It of nn enactment, under which relief mny
e clttimi'd ns a right, and Unit such relief
liould he granted under the sanction or law,
lot in evasion of It: tior should such worthy
bleets or cure, all equally entitled, he re
mitted to tho unequal operation of synipu
Jiy, or the tender mercies of social and no
Itlcal Intluence with their unjust dlserlml
tnllons. The discharged soldiers and sailors
it thecountrv are our fellow-cltlrens, anil In
crested with us in the passage and faithful
ixecution of wholesome law. They cannot
e swerved from their duty of citizenship by
rt fill appeals to their spirit of brotherhood,
inrn or common peril and sud'erln;: nor will
..v exact as a test or devotion to their vvoi
aren willingness to neglect public duty lu
Uielr behalf.
PATKNT Ol'FKK.
t Sflf-Sopportlng Institution, With Intrradng
Ilushies.
On the 4th of March, 1MT, the current busi
ness of the Patent Olllco was. on an average,
Ivo and cue-half mouths behind. At the
lose of the last llscal year such current work
ivns but three months In arrears, and it is as
icrted and believed that lu the next few
ainnths the delay In obtaining and exam
'nine an application Tor a patent will be but
aimiinul. Tho number of applications for
jatents during the last fiscal year. Including
re-issues, designs trade-marks and labels,
minis 40.G7S, which Is considerably In excess
or the number received during tho preceding
rear. The receipts of the patent olllce during
ihe year aggregate Sl.-ViO.ltir.SO, enabling the
mice to turn into the Treasury, over
nd above all expenditures, about Slti,T01.7J.
The number of patents granted during
the last llscal year, Including reissues of trade
uiui;, designs and labels, was 2.'.(il9 a num
tier also quite largely In excess of that or any
preceding year. The report or the Comnils
tloncr shows the olllce to be In a prosperous
onditlon and constantly Increasing in its
tmsiuess. No Increase of force is asked for.
The amount estimated for tho year ending
Juncno.lS.S7, was StttyMW. Tho amount est!
aiuted for tho llscal year ending June 30, 1SJS3,
is STTS.TTO.
SUi:SlI)IZKI) 1I0.VDS.
Pit fiovcrnmcnt a Creditor the Sole JIattfr to bo
Considered.
The Secretary of the Interior suggests a
-liango In tho plan for the payment of the In
debtedness of tho l'ucltle subsidized roads to
ho Government. Ills suggestion has tho
jnanimous endorsement of the persons se
lected by tho Government to act as directors
of these roads and protect the Interests of tho
t'nlted States In the board of direction. In
considering the plan proposed the solo mat
ters which should he taken into account, in.
.my opinion, are the situation or the Govem-.aicntn-s
a creditor and the surest way to se--ure
the pavment of tho principal and Inter
fst. of Its debt, lly a recent decision or the
Supreme Court oi tho 1'nlted States It has
been adjudged that the laws of the several
Slates arc Inoperativo to regulato rates of
transportation upon railroads If such reguln
:lon interferes with tho rate of currluga lrom
3to State into another. This Important Held
91" control and regulation having been thus
lert entirely unoccupied, tho expediency of
Federal action upon the subject is worthy of
consideration.
I.AII0K AXI) CAPITA li.
In Advocacy of Harmony And Depreciation of
DM ur bunco.
The relations of labor and capital and of la
boring men to their employers are of tho ut
most concern to every patriotic citizen.
When theso are strained and distorted, un
lustltlable claims are apt to bo insisted upon
ov both interests, and In tho controversy
which results tho welfare of all and the pios
perlty of tlio country arc Jeopardized. Any
intervention of tho general Governmont,
within the limits of its constitutional author
ity, to avert nueh a condition, should be will
ingly accorded. In a special messago trans
muted to tin Congress, at its last session, I
mggcsted the enlargement of our present
labor bureau and adding to its present
functions tho power of arbitra
tion In eases whero dill rences
ansa between employes and employers.
When these differences reach to such a stage
hk to result In the Interruption of commerce
between States.the application of this remedy
bv tho general Government might be regard
ed as entirely within its constitutional pow
ers, and I think we might reasonably hope
that such arbitration, if carefully selected,
and if entitled to the eonllileneo of tho par
ties to bo iitl'ected, would bo voluntarllycalied
to tho settlement of tho controversy of less
extent, and not necessarily within tho do
main of tho Federal regulation. I am of tho
opinion that this suggestion is worthy the at
tention of tho Pongress. Hut alter all has
been done by tho passage, of laws either 1-ed-cral
or State, to relieve a situation full of so
licitude, much more remains to be aceoniiv
IMied by tho reinstatement and cultivation
of a true American sentiment, which recog
nizes tho equality of American citizenship.
