Heppner gazette., April 07, 1910, Image 7

BELLS WITH A HISTORY
Ancient Chimes Occupying the Bel
fry of St. Michael's, Charles
ton, S. C.
"MOST FAMOUS IN AMEEICA,
in 150 Years They Have Had Many
Strenuous Experiences, But
They Are StM oa Duty.
Replete in Its landmarks of other
days, old Charleston Is a South Caro
lina city to be beguilded more by evi
dence of what has been, rather than
by what is, says Winifred S. Haynet
In the Atlanta Journal. Among Its
many remaining edifices of bygone
days there are none which speaks
more eloquently of the cultured relig
ious life of this gracious city than its
many interesting and beautiful old-
time churches, erected in many in
stances by the grandfathers and great
grandfathers of the men and women
who attend their services to-day.
Tourists go to St. Michael's, opened
for worship In 1752, the oldest un-
modeled church in the United States.
Modeled after the church by Christo
pher Wren, In London, the resem
blance, though not so pretentious, Is
quite marked. In the small, crowded
churchyard adjoining sleeps the dis
tinguished statesman, Robert Hayne,
and few Indeed are the crumbling
tones which do not bear names of
men and women whose lives meant
much in these proud colonial days of
that old city.
Within the church are many tablets
too many, In fact, to read. One is
shown the pew in wjiich Washington
eat, and which has since been oc
cupied by most of the city's dlstln
guished visitors Robert E. Lee, the
Princess Louise of England, and vari
ous of our Presidents.
It Is a pretty day, and if one has
the courage for the climb, he may
use his own pleasure about ascending
through the belfry to the watch tower
UBed during the revolution. From
there an excellent view of the city may
be had, and of the beautiful harbor,
with little Fort Sumter a black dot,
and the misty ocean stretching far be
yond. The situation naturally reminds one
of the Old North Church at Boston,
with Its celebrated lanterns "one tf
by land and two If by sea." In the
belfry are to be seen the chimes,
which, In point of history at least, are
the most famous In the United States.
Originally Imported from England,
they have crossed the Atlantic live,
and In the case of one bell, seven
times, to do duty for St. Michael's,
nothing demonstrating to a greater ex
tent the Charleston people's regard for
sentiment than the history of these
chimes.
Confiscated by the British In the
days of the American revolution, dur
ing Sir Henry Clinton's occupancy of
the city, they were sent to England
as trophies of war, where later they
were purchased by a private citizen
and returned to Charleston. In tho
course of time one of them became
cracked and was sent to London for
repair. During the Civil War they
were sent to Columbia, S. C, by che
people of Charleston to be made Into
cannon If needed. They were spared,
however, but when Sherman burned
Columbia they were ruined, until their
molten metal was gathered up and
again shipped to London, where they
were remodeled in the original casts
by the successors of the first firm.
Up In their belfry home they still ring
Out In the glad refrain they have
played, when possible, each Sunday
morning for more than 150 years; for
regardless of this sad old city's In
numberable cala.mitle"s Its wars and
fires and floods, Its disastrous storms
and earthquakes St. Michael's chimes
have continued to "Praise God from
Whom All Blessings Flow."
JAPAN TURNS TO BEEF.
Mra Policy Adopted In Order to In
crease Stature of Ita People.
It Is rather startling after all that
has been said and written regarding
the rice and fish diet of the Japanese
to learn that their government has es
tablished large farms with a view to
obtaining sufficient cattle for slaughter,
so that each day some flesh food may
be distributed to their soldiers, says
the Salt Lake Tribune. It has been
heralded far and wide that the many
reasons for the wonderful victories of
the Japanese armies during the late
war with Russia lay in the great stam
ina and endurance of the little yel
low warriors, who heretofore had lived
exclusively on fish and rice. So this
new policy of the mikado's advisors
will cause much surprise and also con
siderable regret among the advocates
of vegetarianism.
This new measure is part of a
plan which, so it Is hoped by the au
thorities, will result in increasing the
height of the race. The superior stat
ure of the white races has been the
envy of the natives ever since the in
vasion of the former into the Islands,
and much consideration has been given
to means to lengthening their own
bodies. So now a flesh diet Is to be
tried. A number of observations give
color to the hope that it may prove
effective. Thus the tribe or clan of
wrestlers, who are of considerable Im
portance In Japan and who there live
almost apart from the rest of the peo
ple and whose diet consists largely of
meat, present individuals of a gigantic
stature.
