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About Polk County itemizer. (Dallas, Or.) 1879-1927 | View Entire Issue (April 30, 1914)
10 HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION A W eekly Page of Poultry Hints to Help You Here Is a Department Full of Bright Ideas for Readers of the Home and Farm Magazine Section + + + + + + + + ^ •!* T hese days the fa rm e r seem s to spend m ost o f his tim e w a rd - • • Ing o f f diseases o f one kind o r an oth er fro m his stock o r his 4* trees. F o w l tuberculosis is an - oth er disease it is w orth w h ile •!* keeping an eye open for. H ere •h is an interestin g article on the su bject. •!• H* •b •b •b l •b •b •b •b •b •b •b >b -b »b •b *b *b *b mb *b •b •b •b •b "b •b •b *b B y T. I). B E C K W IT H B a cte rio lo g ist O regon A gricultural C ollege. ry D IS E A S E w hich is becom in g prevalent in the poultry in ** “ dustry o f the N orthw est is c a ll ed avian tuberculosis, or tuberculosis o f poultry. It is a disease w h ich is due, like m ost o f the oth er diseases to w h ich all hig h er anim als are su scep t ible, to a living cause, a certain germ , w h ich can n ot a ffe ct healthy fow l unless it b e carried to that fo w l by som e m eans. It never generates sp on taneously. It is a disease w h ich is fa irly recen t in the U nited States, hav in g been noted in this cou n try only in 1900, but it has been know n in E urop e fo r very m any years. T he disease is exceedin gly d ifficu lt to detect, fo r it is very slow in action and its spread has p rob ably taken p lace insidiously, so that it has often b e co m e th orou gh ly established by the tim e the fa rm er is aw are o f its pres ence. At first m erely one or tw o birds g ro w weak and slow ly die, but later the fatality increases so that a very large percentage o f a flo ck , or the w h ole flo ck , m ay be lost. It is a disease w h ich tends to a t tack tam e o r d om estic birds, su ch as ch icken s, rather than birds in the w ild state; since dom estic fo w ls are living under less natural conditions, w h ere in very m any instsances their fre e d o m is lim ited, and they do not have a su fficien t quantity o f fresh air fo r the best con d ition s o f health. It Is a disease w h ich tends to atta ck the adult fo w l rather than chicks. Sim ilar in r a ttle T he disease is very sim ilar to tu ber culosis fou nd in rattle, and to c o n sum ption fo u n d in hum an beings. T he m eth od o f a ction o f Its germ is m uch the sam e and there is great reason to believe am on g scien tific w orkers that It Is possible fo r the disease to pass from m an to fo w l or from cattle to man. In the sym ptom s, w hich appear only afte r the disease is well estab lished. the bird very often show s em aciation and b ecom es d ro o p y ; the fea th ers are r u ffle d ; the d roppings b ecom e greenish in co lo r, and the bird m ay g o lame, due to weakness o f the legs. Som etim es the co m b or w attles b ecom e p allid; the eyes m ay be bright and a ’ so sun Ken; the a p p e tite is likely to b e co m e ravenous. T here is no special sym ptom w h ich m ay be noted, but rather the diagnosis must he m ade from a com b in ation o f all the sym ptom s. In hum an tuercuIos*s. the lungs are m ost often attack ed by the disease, and the o th er o rg a n s^ a re th erefore secon d ary in the total cases o f In fec tion. In fow ls, how ever, a d ifferen t con d ition is found. T he liver, in a l m ost all instances, sh ow s a tu ber cu lou s appearance, and the spleen, w h ich is a sm all pear-sh aped bod y sT Makes Good The Famoos IDEAL j Price $8.00 and Up SEND FOR OUR FREE ROOK t IDE AL I b o w well they are m ade, b ow nicely fin i s h « !. w by cmr prices s t e t o w a a d w f c ? .th ey wW f iv e better satisfaction than i W v »< l* r te ratator. W rite tec b«>kSrt . tod ay. It K iltustraiad and elves m oncy- | m aking bints that are valnable. T h e C han. I f. L illy C o .. S ea ttle P O I I .T H T B R O W N L E G H O R N e g g s fo r h a tch in g , f l . 