This, in the light of our traditions and in
lovaltv to the spirit of our institutions, would
teach that a hearty eo-opcratlon on tho part
of all Interests is the surest path to national
greatness, and the happiness of oil our peo
ple, that capital should, In recognition of tho
brotherhood or our citizenship anil in a spirit
of American fairness, generously accord to
labor its lust compensation and considera
tion and that contented labor Is capital's best
protection and faithful ally. It would teach,
too, tho diverse- situation of our people as In
separable from our civilization, that every
citizen should in his sphere bo a contributor
to the general good; that capital does not
necessarily tend to tho oppression of labor;
and that violent disturbances and disunions
alienate from the promters truo American
sympathy aud kindly feeling.
DKPAKTMKXT OK AtiltllTI.TCIt
refulnessor tlio Serilre Sugspstlons Touching
Plcuro-l'iii'iiiiionla.
Tho Department of Agriculture, represent
ing the oldest and largest of our national In
dustries, K subserving well tho purposes of
Its organization, lly tlio Introduction of new
Mtbjccts of farming enterprise, and by open
ing now sources of agricultural wcalth,-and
tho dissemination of early Information con
cerning production nnd prices, It has con
tributed largely to tho country's prosperity.
Through this agency, advanced thought and
Investigation touching the subjects It has In
charge, should among other things, bo prac
tically applied to the homo production at a
low cost of nrtlcles altered, which tiro now
Imported from abroad. Such an Innovation
will necessarily, of course, In tho beginning
be within tho domain of intelligent experi
ments, and the subject lu every singe should
receive all possiblo encouragement from tho
Government.Tholntcrestsof millions engaged
In agriculture uro Involved In improvement
if results of their labor and a zealous regard
tor their welfare should bo a willing trlbuto
for thoso whoso productlvo returns aro u
main sourco of our progress nnd power. Tho
existence of plcuro-pnoumonhi has led to bur
densome and, in some eases.dlsastrous effects
In an important branch of Industry, and af
fect tho quantity and quality of our food
supply. This is a matter of such Importance
nnd of such far-reaching consequences, that I
hope it will engago tho serious attention of
the Congress, to tho end that such a remedy
may be applied as to tlio limits of a constitu
tional delegation of powerto tho general Gov
ernment will permit. I commend to tho con
sideration of the Congress tlio rcort of tho
commissioner mid his suggestions concern
ing the Interests entrusted to his care.
CIV1I. SKUV1CK.
A Tie For Consideration by Congress and For
Popular KTor.
The continued operation of the law relating
to our Civil service has added to tho most
convincing proofs or Its necessity nnd useful
ness. Ills u fact worthy of noto Hint every
public olllcer who has a just Idea of his duty
xo tho people, testifies to tlio value of this re
form. Its staunchest friends ure found among
thoso who understand It best, and Its wnrm
ot supporters aro those who ore restrained
and protected by Its requirements. Tho
meaning of such restraint and protection Is
not appreciated by those who want places un
der the Government, regardless of merit and
clllclency, nor by those who Insist that the
election for such places should rest uon a
proper credential, showing active partisan
work. It Is exceedingly strange that the
scopo and nature of this rerorm aro so little
understood, nnd that so many things not In
cluded within its plan are called by
Its name. When Civil Service yields more
iully tfl examination, the system will
have largo additions to tho number or
lis friends. Our civil service reform maybe
Imperfect In some of its deluils; It may be
misunderstood and opposed; It may not al
ways be faithfully applied. Its designs may
sometimes tnlseurry through mistake or
languish under the misguided zeal or Im
practicable friends, if tin, jkmioIo of this
ouuntry ever submit to the baiiUliinent of
Its underlying principle from tho oiieratlon
of their Government, they will nbandon the
m lent guarantee of the safety and success of
American institutions. I Invoke for this re
form the cheerful and ungrudging supiiort of
the tVingn-ss. I renew iny iccoinmeiidatlon
made last year Unit the commissioner be
mude equal tootherofHeer of tho Government
having Ilk- duties anil resiMiiulbllltlf, und I
liope tUttt such reasonable appropriation may
be made ns wilt enable them to Increase tho
usefulness of the cause they have charge of.
FltKKIUlAYS HANK.
The Payment of Its Liabilities AdiNed In Equity
ami i airness.
I desire to call the nttcutlon of the Congress
i toiiplnln duty which the Government owes
I to the dejiosltors In the Freedninn Savings
! and Trust company. This company was
' chartered by the Congress for the benefit or
me most illiterate nnu numuie oi our people,
and with the intention of encouraging in
them industry and thrift. Most or Its
branches were presided over by officers hold
ing the commissions, nnd clothed In the uni
form of the United States. These and other
circumstances reasonably, I think, led theso
simple people to suppose that the Invitation
to deposit their hard-earned savings lu this
Institution implied nn understanding on the
part of their Government that their money
should bo safely kept for them. When this
company failed It was liable in the sum
of K,ni9.IUi.!, to (11,131 depositors. Dividends
nmnuntlng In the aggregate to (S! per cent
have been declared, aud the sum called for
nnd paid of such dividends seems to beSl,-UlS,lsi.r-!.
