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About The Oregon scout. (Union, Union County, Or.) 188?-1918 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 23, 1890)
'is THE1 OREGON SCOUT. AMUS K. JOM.ts - - KDIfOK. Tlmrsduy, Jnrfry 3, 1 SOO. mm. - r o t i . i nc uregon ocom nas as large a cxrcu- lation n any hvo papers in this sec- tton of the State, combined, and is cor-I rcspondingly valuable as an advertisinn ...;,., - Kor u full description of Union County see lnsldu purest. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. Those indebted to us on sub.crintion or otherwise are hereby notillcd to settle the same at onee, Several mouths ago we used up about ten dollars worth of postage stamps in sending statements to parties owing us. A great many of them cmno in and paid up, but a numbcrof them did not. To these we will sny, that ns thoy .ire fully nware of what they are owing us, no more .statements will be sent out, and unless, scl tlement is made within two weeks from this date, the accounts will bo placed in the hands of an attorney with instructions to collect. The above does not apply to parties who have paid us rugularly from year to year, nl'hough they may be a little behind at present. January !)th, 1S90. AT HOME. A Paragraphic Record of Recent Happen ings In and Around the City. A. .1. AY'eatherly, an old pioneer of llaker county died on the 11th inn. Horn, to the wife of Lindsay llobcrts in this city, Jan. 17, lf-9:j, a daughter. Those indebted to Jones Uro's arc re quested to settle at once. Just keep thi3 in your mind. The new "gas well" discovered at La Grande by some of our contemporaries is "still a blubcrin'." Some of the communications in this issue were received last week, but are still good, and worth reading. The protracted meetings in this city still continue and several accessions to the church have been made. A lot of household furniture, stoves, car pets, dishes, etc. for sale, and house to rent. Knquire of J. It. Crites. 1 A gentleman of mature years and liberal education would like to take a small coun try school the coming summer. Inquire at this office. Sleigh riding is the principal amusement just now. Our young people are making the most of the present opportunity for in dulging in this sport. It is reported that a serious railroad ac cident occurred in the mountains near fctumptown the other day. in which one of the railroad employees was killed and an other badly wounded. All thoc knowing themselves to tie in debted to me, cither by book account or note, are requested to settle at once or costs of collection will be added. I need the moncv and must haveit. Wu. Wn.no.v. The 0. it Y. T. railroad company in ad dition to extending the road to Union, this year, will run a line from Pendleton to llcppner. I twill not be but a short time till this company will do four-fifths of the hauling for the people of Kastern Oregon, Thu state executive board have made a levy of taxes for state purpose for the year 1890 as follows. Kor general expense fund. live and twenty-three thirty-ttf tha mill university tax, one-seventh mill; military tax, one-fifth mill, making six mills In all. This, added to our county levy, will make the tax for Union county this year twenty seven mills. A number of the good and charitable la dies of Union will give a social dance at Davis' hall on Friday evening, Jan. IMth. for the benefit of a very poor falnily in town who are sufl'eriug for the want of the com mon necessaries of life. Tickets will be only $1.50 including a bountiful basket sup per. Everybody should go who can, and those who cannot go should buy a tickot anyway to help their less fortunate follow creatures. The best of music lias been provided. On account of the extremely cold weath er during the past two weeks but littlo has been done or said concerning railroad work. On account of the blockade Mr. Hunt was tillable to come over, as ho in tended to do, and now jwrites tlial on ac count of ill health he will bo unable to come at present, but desires work on the right-of-way to bo prosecuted as quickly ns possible, as he wants that matter settled before he commences active opporatioii". The Union committee Is now at work and anticipate but littlo difficulty in linishlng their work. The Sumniervllle and Klgin committees should get In with a will and llnislt the business as spoil n possible. The O. .fc W. T. railroad company evident ly has plenty of money with which to build the Union branch, and other branches if necessary. The Pendleton Tribune