Tuesday, N ovem ber 2 9 , 1921 .............. ""' — ■■ LIFE STUDY TO BEATGERMANY Foch Began at 20 to Work for Downfall of Teutonic Power. FLEXÎBILITY IS HIS MAXi^ France in Debt to G eneralissim o of A llie d A rm ie s fo r H is M ilita r y In- s tru c tio n — Keen S tu d e n t o f Napo leon’ s C am paigns and o f German S ta ff M ethods, He Accepted N either, b u t Pruned and G ra fte d the T w o T ogether— Sense o f P ro p rie ty . "My cen ter gives way, my right re cedes; the situation is excellen t; I shall a tta ck ." The w rite r of th is m essage to his com m anding officer was e ith e r a crim inal b rag g art or one of the g rea test of generals, depending w hether his a t tack succeeded or failed. If it failed, a country would have clam ored for th e life of a general who sent his com- _ m and to certain destruction. If it succeeded, his dispatch should rank w ith other historical battle m essages, such as “Don’t give up the ship, “JBngland expects every m an to do his duty," and “ We have met th e enemy and they a re ours.” T he a tta c k did not fail. The au th o r of th is dispatch had said several y e a rs b efo re: “A b a ttle won is a b a ttle in which one refuses to adm it th a t one is beaten.” A fter w riting the dispatch he guve the order to a tta ck , then, while his men w ere going forw ard, lie took a young staff officer for a walk and discussed m etallurgy and economics. H is men pushed back the enemy a t a vital point in the line, the enemy w ith drew and P a ris was saved. The m essage w as sent during the first b a ttle of the M arne in Septem ber, W14. It w as w ritten by F erdinand Foch, m arshal of F rance, then a gen e ral c o m m a n d in g /th e N inth French arm y holding the allied center. Second B a ttle of the Marne. T he offensive begun by Foch a t La Fere-C'ham penoise rep re sen ts th e tu rn ing point of th< first b a ttle of the M arne. But the allied generalissim o w as in a sim ilar situ atio n on the eve ning of Ju ly 17, 1918, while a second b a ttle of the M arne was being fought. At th a t tim e lie m ight have p a ra phrased his e a rlie r m essage by w rit ing : "My left in F la n d ers gives way, my cen ter recedes, P a ris and the chan nel p o rts are m enaced. T he situation Is ea.eeiipjjt. I will a tta c k .” ✓ And a tta c k be did on tfie m orning of the 18th w ith two French and two Am erican divisions. H e conriiihetj to UUtil U i? faiye to him : and askeu hiu: tC StCp, aim m s a tta c k s did not stop until 10:59 a. m., Novem ber 11, 1918. And had the arm istice failed, he had yet an o th er and more disconcerting a tta c k planned in every Retail for Novem ber 14, in which French and Am erican divisions would have sw ept past Metz and into Lor raine. Since lie w as tw enty. M arshal Foch had been w orking for the defeat of Germ any. Of the m any generals who achieved prom inence during the w ar, Foch and H indenburg w ere m ilitary school teach ers before 1914. H ere com parison ends. H indenburg w as a retired officer d u r ing the w ar. W hen the G erm ans moved tow ard P a ris the R ussians sw ept into P russia, and the German high comm and was in a n ear panic. Then some one rem em bered the griz zled Individual w ith a close-cropped head and generous m ustache who for year a fte r year at the staff college had an n ihilated the enem y in a paper cam paign in the M asorian lake region, then invaded by the R ussians. H in denburg was summ oned to B eilin. He refreshed him self w ith his lecture notes, took comm and of the eastern forces, and the M asurian lakes cam paign w as won fo r the G erm ans. H in denburg’» m ilitary rep u tatio n rests upon th is one cam paign th a t had been a G erm an general staff exercise for years before the war. i- F le x ib ility Foch’s