This sum deducted from the entire
amount or deposits leaves 5t,ll,Tll.,VJ still
unpaid. Past experience has shown that
quite a largo part of this sum will not be
called ror. There are assets still on hnnd
amounting to the estimated sum or $10,000. I
think tho remaining ;1S per cent or such or
these dc)oslt.s ns have claimants should be
paid by the Government upon principles of
equity and fairness. The report of tlio com
mission soon to be laid beroro Congress will
give more satisfactory details on this subject.
THE FlSHKltlKS qiKSTlOX.
Xegollatlons Still Pending lieasonable Hope ol
Speed) Conclusion.
A convention between tho United States
nnd certain other powers for the protection of
sub-marine cables was signed at Pnrls on
March I, 1881, nnd has been duly nit Med and
proclaimed by this government. Hy agree
ment between the high contracting parties
this convention is to go into elleet the 1st
of Jnnunry next, but the legislation required
for Its execution In the United states has not
yet been adopted. I earnestly recommend
Its enactment. Cases have continued to oc
cur In Germany giving rise to much corres
pondence In relation to tho privilege of so
journ of our naturalized citizens of German
origin rovlsltlng the land kc their birth,
yet I am happy to stato that our
relations with flint country have
lost none or their nccustomcd cordiality. The
claims for Interest upon the amount of ton
nago dues. Illegally exacted from eertnln
Germnn steamship lines, were favorably re
ported In both Houses of Congress at their
last session, and 1 trust will receive lltiiil and
favorable action at an early day. The recom
mendation considered In my lust annual
messago In relation to a mode of .settlement
or the fishery rights In the waters of British
North America, so long a subject of anxious
inference between the United States and
Great Hrltnln, was met by an adverse vote of
the Senate April lath last, and thereupon ne
gotiations were instituted to obtain an agree
ment with Her Ilrltannic Majesty's govern
ment for tho promulgation of such Joint Inter
pretation and definition of the article of tho
convention of 1S78, relating to the terri
torial waters nnd Inshore fisheries of tlio
llrltish provinces, as should secure the Cana
dian rights from encroachment by United
States fishermen, nnd, at the samo time, in
sure the enjoyment by the latter of the priv
ileges guaranteed to them by such conven
tion. Tho questions Involved aro of long
standing, oi grave consequence, nnd from
time to time Tor nearly three-quarters or a cen
tury have given rlso to earnest International
discourses, not unaccompanied by irritation.
Temporary arrangements Tiy treaties have
served to allay friction, which, however, has
revived as each treaty was terminated. Tho
last nrningcmcnt, under the treaty of 1S71
was obrogatod.al'ter due notice, by tho United
States June SO, 18S3, but I was enabled to ob
tain for our fishermen for the remainder of
that season, enjoyment of the privileges ne
corded by the terinlnatlngtreaty. Tho Joint
commission by whom tho treaty had been
negotiated, although invested with plenary
power to make permanent establish
ment were content with temporary
arrangements, after the termination of which
the question was relegated to the stipulations
of the treaty of ISIS, as to tho first article of
which no construction satisfactory to both
countries has ever been agreed upon. Tho
progress of civilization and the growth of
imputation In the llrltish Provinces, to which
the fisheries In question are contiguous, and
the expansion of commercial Intercourse be
tween them and the United States, present
today a condition of iilliilrs scarcely realiza
ble at thedntoof thenegotliitlonsoliSlH. New
nnd vast Interests have been brought Into ex
istence. Modes of intercou.ise between the
respective countries have been Invented and
multiplied, the, methods of conducting tho
fisheries have been wholly changed; and all
this Is necessarily entitled to candid and
careful consideration In tho iidjustment of
the terms and conditions of Intercourse and
commerce between the United States and
their neighbors along a frontier of over .V0i)
miles. This propinquity of community,
language aud occupation, and similarity
of political and social Institutions. Indicate
tho practicability and obvious wisdom of
maintaining mutually benclleliil and friend
ly relations. Whilst I am unfelgnedly desir
ous thut such relations should exist between
us and the Inhabitants of Canada, yet the ac
tion of their olllclals during tho pust-sousou
toward our fishermen has been such as to se
riously threaten thelrcoutlnuance. Although
disappointed in my ell'orls to secure a satis
factory settlement of the fishery question,
negotiations aro still pending, with reasona
ble hope that before the close of tho present
session or Congress advancement may bo
made nnd Hint an acceptable conclusion has
been reached. At an early day there may bo
laid before Congress the correspondence of
the Department of Stato In relation to this
Important subject, so that the history of tho
past llshing season may bo fully dis
closed, and tho action and tho attitude
or tho administration clearly comprehended.
More extended reference Is not deemed
necessary In this communication. Tho
recommendation, submitted hwt year, that
provision bo inailo for a preliminary recoil
nolsanco of the conventional boundary lino
between Alaska and llrltish Columbia Is re
newed. HAWAII" AXI JAPAX.