Under the ancient regime the eating
of flesh was regarded with great hor
ror by the whole population. The
nobles alone tasted at times the flesh
of the wild boar, as a fitting end to
an exciting hunt. But within the lost
twenty-five years the consumption of
meat has spread among the people, un
til now In the streets of the cities
booths are to be found in plain view,
where for a small sum generotfs por
Hons of boiling beef or of horseflesh
can be bought. The Europeans and
the Americans who have lived in Ja
pan for thirty years or so, or those
who revisit that land after a long ab
sence, testify that even now this par
tial introduction of a meat diet has
modified the physical appearance of
the laboring classes. The men are less
pale and more muscular. It appears
also that their stature has been consid
erably increased, at least among tne
coolies and military. On the contrary,
among the artisans and other workers
of sedentary habits, who continue tqf.
live on rice and vegetables, we find, as
heretofore, many individuals of exceed
ing small stature.
WHITE IMMIGRANTS FOR HAWAII
Rnialan and Portuguese Beginning
to Heplace the Orientals.
"Honolulu Is encouraging to the ut
most immigration of whites to the is
lands," said Antonio Perry, associate
Justice of the supreme court of Hawaii
and former member of the board of
education of the islands, according to
the Los Angeles Herald.
"The country is succeeding to a de
gree that is most satisfactory to the
planters, for we find the white laborer
is far superior to the Chinese and Ja
panese. The Russians have proved
themselves especially adaptable to
work on the plantations. Five hun
dred Russians arrived from Siberia
four months ago and more than 800
Portuguese were brought from the
Azores islands at about that time. In
fact, we have an agent, C. L. Atkinson,
recently secretary of the territory,
who makes his headquarters In Siberia
and before many year there will be
great numbers of Russians settle per
manently In the islands. We are no
longer threatened with the yellow
peril.
"The educational system of the is
lands Is second to none in the United
States. Considerable attention la paid
to the development and care of the
youth. We have a Juvenile court con
ducted in a Blmllar manner as that of
Colorado. The youths who are charged
with wrongdoing are separated from
the more hardened criminals before
and after they are tried and until they
begin the service of the sentence im
posed upon them.
'I am not much of a booster," said
Judge Perry, "but perhaps it would
not bp out of the way to say that Hon
olulu is flooded with visitors and a"s a
consequence is building up a great
tourist trade that in point of annual
revenue Is becoming an Important fig
ure with her. This trade, however, is
greatly impaired because of lack of
steamer accommodations, and the
coastwise law passed by Congress,
which prohibits carrying a passenger
from one city to another. The Philip
pines have had this law suspended. We
are asking Congress to suspend the
operation of this act for a limited time
until ships can be built to carry cue
trade."
WIPED OUT BY SMALLPOX.
Only One Survivor In a Russian Vil
lage of 1,100 Inhabitants.
Details of the wiping out of an en
tire Russian village by smallpox have
Just reached St. Petersburg, says a
New York Press correspondent.' The
village Is named Volskaya, and Is sit
uated in tle Island of Sachalln.
Until a few weeks ago Its population
was 1,100. Sanitation, as in most
Russian villages, was conspicuously
absent, and when the disease first ap
peared a few months ago no one was
troubled about It. Smallpox In Rus
sia Is frequently called the "holy
sickness," and no attempt was made at
vaccination.
Sick and healthy children were
habitually bathed together, that being
believed an efficacious treatment, and
after the local priest died the bodies
remained unburied. Thus the epidemic
raged unchecked and entire families,
from grandfather to grandchild, were
stricken.
Finally a sanitary commission was
sent from the mainland, but could ac
complish nothing. It has been decided
to burn to the ground this "village of
death," as it is popularly called. Of
the 1,100 Inhabitants only one remains,
a man of 72, named Vassilleff. The
disease spared him, but he has be
come a maniac.
The Worst Ever.
Is our new Congressman homelyT
Well, I should say! Did you ever see
a photograph of him?"
Why, no, but I've seen carloatures
of him."
Oh, they flatter him; you should see
one of his photographs." Catholic
Standard and Times.
Called Her 1)1 off.
"He's a brute!"
"What has he been doing now?"