says: "A mortgage was tiled for record in tho office of the county clerk of Umatilla coun ty, Oregon, Saturday, by tho Oregon and Washington Territory ltailroad company to the "Farmers' Loan and Trust oompuny of New York, trustco", to secure the Issu ance of bonds by said railroad company at tho rate of fJ5,000 per mile upon each and every mllo of railroad now constructed or to be hereafter coiiHtructed by said railroad company. Tho number of niilo of rail road now constructed and in operation by .ald company is about 170 miles." This will amount to over four million dollar on the road, already in o)frtioii. Call and Settle. All parties Indebted to m n rtquttted to call and Mttie their aocounU vftbovt further delay, as dtltjrs m dwpwwi. Now is th accepted tfiuo, 1.J.UI llrUTON Wi. OUR SOCIAL WORLD. Brief Personal Mention -EpHorns i Week's Amusements. Of t'UQ i Mr. m. wii-inson. of nigh valley, called ' on ns, SaturdAv. . Mr. Tho. Kuchma,.. f the B.i i!i.i.. rlaitnl Union. Tuosdnv. I .u -T01"5" Mr. U. S. McComas visited llaker City . '"re 01 me wceK, I Mr. Demp.sey McD.iniel. of the Cow. 1 et ln.nnl Mttawribcd for TUB Scout .1 few nays aro Mm. Y n. Wi lson hag been quite sick for several days past, but is now improving rapidly. Mr. n. K. Conlev, of island City, called on us few days ago and subscribed for Tiik Scout. Mr. John McHonald, our efficient coun ty commissioner, subscribed for Tur. Scout this week. Mr. J. N Smith, of Island City, made us a pleannt visit, Saturday. He had a rough tune coming over through the storm. Mr. 8. D. Kicklin and family arrived in Union a few days ago en route to P.aker City where they go to make his mother a visit. Uon. L. 15. ltinehart returned from Pen dleton last Monday, lie was there over a week unable to get home on account of the blockade. Mr. Itobt. Lloyd, who has been working in the HI tie mountains above La Grande, was taken quite sick last week and brought home. Ho is improving at pre.-cnt. Ata meetingof the Union Ilookand Lad der Company last Monday evening it was decided to give a grand ball on the Mth of next month. Further particulars will be given in the near future. Mr. J. ('hristiatison. of Klgin, who has been in the asylum at Salem, returned home a few days ago, by way of Union. Tho old gentleman made our office a pleas ant visit and we enjoyed his stories of for mer days very much. We sincerely hope ho will not be troubled again as he has been. The Blockade. The blockade 011 the railroad was broken last Monday and we were permitted to re ceive letters and newspapers from the out ride world, after eightor ten days waiting. Pyles canyon, near this place, is the worst point on the road, and caused the most delay. Had this place been passab'e, but little difficulty would have been experi enced in keeping the road open. W ere the road located on the opposite side of the canyon, by way of Union, trouble of this kind would never occur, and the company must receive the just censure of the travel ing public, and the people at large, until they change the location of the road. P. S. N. I!. Later, A train has been stuck on the hillside, at the mouth of P.yle canyon, in plain sight of the city, since Tuesday evening. The wind is roll ing tho snow over the hill, at that place, in such a way that the train is liable to be covered up at any time. This is a line country particularly the west side of Pyle canyon. A Scrap of Paper Saves ner Lllo. It was just an ordinary scrap of wrap ping paper, but it saved her life. She was in the lad stage of consumption, told by physicians that she was incurable and could not live only a short time; she weighed less than seventy pounds. On a piece of wrap ping paper she read of Dr. King's New Dis covery, and got a sample bottle; It helped her, she bought a large bottle, it helped her more, bought another and grew better fast, continued its use and is now strong, heal thy, rosy, plump, weighing 1-10 pounds. For fuller particulars send stamp to W. H. Cole, druggist, Fort Smith. Trial bottles of this wonderful Discovery free at Jtrown's drugstore, Union, Oregon. Bucltlen's Arnica Salve. Tin: HnsT sj.vi.vi: in the world for Cuts, Hruiscs, Sores, Ulcers, Salt Khcum, Fever Sores, Tetter, Chapped Hands, Chilblains, Corns, and all Skin Kruptions, and posi aively cures Piles, or no pay required. It is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction, or money refunded. Price 2.1 cents per box. For sale at llrown's drug store. Commendable. All claims not consistent with the high character of Syrup of Figs