The Desirability or Intimacy With Tliem-I.lbe-rla's
Ilelattons.
I express my unhesitating conviction Hint
the Intimacy of our relations with Hawaii
should bo emphasized. As a result of tho re
ciprocity treaty or 1875 theso Islands, on the
highway or Oriental and Australian triiflle,
are virtuully an outpost of American com
merco and a stepping stone, to tho growing
trado of tlio l'ucltle. The Polynesian Island
groups huvo been so absorbed by other und
moro powerful governments that tho Hn
wullan islands ure let t almost ulono In the en
joyment or their autonomy which It is im
IMirtunt for us should bo preserved. Our
treaty is now terminable on one year's
notice, but propositions to abrogate It
would bo in my Judgment most ill-advised.
I ho paramount influence wo have thcroao-
3 ulred, onco relinquished, could only with
illlculty be regained, and a valuable coign
ol untagofor ourselves might boconverted
into a stronghold for our commercial compot
itoiv. ijlrstly recommend that tho existing
tre.uv tlpulatlons be extended for u further
tei ni ofseven years. A icccntiy Higned treaty
to tins cud Is now beroro the senate. Tho tin
Tr('j,nn of ulegru phlc Miuiiriii'i leal Ion be
tween these islands and the United States
should not bo overlooked.
The question of a gcncrnl revision of the
treaties of Jupan Is again under discussion at
Toklo. As the first to open relations with
that empire and ns the nation in most direct
commercial relation with Japan, the United
States have lost no opportunity to testify
thelrconslstent friendship by supporting the
Just claims of Japan to autonomy and Inde
pendence among nutlons. A treaty of extra
dition between tho United States and Japan,
the first concluded by that empire, has been
lately proclaimed. . . -A
The weakness of I.Iberia and the difficulty
of inalntalng ellectlve sovereignty over Its
outlying districts have exposed that llcpub
llo to encroachments. It cannot bo forgotten
that this distant community Is an oll'-shoot of
our own system, owing Its origin to the asso
ciated benevoleiico of American citizens,
whose praiseworthy elforts to creatoa nu
cleus of civilization in the Dark Continent
have commanded respect and sympathy else
where, especially in this country.
Although it formal protectorate over I.lberln
Is contrary to our traditional iMilicy, tho moral
right nnd duty of the United Stutes to assist
in all proper maintenance of Its integrity Is
obvious, und has been consistently announced
during nearly hulfu century. I recommend
that in the reorganization ofournavy.usiiuill
vessel, no longer found adequate to our needs,
he presented to Liberia, to be employed by It
Inline protection of its coastwise revenues.
MKXR'AX MATTKHS.
Ilenenal f Former Suji?eUon The Case of Kdh
tor Cutting-.
The encouraging development of beneficial
andjntlmuto relation between the United
HtatM und .Mxlco.whlch has been so inurked
within the pust few years, is at once the occa
sion of congratulation uud of friendlj solid-
I lude. 1 urgently renew my former represen
tation of the need of speedy leglslstion by
Congress to carry Into ctl'ect the reciprocity
commercial on vent Ion or Jan. Jo, ISM. Gur
commercial tteuty of 1SU with Mexico was
terminated, according to Its provisions, lu
ISM, Ufsjli notlllentliin given by Mexico In
pursuance or her announced Kllcy of recast
ing all her commercial treaties. Mexico ho.
since concluded with several foreign govern
ments new treaties of commerce aud naviga
tion defining alien rights of trade, property
und residence, treatment of shipping, con
sular privileges, and the like.
Our yet unexecuted reciprocity conven
tion of KS.1 covers none of these points,
tho settlement or vv hleh is so neces
sary to good relationship. I priqtose
to Initiate with Mexico negotiations
for a new and enlarged treaty of commerce
aud navigation. In compliance with it resin
lutlon of the Senate, 1 communicated to that
body on Aug. 'i last, and also to the House of
Representatives, the correspondence In the
case of A. K. Cutting, an American cltlr.cn
then Imprisoned In Mexico, charged with tip
commllon or u penal oll'ense in Texas, oi
which a Mexican citizen was tho object.
After demand had been made for his release,
tlio charge ugatiist him was amended so as to
Include a violation of Mexican law within
Mexican territory. This Joinder of alleged
otlenscs, one within and the other exterior lo
Mexico, Induced mo to order u special In
vestigation of the case, pending which Mr.