M axim . W ith Foch, on the o th er hand, it was one of his principles th a t w ar against a skillful enemy cannot he waged suc cessfully according to blue print alone. H e had been teaching for years to young French officers, candidates for staff positions, th at, above uli else, m odern w a rfa re dem ands flexibility. P la n s go wrong, and su rp rises occur constantly which m ust be m et as they arise. T hese w ere the principles he set forth In his w orks on the "A rt of W ar,” as Foch p refe rs to term what Is called m ore often m ilitary science. Like o th er F rench officers, he s a tu ra te d him self w ith N apoleon’s cam paigns, but In addition he had been a p ain stak in g student of G erm an staff m ethods. As a resu lt he accepted n eith er Napoleon nor th e Germ an gen eral staff slavishly, but ra th e r pruned and g rafted the tw o together. The fundam ental of his principles of w ar w as the insistence upon m orale, th a t as much intelligence and spirit are needed to carry out orders as to Issue them . It Is doubtful w hether the French arm y should be m ore gratefu l to Foch for his services during the w ar or for his work as an In stru cto r a t the Su perior School of W ir during the years previous to 1914. H e w as the first Frenchm an, and probably the first m ilitary student of im portance, who was able to dissect th e G erm an opera tions in th e w ar of 1870. Until Foch w ent to the Ecole ’e G uerre in 1894 (as a teacher. :t s im possible for PAGB T H U S * French officers to study the German operations of 1870 calmly. H onest a tte m p ts had been made, in fact the Ecole de G uerre w as established ju st a fte r th e F ranco-P russian w ar as a p a rt of the reorganization of the French arm y, w ith a view to discov- i ering ju s t w hat happened in 1870. [ B u f until Foch w as detailed to the school In 1804 it w as ju st like trying to find out th e m anner in which Mr. W illiam P atterso n had been assaulted. , it w as too soon Rafter the w ar, for the h e a rts of both officers and stu d en ts were too heavy with sadness over the loss of A lsace-Lorraine to investigate the facts dispassionately. Foch’s A nti-G erm an S trategy. H is Sense of P ro p rie ty . A Business Service Station M e lik e to tlunk of till« In stitution as a b u sin ess service station — w h ere a n y o n e can come for advice a n d ______ • By SIR G O D FR EY P. CO LLIN S G. Foch w as the first man t o fill the F rench w ith hope th a t F rench general- ship m ight be a m atch fo r Germ an. As calmly, us m athem atically and ag cold- bloodedly as the G erm an general staff itself, Foch set to work to analyze for his pupils G erm an m ilitary science. H e arrived a t a conclusion ju st the op- posite to w hat m ight be expected. In- stead of declaring th a t in the next w ar F ran ce m ust l»eat Germ any a t her own game, he em phasized th a t F rench strateg y m ust be the opposite of Ger- man, th a t iron-clad plans m ust give to tle ja b ilitj. These principles had an enorm ous i,n >n I- rench staff <.♦ «, work i i during effect upon the w ar, for th e young students, who were filled w ith enthusiasm over Foch’s m axim s laid down in the School of W ar in the late nineties, w ere the division com m anders and the corps and arm y staff officers, oi th e W orld w ar. T h at F ran ce alone of the allies had w ell-trained and active-m inded staff officers In 1914 is largely due to Foch. M arshal Foch w as born in Tarbeg, October 2, 1851. Boyish enthusiasm over the cam paigns of Napoleon—he l,a,l m « « ™ « T l " e r s oi the C onsulate and the E m pire before he was tw e lv e -fille d him w ith the am- bition to e n te r the arm y. The year previous to the F ranco-P russian w ar he was studying a t St. C lem ent’s, a Je su it eollege