"I threatened to leave him, and he
told me he would button my gown up
the back If I would hurry." Houston
Post.
A Personal Definition.
Penley (stuck for a word) Let's
see! What is that you call a man
who marries more than one wife?
Crump An Idiot, I call him. Bos
ton Transcript.
The world Is becoming better. Only
a few people now play the mandolin.
It doesn't hurt a Joke to crack it
DOINGS OF OUR NATIONAL MAKER!
Washington, April 2. In the solem
nity of a ' service in memory of a de
parted colleague, Francis W. Cushman,
late representative from Washington,
Speaker Cannon in the house today
talked of the trials met by public men
in dealing with , popular opinion and
speculated upon the mysteries of the
hereafter. Mr. Cannon then relin
quished the gavel to Representative
McCredie. N'
There were only a few members
present chiefly those who were to
speak of the life and character of Mr.
Cushman.' In the galleries, too, there
was only a sprinkling of visitors, a
majority of whom had dropped in mere
ly to see the house in session and with
no special interest in the proceedings.
Members of the house and senate are
struggling with the question of fram
ing laws to further conservation.
Both houses of congress have been so
occupied that little attention has been
paid to the subject until two or three
days ago.
Since Friday, however, efforts have
been made to get some of the adminis
tration measures dealing with conser
vation into shape for presentation.
The public lands committee of the
house has gone to pieces on the propos
ed law to authorize the president to
make withdrawals and classifications
of public lands, and the members are
now divided into several groups, each
pulling in a different direction.
Washington, April 1. That the cor
poration tax law will be amended to
restrict the operation of its publicity
feature was virtually assured today
when the house slightly amended a pro
vision previously adopted by the senate
for that purpose.
As passed ' by "the house today, the
law provides :
"All corporation tax returns shall be
open to inspection only upon the order
of the president, under rules and regu
lations to be prescribed by the secre
tary of the treasury and approved by
the president.
As previously provided by the sen
ate, such corporation tax reports were
"to be made public when called for by
resolution of the senate or the house of
representatives or under the order of
the president when he desires it for
public interests.
Under the guise of protecting the
watersheds of navigable streams, the
ultra-conservationists in congress,
otherwise known as the "Pinchotites,
are undertaking to slip through a bill
which will extend the vast system of
forest reserves into every state in the
Union, entail the expenditure of unes-
ti mated millions of dollars of govern
ment money, and swell the forest ser
vice to proportions never dreamt of by
Gifford Pinchot, even in his palmiest
days.
It is all being done by subterfuge,
in which clever effort is being made to
conceal the mam purpose of the legis
lation in question.
Washington, March 31. Determined
to obtain congressional action on the
bill requiring the publication of cam
paign contributions, Perry Belmont,
head of the organization to further
that movement, announced today that
Senator Bailey, would introduce in the
senate tomorrow the measure he said
he had been trying for a month to in
duce Senator Burrows, of Michigan,
chairman or the committee on privi
leges and elections, to present.
Commanding the careful attention of
a majority of his colleagues, Senator
Root today consumed three hours in
continuing his speech in defense of the
administration railroad bill before the
senate. He again failed to conclude
his remarks. He defended the merger
provisions of the bill as a great ad
vance over existing law, as it made
the purchase of one company's stock
by another' an offense, while he argued,
such acquisition was not now illegal
except as part of a conspiracy.
Representative Sabath of Illinois,
wants to know whether officials of the
department of justice scattered
throughout the country form cliques
and have a monopoly of bankruptcy
and other cases that come into the Fed
eral courts. .
According to' Sabath, it is impossi
ble in many cities for litigants to em
ploy the counsel they desire, but they
are practically compelled to employ
members of the "favored circle," and
he asserts that the funds of litigants
frequently are absorbed in these
charges.
Congress may be able to adjourn on
May 15, said Senator Aldrich on leav
ing the White house today.
Several influential members of con
gress believed opposition to certain
features of the administration pro
gramme may cause the session to last
much longer.
Washinrton. March 3(1 RonrpacntB.
tive Bennett, of New York, today in
troduced a resolution to expunge from
the house record the renort of t.h sne-
cial committee that caused to be laid
on the table certain sections of one of
President Roosevelt's messages relat
ing to the secret service. The message
was interpreted as containing direct
reflections upon the integrity of mem
bers of the house.