Cutting was released. The Incident has, how
ever, dlscloseduelttlmnf Jurisdiction by Mex
ico novel In our history, whereby any oll'ense.
committed anywhere by a foreigner, penal
in tho place of its commission, and
of which Mexico Is the object, may, IT the
offender be found In .Mexico, be there tried,
and punished in conformity with Mexican
laws. Jurisdiction was sustained by courts
ol Mexico In the Cutting case and approved
bv the executive branch of that government,
.ipon the authority of a Mexican statute. The
appellate court In releasing Mr. Cutting de
cided that the abandonment of the complaint
by tho Mexican citizens aggrieved by the al
leged ci line (a libelous publication! removed
the basis of rurthcr prosecution and al-o de
clared justice to have been satlslled by tho
enforcement of u small part of the original
sentence. The admlssloiiofsueh a pretension
would be attended vv ll It serious results. Inv a
sive of the Jurisdiction or this Government
and hignlv dangerous to our citizens In for
eign hunts. Therefore, I have denied It and
protested against ltsattcinptede.xerclsoiis un
warranted by t ho principles of law and Inter
national usages. A sovereign has Jurisdiction
of olleiises which take ell'ect within his ter
ritory although concerted or commenced out
side of It, but tho right Is denied or any foreign
sovereign tu punish ii citizen of tho United
states lor an oll'ense consummated on our soil
'n violation or our laws, even though the of
fense bo against a subiect or citizen of such
sovereign. The -Mexican statute lu question
makes the claim broadly, and the principle,
If conceded, would create a dual responsibil
ity in the citizen and lead ton confusion de
structive or that certainly In the law which is
an essential of liberty. When citizens of tho
United States voluntarily go Into a foreign
country, they must abldo by tho laws there
in force and will not be protected by then
own Government from the consequences of
vn oll'onso against those laws committed In
such foreign country; but tho watchful
care and Interest of this Government
over its citizens aie not relinquished because
they have gone abroad, and If charged with
crime committed In the foreign hinds, a fair
and open trial, conducted with decent regard
for Justice and humanity, will be demnndiid
."ji-thcm. With less than thut this Govern
ment will not be content when tho life or
liberty or Its citizens Is at stoke, whatever
tho degree to which extra territorial crim
inal Jurisdiction may hove been formerly al
lowed by consent and reciprocal agreement
among certain of tho F.uropeiin states. No
such doctrine or practice was ever known to
the laws of this country or of that from which
our Institutions have mainly been derived.
In the ease of Mexico there are reasons espec
ially strong .or harmony in the mutual exer
cise of jurisdiction. Nature has nuido us
irrev ocably neighbors, and wisdom and kind
reeling should make us friends. Tho over
flow of capital and enterprise from tho
United Slates Is a potent factor
in as-sistlug the development of the resources
of Mexico and in building up the prosperity
of both countries. To assist this good work
all grounds of apprehension for the security
of person and property should ho removed,
i;nd I trust that In the Interests or good neigh
borhood I lie statu vo referred to will boso modi
tied ns to eliminate the present possibilities
of danger to the peace of the two countries.
oniDit i:i:i,nio.s.
The Netherlands, Persia, Peru, Itussla nnd Samoa.
Tlio government or the Netherlands has
exhibited concern In relation to certain fea
tures of our tarill' laws, which are supposed
bv them to bo alined at a class of tobacco pro
duced In Ihe Fust Indies. Comment would
seem unnecessary upon the unwisdom of
legislation appearing lo have a special na
Monal discrimination for Its object, which,
although unintentional, may give rlso to In
jurious relations.
The establishment, less thnn four years ago,
ofa legation at Teheran is bearing fruit In tho
Interest exhibited by the Shah's govern
ment In the industrial aeliv ity of the United
Stoles and tho opportunities of beneficial in
terchanges. Stable government Is now happily restored
In Peru by tho election ol a Constitutional
President, nnd u period ot rehabilitation Is
entered upon, but recovery Is necessarily
slow lrom the exhaustion caused by the lute
war and civil disturbances. A convention to
adjust, by arbitration, claims of our citizens
has been promised aud Is under considera
tion The naval ofllcer who bore In Siberia the
testimonials bestowed by Congress In recog
nition of the old given to tho .Icannctto sur
vivors has accomplished his mission. Ills
Interesting' report will bo submitted. It Is
pleasant to know that this mark of apprecia
tion has been welcomed by tho Kussliui gov
ernment and people as befits the traditional
friendship of the two countries.
Civil perturbations In tlioSuiiiP".ti Isles has,
during the past few years, been a source ol
considerable embarrassment to the three gov
ernmentsGermany, Great Itrltaln and tho
United Stales whoso relations and extra ter
ritorial rights in that Important, group nro
guaranteed by treaties, Tho weakness of tho
natlvo administration, and tho conflict of op
posing Interests In the Islands, have led King
Mulltcoo to soekrtlllunceor protection In some
one quarter, regardless of the distinct engage
ments whereby no one of tho three treuty
powers may acquire any paramount or ex
clusive Interest. In May last Malltcou oll'eied
to place Samoa under tho protection of 'tho
United States, and the late consul, without
authority, assumed to grant It. Tho proceed
ing was promptly disavowed, nnd the over
zealous ofllcl.it recalled. Special agents ol
the three governments have been deputed
to examine tho situation In tho Islands,
with a change In tho representation
of all three powers and u harmonious under
standing between them. Tho peace, prosper
ity, autonomous administration and neutral
ity of Humoa can hardly fall to bo secured.
