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giatut of th native Inhabitant of the terri
tories hereby ceded to th United State
bill be determined br the Congress."
Eleven days thereafter, on Dec. 21, tbe fol
lowing direction was given to tbe command
r of our forces In tbe Philippines:
"Tbe military commander of tbe United
tatea I enjolued to make known to the In
habitants of tbe Philippine Inlands that, In
succeeding to tbe sovereignty of Spain, In
severing the former political relations of the
inhabitant and In establishing a new polit
ical power, the authority of , the United
States Is to be exerted for the securing of
the persons and property of the people of
tbe Islands and tor the confirmation of all
their private rights aud relatione. It will
be the duty of the commander of the forces
f occupation to announce and proclaim In
the most public manner that we come not
as Invaders or conquerors, but as friends, to
protect the natives In their homes, In their
tmpioymenta and In their personal aud re
ligious rights,"
Sent Commission.
la order to facilitate the most humane,
pacific and effective extension of authority
throughout these islnnds, and to secure, wlih
tht least possible delay, the beueuts of a
wise and generous protection of life and
property to the Inhabitants. I appointed In
January, 1S99, a commission consisting of
Jicob Gould Sehurman of New York, Ad
miral George Dewey, U. 8. S.; Charles
I'enby of Indiana, Professor- Dean C. Wor
cester of Michigan, and Major General El
well S. Otis, U. 8. A. Their Instructions
contained the following:
"in the performance of this duty the com
missioners are -enjoined to meet at the
earliest possible day In the city of Manila,
so J to announce by public proclamation
their preience and the mission Intrusted to
tbein, carefully settlug forth that, while the
military government already proclaimed Is
to be maintained and continued so long as
necessity may require, efforts will be made
to alleviate the burden of taxation, to estab
lish industrial and commercial prosperity,
and to provide for the safety of persons and
of property by such means as may be found
conducive to these ends.
Given Carefnl Instruction.
"The commissioners will endeavor, with
out Interference with the military authori
ties of the United States now In control of
the Philippine, to ascertain what ameliora
tion In the condition ef the inhabitants and
what Improvements In public order may be
practicable, and for this purpose they will
study attentively the existing social and po
litical state of tbe variona populations, par-
tlcolarly as regards the forms of local gov
ernment, the administration cf Justice, the
collection of enstoms aud other taxes, the
means of transportation, and the need of
aubllc Improvements. They will report
the results of their observations and
reflections, and will recommend such execu
tes action as may from time to time seem
to them wise and useful.
"The commissioners are hereby authorised
to confer authoritatively with any persons
resldeut In the Islands from whom they may
believe themselves able to derive Informa
tlon or suggestion valuable for the pur
poses of their commission, or whom they
may ehoose to employ as agents, aa may, be
seceataiy for this purpose.
Avoided linrsh Measures.
"It Is my desire that In all 4helr relations
with tbe Inhabitant! of tbe Islands the com
mlssioners excri-lse due respect for all the
ideals, customs and Institutions of the tribes
which compose the population, emphasizing
upon all occasions the Just and beneficent In
tentions of tbe government of the tuitea
States.
"It la also my wish and expectation that
the commlsslonera may be received in a
manner due to the honored and authorized
representatives of the American Republic,
duly commissioned on account of their
knowledge, skill and Integrity as bearers of
the good will, the protection and the richest
blessings of liberating rather than a con
quering nation."
On the Cth of February, 1899, the treaty
was ratified by the Senate of the United
States, and the Congress Immediately ap
propriated $20,000,000 to carry out ita pro
visions. The ratification were exchanged
ty the United State and Spain on the 11th
f April. 18C9.
As early as April, 18S9, the Philippine
commission, of which Dr. Schurman was
president, endeavored to bring about peace
In the islands by repeated conference with
isdlng Tagulogs representing the o-called
Insurgent government, to the end that some
general plan of government might be offered
them which they wonld accept.
Pleased tbe Native.
So great was the satisfaction of tbe Insur
gent commissioner! with the form of gov
ernment proposed by the American com-
frtssloners that the latter submitted the
proposed scheme to me for approval, and my
sctlon thereon 1 shown by the cable mes
sage following:
"May ft, isul. Schurman, Manila: Yours
th received. You are authorised to propose
that, under the military power of the Presl
lent, pending action of Congress, govern-
a-ent of the Philippine Islands shall consist
f a governor general appointed by the
President, cabinet appointed by the govern
or general, a general advisory council elect
ed by the people, the qualification of elect
era to be carefully considered and deter
mined, and tbe governor general to have ab
solute veto. Judiciary trong and inde
pendent, principal Judges appointed by th
President The raliiuet and Judge to b
chosen from natives or Americana, or both,
having regard to fitness.
"The Pri slih-nt earnestly desires th cess.
tlon of bloodshed and that tbe people of tbe
Philippine Islands at an early date shall
have the Inrgrat measure of local self-government
consistent wlih peace and good
rder.
Sign of Treachery.
I the latter part of May another group
f representatives came from tbe Insurgent
leader. The whole mutter wa fully dis
cussed with tbeui and promise of acceptance
wined near at baud. They assured our
commissioner they wonld return after con
sulting nl h tbelr leader, but they never did.
As result of the views eipressed by the
llrst Tngnlog representative favorable to th
plan of the commission. It appear thst be
was. by mlliiary enter of the lusurgent
iecder. stripped f hi shoulder strap, dls
n l-scd from lite army and sentenced to
twelve years' Imprisonment.