Bill to Open Indians' Lands.
Washington. March 31. Senator
Chamberlain will introduce a bill sim
ilar to Hawley's to open the Klamath
reservation to settlement after the In
dians have been alio ted their lands in
severalty. Secretary Ballinger has
written him that he believes the lands
should be allotted, as well as that all
Indians on the Umatilla and Warm
Springs reservations should have their
allotments and the remaining lands
should be sold.
By some members the effort to ex
punge the record is taken as an indi
cation that Republicans of New York
state are planning to rally under" the
leadership of Colonel Roosevelt.
By their spectacular fight in the
house of representatives the republican
insurgents have gained absolutely no
practical concession. They have abol
ished the old .committee on rules, con
sisting of five members, and substitut
ed for it a committee of 10, but the
relative strength of majority and min
ority remains the same, and the insur
gents are without representation on
the committee.
Director Newell, of the reclamation
service today appeared before the ways
and means committee in practical op
position to the administration bill
making available $30,000,000 to hasten
the completion of the government irri
gation projects. He said that about
$7,000,000 a year now coming into the
reclamation fund would complete pend
mg projects.
Newell did not, in so many woras,
object to the bill. He said, however,
that the government today had consid
erable land under irrigation for which it
had been impossible thus far to find
Bettlers. His intimation was that, if
this $30,000,000 is made available, it
would flood the market with irrigated
land and the government would be
years in getting settlers to settle upon
it.
Washington, March 29. "While
there has been conservation of natural
resources at the presidential spigot,
there has been enormous waste going
on at the congressional bung," de
clared Senator Chamberlain, of Ore
gon, today, speaking on the bill em
powering the president to withdraw
public lands for forestry sites and other
purposes. Chamberlain favors the
measure, and on it he delivered his
first set speech. '
The bill specifies that the president
may withdraw land for water power
sites, irrigation, ' forestry reserves,
classification or other public purposes.
In giving his reasons for favoring
the measure, Chamberlain said that
first, the main principle involved, the
right of the president to withdraw
portions of the public domain from en
try, settlement or sale, had been ap
proved by every department of the gov
ernment from the earliest days.
The exercise of power necessary to
protect from legislative improvidence
what was left of the public domain
made the bill advisable, he declared,
He argued that it was necessary to
conserve undisposed and unappropriat
ed natural resources and favored the
bill as the best plan for accomplishing
this purpose.
The house today by vote of 125 to
64 voted in favor of a thorough investi
gation of the charges that a ship sub
sidy lobby is operating in Washington
for the purpose of influencing congress
men in favor of a ship subsidy. The
action is a result of a complaint by
Representative Steenerson, of Minne
sota, that he had been attacked by a
Cleveland newspaper which he believed
to be an organ of a ship subsidy lobby,
Washington, March 28. The move
ment for the transfer of water power
sites from the National government to
the several states and territories took
shape today when Senator Smoot in
troduced a bill for that purpose. Con
trary to general expectations the bill
will provide for the leasing of power
sites by the states and would not per
mit their sale under any conditions. It
would provide for a transfer to a state
whenever it was shown to the satisfac
tion of the secretary of the interior
that any tract of land was chiefly val
uable as a power site.
A caucus of the house Republicans is
to be called for next week to arrange
the programme of putting through that
body the administration's measures
now pending. Thjs was agreed upon
at the White house to day. The ques
tion of the caucus was taken up this
morning, when Representatives Town-
send and Hamilton Fish conferred with
the president.
The senate committee on judiciary
decided to make a favorable report on
the nomination of Robert M. Montgom
ery, of Michigan, presiding judge; Wil
liam H. Hunt, of Montana; James F.
Smith, of California, ; Orion M. Bar
ber, of Vermont, and Marion de Vries,
of California, as judges of the new
customs court of appeals.
Senator Beveridge today presented
to the senate the report of the commit
tee on territories favoring his bill in
preference to that passed by the house,
for the admission of New Mexico and
Arizona as separate states. . The re
port defends the changes made by the
senate committee in vigorous language,
Red Citizen Board Made.
Washington, March 30. Qualifica
tions of Indians to assume the rights
of citizenship will be determined in
the future by boards appointed by the
commissioner of Indian affairs, to be
known as "competency boards." This
is the result of an experiment initiated
last summer by Senator Valentine,
when he appointed such a competency
board for the Omaha Indians in Ne
braska. These boards will be appoint
ed for each reservation.