T1IK I'hWl IX SPAIX.
History of the lieeent Proclamation Concerning
Spanish Dulles.
It appearing that tho government of Spain
did not extend to the flag of tho United
States In tho Antilles the wholo measure ol
reciprocity requlslto undt r our stututo tor tho
continuance of the suspension of dis
criminations against tlio Spanish lla''
In our ports, I was constrained
in October last to rescind my prede
cessor's proclamation of Feb. It, 1881, permit
ting such suspension. An arrangement was,
however, speedily rcachfil, and, upon notlll
cation from tho government of Spain that all
differential treatment of our vessels und their
cargoes from tho United States or from any
foreign country hod been completely and ab
solutely rcliiiquhhcd, I availed myself
of tlio discretion conferred by luw, und
Issued, on tho l!7tli of October, my
pri-clamatlon declaring reciprocal suspension
In the United States, It Is most gratifying to
bear testimony to the earnest spirit In which
the government or tho Queen Itcgent lias
met our efforts to avert tho Initiation of com
inerclal discriminations which ure ever dis
astrous to the material interests and tho polit
ical good will of the countries they ullecl. The
profitable development of tho largo commer
cial exchanges between the United States and
theSpanlsh Antilles Is naturally un object ol
solicitude. Lying close at our doors nnd find
lug here their main markets of supply and
demand, the welfare of Cuba and Porto Klco
antl their prouuciions unu trauo uro scarcely
less Important to us than to Spain. Their
' commercial and flnanelul moves ure so nat
urally a purt orour system that no obstacle to
fuller, freer Intercourse should bo permitted
to exist. The standing Instructions ol
our representatives at Madrid and
Havana liuve for years been to leave no effort
it uessuyed to further these ends, and at no
time has the equal good desire of Spain been
honofullv manifested than now. The
government of Spain, thus removing the con
sular tonnage fees in cargoes shipped to the
Antilles una by reducing passport fees, has
shown Its recognition of the needs of less
trammeled Intereouise. An effort has been
mude during the past year to remove the hin
drances to the proclamation of tho treaty of
naturalization wiiu me miuiiiuu t unc, igii-.-u
lu 171, which has remained Inoperative ow
ing to a disagreement of Interpretation of the
j clauses relative to the clfccU of thy return to
ind sojourn ot a naturalised cltlnrti In the
and or his origin. 1 trust soon to be able to
tnnouuee u favorable settlement of tin? differ
mces as lo the Interpretation.
It has been highly sutl-l'oclory to note the
improved treatment of Aniciicnn
missionaries in Turkey, us has been
itteMed by their acknowledgements to
ur late Minister lo that government of his
uiocessl'ul exertions In their behalf.
The exchange of ratification of t lie conven
tion ofDir. IS-Vi. wllh Venezuela, for the re
spelling of the awards of theCurucas commis
ilon under the claims-convention of ls-xl has
aot vet been ellW'led, owing h Ihe delay of
(be executive of that ltepublle In ratltjlng
.he measure. I trust that this postponement
nill be brief, but should it much longer coti
;lnue, the deloy may well be regarded us a
rescission of the compact and a failure on tho
crnrt of Vcnzuelo to complete on arrangement
to persistently sought by her dining many
rears and assented toby this Government in
t spirit of International rolruess, although to
:he detriment of liohlersofbona tide awards of
.he Impugned commission. 1 renew tho recom
mendation of my lust annual message, that
?lstlng legislation concerning cltWeivhlp
lud naturalization bo rev Ised.
F.XTK IIHTIOX IlIKATIKS.
To Pretent the 3Ilsrarr)hie of Justice The Copy
rlxht I Jiis.
AVehnve treaties with many states providing
for renunciation of citizenship by naturalized
ileus, but no statute Is found to giv e elleet to
inch engagements, nor any which provides u
needed central bureau for tho registration of
naturollzed citizens. F,.perlence suggests
.hut our statutes regulating extradition may
jo amended bv a provision for the transit
icross our territory, now n convenient
thoroughfare of travel from one country to
mother, of fugitives surrended by a foreign
government ton third stale. Such provisions
are nut unusual In the legislation ofothercoun
tries uud tend to prevent tho miscarrying or
lustlcc. It Is also (leslroblo In order to re
move present uncertainties, that authority
diould be conferred on the Secretary of Stato
to Issue a certificate In case of an arrest, for
he purose or extradition, to tho otllccr be
fore whom the proceedings ore pending,
ihowiug that a requisition lor tlio surrender
.if the porsonehiirged has be.ui duly made.