The views of tbe roiuinlsslna ar beat set
forth In tbelr own words.
"Deplorable .war la. the as la which
e are now engaged was unavoidable by a.
Jir war attacked by hold, svntrs
and enthusiastic army. No alternative was
left to us except Ignominious retreat.
Had to Remain.
"It Is not to be conceived of that any
American would bar sanctioned th tor
render of Manila to the insurgent. Out ob
ligations to other nations and to tbe friendly
Plttplnoa and to ourselves and our Dag de
manded that force should be met with force.
Whatever tbe future of tbe Philippine may
be, there is no course open to u bow except
the prosecution of the war until th Insur
gents are reduced to submission,
"Tbe commission Is of tbe opinion that
there has been no time since the destruction
of the Spanish squadron by Admiral Dewey
when It was possible to withdraw our forces
from the Islands either with honor to our
selves or with safety to the Inhabitant.'
After the most thorough study of the peo
ples of th archipelago the commission re
ported, among other things:
"Their lack of education and political ex
perience, combined with their racial and
linguistic diversities, disqualify tbem, in
spite of their mental glfta ind domestic vir
tues, to undertake the task of governing the
archipelago at the present time. The most
that can be expected of them Is to co-oper
ate with the Americans In the administra
tion of general affairs, from Manila as a
center, and to undertake, subject to Amer
ican control or guidance (as nJay b found
necessary) the administration of provincial
and municipal affairs.
Would Invite Anarchy.
"Should our nnwer he an fatallr h
withdrawn, the commission believe that tbe
government of th Philippines would speed
ily lapse Into anarchy, which would excuse.
If It did not necessitate, the Intervention of
other powers, and th eventual division of
the Islands among them. Only through
American occupation, therefore, 1 the Idea
of a free, self-governlug and anlted Philip
pine commonwealth at all conceivable.
"Thus the welfare of th Filipino coin
cides with the dictates of national honor In
forbidding our abandonment of tb archi
pelago. We cannot from any point of view
escap the responsibilities of government
which our sovereignty entails, and tb com
mission Is strongly persuaded that the per
formance of our national duty will prove
the greatest blessing to tb peopl of tbe
Philippine Islands."
Satisfied that nothing further could be ac
complished In pursuance of their mission
until the rebellion was suppressed, and de
siring to place before the Congress th re
sult of their observations, I requested tbe
commission to return to tbe United States.
Their most Intelligent and comprehensive
report, was submitted to Congress.
Duties of the Commission.
In March, 1900, believing tbat. the Insur
rection was practically ended and earnestly
desiring to promote the establishment of a
stable government In the archipelago, I ap
pointed the following civil commission:
William H. Taft of Ohio, Professor Dean C.
Worcester of Michigan, Luke I. Wright of
Tennessee, Henry C. Ide of Vermont, and
Bernard Moses of California. My Instruc
tions to tbem contained tbe following:
"You (the Secretary of War) will tnstrnct
the commission to devote their at
tentlon in tbe first Instance to the establish
ment of municipal governments. In which
the natives of the Islands, both In the cities
and In tbe rural communities, shall be af
forded the opportunity to manage their own
local affair! to the fullest extent of which
they are capable and subject to tbe least de
gree of supervision and control wblcb a care
ful study of their capacities and observation
of the workings of native control show to be
consistent with tbe maintenance cf law, or
der and loyalty.
Awaits the Report.
"Whenever tbe commission la of the opin
ion that the condition of affair In tbe lsl
auds 1 such that tbe central administration
may safely be transferred from military to
civil control tbey will report that conclu
sion to you (the Secretary of War), with
their persona) recommendations a to the
form of central government to be estab
lished for tbe purpose of taking over tbe
control.
"Beginning with the 1st day of Septem
ber, UrUO, the authority to exercise, subject
to my approval through tbe Secretary of
War, that part of the power of government
In tbe Philippine Islands which is of a leg
islative nature is to be transferred from th
military governor of the islands to this com
mission, to be thereafter exercised by them
In tbe place and atead of tb military gov
ernor, under such rules and regulations as
you (tbe Secretary of War) shall prescribe,
until tbe establishment of the civil central
government for the islands contemplated In
the last foregoing paragraph or until Con
gress shall otherwise provide. .
Legislative Authority.
"Exerclce of this legislative authority will
Include tbe making ot rules and orders hav
ing tbe effect of law for tbe raising of reve
nue by taxes, customs duties and Imposts;
the appropriation and expenditure of tbe
public funds of tbe islands; tbe establish
ment of ao educational system throughout
tbe Islands; the establishment of a system
to secure an efficient civil service: tbe or
ganization and establishment of courts; tbe
organization and establishment of municipal
and departmental governments, and all
other matters of a civU nature of wbicb the
military governor Is now competent to pro
vide by rules or orders of a legislative char
acter. Tbe commission wili also have
power during tbe same period to appoint to
ollice such officer under the Judicial, edu
cational and civil aervice systems and in the
muulcipat and departmental government as
shall b provided."
Hole for the Interim.