aro purposely avoided by tho Cal. Fig Syrup Company. It aots gently on the kidneys, liver and bowels, cleansing the system eflcetii'illy, but it is not a cure-all and makes no pro tensions that every bottle will not substan tiate. Give tho People Something for their Money ElllTOIl OitKCON Kcot't: Tho bulwark of American liberty, tho foundation stono on which every hope for tho complete emancipation of tho human race from injustice, wrong and oppression in tho future as it lias bcon in the past in the free and untramclkd press of this: magnificent country of this tho best government on which the sun litis ever cast its refulgent smile. To ;i largo majority of tiio intelligent readers who weekly scan tho columns of vonr bold OitKfio.v ticuvr tho fact that its columns aro open for the dis cussion in a candid manner by candid people, of nil subjoctH of public inter est, tho independence of your journal is baled with pleasure. There is no gnido-board pointing di rectly to tho fact thut tho wisdom of the frninois of tho constitution of this great republic will bo strictly adhered to and thu line of their fnr-rouching I.crriiiii''ut carried out thai equals Utt "i the progreM that ha been iltiule by tlie uvular prons of the Uni tod State within the tal decade. J?Ti 0 quarter of n century ngo tho pres." throughout the north boldly at tacked the institution of human sla very that found its shield and hemlet behind the then supposed to be sanctity of the pulpit, and notwithstanding the "sacred word" and tho almost unani mous support of lift;- thousand so called "divines" that "sacted institu tion" was wiped from the laws and customs of our 1111W more thoroughly civilised but less christianized nation, although they yet stand in all their ghastly hideousness in the pages of so called "holy wtit," even though tho "inspired word of (Jod" has lately been much improved by being polished and modified by the "uninspired" hand of man. Through the columns of the public press the minds of the people are reached and this great crucible, the human mind, is ever at work applying the sternest tests of the great chemicals of trade to every proposition that in ollered forthc advancement of the hu man race. Although isolated for the present from the great bustling, busy centers of population and eommoiee, the minds of the people hero aro ever alert and they feel commendable interest in all questions of public impoitnnce Without proper mail facilities, with no knowledge of what isgoing on in the outside world, with long evenings and little to do, the young and middle age ptople are naturally inclined to seek each other's company. Have you free library in this the countv scat of one of the wealthiest counties in ICas tern Oregon? Have you a public reading room where gentlemen and ladies may drop in and spend a leistite hour during the day or evening with the leading authors or with the leading magazines and journals? Have von 11 forum or literarv socio! v where the young men and young ladies who are soon to bo tho voters and on whoso wisdom and knowledge the very foun dation of our government rests can be trained, and where all questions touch ing the best interests of an advancing civilization can bo freely discussed and fairly tried at the bar of human rea son? I have been with vou but a short time, but I know of no such institu tions. Can any one tell mc why they do not exist? Is it because thev are not'needed? L do not believe any in tclligeat. unprejudiced citizen will assign this as a reason. While penning these thoughts my mind is carried back some twelve, thir teen or fourteen years, oven before the foundation stone was placed for your present county court house, and at that time the meetings of the Union Literary .Society were looked for as tho "feast of reason and flow of soul" that was regarded as a great public treat, and people came from far am! near to take part in tho exercises or to enjoy the occasion. If a stranger should bo so unfortunate as to be compelled to pass a few weeks in this city at this season of tho year, what have you to make his stay pleasant and give him an impression that would' cause him to desire to return or to say a good word abroad that would give strangers favorable impression of tho place? The monotony of the hotel ollico becomes unbearable in an evening or two and tho stranger walks out for a change. Wheie can he go to "kill timo?" Ho can take his choice of the four saloons, walk tho streets if ho can faco the storm or waiting until tho "lire alarm" is sounded from