in Metz, w here m ore candidates for arm y com issions were tau g h t than at any o th er school in F rance. He enlisted as a p riv ate in the F o u rth regim ent of infan try which never got into action. A lsace-Lorraine lost and wi<li it his beloved school at Metz, he entered the Polytechnique at F ontainebleau, and a fte r the usual g a r rison life lie was detailed to the Ecole de G uerre as a ssista n t professor of m ilitary history ami strategy. Two stories may be told to illu strate M arshal Foch’s sense of fitness of things. T here is th e incident a t his h e a d q u arte rs c ar the night the G erm an com m issioners arrived to negotiate for an arm istice. The m ilitary delegate w as wearing, among o th er decorations, tlw ,r ,.s 8 ,l„. * Legion Hon” ; ~. ucu G i» P- ( W r itte n fo r th e In te r n a tio n a l News S ervice a n d L o n d o n D aily N ew s) LONDON, Nov. 29.— C a p ta in s ot in d u s try a n d th e w o rk in g classes th e w o rld o v e r a g re e th a t a n in te rn a - tio n a l in d u s tr ia l co n fe re n ce w hich ig n o re d G erm an y w ould be folly. x „ F ° r t h a t re a so n G erm aQ y waa re p re - sente<^ a t G eneva re c e n tly , T hey see c le a rly efiough th a t th e success of in te rn a tio n a lis m d ep en d s upon th e h e a rty c o -o p e ra tio n of a ll ■ countries. W h a t is less g e n e ra lly .. . . , . e v id e n t is t h a t in th e p o litic a l field th e a b sen c e of a s im ila rly c o m p lete c o -o p e ra tio n m ay h a v e q u ite a dis- a s tro u s e ffe c t upon in d u s try Y et th e m ain p ro b le m of o u r w o rk e rs to d a y is n o t so m uch to fig h t e m p lo y e rs a n d d e te rm in e th e ir s h a re of p ro fits as to sto p a rtific ia l con(iitio n s in G erm an y fro m b rin g ing down th e general standard of living. A L o w er L evel T he fa c t is t h a t a llie d p o lle r h a s i c re a tc d a rtlflc la l co n d itio n 8 w b ich . . COmpel G e rm a n y b * a b lac k leg am o n g th e n a tio n s . T he th r e a t of an ’ a rm e d o cc u p atio n of th e ir c o u n try w hich h a n g s o v er th e G e rm a n peo pie is la rg e ly re sp o n sib le fo r d riv ing th e m to w ork a t a m uch low er level of s u b siste n c e th a n th e y had b e fo re th e w ar. I t is n o t a sim p le a f f a ir to say p recisely how f a r th e s ta n d a r d of life fo r th e G erm an w o rk e r h a s f a ll en below his 1914 level. T he fed e ra l s ta tis tic a l o ffice c a lc u la te s t h a t th e m o st o f liv in g w as n in e tim es as higK in F e b ru a ry -M a rc h , 1921, a s in 1913-14. A fte r a c a re fu l in q u iry , on th e o th e r h a n d , th e g e n e ra l fe ‘ora tion of tra d e u n io n s e s tim a te th a t, , a lth o u g h w ages h a v e in c re a se d by e ig h t th e cost of liv in g is fifte e n tim e s w h a t it w as b e fo re th e w a r , any 80 w lde assistan ce in order that hie business m ay run ju s t aa> is th e special m issio n of a ll th e n a tio n s le a g u e d to g e th e r. If in a d e m o cracy p a ssin g g u sts of n a tio n a lism m u st be ta k e n n o te of, n e ith e r sh o u ld th e fin e r in s tin c ts of o u r people be ig n o re d . I t is t r u e t h a t j th ey wanted» th e k a is e r ’s h e a d ; it is j also tr u e th a t b o th in th e f ir s t d a y s: a n d in th e la s t days of th e w ar, th e y m o st m ovingly a ro s e to th e call of a g re a t id e a l. I t is a s ta te s m a n ’s! d u ty to fo s te r th e la te n t id e a lism of th e B ritis h public. sm oothly as possible. The Citizens Bank Ashland, The Office of the H E KNEW , ' Sunday School T each er: W hy should we all be c h a rita b le ? Sm all Boy: Be cause c h a rity cov e rs a m u ltitu d e of sins. Oregon Gas & Electric Co. has