Until Congress shall take action I directed
that
Upon every dlvlslbn and branch of the
government of the Philippine must be Im
posed these Inviolable rules: That no per
son shall be deprived of life, liberty or prop
erty without due process of law; that pri
vate property shall not be taken for public
use without Just compensation; that in all
ertmllial nroSeCUtlUOS lllC SCCUSed ibsll U-
Joy the right to a speedy and public trial, to
lie Informed of tbe nature and cause of tbe
accusation, to be conirontea witn me wit
nesses against him. to hav compulsory
i,nu for obtalnlna witnesses In bi favor.
aud to have tbe assistance of counsel for his
defense; that excessive ball shall not be re
quired, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel
slid unusual punishment Inflicted; that no
person ahull be put twice In Jeopardy for tbe
same ofleuse, or be compelled In any crimi
nal cae to be a witness ago lust himself;
that the right to be secure against unreason
able searchers aud seizures shall not be vio
lated; that neither slavery nor Involuntary
servitude shall exist except as a punishment
for crime; that no bill of attainder or ex port
facto law shall be passed; that no law shall
be passed abridging tbe freedom of speech or
of tbe press, or the righta of tbe people to
peaceably assemble and petition tbe govern
ment for a redress of grievances; that ne
law shall le made respecting tbe establish
ment of religion or prohibiting tbe free ex
ercise thereof, and that th free exercise
aud enjoyment of religious profession and
worship wituout Discrimination or preier-
of primary education which shall be free to
ail, and which ebaU tead to at tbe people
for the dutle of citizenship, and for the or
dinary avocations of a civilised community.
Especial attention should be at once
given to affording fall opportunity to ait tbe
people of the islands to acquire tbe use of
tbe English language.
"Upon all officers and employe of tbe
United States, both civil and military,
should be impressed a sense of the duty to
observe not merely tbe material bat the per
sonal and social rights of tb people of tbe
Islands, and to treat them with tbe same
courtesy and respect for their personal dig
nity which the people of the United States
are accustomed ts require from each other.
All Pled area Kept.
"The article of capitulation of tbe City of
Manila on the 13 h of August 1S!, con
cluded with these word: Thl city. It In
habitant. Its churches, snd religious wor
ship. Its educational establishments and Its
private property of all descriptions, ar
placed under the special safeguard of tbe
faith and honor of the American army."
"I believe that this riled ee has ben faith
fully kept As high and sacred an obligation
rest upon tne government oi me lunei
State to give protection for property and
life, civil and religions freedom, and wise.
Arm and unselfish guidance In the paths of
peace and prosperity to all the people of tbe
Philippine Islands.' I cbsrge this commis
sion to labor for the full performance of this
obligation, which concerns tbe honor and
conscience of their country, tn tbe firm hope
that through their labor all the inhabitants
of th Philippine Islands may come to look
back with gratitude to the day when God
gave victory to American arms at Manila
and set their land under the sovereignty and
the protection of the people cf the United
States."
Amnesty Proclaimed.
That all might share in the regeneration
of the Islands and parib-ipste In tbelr gov
ernment. I directed Oen. Mar Arthur, the
military governor of the Philippine, to is
sue a proclamation of amnesty, which con
tained among other statements the follow
ing: Manila. P. I., June 21. I900.-By direction
of the President of the United Stares the
undersigned announces amnesty, wi'h ec.ni-
piete immunity for tbe past ami absolute
liberty of action for tbe future, i all per
sons wbo are now, or at any time since
Feb. 4, 1S&9. have been in Insurrection
anlnst tbe United States In either a mill
tary or civil capacity, and wbo stall, witnm
a period of ninety days from the date there
of, formally renounce all connection with
sucb Insurrection and subscribe to a ac-
New forestry regulations give Impetus to
tlmoer trade ssd reduce high price of lum
ber. The enstoms collections for last quar
ter 50 per cent greater than ever In Spanish
histcrv. and August collections show fur
ther Increase. The total revenue for same
period one-third greater this in any quarter
under Spain, though ceduia tax chief source
of Spanish revenue, practically abolished.
"Economy and efficiency of military gov
ernment have created surplua fund of V
IX3,(Xi, which should b expended in much
needed public works notably improvement
of Manila harbor. With proper tar
iff and facilities Manila will become great
port of Orient"
The commission Is confident that by a
Judicious customs law. reasonable land tax
and proper corporation franchise tax. Im
position of no greater rate than that In tbe
average American State will give less an-
novanee ana wun peace win iuwiuit tr.
noes sufficient to psy expenses of efficient
government, including mlliUa and constabu
lary. '
No SI an of Alliance.
Ttev "are preparing a striagent civil ser
vUe '.aw giving equal opportunity to Klii-
ptnoa ana Americans, k" iT ' 1 - v
tbe former wnere guiuociura. ts-
to enter at tne lowest ran sum . i"-""
..k ,k. v, n .1 Af the department.
"Fortv-flve mile of railroad extension
under negotiation will give access to a large
province rich in valuable minerals, a telle
high, with strictly temperate climate.
Railroad construction will give employment
, ami commnnicatloa will furnish a
market 'to vast stretches of rich agricultural
lands." .,
They report that there are "calls from all
nana r.t the Island for Public SCtlOolS,
school supplies and English teachers, greater
than tbp commission can provide until a
,.ri...,.l,e sehool svsteui Is organized.
Night schools for teaching English to adults
are being established la response to popular
demand. -Native cuiiuren
learning English. Spanish la spoken by a
small fraction of the people, and In a few
years the medium of communication in the
courts, public offices and between different
tribes will be Eugilsh.
Working; for Hntnanlty.