10 per 15. o f I t per ISO; »• per ce n t fe r t ilit y g u a r a n te e d Paby C h i c k s 15 ce n ts ea ch in lo ts o f 50 or m ore. U tility P o u ltry Co.. B o t h e ll W ash. about o n e -h a lf inch in diam eter just back o f the liver, sh ow s in fection in alm ost as m any cases. In less than o n e -fifth o f the cases in fo w ls do the lungs ap p ear to be affected . Signs in B ird On cu ttin g open a tuberculosis bird it w ill be fou n d that there are very sm all yellow ish and w hitish spots, som etim es slightly sw ollen , althou gh the sw ellin g Is not a necessary m an i festation. T hese areas d iffe r in d ia m eter fro m on e-sixteen th to one- fou rth inch. In con sisten cy they are cheesy, or they m ay ap p ear to be little em bed ded p ortion s o f heavy fat, th ou g h pressure o f the k n ife w ill show the d ifferen ce. S om etim es, in old er cases, they feel gritty w h en cut. T hese are the tu bercles w h ich have been p rod u ced by the bacteria. T hey are the p oint w h ere the g erm s are g row in g and th erefore are the very centers fro m w h ich the disease g erm s w ork. T he disease is spread fro m bird to bird th rou g h the drop p ings, as the germ fin ds its w ay by this m eth od to the exterior. I f the ch ick en s are fed in a dirty, filth y p lace then, and there are already som e tu bercu lou s birds in the flo ck , it m ay easily be seen how the disease passes fr o m one to the other. F lies are also w ithout doubt a fa cto r in the spread o f the disease* In only a sm all percentage o f cases is the disease transm itted th rou gh the egg. No Known Cure * T here is no k now n cure fo r the disease. T he bird does not react readily to tu bercu lin and th erefore this m eth od cann ot be used fo r d e tectin g the disease, alth ou gh such a m eth od is o f very great value fo r c a t tle. F or sm all flo c k s that are in fe ct ed with tuberculosis the best m ethod is to kill the entire stock , give a very th orou g h disinfection, allow the land to lie fo r a year, and then start again. It m ust be rem em bered, and the p oint m ust be em phasized, that birds w h ich die from in fection by this disease, or w h ich are killed when the disease is suspected, m ust be burned. They’ m ust not be bu ried w here earth w orm s m ay carry the partly d e co m posed m aterial to the su rfa ce to in fect oth er birds, nor must they be throw n into fen ce corn ers w’ here birds as yet un infected m ay p ick them and thus b ecom e infected. In case the stock is too large to be d one aw ay with, d isin fection o f the prem ises is the only poqUible p ro c e d ure. and often that is not at all c e r tain. A ll suspected birds m ust first be w eeded out. T he houses m ust be cleaned, all dirt and litter taken out. and then scrubbed. E ating trou ghs and d rin k in g basins must receive the sam e treatm ent. F orm ald eh y d e Is e f fective on ly In a tight house. L im e spray m ay be used, 100 pounds o f fresh lim e being slacked w ith 60 pounds o t w ater and m ixed th orou g h ly. F or use, on e quart o f the above slaked lim e sh ould be added to fou r quarts o f water. T his should be stirr ed th orou g h ly and sieved. It should b e used im m ediately as a spray and every* cra ck must be covered . T he runs must be plow'ed up and turned under In ord er that the germ s m ay be placed below the ground, w h ere they may* be expected in tim e to die out. Examinations Are Free As an alternative the following for mula. recommended by the Maine fttate Experiment Station, will be found useful; "Measure out 3 1-5 quarts of raw linseed oil in a 4 or 5- gallon stone crock; then weigh out in a dish 1 pound 6 ounces of commercial lye or ‘ Babbitt’s potash.’ Dissolve this lye in as little water as will com pletely dissolve it. Start with one-half pint of water and if this will not dis solve all the lye, add more water slowly. Let this stand for at least three hours until the lye is completely dissolved and the solution is cold, then add the coltl lye solution very slowly to the linseed oil, stirring constantly . Not less than five minutes should be taken for the adding of this solution to the oil. After the lye is added con tinue the stirring until the mixture is in the condition, and has the texture, of a smooth homogeneous liquid soap. This ought not to take more than half an Hour Then, while the soap is in this liquid state and before it has a chance to harden, add. with constant stirring. 