Such a certificate. If required to bo
received before the prisoner's examination
would prevent a long and eienslve Judicial
Inquiry Into a charge vv hleh the foreign gov
.rnnient might not l"siro to press. 1 also re
rommend that express provision be made for
Ihe Immediate discharge lrom custody of per
ons committed for extradition whore tho
President Is or opinion that surrender should
not be made. The drift nt'sentlmcnt In civil
ized communities toward all recognition of
Ihe rights of properly In the creations or tho
human Intellect has brought about the adop
tion, bv many Important nations, of an Inter
national oopvilght convention, which was
signed ut Heme on the 18th day of September,
ISS.1. Inasmuch as thoconstltullon gives to
Congress the power "to promote tho progress
)rsclence and Useful arts, by securing for lim
ited times to authors and In
ventors tho exclusive right to
their exclusive writings and discoveries,"
this Government did not. feel warranted In
becoming u signatory pending the action of
Congress upon measures of International
:opvrlght. now beforo It, but the right of ad
hesion to the Heme convention heicafter has
been reserved. I trust the subject will ro-.-clve
at your hands the attention It deserves,
ind that the Just claims of authors, so ur
gently pressed, will be duly heeded, ltepro
cntotlons continue to be made to me ot tho
injurious effect upon American artists study
ing abroad, and having free access to the art
?ollectlons of rorelgn countries, of maintain
ing a discriminating duty against tho Intro
duction of tho works ol" their brother artists
orother countries, ami lam Induced to repeat
tnv recommendation for the abolition of that
tax.
COXSl'hAU SKUVK'K.
tdtUIng Uetter He numeration for Amc-rlfan Hep
ri'sent stiles Abroad.
Pursuant to n provision of tho diplomatic)
and consular appropriation uct, approved
July 1, lsSH, the estimates submitted by tho
Secretary of Stale for the malnlenanco of the
consular service have been recast on the basis
of salaries for all olllccis to whom such al
lowance Is deemed advisable. Advan
tage has been taken of this to
redistribute the salaries or the olllcers now
appropriated ror lu accordance with the work
performed, the Importance or tho representa
tive duties of the Incumbent, nnd the cost of
living at each post. The last consideration
has been too often lost sight of In the allow
ances heretofore made. The compensation
which may sutllco for tho decent mulnte
nane of a wortliv and capable olllcer In u po
sition of onerous and representative trust at
a post readily accessible, and whero the nee
essurleri of life are abundant and cheap, may
prove an Inadequate pittance In distant lauds
where tho belter part ofa year's pay Is con
sumed in reaching the post of duty and
where tho comforts of ordinary civilized ex
istence can only be obtained with dllllctilty
und at exorbitant cost. 1 trust that in con
sidering the submitted schedule no nils
taken theory of economy will perpetuate
a system which, In tho past, has virtually
closed to deserving talent ninny olllce
where capacity and attainments of a
high order are Indispensable and In not a few
co.ies has hiouglit discredit on our national
character und entailed embarrassment and
oven Fullering on tlioso deputed to uphold
our dlgnltv and Interests abroad. In connec
tion with that subject 1 earnestly reiterate
tho practical necessity of supplying soino
mode of trustworthy inspection and report ot
tho manner lu which tho consulates aro con
ducted. In the absence of such reliable Infor
mation cllleleucy can scurccly be rewarded or
its opposite corrected.
Increasing competition in trado has di
rected attention to the value gf the consular
reports printed by tho Department of Statu,
and the elforts or tho Government to extend
the practical usefulness of these reports have
created a wider demand for them nt homo
and n spirit of emulation abroad. Constitut
ing a record of the changes occuiing in trado
and of the progress or the arts and invention
in foreign countries, they are much sought
for by nil Interested In tho subjects which
they embrace.
111STUHT OT COI.UJIIIIA.
deeded, Pollre Ih-gulatlons, Coinetileiires and Xen
llrlducs.
Tho control of the Government of tho Dis
trict, ot Columbia having been placed In the
hand or purely exccutlvo olllcers, while tho
Congress still retains all legislative authority
pertaining to Its government, It becomes my
duty to nuiko known th.nuost pressing needs
of the District and recommend their consid
eration. The laws of the District appear to bo
lu an uncertain condition and their codlllca
tlon or revisou Is much needed. Dining the
post year ono of tho bridges leading from tho
District to tho stato of Virginia become unfit
for use, and travel upon it was forbidden.