Trestlon of central government within
eljliteeu months, under which substantially
all rights described in the bill of rights In
the federal constitution are to be secured to
the people of the Philippines, will bring to
them contentment, prosperity, education
and political enlightenment" ...
Thi shows to my countrymen what has
been and la being done to bring tb benefit
of liberie and good government to these
wards of' the nation. Every effort ha been
Striking Phrases from President McKinley's Letter.
It wlil be noted that the (Democratic) demand Is for the Immedlat resto ra
tion of the free coinage of silver at Id to 1. If another Issue Is paramount, thl
ia immediate. It will adult of no deiay and will aufler no postponement
We accept the issue sad again invite tbe sound money forces to Join In win
ning another and w hope a permanent triumph for an boneat financial system
which will continue Inviolab'.e the public faith.
It locr purpose to establish In th Philippine a government suitable to tb
want and conditions ot the InbaWtants. and to prepare tbem for aelf-govern-ment.
and to give them seif-poverument when they are ready for It. and a
rapidly a tbey are ready for It.
There ha been no time since the destruction of tbe enemy' fleet when w
could or should have left the Philippine srchlpelago. After the treaty of peace
was ratified no power but Congress couid surrender our sovereignty or alienat a
foot ot the territory thus acquired.
a a
Everv effort has been directed to their (Flilplnosi peace and prosperity, their
advancement and weii-beinr, not for our aggrandizement or for pride of might,
not for trade or comnierve, sot for exploitation, bat for humanity and civilization.
a a
The American question is between duty and desertion. The American verdict
will be for duty and against desertion, for the republic against both anarchy and
imperialism. .
Honest co-operation of capital !s necessary to meet new business conditions,
and extend our rpld!v increaclns: foreign trade, but conspiracies and combina
tions Intended to restrict business, rreste monopolies and control prices should
be effectively restrained.
For labor a short day Is better than i short dollar.
a a a
Unless something onferesee n occurs to reduce our revenues or Increase onr ex
penditures, the Congress at its next session should reduce taxation very ma
terially. m t
We ocght to own the ships for our carrying trade with the world, and w
ought to build tbem In American shipyards aud mau them with American sailors.
Feb. 10. 1900. savs that be was present at
the interview between Admiral Dewey and
the Insurgent leader, and that la this inter
view Admiral Dewey made no promises
whatever. lie adds:
He (Aguinaldo) asked me If my govern
ment was going to recc-gnlte his govern
ment 1 ansvrered that 1 was there simply
In a military capacity: that 1 could not ac
knowledge his government, becaos I bad a
authority to do so."
Easy to Find Fault
Wonld net eur adversaries have sent
Dewey's Beet to Manila to capture and de
strov the Spanish ea power there, or. dis
patching it there, would they hsve with
drawn it after the destruction of tbe Span
ish fleet; and if the latter, whither would
thev have directed to sail! Where could
It have gonel What pert In tbe Orient was
opened to it?
Do our adversaries condemn the expedi
tion under the command of Oeeeral Merrltt
to strengthen Dewey in the distant ocean
and assist In eur triumph over Spain, with
which nation we were at war? Was It not
our highest duty to strike Spain at every
vulnerable point, that the war might be
successfully concluded at the earliest prac
ticable moment!
Ask for Honest Opinion.
And was It not our duty to protect th
lives and property of those who came within
our control by the fortune of war! Could
we have come awav at any time between
Mav L, and the conclusion of peace
without a stala upon our good name! Could
we have come away without dihonor at any
time after the ratification of the peace treaty
by the Senate of the United States!
There haa been no time since the destruc
tion of the enemVs fleet when we could or
should have left the Philippine archipelago.
After the treaty of peace waa ratified no
power but Congress could surrender our
soverelrntv or alienate a foot of the terri
tory thus acquired. The Congress haa not
seen fit to do tbe one or tbe other, and the
President bad no authority to do either. If
ha hait Keen so Inc'.lned. which he was not.
Sn lonr as the soverelrntv remains In us It
is the duty cf the executive, whoever be
may be, to uphold that sovereignty, and If It
be attacked to suppress its assailants. Viou.d
our political adversaries ao tessi
Begun by Insurgents,
It has been asserted that there wonld have
been no fighting In the Philippines If Con
gress bad declared Its purpose to give Inde
pendence to tbe Tscal Insurgents. The In
surgents did not wait for the action of Con
gresa. Tbey assumed tho offensive, they
onened fire on our arinr.
Those who assert our responsibility for
the beginning of the conflict bare forgotten
that before the treaty was ratified la the
Senate, and wnlle it waa being aeoaieo iu
tbat bodv. and while tbe Bscon resolution
waa under discussion, on Feb. 4. 1S99. the
Insnrcenta attacked tbe American army
after being previously advised tbat the
American torces were nnuer omers uui i
Are opon thetn except In defense. The pa
pers found In the recently captured archives
of the Insurgents demonstrate thst this at
tack bad been carefully piannea tor weess
before It occurred.
Only Una Course Open,
Their nnnrovoked assault npon our ol
dler at a time when tbe Senate waa deiib
erailng upon the treaty shows tbat no ac
tlon on our part except surrender and ahau
donment would have prevented the fiehtlng
and leaves no doubt In auy fair mind here
tbe responsibility rests for the shedding of
American blood.