tho church bell he can fall in with tho rest of tho curiosity seekers and attend the alleged "divine worship" that is being carried on with so much zeal and so little reason at this time. And now that the real causo of the entire absence of any place in tho city wnero literary enjoyment can 00 in dulged in is owing to the fact that the members of the church and tho minis ters hero frowned upon it for tho rea son that free discussion leads to inves tigation and investigation leads to free thought and the moment that thu people begin to think for themselves that moment thu influence 'of thu "doctors" who aro "called" to doctor sick divinity beging to wane. In tho i discussion of almost any subject that may bo brought beforo a society or ganized for tho candid consideration of questions of public interest, the "sa cred word" is appealed tons it conven iently furnishes evidence in support of eithor tido of any subject. This always results in unveiling the fallacies, ab surdities and inconsistencies of tho writers of so-called holy writ and tho snake story, tho big red applo story, the fall of man, tho story of tho Hood, which science has demonstrated to bo a physical impossibility and of which geology had no record, tho ascension of Klijali and tho commanding of tho Mm to stand still by Joshua, tho wan dering for forty years of tho childion drcn of Israel in a wilderness that geography touches um never did exist or that John C. Frcomout or Jim 1 lVnnell would have cut a trail through in thirty days, all these and the thous and and one other absurdities that science has laid baie and that intelli gent ministers no longer endeavor to sustain become ridiculous now al though they were generally accepted without anv mental struggle bv church people a quarter of a century ago. In any society where free discussion is tolerated the narrow-gauge ministers who are "tilted for their work" in our narrow gauge theological schools are "knocked out in tho fust round" bv almost any of our school boys who have been permitted to read the Ore gonian, Tin: Scott and ihc secular press of tho laud; hence they piotnul gate absurdities fiom the pulpit that have a fiat earth foundation, the fall of man as a result for a weak, ignorant, naked woman's love of luscious red apples, the miraculous conception and birth of a Savioui made necessary to redeem man from his fallen condition, and do all they can to prevent their members from patronizing newspa pers, literary institutions or any other means by which the calcium light of common si use can bo thrown on the fosilized ab.-urditiiw that they have so ably managed to preserve until the wane of the nineteenth century. I'n- ion has thiee churches that probably cost, equipped for the promulgation of doctrines in conflict with every known levolntion of telescope, microscope or chemistry, about $10,000, and tho ministers, or "lire insurance agents," who lant and bluster or reail prosy manuscript from their pulpits, cost the public, piobably $:?,(K)0 per annum. Ten thousand dollars worth of church property exempt from taxation for twelve years equals about $:i,(i00 in taxes or rebate for Christ's sake that the people have made. Twelve years salary for these ministers would amount to $30,000 more and tho amount that has been collected at Mite society meetings, church so ciables, entertainments, strawberry festivals and tho revenue from tho live oyster that has so frequently gotten into the soup, would foot up a magnificent sum. And what has tho church to show for this? Hcho an swers only with hollow mockcrv. Hut let us not bo deceived bv our own can did observations of tho echo that fob lows the inquiry; wo have another more important witness. AVo have tho direct statement of tho minister of one of tho churches here, who is en gaged in the attempt to frighten chil dren with imaginary pictures of Hell, that "there has not been a genuine conversion to ulirifitianitv 111 wraudc Konde valley for twelve years." is this startling announcement true? If the cost of supporling tho ministers and building tho churches has been in the neighborhood of $10,000 in Union within tho past twelve, years, the cost in Grande Hondo valley must have reached the enormous sum of $100,- 000, and not a genuine conversion for all this vast sum of money! No' won der that tho editor of tho North Ameri- in Koview invited answers fiom a number of leading ministers to the question "Can our churches be. made more useful?" suggested by tho con ceded truth that the inilucnen of the I'ulpit is waning