been moved to $1.00 Ptofit Provost Bros. Christmas Sale atl Orres Tailor Shop| now on. Don’t Miss It. here all business will be transacted and gas bill will be paid. Mr. Provost has been appointed agent for the company. W ith ocknow ltdgm tntt io K . C. B , Qh Boy! A ir t 4his life I LIKE m y Job. • * • BUT DAY8 do come. • • • W HEN 8KIES are blue. * » • ABOVE THE city smoke. • • • AND BREE7ES stir. • • • TH E PAPERS on my desk, • » • AND THEN I think. • • • W HAT I would do. which had been conferred upon him eXHCt s ta tls tic s - W e can. how ever, before the war. T he G erm ans filed form a ro u g h g e n e ra l idea of G er- ihly th e stQod room in Mwrslifll f ye»i s j m an c o n d itio n s to d a y from th e Car auu saiuted. Foch iuuue no fiigii. ‘ k n o w n daily w age in m a rk s , because hut sta re d a t the red ribbon th at a lth o u g h it is im p o ssib le to say ac- seemed so out of place among G erm an c u ra te ly w h a t th e m a rk is w o rth to decorations W hile his associates th e G erm an w o rk e r, f rOm th e p oint fidgeted, the G erm an officer finally . . , f t .. , , . .. . .. , . . , • of view of in te r n a tio n a l la b o r its saw a g reat light and in silence re- , moved the French decoration. Then ' a ue ls one Penny. On th a t b asis, Foch acknow ledged the salute and en- a c c o rd in g to th e ta b le s issu e d by tered into a discussion of the arm is th e m in is try of la b o r, we fin d th e tice term s, fo llo w in g ra te s of pay p er day in Then th ere w as his tactfu l, punctlli- C ologne: ous behavior the day of the Victory Coal m in e rs, 2s 4d to 5s.; m o u ld F e te in P aris, Ju ly 14, 1919. P relim e rs, 4 s.8 d .; f itte r s , 4 s.2 d .; c o tto n inary plan s had Foch selected to lead the allies’ m arch through the Arc de sp in n e rs , 2s 8 < ; ta n n e r s , 2 s.8 d .; m a ls te rs , 4 s.3d.; Triom phe, hut some friends of Joffre p o tte rs , 2 s.3 d .; th reaten ed to m ake political capita! sk illed b u ild e rs, 4 s,1 0 d .; p a in te rs if the senior m a rsh a l of F ran ce did a n d d e c o ra to rs , 4s.3d .; c o m p o sito rs, not have a ¡.lace at the head of the 3s.9d. to 4 s.3d.; b a k e rs . 4s S<5.; ag- procession. It was a delicate m atter ric iiltu r a l w o rk e rs, 2s.; p a p e r m ill to decide which should precede the , „ „ , xl „ „ , i- , .. . „ , w o rk e rs, 2 s.6 d .; c u tle rs , 3 s.4 d .; a n d o th e r. I-och w a s g e n e r a lis s im o o f th e allied land forces, yet in the French ¿ n a k e rs of le a th e r goods, 3s.Sd. arm y he w as outran k ed by Joffre. A M enace to T ia d e It was finally decided th a t the mar- \ W h a t is th e sig n ific a n c e of th e se s h a ls s h o u ld rid e side by side, but, fig u re s? C learly , so long as w tT holrt th an k s to the tac t of B oth, neither o v er th e G erm an people th e th r e a t outplaced the other. As suprem e com of a rm e d o c c u p a tio n , so long, as h a s m ander of ti.e Allies, Foch had the po s itio n of honor on the right, but been re c e n tly a rg u e d in th e house throughout the whole five m iles of the of com m ons, do we p lace in th e m arch through the stre e ts of P aris, h a n d s of e v e ry re a c tio n a ry G erjn an M arsltal Foci) was careful to keep his c a p ita lis t a w eapon to d e p re ss still horse a t least a yard behind Joffre. f u r th e r th e in d u s tr ia l c o n d itio n s of Focli’s right of th e line was offset by t h a t c o u n try , a n d c o n se q u e n tly of his allow ing Joffre to ride a few feet th is c o u n try . D oes n o t o u r d o m estic alu-ad, and the difficulty was solved. fin a n c e d epend upon o u r o v e rse a s tr a d e ; does n o t t h a t in tu rn d epend upon Europe p ro d u c in g goods? It is th e v in d ic tiv