Wlih sll the exaggerated phrasemakle
ef this electoral contest, we are In danger of
belna- diverted from the real coutention We
are In agreement with all of those who snp
ported the war with Spain, and also wl:b
those who counseled tbe ratification of the
treaty of peace. Ipon these two great es
sentlal stens there can be no Issue, and out
of these came all of our responsibilities. If
others would shirk the obligations Imposed
by the war and tbe treaty, we must decline
to act further with tbem, and here the issue
was made. .
It is our purpose to establish In the Philip
pines a government suitnble to the wants
and rouditlous ot tbe tuhattltant. and to
prepare them for self -government, an.l to
give them self government beu they sre
ready for it. mid as rapidly as tbey are
readv for It. Tbat I am aiming to do un.lc
mv constitutional anthorliv, and will con
ttriue to do nnttT 'Congress shall determine
the political status of the inhabitants of tbe
archipelago.
Plea for Consistency,
If
to another p-?wer. which is without experi
ence or training, or the ability to maintain a
stable government at home and absolutely
helpless ts perform Its international obliga
tions with tbe rest of tbe world.
Will Defend Onr Title.
To this we are epposed. We should not
yield our title whi.e our el-tigations last
In tbe language of our platform. " Our au
thority should not be less than our rvspxnsi-
.'11,,;. U 4 VUI LMT-WBt lr-,'U.l ,11.1, I ,9 ,
establish our authority In every part of tb
islands.
No government caa so certaluky preserve
the peace, restore rubllc order, establish
law. Justice and stable conditions as ours.
Neither Concress nor the Executive can es
tablish stable government tn these Islands
except under our right vf wuvereicnty, o.r
authority and our fl. g. And this we are do
ing.
e could not oo It as a pm:evtorate power
so completely or so successfully as we ar
doing It now. As the sovereign power w
caa initiate action asd shape means to ends,
and guide the C-'tiipines to seif development
and self government.
As a protectorate power we could not Ini
tiate action, but would be compelled to fol
low and uphold a people with ao capaoi'y
yet to go alone. In tte etc a-e we can pro
tect both ourselves and tbe Filipinos frois
being involved In dangerous coiuplicailons;
In the other we could not protect even tb
Mlipinos until srter their trouble bad come.
laration acknowledlng and accepting the
sovereignty and authority of the Lnlted
States in and over tbe Philippine Islands.
"ibe privilege herewith published is ex
tended to all concerned without any reser
ra'.ion w batever, excepting tbat persona nhj
bare violated the laws of war during the
period of active hostilities are not embraced
within the scope of this amnesty.
Pay Offered for RiB.es.
"In order to rultigrate as much as possible
consequences resulting from tbe various dis
turbances which since 1st) hav succeeded
each other so rapidly, and to provide in
some measure for destitute Filipino soldiers
during theT" trausitory period wbicb must
Inevitably succeed general peace, tbe uil-i-lary
authorities of the United State will
pay 30 peso to each man who present a
title in good condition."
Under their Instructions tb commission,
composed of representative Americans of
dlllerent lections of the country and from
different political parties, whose character
and ability guarantee tb most faithful in
telligence ana patriotic service, are now
laboring to establish stable government un
der civil control, tn which th Inhabitants
shall participate, giving them opportunity
to demonstrate bow tar tbey ar prepared
for self government
Quotes th Commission.
This commission, under dat ot Aug. 21.
1900, makes an Intereailag report, from
which I quote tbe folujwiug extracta:
"Hostility against Americans wa orig
inally aroused by absurd falsehood of un
scrupulous leaders. The distribution ot
troop in 300 post ha by contact largely
dispelled hostility, and steadily Improved
temper of people. Tbla Improvement i far
thered by abuses of Insurgents. Large num
bers of people long for peace aud are wlhlng
to accept government under tb United
State.
"insurgents not surrendering after defeat
divided into small cuerriila baud under gen
eral oil; cent or became robbers. Nearly all
ot tbe prominent generals and politician ot
the Insurrection, except Aguinaldo, have
since been captured or have surrendered and
taken the oa.h of allegiance.
"All northern Luzon, except two provinces,
substantially free from Insurgents. People
busy planting, and asking for municipal or
ganization. Railway and telegraph lines
from Manila to Dagupan, 122 miles, not mo
lested for live months.
Plan Nstlv Militia.
"Tsrslogs clone active In leading guerrilla
warfare. In Negros, Cebu, Komuion, Mas
bate. Sibnyan, Tabias, Robot and other Phil
ippine Islands little disturbance exists, sod
civil covernment eagerly awaited.
"Four years of. war and lawleesnesa la
Dirts of Islands have created unsettled con
ditions. a a f,it ire constabolsry and
militia, which should be organized at once,
will end tbls snd the terrorism to which de
fenseless people sre subjected. Tbe natives
desire to enlist In these organizations. If
Judiciously selected and ofheered, will be
efficient forces for maintenance of order, and
will permit early material reduction of
United State troops.
'Turning Islands over to enter! of Taga
log politicians will blight fair prospects of
enormous Improvement, drive out capital,
make life nd property secular and reilg
lous most insecure: banish by fear of cruel
proscription considerable body of conserva
enc shall forever be allowed.
Extending Education.
"It will be the duty ef tbe commission t
promote and extend, and. a they and occa
liiii, -to Improve, tbe system of edocatloa
already Inaugurated by the military authori
ties. Is dolug tbla tbey should regard as ef
rat Isaportaace the xtaaloa f a sy steal
Consent of the Governs).
