Tuesday, N ovem ber 2 9 , 1921
..............
""' — ■■
LIFE STUDY TO
BEATGERMANY
Foch Began at 20 to Work for
Downfall of Teutonic Power.
FLEXÎBILITY IS HIS MAXi^
France in Debt to G eneralissim o of
A llie d A rm ie s fo r H is M ilita r y In-
s tru c tio n — Keen S tu d e n t o f Napo
leon’ s C am paigns and o f German
S ta ff M ethods, He Accepted N either,
b u t Pruned and G ra fte d the T w o
T ogether— Sense o f P ro p rie ty .
"My cen ter gives way, my right re­
cedes; the situation is excellen t; I
shall a tta ck ."
The w rite r of th is m essage to his
com m anding officer was e ith e r a crim ­
inal b rag g art or one of the g rea test of
generals, depending w hether his a t­
tack succeeded or failed. If it failed,
a country would have clam ored for
th e life of a general who sent his com-
_ m and to certain destruction.
If it
succeeded, his dispatch should rank
w ith other historical battle m essages,
such as “Don’t give up the ship,
“JBngland expects every m an to do his
duty," and “ We have met th e enemy
and they a re ours.”
T he a tta c k did not fail. The au th o r
of th is dispatch had said several y e a rs
b efo re: “A b a ttle won is a b a ttle in
which one refuses to adm it th a t one is
beaten.” A fter w riting the dispatch he
guve the order to a tta ck , then, while
his men w ere going forw ard, lie took
a young staff officer for a walk and
discussed m etallurgy and economics.
H is men pushed back the enemy a t a
vital point in the line, the enemy w ith­
drew and P a ris was saved.
The m essage w as sent during the
first b a ttle of the M arne in Septem ber,
W14.
It w as w ritten by F erdinand
Foch, m arshal of F rance, then a gen­
e ral c o m m a n d in g /th e N inth French
arm y holding the allied center.
Second B a ttle of the Marne.
T he offensive begun by Foch a t La
Fere-C'ham penoise rep re sen ts th e tu rn ­
ing point of th< first b a ttle of the
M arne.
But the allied generalissim o
w as in a sim ilar situ atio n on the eve­
ning of Ju ly 17, 1918, while a second
b a ttle of the M arne was being fought.
At th a t tim e lie m ight have p a ra ­
phrased his e a rlie r m essage by w rit­
ing : "My left in F la n d ers gives way,
my cen ter recedes, P a ris and the chan­
nel p o rts are m enaced. T he situation
Is ea.eeiipjjt. I will a tta c k .” ✓
And a tta c k be did on tfie m orning of
the 18th w ith two French and two
Am erican divisions. H e conriiihetj to
UUtil U i?
faiye to him :
and askeu hiu: tC StCp, aim m s a tta c k s
did not stop until 10:59 a. m., Novem­
ber 11, 1918. And had the arm istice
failed, he had yet an o th er and more
disconcerting a tta c k planned in every
Retail for Novem ber 14, in which
French and Am erican divisions would
have sw ept past Metz and into Lor­
raine. Since lie w as tw enty. M arshal
Foch had been w orking for the defeat
of Germ any.
Of the m any generals who achieved
prom inence during the w ar, Foch and
H indenburg w ere m ilitary school teach­
ers before 1914. H ere com parison ends.
H indenburg w as a retired officer d u r­
ing the w ar.
W hen the G erm ans
moved tow ard P a ris the R ussians
sw ept into P russia, and the German
high comm and was in a n ear panic.
Then some one rem em bered the griz­
zled Individual w ith a close-cropped
head and generous m ustache who for
year a fte r year at the staff college
had an n ihilated the enem y in a paper
cam paign in the M asorian lake region,
then invaded by the R ussians.
H in­
denburg was summ oned to B eilin. He
refreshed him self w ith his lecture
notes, took comm and of the eastern
forces, and the M asurian lakes cam ­
paign w as won fo r the G erm ans. H in­
denburg’» m ilitary rep u tatio n rests
upon th is one cam paign th a t had been
a G erm an general staff exercise for
years before the war.
i-
F le x ib ility
Foch’s M axim .
W ith Foch, on the o th er hand, it was
one of his principles th a t w ar against
a skillful enemy cannot he waged suc­
cessfully according to blue print alone.
H e had been teaching for years to
young French officers, candidates for
staff positions, th at, above uli else,
m odern w a rfa re dem ands flexibility.