and that masses of people generally virtuous and intelli gent people aro drifting away lyoni church inlluenco. Tho replies were suggestive and in somo particulars startling. Among other things it wuh maintained that tho process of mental development is making a wide breach between tho people and orthodox relig ion and that tho remedy could only bo found in adopting a religion up to the requirements of thu ago; that it in now demonstrated beyond all intelli gent question that no such fact over occurred in tho history of man as his fall, that his progress has over been onward and upward, that every dogma of tho old churches, every rite and sac rament presupposes tho fall and con sequent ruin of tho race and but for this erroneous belief nouo of them would ever havo existed or would now )o tolerated, and the statement of this divine that "not a genuine conversion to Christianity has occurred in Craiulo Hondo valley within tho past twelve years is exactly in Keeping will) tho evidence brought out in tho discission of this grave question in thu columns of tho Heview by tho most advanced thinkers in tho I'ulpit at tho pretent time. Tho answer given by tho Hev. Slinot J. .Savage In most remarkable. Free minded, well informed people no longer believe in any fall of man, Wo aro prewented with tho strange spectacle of hundreds perhaps thous ands of ministers of all different churches who in privato at least will frankly confess that they share tho belief of all intelligent men in tho an tiquity and slow and gradual develop ment of tho raco from tho lowest be ginning. Thoy believe in no Genesis story of wither Kdtm or mau'u fall and " p," v... ..vuv.... .Iltllllll- istcrinj; tho sacraments ns if nothing had happened. Their one official busi nofH is to proclaim a loss that does not exist and oiler a .salvation that is not needed. They know this and eon- j fees it and keep on doing it." Will I the "Rev" gentleman, who Mtaudiiur up in his pulpit boldly asserts that twelve years preaching in (Srande Ronde valley has been so barren of results, admit with Mr. Savage that the reason is that the people do not believe the silly nonsense that haa been taught from the pulpit at such enormous cost, and if so admitting will he endeavor to give the public the benefit of his honest convictions or will ho undertake to plod along for another dozen years on the supposi tion that the people of CJrande Ronde valley are a lot of ignorant denizens of of the backwoods and that the same old story, the faithful piomulgalion of which has brought in such empty nuts, is good enough for them. If, as the Rev. Mr. Savage puts it, the magnificent power of the church snouui no longer ue expended "in the ellort to deliver an imaginary man from the imaginary wrath of an im aginary (iod in an imaginary Hell" the sooner thuv ostablitdi sometliini: to stand on that will gain for them the ics pec t. of kind-hearted, noble geiur otis and intelligent men and women who dare think for themselves, the sooner will they begin to receive pay ing dividends on investments that do not now yield a genuine conversion in a dozen years. Whenever the clergy can oiler the public a system of iclig ion that has for its foundation the eternal principles of truth and for ils aim the moral elevation of the human race, they will havo a platform so broad to stand on Unit they will be proud to stand up' in their defense outside as well as in the pulpit, and then they will soon have tho entire populace as regular members, all will ing to contribute to the support of the cause. Mc. TAKUN IM'. Notice is hereby given that I hao taken up on .laiuinry .'I, 1MI), at mv place two and one-half miles from PhiMVille, in fine val ley, Union county, Oregon: Une light buckskin lilley, about II years old, IP j hands high, white strip ill foie head, nhltemaucaud tail, uobrands Uible. Owner will please piove property, pay charges and take the same awav. i-::t .101:1, iiinvriT. kkthaykii sn.no ni:w.iu. Strayed from our place at Tclocaset, and lust seen on lilg creek, one sorrel mare. four vears old, branded TB on left shoul der, the T above the B Anyone giving information lendlncto the recovery of tins animal will be pId .f-.r. TO.MHI.HSON niton. 1-HI-ml Telocaset. For Sale. IC00 owes mid Itiinbs ami 'tOO wethers, yesuiings and two yesir olds. Will sell tit a bargain. EiKiuiroorT.fi. WILSON, at Cove, or 15. F. WILSON, Union, Oregon. J. F.Smith iSpecinlist in Veterinary Surgery. Itldgllug hones succesfully treated, Hellers mid .sows spayed by the latest Im proved methods. I will give Imstructi'i i In rny system of treatment, and guarantee satisfaction In every instance, or no charges will be made. I nm permanently located at Union, Oregon. Will promptly attend to all call, by mail or otherwise. R-l.