Besides, If we cannot establish any gov
ernment of our own without the consent i f
the governed, as our opponents contend,
then we could not establish a stable goeru
nient for tbem or make ours a protector!
without tbe like consent, and neiiher the
majority of tb peopie nor a uilnority of the
triple have ir'lted us to assume it w
could not maintain protectorate even with
the consent of the governed without giving
provocation for couciot and possibly costly
wars.
Our rlebts In the Philippines are now free
from outside Interference and will con'lnua
so In our present relations. They would not
be tcus tree In any other relation. e win
not give up our own to guarantee auotber
sovereignty. .
Our title is good. Our peace co tn nils-ton
ers believed tbet were receiving a nod title
wnen tcey concluded tne treaty, me etevu
tlve believed It was a good title when h
submitted It to the Senate of the Lulled
States for It ratitk-S'ion. Tb Senate be
lieved It wss s good title when they gave It
their constltotlouai assent, and tbe Con
gress seems not to have doubted its com
pleteness wben they appropriated f .O,0iX0 )
provided by tbe treaty.
Title la Unquestionable. -If
ny who favored its ratification believed
It gave o n bad title tbey were not sincere.
Our title practically Identical with that
under which we noid our territory acoulred
since the beginning of tbe government, and
under which we bave exercised full sov
ereignty and established government tor tbe
Inhabitants.
It Is worthy of note that no one outside ot
the United States disputes ibe fullness and
Integrity of the cession. What, then, ts th
real Issue on this subject! Whether It la
paramouut to any other or not. It is whether
we shall be responsible Tor Hie government
of the Philippines, with the sovereignty and
authority wbicb enables i to guide them t
regulated liberty, law. safety and progress,
or whether we shall be responsible for the
forcible aud arbitrary government or a mi
nority, without sovereignty ' and authority
ou our part, and with oulv the embarrass
ment of a protectorate, which draws us lut
their troubles without tbe power of prevent
ing them.
Otilleatlona of War.
There were those who two tear ago wei
rushing us on to war !'h Spsiin who ar
unwilling now lo accept Its clear conse
quences, as there are tlmse aniens us who
advocated the ratification of the treaty of
peace, but now protest against Us ul!ta
lions. Nations wbiiti go to war must b
prepared to accept its reiullaut obli.ttlons
and whea tLey n.ale treaties must keep
them.
Those who profess to distrust the liberal
and honorable purposes cf il-e administra
tion lu Ms treatu em cf the Philippine ar
not just i lied. !n'.pen!!iu baa no place ia
its creed or conduct. Freedom Is a rock up
on wlil. b the bpiih;cn party was hull.-!, -4
and now rests. Uiertt Is tte g eat lie:b.i.
run doctrine f'-r wll. h ti e pco;ne went t
war ami for which a iiillii' u i!es were of
fered and billions cf iK.iturs csnomlcil t
make it a lawful if rot of all wliiiout th
directed to their peace and prosperity, their
auvanrement and well-being, not for onr a
Are our opponents acalnst the treaty!
.. ... i.- ,1.., I, A.-..II.4 u.e i m imj I
asslstaice. The Senoie which ratified Hie r-train of Hvfocrisy.
treaty aud the Congress which added I'si There Is a strain of Hi concealed hypocrisy
sanction by a large appropriation comprised In the anxiety to ti..i the const! -u- ion.il
Kenntnra and ltenreseuiatVvea of the neobie cti.tmntees to the t-c-ir-te cf tbe I'biiitil-lUca,
grandlxement nor for pride of might, not fori 0f nil parties. i while their null. tics Ion Is openly advocated
navir ui voiuiuene, uui ior c pioi wi i iou, nun would our opponents surrender to tne in-i at nome. tnr opp. n- u; may a a ru t ue-n-for
humanity and civilization, and for tbe ! sutgeuts. abandon our sovereignty cr cede It ' sehes. but they Lav u light to discredit
protection of the vast majorpy of the popu-1 (0 them! If tbat be not their purpose, then the f,od ,Mth stul patriotism of the m.ijor
latlon who welcome our sovereignty against ! , n0uld be promptly disclaimed, for only I'y of tbe people who ere cptHised lo them,
the designing minority whose first demand j vll can result from the hopea rilcd by our'They nine fear tte worst form of l:n.crl.il.
after the surrender of Manila by tbe Span-'opponents In tbe minds of the Fil plnos. that 1 lm with ;"ie telpies Fiitiinos In their
Ish army was to enter the dry tbat tbey j WjIU )r.eir success at tbe pol' In November b inds, but If thr do It Is t c tt's they hfi
I ill k. . .., K.l-A n.l it n.r .-, v no. I i...r,.t nil. :m rlt . 1 f..lll ,f ft, 1 1,.
of American sovereignty ever the an-blpela- j ers and have loa iu tlr il'v of tbe founder
mieht loot it and destroy those not In syiu
pstny with their selbsb aud treacherous designs.
Civil Service tn Rnle.
Nobody wbo will avail himself of tbe facts
will longer bold that there wa any alliance
between our soldiers and tbe Insurgent or
that any promise of Independence wa made
to them. Long before their leader bad
go, the complete Independence or the isga-iof the party wtucn ti er prnres lo represent,
log people recognized and the powers of i Tbe liepnti, , u party doesn't have to ns-
goverument over all tne oilier peoples or toe. sert Its iievotn-n to tne i-eciars'iou 01 nine.
upon the Tsgakg
archipelago conferred
leaders.