Bill Hits Tipping System.
Washington, April 4. A sub-committee
of the house committee dn the
Disrict of Columbia, headed by Repre
senative Campbell, of Kansas, reported
favorably today a bill by Representa
tive Murphy, of Missouri, under the
terms of which tip-giving or tip-receiving
in hotels, restaurants and cafes in
Washington shall constitute a misde
meanor The offense is made punish
able by a fine not exceeding $500.
QUICK ACTION OR STRIKE.
Bituminous Coal Miners in East Will
Fight for Raise.
Cincinnati,. March 30. Only imme
diate increases in wages will prevent a
great industrial war, numerous and
widespread strikes in the bituminuos
coal mines, according to action taken
by a special committee of the United
Mine Workers here late today, follow
ing the final disagreement and dissolu
tion of the joint conference of the cen
tral competitive field.
The terms proposed by the miners
for the continuation of work after the
expiration of the present agreements
at midnight Thursday will admit of no
compromise so far as wages are con
cerned. On other questions there is
room for agreement and the general
trend of opinion is that no lengthy sus
pension will be the result except in a
few fields.
The most threatening aspect over
shadows Pennsylvania and Illinois sec
tions. Briefly, the miners demand that
J
::
1 : -
JOHN DALZELL '
Senior member of the houBe committee on rules.
who will in all probability become chairman of
that committee, succeeding- the recently deposed
Uncle Jos lannon.
all operators agree to pay increased
wages of 5 cents a ton on pick-mined
screen coal, with proportionate ad
vances for other methods of mining
and outside labor, as a prerequisite to
negotiations on the other question.
With the advance in pay assured, work
may be continued in the mines affected
pending solution of the minor points,
provided the'National executive board
of the union approves action to this
effect by district officers.
The National board is made the final
power so far as the union is concerned,
but it is expressly forbidden to modify
.the wage demands.
SENATOR ALLDS IS
FORCED FROM OFFICE.
Albany, N. Y., March 30. Jonathan
P. Alias went to his home in Norwich
tonight, a private citizen, branded as a
bribe-taker by his former colleagues in
the senate, and by his own act no long
er a member of that body. Senator
Conger, who filed the charges against
Allds, stayed here to fight.
The senate vindicated Conger today
when it voted, 40 to 9, that the charges
had been sustained by the evidence
brought before it.
Conger's enemies admit he is a fight
er, and the belief is expressed that he
will oppose any attempt to drive him
out of office as vigorously and with as
free an expenditure of money as he at
tacked Allds.
Before the vote was taken in the
senate this morning, Allds resigned his
position in that body, thereby releas
ing himself from the jurisdiction of
that body.
The question of what shall be done
with Senator Conger, Allds accuser,
still remains to be settled.
The resignation of Senator Allds is
taken to amount to a tacit acknowl
edgment of guilt, since it was an
nounced recently that if he resigned as
a member of the state senate, it could
be in effect a plea of participation in
the bribe-taking of which he was ac
cused by Senator Ben Conger, who
himself stated that he had paid bribe
money to Allds.
Railway Men Vote on Strike.
Cleveland, March 30. A strike
vote was ordered taken today on the
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern rail
way by the officers of the Brotherhood
of Railway Trainmen and the Order
of Railway Conductors. About 20,000
men are involved. The oriignal de
mands of the men were rejeeted two
days ago. The result of the strike vote
will not be known until April 8.
While neither side will discuss the
causes of the failure to agree, it is un
derstood both sides were willing to
compromise on wages.
Gun Exploded; Eight Killed.
Manila, P. I., March 30. The re
port that a fatal accident had occurred
on the United States cruiser Charleston
was confirmed today. Eight men were
killed and several others slightly in
jured. During practice at sea off
Olongapo, the breech block of a three
inch gun blew out and its flight across
the deck cut through a steel stanchion
and mowed down the men. Seven were
instantly killed, while the eighth died
while being taken to Cavatc.
Natives Fire on Fcrei.-ners.
Liverpool, March 30. A fight be
tween Liberians and hostile natives
was being waged March 9 at Cape Pal
mas, according to reports brought by j
the steamer Salaira. which arrived
from Liberia today. The natives from
behind a stockade at the mouth of the
Palmas river, were firing upon an Eng-
libh factory and the LiN rian troops.