8H quarts of commercial cresol The cresol will blend perf-w?- ly with the soap solution and make a clear, dark brown fluid. The result ing solution will mix in any proportion l with water and yield a clear solution. "T w o o r three tablesp oon fu ls o f the cresol soap to each gallon o f water w ill m ake a satisfactory solution. This sojution m ay be applied through any kind o f sp ray pum p or w ith a bru sh .” In case the O regon fa rm er fea rs the disease in his flo c k and does not trust his own. diagnosis a fter cuttin g up the bird, he can take out the internal organs, p lace them in denatured a lc o hol and forw a rd them to the depart m ent of bacteriology’, A gricultural C ollege, w here the diagnosis w ill be m ade, free. Shall W e, “ Swat the Rooster Here?” Eliminate the Male Bird From Poultry Flocks During Summer and Fall Is Advised •j, .*• »j, ,j, au th orities o f the cities, counties and tow ns o f K en tu cky and Tennessee have been requested to announce H ere is a develop m en t o f that rooster day to the sch ola rs and it is •I* "sw at the rooster” idea w e have expected that it w ill be observed. It been hearin g about recently', | is expected that oth er states will f o l •I* T he South plans great slau ghter low the lead o f their tw o Southern on M ay 16, w h ile M issouri plans sisters and that rooster days will be fo r June 6. pretty geenrally established. T he departm ent advises that on *1* •!* v *1* *1* *!* *I* *!* •!• *1* •!* M ay 1 all m ale birds be either killed, sold o r con fin ed until D ecem ber 1 or N T H E interest o f the in fertile egg the p ou ltry specialists o f the D e as late at January’ 1 in som e localities, partm ent of A gricu ltu re have inasm uch as it is not necessary to the started a cam pa ig n fo r the elim in a laying qualities o f a hen that a rooster M ore tion o f the rooster am on g poultry be m aintained in |he flock . flo ck s d uring the seasons between over, his presence d uring those m onths m eans fertile eggs, w h ich mean bad M ay 1 and D ecem b er 1. In this c o n nection Saturday, M ay 16, has been eggs and the consequent loss to the set aside as rooster day in K en tu ck y p rod u cer and the consum er. Market Old Hens and Tennessee, when every poultry It is ad visable to m arket the old d ealer in these states has agreed to pay the sam e p rices fo r roosters as hens in the sum m er as soon as the secon d laying season is over, c o n they do fo r hens and pullets. T here is a n ^ en orm tu s loss in eggs tinues the d epa rtm en t’s advice, as as the result o f the fertile egg, esp eci hens over tw o y’ears old rarely lay’ as ally d uring the su m m er and fall m any eggs as they d o in their pullet m onths, and it is fo r this reason the and yearling seasons. K eep the nests D epartm ent o f A g ricu ltu re re co m clea n ; p rovide one nest fo r every fou r m ends that the rooster be kept aw ay hen s; gather the eggs tw ice d aily; fro m the hens during these seasons. keep the eggs in a cool, dry room or It is estim ated that on e-th ird o f the cella r; and m arket them at least tw ice M arket all co ck re ls ex cep t trem endous annual loss o f eggs is due a week. those intended fo r breed ing purposes, to the fertile egg. as soon as they attain broiler size, fo r F ertile E ggs Spoil Q u ickly It is not necessary fo r a rooster to they w ill pay a larger p rofit at that be am on g hens in order that their lay tim e than if held until fa ll, w hen the ing qualities m ay not be curtailed. The m arket becom es ov er-crow d ed . rooster, it is advised, sh ould be a llow T he departm en t is planning a ca m ed with the hens only d uring the paign am on g the b oy s’ and girls' p ou l breed in g season, and eggs that are in try clu bs in Kentucky’, Tennessee, V ir tended fo r h a tch in g purposes should gin ia and N orth and South C arolina, be fertile, as the infertile on es will not to en cou ra ge not on ly prod uction o f a hatch. better grade o f eggs, but a m ore u n i F