Prolongr tbe RebelUon.
The effect of a belief In the minds of the
reached Manila thev had resolved If the Insurgent that thla wili be done has at-
commander of the American navv would i ready prolonged the rebellion and Increases
give them arms with which to fight tbe i 'he necessity for the continuance or
t-paoiso army, tbey would later turn opon army
us, wnicn tney aid muruerouny and without
the shadow of cause or Justification.
There may be those without the means of
full Information who believe tbat we were
In alliance with the insurgents and tbat we
assured tbem that they should bare Inde
pendence. 10 eucn let me repeat tbe facta:
on toe ztna of It ay. lsus. Admiral Dewey
was Instructed ty me to make no alliance
with any party or faction In tbe Philippines
tbat would Incur liability to malntatu their
cause In tbe future, and be replied ander
date of June 6, lMiS:
"Unve acted according to eplrlt of depart
ment's Instructions from tbe beginning, and
I have entered Into no alliance with tbe In
surgents or with any faction. This squadron
petnlence. Tl.at Immortal instrument of II.
father remained uneiecuted limit the peo
ple, untlt-r tt.e lead ct toe lu-pui.io tin party
lu the i
nw ful clash of buttle, turned Its prom
ises into folium. cut. It wrote Into the Con
stitution the auietitlntents guaraii'eciug po-
a lr . "", v-to.io , . ,i,r..,.u ,..,,-..,,.. ......
i .r. It has never bronco them or counselled em-
can reauce tne defenses or Manila at any
moment, but it Is considered useless until
the arrival of sufficient L nlted States forces
to retain possession."
Denies Any Compact.
In th report of the first Philippine com
mission, submitted on Nov. 2, lsi'j. Admiral
Dewey, one of Its members, said:
"No alliance of any kind wa entered Into
with Aguinaldo nor was any promise ot la
dependence made to bim at any time."
General Merrltt arrived tn tbe Philippines
on July 23, and a dispatch from Ad
miral Dewey to th government at Wash
ington said:
"Merrltt arrived yesterday. Rltuatlon la
most critical at Manila. The Rpsnlsh may
surrender at any moment. Merrltt' most
difficult problem will be bow to deal with
tbe insurgents under Aguinaldo, wbo have
become g;resslv and even threatening to
ward our army."
Uere I revealed th spirit of tb Insur
gents as early ss July, lbi'S. before the pro
tocol was stgned. nnite we were still en
gaged In active wsr with Spain. Even then
the Insurgent were threstening our army.
Filipino. Took No Part.
On Aug. 13 Manlli wss captured, and of
this and subsequent event! lb 1'lillippln
commission says:
rsV'! ben tbe City or Manna was taken, A ng.
13, the Filipinos took oo part in tbe attack.
but came fuliowlug ia wlib a view to loot
ing the city and were on y prevented from
doing so by our forces preventing them from
entering. Aguinaldo claimed lust be had
the right to occupy the city. He demanded
of General Mernit tbe palace of Malacan n
for himself and the cession of all tlie
churches of Manila, also tbat a part of tbe
tlve Filipino wbo bave aided Americans In i moury taken from the Spaniards as spoil
well-rounded oeuer mat tneir people are ot wa snouia ue given up. and. aoove an,
not now fit for se.f government, in. I relntro lint he should b clren (he arms of the
due same oppression asd corruption which I Spanish prisoners. All these demand wet
existed In all provinces nnder Malolos In- 1 refused.
" ' u"w " . T o . 7. J".,,! ers In brenklig tbem. It will not lie guided
srcuipeisgo sou ine ea.aoiisu.ueuv i v....;, , conduct bv one set of principles at
governmtuta, nd ba Influenced many ofiL' ' ,., .noth.r e! In the new terrltor
the Insurgent against accepting the liberal " "d,0X I'.'teV "-ate. U""of'
terms of amnesty offered by Oen. MacAr hur I belonging o l D.teJ p ates,
under my direction. But for these fais Poctrine of l.inio n.
hopes a considerable reduction could bar
ben hod In our military establishment In the
Philippines and tbe reollratlou of a stable
government would be already at hand.
The American people are asked by our op
ponents to yield the sovereignty of the
Lnlted Stat
es In the Philippines to small
friction of the population, a single tribe out
of eighty or mere inhabiting tbe archipelago,
faction which wanton. attacked th
American troops In Manila while In right
ful possession under th protocol wlih
Snaln. awaltiu tbe ratification of tbe treaty
of peace by the Senate, and which has sine
IieeU IU I1IOC, WJTU irun.i... again. i iiic
United States. sre xea to tnnsi.r
If our opponents would ouly practice a
well a preach the doctrlnca of Abrnhsia
Lincoln there would be uo fear for Ibe safe
tv of our Institutions st home or the r fright
ful Influence ia auy territory over which our
Una floats.
Umpire !' been eipelled from Porto UIc
and the Philippines by AmerlSan freemen.
1 be flag of the republic now Cons over tho
Islautls as au emblem of rightful sovereign,
tv. Wlil tbe republic stay aud di-pou-e t
their Inhabitants tbe biestlnss of liberty,
education and free Institutions, or steil
away, leaving tbem to anarchy or Imperial.
Ism!