P la n s go wrong, and su rp rises occur
constantly which m ust be m et as they
arise.
T hese w ere the principles he
set forth In his w orks on the "A rt of
W ar,” as Foch p refe rs to term what
Is called m ore often m ilitary science.
Like o th er F rench officers, he s a tu ­
ra te d him self w ith N apoleon’s cam ­
paigns, but In addition he had been a
p ain stak in g student of G erm an staff
m ethods.
As a resu lt he accepted
n eith er Napoleon nor th e Germ an gen­
eral staff slavishly, but ra th e r pruned
and g rafted the tw o together. The
fundam ental of his principles of w ar
w as the insistence upon m orale, th a t
as much intelligence and spirit are
needed to carry out orders as to Issue
them .
It Is doubtful w hether the French
arm y should be m ore gratefu l to Foch
for his services during the w ar or for
his work as an In stru cto r a t the Su­
perior School of W ir during the years
previous to 1914.
H e w as the first
Frenchm an, and probably the first
m ilitary student of im portance, who
was able to dissect th e G erm an opera­
tions in th e w ar of 1870. Until Foch
w ent to the Ecole ’e G uerre in 1894
(as a teacher. :t
s im possible for
PAGB T H U S *
French officers to study the German
operations of 1870 calmly.
H onest
a tte m p ts had been made, in fact the
Ecole de G uerre w as established ju st
a fte r th e F ranco-P russian w ar as a
p a rt of the reorganization of the
French arm y, w ith a view to discov- i
ering ju s t w hat happened in 1870. [
B u f until Foch w as detailed to the
school In 1804 it w as ju st like trying
to find out th e m anner in which Mr.
W illiam P atterso n had been assaulted. ,
it w as too soon Rafter the w ar, for the
h e a rts of both officers and stu d en ts
were too heavy with sadness over the
loss of A lsace-Lorraine to investigate
the facts dispassionately.
Foch’s A nti-G erm an S trategy.
H is Sense of P ro p rie ty .
A Business Service Station
M e lik e to tlunk of till« In stitution
as
a b u sin ess
service station — w h ere a n y o n e can come for advice a n d
______
•
By SIR G O D FR EY P. CO LLIN S
G.
Foch w as the first man t o fill the
F rench w ith hope th a t F rench general-
ship m ight be a m atch fo r Germ an. As
calmly, us m athem atically and ag cold-
bloodedly as the G erm an general staff
itself, Foch set to work to analyze for
his pupils G erm an m ilitary science. H e
arrived a t a conclusion ju st the op-
posite to w hat m ight be expected. In-
stead of declaring th a t in the next
w ar F ran ce m ust l»eat Germ any a t her
own game, he em phasized th a t F rench
strateg y m ust be the opposite of Ger-
man, th a t iron-clad plans m ust give
to tle ja b ilitj.
These principles had an enorm ous
i,n >n I- rench staff
<.♦ «, work
i i during
effect upon
the w ar, for th e young students, who
were filled w ith enthusiasm over
Foch’s m axim s laid down in the School
of W ar in the late nineties, w ere the
division com m anders and the corps
and arm y staff officers, oi th e W orld
w ar. T h at F ran ce alone of the allies
had w ell-trained and active-m inded
staff officers In 1914 is largely due to
Foch.
M arshal Foch w as born in Tarbeg,
October 2, 1851. Boyish enthusiasm
over the cam paigns of Napoleon—he
l,a,l m « « ™ « T l " e r s
oi the
C onsulate and the E m pire before he
was tw e lv e -fille d him w ith the am-
bition to e n te r the arm y. The year
previous to the F ranco-P russian w ar
he was studying a t St. C lem ent’s, a
Je su it eollege in Metz, w here m ore
candidates for arm y com issions were
tau g h t than at any o th er school in
F rance. He enlisted as a p riv ate in
the F o u rth regim ent of infan try which
never got into action. A lsace-Lorraine
lost and wi<li it his beloved school at
Metz, he entered the Polytechnique at
F ontainebleau, and a fte r the usual g a r­
rison life lie was detailed to the Ecole
de G uerre as a ssista n t professor of
m ilitary history ami strategy.
Two stories may be told to illu strate
M arshal Foch’s sense of fitness of
things.