e s p irit b e h in d th e F urn ish e d In e p irs tlc n fo r Stevenson’ s peace tre a ty t h a t h a s so g rav e ly a r S to ry, “ T he W re cke rs.” T he old South Sea trad in g schooner re s te d E u ro p e a n p ro d u c tiv e n e ss. I n E quator, fam ous as the vessel on e v ita b ly B rita in , w hose ex isten ce which R obert Louis Stevenson is said h in g es on h e r a b ility to sell goods to have received the inspiration for to th e n a tio n s of th e w o rld , is ser- his story of "T he W reckers," has been io u sly m en aced by th e G e rm a n w ork - granted a reprieve from Davy Jo n e s’ e r s ’ *jow s ta n d a r d of liv in g . If th e boneyard of w orn-out ships. th r e a t of a rm e d o cc u p atio n w as r e T he E quator, for m any y ears a P u get Sound steam tug, w as about to be m oved th e G e rm a n w o rk e r wrould e n d e a v o r to ra is e his discarded, when it w as decided to n a tu r a lly open up her hull. T he fram es w ere s ta n d a r d of liv in g a g a in , a n d so, in found to be of P ort Oxford cedar and c id e n ta lly , allo w o u r ow n w o rk e rs to as good, according to m arine men. m a in ta in th e irs. as when she slid down th e w ays a t A re a s o n a b le w o rk in g e x isten ce in Benicia, Cal., in 1888. As a resu lt the vessel w as recently rebuilt, her steam G erm an y is n o t. a G e rm a n a ff a ir . o n - englne replaced w ith a Diesel pow’er P y: ’s a B ritis h a f f a ir ; it is a engine, and she will shortly resum e w o rld a ff a ir . If, th e n , th e n a tio n s h er c a re e r as a tug. a g re e d upon th e G eneva co n fe re n ce The story goes th a t Stevenson, m ak w ith G e rm a n y a b o u t th e in te r n a ing a voyage in th e E q u ato r—then a tio n a l incK istrial issu e , s u re ly th e schooner—am ong th e “islands of ro tim e Iwfs a lso a rriv e d fo r th e m to m ance,” w as sittin g in th e cabin one night w ith a gath erin g of tra d e rs, a d m it h e r to th o se o th e r d e lib e ra pearl fishers and o th ers and heard an tio n s w hich, as a ll E u ro p e since V er- old South Sea y arn th a t gave him th e sa ille s h a s seen, h a v e so g ra v e an idea fo r “T he W reckers,” L a ter he econom ic m e a n in g , n o t to G erm an y recorded th a t fact In his diary. a lo n e , o r to B rita in , b u t to E u ro p e \ ears late r the E quator w as equipped an(p w o ri<j. I n te r n a tio n a l pros- w lth steam engines and in course of perity depends upon internation al tim e m ade her ap p earan ce on Puget , x. soun(1 j good w ill. I n te r n a tio n a l good w ill H er ow ners say she ls good for can be o b ta in e d o nly if n a tio n a lis m m any m ore y ears of service. h e k e p t in its p ro p e r place, a n d th a t Oregon IF I w ere boss. • « • I’D OPEN shop. ja A T TWELVE o’clock? • • • ANO CLOSE at one. • « • WITH ONE hour off. « • • FOR LUNCH, and L • • • WOULD GET old Sam, • • • TO RUN me out. IN HIS big six. * * • AND DROP me off. • ♦ # UNDER A greenwood tree. • • • BESIDE A babbling brook. « • • AND THERE I’d lie. « • • AND EVERY once. • • • IN A while. « » • ROLL OVER. * * • OR M AYBE s it and think. • • • BUT MOST likely. * • • JUST SIT. • • • AND EVERY once. • • • N A w h ile I’d light. ♦ * • ONE OF m y C h esterfield s* • • • AND OH Boy. • • • I GUE3S th a t w ouldn't, • • • 8ATI8FYI • • * FAMOUS TUG GETS REPRIEVE B O M PA N IO N SH IP? Say»} there never was such a cig* arette as Chesterfield for ste a d y company! Ju st as mild and smooth as tobaccos can be— b u t with a mellow “body” that sa tis fies even cigar smokers. On la z j days or busy ones— all th e th n S — you w ant th is “ s a t i s f y - smoke.” C C IG A R E T T E S L iggett & M ye »» T obacco C o . D id y o n know akt>ut Cita - ChM torfield packogv a/JDP