The American ouestlon Is between drty
Onr sovereignty to a small uilnority In the 'and desertion. Tbe American verttlc will
Islands without consulting the majority aud be for duty and against desertion, f ir tit
to abandon tbe largest portion ot tbe pnpu
latlon, which has beeu loyal to ns, to th
cruelties of tb guerrilla lusurgent bands,
Demon I Cannot He Met.
More than this, we are asked to protect
this minority In establishing a government,
snd to thla end repress all oppos.tlon of th
majority. We are required to set up a sta
ble government lo the Interest of those who
bave assailed our aoverclgnty and fired upon
our soldiers, and then uialutaln It at any
cost or sacrifice sg.i nt Its enemies within
and against tiios bavlug ambitious designs
from without
Tbls wotiid require sn army and navy far
larger than la now maintained In the Philip-
Elnes snd still more lo excess of w hit wlil
e necesssry with th full recognition of our
sovereignty. A military support of author
ity not onr own, ai thus prop sed. Is th ti y
essence of militarism, wbicb our oppouenta
la their platform oppose, but which by their
fioilcy would of necessity be established In
ts most offensive form.
Ha Premium on Mnrder.
Tbe American people will not mak th
murderers of our solilleri ibe agents of tb
republic to convey the tilenslngs of liberty
and order to tbe Philippine. "I hey will not
make tbem tbe builders of the new common
wealth. Such course would lie a In-1 nun I
of our sacred obligations to the peateful i- III
nlnos. snd would place at ibe mercy of dun-
gerous adventurers the lives and property of
No Promises Marie.
Generals Merrltt Greene and Anderson,
surgent government during tbe e'gilt oion bi
or its control. 1 ne resu.l win oe rat-uuani
I .tihr .7irili ,i and wiV. aiv. ! rl" " " oinsnd at the beginning of
anarchy and wl.l require " Jf "I" ! 0, occupation snd until the .urrender of
luirivcuiiuu ug vug fws iinuit.ui sji !
ther.
Trad Follows Peace.
"Bnstnes interrupted by wsr mncb Im
proved ss peso extendi. la Negro
sseta sugar la eultivstisa Una vr before.
the t ity of Manila, w hen nuiy i he vigilance
of onr army prevented the attempt to assas
sinate our soldiers oud nil f -feigners snd
pliinge and destroy the city and Its u round
ls. lu short, the proposition of those opposed
nation snd until tbe surrender of ' to us lo eomtntie ell tbe niiflgnilona In I lie
slani.a. stale that there wa so alliance Philippines hlch now resi upon ihe govern
with the Insurgents and no promise to tbem . ment. only changing ibe relation from prln
ef Independence. l Aug. 17, 1M4. Genera! ei.al. which now eilais. : 'I.hi of surety.
Merrltt waa instructed that there must be Our responsibility Is to remain, but onr pow
a kilnt s-o-TiDSIloa of Manila with the la- i er Is to be diminished Our obligation Is l
ass-sat. Ueasrsi Aaderaaia aadsr aat f 1 tt a less, but sru UU is l be surrendered
llepubllc agalust both anarcby and Inperlal
ism.
The country his been fully advised of tb
purposes of the l nlted Stales In China, and
they will be faltbfuily adhered to as already
defined.
Sufferers In Pekltt.
The natliB Is flllnlwltb gratitude that tit
little band, among Item many of onr oa
blood, wbo for two months had been sub
jected to privations and peril by the niim k
of pitiless hordes st Ibe Chluese rapllul, ex.
blbitlug supreme coins? In the foe of de-
pair, bave been enabled by tiod s favor to
greet their rescuers snd find shelter under
tbeir own Cag.
The peoni not alone of this land, but of
III lands, have watched and praved tlironj;ti
the terrible stress and protracted iigotiv of
the helples sufferers In Pekln; and vilill
at times the dark tili ngs seemed to m ite all
hope valti. the rescuers nver faltered lu li
heroic fulfillment of tbelr nobl tusk. W
re grateful lu onr own soldiers mid .iii-it
snd marines, and to all the brave men ho,
though assembled under many standards,
f pn sen 'lug p-t.pli and M'-es s ruiifcrs I
country and aptecb, ware yt united I i h
sacred mission of carrying succor to the lie.
s'eged, with a sto'cess tbat I now the mu-
of a world a rejoicing.
Pss I ti it of r-crtlonallsm.
Not only have w reosnn for thanksglvirg
for ou uiaterlsl blesslnsa, but we si-o id rv-
liie natives and foreign, rs It would nisk j,,ie lo ibe complete uidicatlou of he if
possible and easy the umiiiissbin of u h i pi of all sections of our country tt iii b.i
atrocities ss were seeretlv planned, to be : , happily developed lo the lust few j-e-t-
executed on the l!d of February. IK-it. In ,d made for us a more perfect union 'Hie
olillter.r.lou of old dilleretces, the en, on.
devotion to the Bug aud the conn nou ,M
rlfices for Its honor, so conspicuously six n
by the ineh of the Nur'b aud Svu.ii In il
Spanish war, hsve so strengthened Hie IP
of Irtendsblp and ni'tttisl respect that uoiu-
lug can ever nxa mvid us.
'lb nation fates Ike nw centurv irrnt.
fully and hopefully, wl'b Increasing lo of
eouiitry. with Itrui fnlih In It free (it -t t
lions, and with hlch resolv that th. y ' si i ll
not perish from L orih." Very re-ro-ct ;
Ir your. WILLIAM M kl-NLfcil.
'