The latter replied with a machine gun.
NIP CO HE
ti
Suit to Be Instituted by Govern
ment Against Alleged Pool.
Immigrant Traffic and Freight Affect
ed All Foreign Concerns
American Ships Underbid.
Washington, March 31. Suit in
equity under the Sherman anti-trust
law is to be instituted by the depart
ment of justice against what is known
as the European steamship pool on the
contention that it is an arrangement in
restraint of trade. .
The fact that the vessels owned by
the steamship companies forming the
pool, or several of them, touch at Amer
ica;, ports is the basis for proceed
ings under the Sherman law.
All the steamship companies invol
ved in ,the proposed proceedings are
foreign concerns.
A Federal grand jury investigation
at New York, it is said, developed that
the pooling arrrangement embraced the
transportation of both freight and pas
sengers. On the American side of the
Atlantic it was charged that the agree
ment had its ramifications in rebating
by railroads.
The investigation is said to have de
veloped a case embracing the whole
service of the immigration traffic from
every country in Europe. The opera
tions of the pool also, it was charged,
seriously interfered with the work of
American steamers lying at American
ports awaiting cargoes, the foreigners
underbidding them and getting the
traffic
While the government cannot bring
suit to dissolve a foreign corporation,
it may institute proceedings affecting
its operations as practiced on Ameri
can territory and can secure an injunc
tion to stop illegal acts.
When the government first started
an inquiry last autumn into charges of
violations of the Sherman law by the
pool, the case involved a few steamship
lines and railroad companies in the
United States having their Eastern
terminals in New York City.
As the investigation progressed its
scope broadened considerably, with
the result that the operations of three
great steamship pools are being looked
into. Five indictments were found,
according to report, including the resi
dent officers of one of the lines under
investigation.
The government first heard of an al
leged agreement with the railroads in
this country to the West; the trade
was supposed to be confined to salt fish
from the northern ports of Europe.
Later it was ascertained that immi
grants, as well as merchandise of near
ly all kinds, were handled the same
way.
MAYBRAY SWINDLE FUNNY,
Sheriff Hodge, of Seattle, Says Vic
tims Corroborate Barnum.
Seattle, Wash. I March 31. "That
Barnum spoke the truth when he de
clared that the American people love
to be humbugged was never demonstra
ted with greater force than at the
Maybray trial," said Sheriff Hodge,
who returned this morning from Coun
cil Bluffs, Iowa. Sheriff Hodge had
been subpenaed as a witness against
Joe Carroll, Bert Warner and others of
the gang of "fake" wrestlers, who,
after perpetrating swindles to the ex
tent of more than $1,000,000, were
finally landed in the penitentiary.
It was amusing to listen to the evi
dence," said the sheriff. "Some of
the witnesses related that they enjoyed
being buncoed so much that they came
back for a second experience.
"The testimony thoroughly satisfied
me that only a small percentage of the
wrestling matches in the United States
are conducted on the square. Maybray
played no favorites in his colossal steal
and his victims were recruited from all
walks of life."
Cotton Mills Closing.
Boston, Marh 31. Fifty per cent
of the spindles in Southern cotton mills
are idle, according to statistics assem
bled by the American Wool and Cotton
Reporter. The figures show the cur
tailment now in progress not only in
the South, but in all sections of the
country, is more extensive than has
ever been known in the history of the
trade, even taking into consideration
the panic year of 1907. Mill after mill
is closing down entirely until new cot
ton arrives or market conditions im
prove.
Morse's Release is Plan.
Atlanta, Ga., March 31. It is ex
pected that habeas corpus proceedings
will be instituted in the Federal court
here this week for the release from the
Federal prison of Charles W. Morse,
the New York banker. Martin W.
Littleton, chief counsel for Morse, ar
rived in Atlanta today from New York,
and following a long conference it was
announced that local counsel had been
retained and a plan of proceedure de
cided upon.
Tons of Spray is Received.
Medford, Or., March 31. Ninety
thousand pounds of arsenate of lead
was received yesterday by J. A. Perry,
of thi3 place, to be used by the fruit
growers this season as spray material.
This is the largest shipment ever sent
to one section of the state. The
freight bill alone was J 1,1 53.