ertile eggs spoil very qu ickly w hen form m eth od o f grading. A rra n g e su bjected to the ordinary’ m eth ods of m ents are bein g m ade to o ffe r prizes handling on the fa rm and when m ar fo r the production o f the best dozen keted du rin g the hot su m m er m onths o f eggs and it is expected that the under adverse conditions. In fertile state, cou n ty o r m unicipal officia ls eggs w ill keep in good con d ition in will o ffe r such prizes as trips to the tem peratures w h ich will cause fertile P an a m a -A m erican E xposition at San eggs to rot. On May 15 the sch ool F rancisco. •b •b •b •b •b »j, .j, .t, .j, »t« + •b •b -b •b •b *b •b •b •b •b H Some Poultry Ques tions Are Answered sam e parents are m ated together. T his results in physical d eterioration and Is undesirable. Line I reedin g is a fo rm o f in -breedin g and at the sam e tim e m aintains v ig or and tends to p erpetuate desirable characteristics. H E great problem in poultry’ c u l Suppose a breeder begins with a ture Is "H ow to make the in flo c k o f tw o fem ales and one m ale. c o m e overtak e the co st o f p ro T hey have been line bred and, th ere d u ction ,” and in solvin g this problem fore. are not closely related. D uring several Im portant questions must be the first year this pen will p rod u ce a considered. I large num ber o f pullets and cockerels. W h at b reed shall I se le ct? W h a t is At the beginning o f the second season the bes; breed ? H ow can I im prove | the c o ck bird is m ated to 1# o f the the quality o f m y flo c k ? H ow can I I best pullets and hens o f the original m aintain v igor, size and p rod u ctive pen are m ated with one o f the best ness In the flo ck and sa crifice nothin g j cockerels. F rom these tw o pens we T he In c o lo r or sh ap e? T hese are questions have tw o line« o f production. cock erels from one line can be m ated that c o n fr o n t every breeder. to the pullets o f the other line and The remark is often made that one vice versa. By adding new blood from breed Is as good as another. Such a tim e to time, o f the sam e strain as statement must be taken with due al -the origin al pen, a line o f breeding lowance. The selecting of a breed must be determined by climate, the can be established excellin g in color, shape, vig or and productiveness. environment, the end sought and the Vigor In the foundation stock is o f tastes of the individual. The White , supreme importance. W hen lacking. Leghorn would not be selected for a ! It m eans Inferior eggs and stock, dead market fowl, nor for a severe climate. ch ick s in the shell, disease in tho The Buff Cochin would not be selected j flo c k and unproductiveness. for egg production nor for southern Where fowls are produced in large climate. | numbers, housing is of supreme im- Maintaining quality while preserv j portance. Houses will be required for ing vigor is accomplished by introduc ! breeding stock, for incubation, for ing blood from time to time ami by a | brooding the growing stock, and for process of line breeding. It is some I conditioning for market. With the times disastrous to Introduce new j farmer and small breeder, however. blood. If a conflicting strain is used, I who keeps but one breed and a limited the work of years may be destroyed number of fowls, the question of in a single season. But new blood, if j housing is simpler To him the chief obtained from the same strain as the j consideration is the breeding house original flock. I. e.. from a strain that and winter home of the fowls. has been bred in line for years, will add vigor and quality to the flock. Some advocate adding btood through Ghent. Belgium, furnishes practi- the female, others prefer selecting a \ oally all of the potted specimens of the chftlce male and mating him with a symmetrical Araucaria, or Norfolk pen of selected females. island pine, used as an ornamental Another method of maintaining foliage house plant. In Europe and ▼Igor Is by process of line breeding America. The United States Imports There are two methods of In-breeding ; orat least 250,809 of these plaflts I a 5« t where males and females from the or t-lnch pots each year. T