T here is th e incident a t his
h e a d q u arte rs c ar the night the G erm an
com m issioners arrived to negotiate for
an arm istice. The m ilitary delegate
w
as wearing,
among
o th er decorations,
tlw
,r ,.s 8
,l„. * Legion
Hon” ;
~. ucu
G i»
P-
( W r itte n fo r th e In te r n a tio n a l News
S ervice a n d L o n d o n D aily N ew s)
LONDON, Nov. 29.— C a p ta in s ot
in d u s try a n d th e w o rk in g classes th e
w o rld o v e r a g re e th a t a n in te rn a -
tio n a l in d u s tr ia l co n fe re n ce w hich
ig n o re d G erm an y w ould be folly.
x
„
F ° r t h a t re a so n G erm aQ y waa re p re -
sente<^ a t G eneva re c e n tly ,
T hey see c le a rly efiough th a t th e
success of in te rn a tio n a lis m d ep en d s
upon th e h e a rty c o -o p e ra tio n of a ll
■ countries. W h a t is less g e n e ra lly
..
. .
, .
e v id e n t is t h a t in th e p o litic a l field
th e a b sen c e of a s im ila rly c o m p lete
c o -o p e ra tio n m ay h a v e q u ite a dis-
a s tro u s e ffe c t upon in d u s try
Y et th e m ain p ro b le m of o u r
w o rk e rs to d a y is n o t so m uch to
fig h t e m p lo y e rs a n d d e te rm in e th e ir
s h a re of p ro fits as to sto p a rtific ia l
con(iitio n s in G erm an y fro m b rin g
ing down th e general standard of
living.
A L o w er L evel
T he fa c t is t h a t a llie d p o lle r h a s i
c re a tc d a rtlflc la l co n d itio n 8 w b ich .
.
COmpel G e rm a n y
b * a b lac k leg
am o n g th e n a tio n s . T he th r e a t of an ’
a rm e d o cc u p atio n of th e ir c o u n try
w hich h a n g s o v er th e G e rm a n peo
pie is la rg e ly re sp o n sib le fo r d riv ­
ing th e m to w ork a t a m uch low er
level of s u b siste n c e th a n th e y had
b e fo re th e w ar.
I t is n o t a sim p le a f f a ir to say
p recisely how f a r th e s ta n d a r d of
life fo r th e G erm an w o rk e r h a s f a ll­
en below his 1914 level. T he fed e ra l
s ta tis tic a l o ffice c a lc u la te s t h a t th e
m o st o f liv in g w as n in e tim es as
higK in F e b ru a ry -M a rc h , 1921, a s in
1913-14. A fte r a c a re fu l in q u iry , on
th e o th e r h a n d , th e g e n e ra l fe ‘ora­
tion of tra d e u n io n s e s tim a te th a t,
, a lth o u g h w ages h a v e in c re a se d by
e ig h t th e cost of liv in g is fifte e n
tim e s w h a t it w as b e fo re th e w a r
, any
80 w lde
assistan ce in order that hie business m ay run ju s t aa>
is th e special m issio n of a ll th e n a ­
tio n s le a g u e d to g e th e r. If in a d e m ­
o cracy p a ssin g g u sts of n a tio n a lism
m u st be ta k e n n o te of, n e ith e r
sh o u ld th e fin e r in s tin c ts of o u r
people be ig n o re d .
I t is t r u e t h a t j
th ey wanted» th e k a is e r ’s h e a d ; it is j
also tr u e th a t b o th in th e f ir s t d a y s:
a n d in th e la s t days of th e w ar,
th e y m o st m ovingly a ro s e to th e call
of a g re a t id e a l. I t is a s ta te s m a n ’s!
d u ty to fo s te r th e la te n t id e a lism of
th e B ritis h public.
sm oothly as possible.
The Citizens Bank
Ashland,
The Office of the
H E KNEW ,
'
Sunday School
T each er:
W hy
should we all be
c h a rita b le ?
Sm all Boy: Be­
cause c h a rity cov­
e rs a m u ltitu d e
of sins.
Oregon Gas &
Electric Co.
has been moved to
$1.00 Ptofit
Provost Bros.
Christmas Sale atl
Orres Tailor Shop|
now on.
Don’t Miss It.
here all business will be transacted and gas bill will
be paid.
Mr. Provost has been appointed agent for the company.
W ith ocknow ltdgm tntt io K . C. B ,
Qh Boy! A ir t 4his
life
I LIKE m y Job.
• * •
BUT DAY8 do come.
• • •
W HEN 8KIES are blue.
* » •
ABOVE THE city smoke.
• • •
AND BREE7ES stir.