-tf. Main St., Union, Oregon. LOUIE F0KDNBY, Proprietor. Open Day and Night. Meal Survi'd at All Until" nn Iho Eu ropean rinii. Fresh Baltimore Oysters Con stantly on Hand. Drop In anil (let n Square Mcul. SCOOTING GALLERY AND Confectionery Stor,e Lindsay IIuiusiith, Trop'r, MAIN HTHBKT, UNION, OKUG'ON Keeps Constantly on Hand a Nice Htock of Choice CANDIES, NUTS, TOBACCO, CIGARS And other Articles loo Numerous to Mention. GIVE MIS A GALL. Diamond Clop House KVl ft Combuvs the juice of the Blue Figs of California, so laxative and nutritious, with the medicinal virtues of plants known to be niot beneiici 1 to tl's human system, forminp; the ON i V i'l'.R. FECT UKMKDV to act gei.i: ;t promptly on the KIDNEYS, LIVER AND BOWELS and :o GSeansethsSyStomBfectiialiy, Vl THAT punr. blood, i:-FRESHi:v:c. r.Lnsp, HEALTH r.nd 5TRC?iCTH Jiaturr.liy follow. Rvcry one is usinr; it and nil are dcln;otcd with it. Asl: ) our :huggi..t for SYlllTi OK FIGS. Maau-f.-.cnucd only bv tlie CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP CO., Gas- I'aANcisjio, Cvl. "ir Vonu. X. V And has Electrified the World lly the nuuoiinecmcut of his safe return to civilintinu. Ills adventures and discover ies have ticcn grand, wonderful, marvelous. The world ha seen nothing like them be fore. 1 1 K thrilling adventures, marvelous di-eoverie, daring exploits, astounding privations, wonderful trip across the llark ('onilucnt, how he found laiiin Hey - liv ery bod. will lu included, from his lirstcu triince Into Africa to the procnt time Ia pry hod v wants the now GHXUIXK STANLEY HOOK! From Stan'ev' own writing ami despatches. Over inn of the grainiest and most, wonder ful new engravings and colored plates ever seen in a book of travels. It has been ea gerly awaited, and will be more sought af ter, make more money for the agent and make it easier than any hook Nsiied for tho pal fifty years. fir Jifrinn' f)l'l unreliable ac-.y..H.f-.'yV.1'. enmit.NufSiaiiloy'. travels are being published. Do not be deceived by old books, re-lia-hes and battered plates. U'c announce this to protect our agents mid the public against the numerous worthless so-called Stanley l!ooks-;i of which nro simply old books that have been in u.se for vcarsi and aro now being offered as new books, with a few pages of new matter ad ded. AGENTS WANTED Everywhere Teachers, Young Men and Ladies, Minis ters. Farmers, Mechanics and Clerks ran easily nuik'i from $5 to $26 per day. No experience icquircd, Cmmc-siug outfit now ready. Send immediately for illuttra. ted circulars and terms free, or, to seeiiro an agency at once, send $1,00 for the out lit and yon shall bo served first. Money refuu'Ied if not satisfactory. Address THE HISTORY Oo., 7i!.'t Market Street. San Kruueisco. Cal. THE WORLD'S BEST Kifl Button $2.50 Shoe Jim no onnal for Stylo. Kit nncl Wear. PofltlTolj Iho hvn oboo In Amenou for thu moner. Do not be fiocoivud. -Hro itumii on bottom of uuvli elioo. Ttku nn oUict.U rivvry pulr wurmntl. Btyllih ntul oqiiiU to unyW.i thou la '.hti tnarkut. l'orialo bl J oh. Wright, Union, Or. Prof- Loisette's OBY DISCOVERY AND TRAINING METHOD In fpitn i( niliitlrntt Imitations which nil th IIikiiO, mill practical ru!tof til" Orixiiial, liilltuf UtM tot"Mt ruinrfiirrxutatiuQa by eimiiiu wmiM bii i .-m 1 1. tittirn, aiiillunpltunC "bunlti-miM Ki !" him ft thiitruil u( hi UlH.rif,(Atl of which (W'tiimiMriitH tli iimluiililoil MilH'riiTltr anil ioiiulirily tif lilntracliitv(. I'r'.f. 1iitiottn'aArtof Mer J Vri-Mtinic Is rr'ieintil tiwlajr In bnth llMiiireherun an lumlilnc an Ki"'li iu. npiniiaiaul xviplinln all partner tha;liriHhohAiAet Unlly Kltitll il h)la ty rorrrapouitenro, ahowinc Uiat liia Mrrem in um onlu vAi' miii tliuiinl. not auinnry tjiiiiurn. ill" rnifiwciua (Hempen ITrtlw (T"h7ii'm; intaii nonk can 0 Itnmrtt i linamnoU If nn Ilia. Iii Itvt.trvtntenno ftrxa, act. I at , i-ixi; A. LUISttTTB, UU7 Fifth Atcuuo, N.Y irinnaiii irnuonnuuv uiinwt SCND FOR OUnCATALOOUCAND PRICES ATLAS ENGINE WORKS. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Thomson & I'ursol tiro niroiits for tho celebrated Cyclone WlndJllll, and tiK tho prices on tliom have been great ly reduced thoy nro now within tho reach of nil, biiuijilo mill to bu fccou at their pinner In North Union. Call and examine it. V4. 1 i,r-'v-t,Kv, J V f