aid to the pjrpetuatinn
of youth to learn to feel young, how
ever long we may have lived, because
the body expresses habitual feeling
habitual thought. Notching i the world
will make us look young ns long as
we are convinced that we are aging
Nothing else more effectually retards
age than keeping In mind the bright
cheerful, optimistic, hopeful, buoyant
picture of youth In all its splendor
munificence; the alluring picture of
th- glories which belong to youth
youthful dreams. Ideals, hopes and all
the qualities which belong to young
One great trouble with ns Is that
our Imaginations age prematurely. The
hard, exacting conditions of our mod
ern, strenuous life tend to harden and
dry up the brain and nerve cells and
thus seriously Injure tne power of the
imagination, which snould be kept
fiesh, buoyant, elastic. Orison Swett
Varden, in Success Magarlne.
What' She Loved.
He If you don't love me, and If you
will not listen to me, why do you al
ways take my boxes of chocolates?
fef Better Mtea-ao,
Some people believe a party Is not a
success unless the guests make a great
deal of noise.
lllfl!
m
The twelfth census was taken under
the act of March 3, 1S99, under which
the director of the census, v. R. Mer
riarn, was given entire control of tht
work. When he took charge of the
work all that be Inherited from tht
eleventh census was a typewriter, t
horse, a wagon, a cart and some scat
tered papers and records. Ills was the
first census staff to be given a building
of its own. Ills pleadings for the pres
ervation of the plant which his work
necessitated undoubtedly helped tht
passage of the act of 1902, establishing
the census bureau as a permanent part
of the governmental organization. 4
later act approved Feb. 1, 1903, trans
ferred the census office from the D.
partiueut of the Interior to the Depart
ment of Commerce and Labor. July 1,
1903, by order of the secretary of the
latter department, the name "Bureau
of the Census" was adopted.
The bureau of tha census Is charged
with the duty of taking the decennial
censuses, of collecting such special sta
tistics as Congress requires. Including
the collection In 1905 of the Btatlsti
of manufacturing establishments con
ducted under the factory system, and
the annual collection of birth and death
statistics, statistics of cotton production
and cotton consumption, and statistics
of cities of 30,000 or more Inhabitant!
Great Britain and France were tha
first Euroiean countries to. follow the
example of the United States. Each
took its first census In 1801. In many
of the European countries they hate
a one-day enumeration. In Great Brit
ain and Wales schedules .are left In
each house Saturday evening and are
called for Monday morning. The coun
try Is divided Into permanent districts
for the purpose of registering births
and deaths and the registrar general h
the census superintendent In Ireland
the royal Irish constabulary and the
Dublin metropolitan police are the
ugentB for distributing and collecting
the schedules. In Germany the count
covers the jerlod between sunrise and
sunset and the police are utilized as
In Ireland. In Russia the count be
gins at midnight The British govern
ment wakes provision for the cost of
the census taking, but In France anil
other European countries the expense
Is borne by the municipality.
EATING TOO MUCH.
Overuotrltlnn I. Jn.t aa Harmful
Malnutrition.
It is an UCkUOWledired fnct tlint al
most every soul of us eats too much.
The digestive organs are constantly
overtrained, and finally weakened. ,
When wisely followed, the practice of
rastlug can be most beneficial. An el
pert ou the food question has said that
one should rise from the table with
the feeling of hunger, which Is nn es
perleuce known to very few of us. On
the contrary, the majority of people
leave the board with a seuse of burdm
which only an hour's siesta can aile
vlate. This is not so much owing to
the fact that the food Is uncommon!?
rich, for the rule of the simple life ob
tains DOW In tha fncMnnnhlo rniUlnt.
but it is the quantity taken. There H
uirge community at the present mo
ment which fasts from breakfast tin
till dinner at night It Is a question
If it is wise to leave the stomach
entirely without food during all tnoM
hours, but there is no question that the
lighter the lunch taken the better wW
be the health of the Individual. By 1
"light lunch" In this Instance Is meant
what most people .would not call
lunch at all that is to say, a few
crackers with cheese (a much maligned
article of diet), a few nuts and a bit l
f rutt or a cup of cocoa with dry toast
Such a "feast" prevents the craving ft'
food and In no way taxes the digestif
organs. Overnutritlon Is just as harm
ful ns malnutrition and is far mort
frequently the cause of maladle
With judicious fasting the system f
covers Its lost tone, and mental wort
era would find that the braiu wottrf
with surprising lightness, for the 6rl
is one of the chief sufferers from ovef
eating. New Work American.
Fond Hope.
Williams Tou must expect to
If you are going to be elected to pub
office. ..'
Walters Oh, yes, I expect to w
to get elected. But after that I wont
have to do much of anything. Somef
vllle Journal.
Lady Iou look robust Are J
equal to the task of sawing wo7
Tramp Equal Isn't the word, w
Im superior to It Good tuorniB.