• • •
TH E PAPERS on my desk,
• » •
AND THEN I think.
• • •
W HAT I would do.
which had been
conferred upon him eXHCt s ta tls tic s - W e can. how ever,
before the war.
T he G erm ans filed form a ro u g h g e n e ra l idea of G er-
ihly th e stQod room in Mwrslifll f ye»i s j m an c o n d itio n s to d a y from
th e
Car auu saiuted.
Foch iuuue no fiigii. ‘ k n o w n daily w age in m a rk s , because
hut sta re d a t the red ribbon th at a lth o u g h it is im p o ssib le to say ac-
seemed so out of place among G erm an c u ra te ly w h a t th e m a rk is w o rth to
decorations
W hile his associates th e G erm an w o rk e r, f rOm th e p oint
fidgeted, the G erm an officer finally
.
. ,
f
t
..
, , .
..
. .. , .
. ,
• of view of in te r n a tio n a l la b o r its
saw a g reat light and in silence re-
,
moved the French decoration. Then ' a ue ls one Penny. On th a t b asis,
Foch acknow ledged the salute and en- a c c o rd in g to th e ta b le s issu e d by
tered into a discussion of the arm is th e m in is try of la b o r, we fin d th e
tice term s,
fo llo w in g ra te s of pay p er day in
Then th ere w as his tactfu l, punctlli- C ologne:
ous behavior the day of the Victory
Coal m in e rs, 2s 4d to 5s.; m o u ld ­
F e te in P aris, Ju ly 14, 1919. P relim ­
e rs, 4 s.8 d .; f itte r s , 4 s.2 d .; c o tto n
inary plan s had Foch selected to lead
the allies’ m arch through the Arc de sp in n e rs , 2s 8 < ; ta n n e r s , 2 s.8 d .;
m a ls te rs ,
4 s.3d.;
Triom phe, hut some friends of Joffre p o tte rs , 2 s.3 d .;
th reaten ed to m ake political capita! sk illed b u ild e rs, 4 s,1 0 d .; p a in te rs
if the senior m a rsh a l of F ran ce did a n d d e c o ra to rs , 4s.3d .; c o m p o sito rs,
not have a ¡.lace at the head of the 3s.9d. to 4 s.3d.; b a k e rs . 4s S<5.; ag-
procession. It was a delicate m atter ric iiltu r a l w o rk e rs, 2s.; p a p e r m ill
to decide which should precede the
,
„ „ ,
xl
„ „ ,
i- ,
.. .
„ ,
w o rk e rs, 2 s.6 d .; c u tle rs , 3 s.4 d .; a n d
o th e r. I-och w a s g e n e r a lis s im o o f th e
allied land forces, yet in the French ¿ n a k e rs of le a th e r goods, 3s.Sd.
arm y he w as outran k ed by Joffre.
A M enace to T ia d e
It was finally decided th a t the mar- \ W h a t is th e sig n ific a n c e of th e se
s h a ls s h o u ld rid e side by side, but, fig u re s? C learly , so long as w tT holrt
th an k s to the tac t of B oth, neither o v er th e G erm an people th e th r e a t
outplaced the other. As suprem e com­
of a rm e d o c c u p a tio n , so long, as h a s
m ander of ti.e Allies, Foch had the po­
s itio n of honor on the right, but been re c e n tly a rg u e d in th e house
throughout the whole five m iles of the of com m ons, do we p lace in th e
m arch through the stre e ts of P aris, h a n d s of e v e ry re a c tio n a ry G erjn an
M arsltal Foci) was careful to keep his c a p ita lis t a w eapon to d e p re ss still
horse a t least a yard behind Joffre. f u r th e r th e in d u s tr ia l c o n d itio n s of
Focli’s right of th e line was offset by t h a t c o u n try , a n d c o n se q u e n tly of
his allow ing Joffre to ride a few feet
th is c o u n try . D oes n o t o u r d o m estic
alu-ad, and the difficulty was solved.
fin a n c e d epend upon o u r o v e rse a s
tr a d e ; does n o t t h a t in tu rn d epend
upon Europe p ro d u c in g goods?
It
is th e v in d ic tiv e s p irit b e h in d th e
F urn ish e d In e p irs tlc n fo r Stevenson’ s
peace tre a ty t h a t h a s so g rav e ly a r ­
S to ry, “ T he W re cke rs.”
T he old South Sea trad in g schooner re s te d E u ro p e a n p ro d u c tiv e n e ss. I n ­
E quator, fam ous as the vessel on e v ita b ly B rita in , w hose ex isten ce
which R obert Louis Stevenson is said h in g es on h e r a b ility to sell goods
to have received the inspiration for to th e n a tio n s of th e w o rld , is ser-
his story of "T he W reckers," has been io u sly m en aced by th e G e rm a n w ork -
granted a reprieve from Davy Jo n e s’ e r s ’ *jow s ta n d a r d of liv in g . If th e
boneyard of w orn-out ships.
th r e a t of a rm e d o cc u p atio n w as r e ­
T he E quator, for m any y ears a P u ­
get Sound steam tug, w as about to be m oved th e G e rm a n w o rk e r wrould
e n d e a v o r to ra is e his
discarded, when it w as decided to n a tu r a lly
open up her hull. T he fram es w ere s ta n d a r d of liv in g a g a in , a n d so, in ­
found to be of P ort Oxford cedar and c id e n ta lly , allo w o u r ow n w o rk e rs to
as good, according to m arine men. m a in ta in th e irs.
as when she slid down th e w ays a t
A re a s o n a b le w o rk in g e x isten ce in
Benicia, Cal., in 1888. As a resu lt the
vessel w as recently rebuilt, her steam G erm an y is n o t. a G e rm a n a ff a ir . o n -
englne replaced w ith a Diesel pow’er P y:
’s a B ritis h a f f a ir ; it is a
engine, and she will shortly resum e w o rld a ff a ir . If, th e n , th e n a tio n s
h er c a re e r as a tug.
a g re e d upon th e G eneva co n fe re n ce
The story goes th a t Stevenson, m ak­ w ith G e rm a n y a b o u t th e in te r n a ­
ing a voyage in th e E q u ato r—then a tio n a l incK istrial issu e , s u re ly th e
schooner—am ong th e “islands of ro­
tim e Iwfs a lso a rriv e d fo r th e m to
m ance,” w as sittin g in th e cabin one
night w ith a gath erin g of tra d e rs, a d m it h e r to th o se o th e r d e lib e ra ­
pearl fishers and o th ers and heard an tio n s w hich, as a ll E u ro p e since V er-
old South Sea y arn th a t gave him th e sa ille s h a s seen, h a v e so g ra v e an
idea fo r “T he W reckers,” L a ter he econom ic m e a n in g , n o t to G erm an y
recorded th a t fact In his diary.
a lo n e , o r to B rita in , b u t to E u ro p e
\ ears late r the E quator w as equipped an(p
w o ri<j. I n te r n a tio n a l pros-
w lth steam engines and in course of
perity depends upon internation al
tim e m ade her ap p earan ce on Puget ,
x.
soun(1
j good w ill.
I n te r n a tio n a l good w ill
H er ow ners say she ls good for can be o b ta in e d o nly if n a tio n a lis m
m any m ore y ears of service.
h e k e p t in its p ro p e r place, a n d th a t
Oregon
IF I w ere boss.
• « •
I’D OPEN shop.
ja
A T TWELVE o’clock?
• • •
ANO CLOSE at one.
• « •
WITH ONE hour off.
« • •
FOR LUNCH, and L
• • •
WOULD GET old Sam,
• • •
TO RUN me out.
IN HIS big six.
* * •
AND DROP me off.
• ♦ #
UNDER A greenwood tree.
• • •
BESIDE A babbling brook.
« • •
AND THERE I’d lie.
« • •
AND EVERY once.
• • •
IN A while.
« » •
ROLL OVER.
* * •
OR M AYBE s it and think.
• • •
BUT MOST likely.
* • •
JUST SIT.
• • •
AND EVERY once.
• • •
N A w h ile I’d light.
♦ * •
ONE OF m y C h esterfield s*
• • •
AND OH Boy.
• • •
I GUE3S th a t w ouldn't,
• • •
8ATI8FYI
• • *
FAMOUS TUG GETS REPRIEVE
B
O M PA N IO N SH IP?
Say»}
there never was such a cig*
arette as Chesterfield for ste a d y
company!
Ju st as mild and
smooth as tobaccos can be— b u t
with a mellow “body” that sa tis­
fies even cigar smokers. On la z j
days or busy ones— all th e th n S
— you w ant th is “ s a t i s f y -
smoke.”
C
C IG A R E T T E S
L iggett & M ye »» T obacco C o .
D id y o n know akt>ut Cita -
ChM torfield packogv a/JDP