This leads mo to suggest that tho Improve
ment of nil tho bridges crossing the Potomac
und Its branches from tho cllv of Washington
Is worthy of the attention of Congress. Tho
Commissioners of the District represent that
tho laws regulating the solo of liquor and
grunting license therelor should bo at onco
amended, uud that legislation U needed to
consolidate, dcllneaiul enlarge the scope and
power of charitable and penal Institutions
within tho District. I suggest thut tho
Commissioners bo clothed with the
power to make, within llxort lim
itations, pollco regulations. I belloyo this
power grunted iuhI carefully guarded would
lend to subserve thegisid ordcrof tho munici
pality. It seems that troublo still exists,
growing out of the occupation of tho streets
and avenues by certain railroads having their
termini In the city. It Is very Important that
juch laws should be enacted upon this suhect
as will secure to tho railroads all tho facilities
they require, for the transaction of their busi
ness, und at tho samo tliuu protect citizens
from Injury to their persons or property, 'llio
commissioners agiiln complain that tho ao
commodatloiisalfordcdt hem for the necessary
ofllces for district, business, and for the
iafo keeping or valuable book and papers,
aro entirely Inelllelent. I recommend that
this condition of iilliilrs bo remedied by tho
Congress and that suitable (iniirters bo fur
nished for the needs of tho District Govern
ment. In conclusion, I earnestly invoke such
wise action on the part of tho people s legisla
tors us will subserve the public good and
demonstrate during tho remaining days of
tho Congress, as at present organized, Us abil
ity and Inclination to so meet the lKs-mle's
needs that It shull ho grulorully remembered
by an expectuut constituency.
GllOVKItCl.KVlSI.AND.
Ilusliieks.
A Georgia newspaper llliislrntentho liver
ngo southern negro's poor business ubility
by telling oi one who nsla-d the price of
cont in ii store. The storekeeper oifered
him various garments cheap for cash, but
tho darkey would not buy, ami finally tho
merchant picked out u tout that cost him
$l.C5nntl offeu-d it to tlio nejjro for $10,
niiieolng to take $2 in cash uud trust linn
for the balance. The customer Jumped at
I ho oiler, and without even trying on tlio
coat, pnhl the $2 nnd went nwny happy in
Ills ubility to owe $8. The stoivkcepur will
not worry it he due uot get thu money.
Misci;i.r..txi:ory mjcus .i.yj xotks.
The crop rcisirt of the" Ohio state board of
agriculture for December 1 -liows regarding
wheat that the area sown nas 101 per cent;
the estimated uuiul'cr of acres sown 2,741,000;
and the condition Tho condition of lire
stock, except host. Is gencnillr gtmd. Hog
cholera prevails hi twouty-tlnee counties.
It 1 Announced that the French ministers
have all resigned.
The proprietors of elclit hotels or restaur
ants In Hartford Tccre arrested for tislns; oleo
margarine on their table without displaying
the placard required by tlio law ot Connecti
cut. Over one thousand non-union men arc at
work Ii the mills at Amsterdam, New Yorfc,
where tlio Knights ot l.alor were recently
locked out.
Cnrdo.o it Co , dry g(oils dealers of Itlcli
niond, Virginia, with ilK),(HKl of paper nlloat,
arc negotiating with New York creditors for a
compromise at .10 per cent.
A lire in Knlghlrlder street, London, uV
troycd four warehouses and greatly damaged
the ancient Church of St. Mary Magdalen.
The loss Is retorted at $.V)0,000.
Mrs. John PnvK of Washington, daughter
of the lute Secretary Krcllngliuyscn, lias been
paralyzed lo a degree that renders her unable
to walk. The stroke resulted from being
thrown out of a carriage nt l.cuoz.
Theodore 1). Mlze, cashier ot the Chicago
and Mluonk Coal company lius surrendered all
his property to imply on an embezzlement be
licvt d to 'be J.",HX, and will retain Ills
position.
Nobel Hrothcrs, the chief petroleum produc
ers In llussla, are stild to he arranging with
the Staudaid Oil company for a loan.
The offering of boquets to actresses was car
ried to such an absurd degree In Vienna that
the practice lias been prohibited by the direc
tor of the Imperial theaters.
Large parties of Chinese continue to cross
from llrltish Columbia into Washington tetrl
tory, earning packages believed to contain
opium and other dutiable articles.
Mining excitement In the vicinity of tlio
Hot Springs of Arkansas has caused the loca
tion of claims on every available tract near
Hear mountain.
Customs olllcers in Pan Francisco found In
tlio coal bunkers of the steamer llio Janeiro
opium valued at $'.),000.
The books of the Interim! revenue oITlco at
Atlanta show a recent Increase of eighteen in
the registered distilleries of Georgia. They
are nllowcd to sell to the public lu ten-gallon
packages. In only three conn tie is the
uiaiiuiiicture of liquors prohibited.
Till! .UII.H'.trKKK AXAliriUSTS.
Mllwnukco dispatch : There was n sensa
tional seem) in Judge Sloan's court this
veiling nt tlio close of tlio trial oi I'niil
(irottkun nnd Albert MocHsinger, who uro
charged with inciting llio labor rioln ut tlio
Milwaukee garden lust Mny. Tlio entiro
day hod been consumed lu argument, Judge
Sionn liml concluded tlio delivery of his
charge, tlio jury were just filing out, mid tlio
crowd Hint hail jammed the court room
was on tho point of departure, when their
exit wiih arrested by o rapping to order by
tho deputy sheriffs. Flourishing u
ropy ot tiroltkiin's paper, llio Arbcitcr
.online, District. Attorney MliuniH ad
vanced to t lie judge's desk, anil in n loud
voice soul: "Your honor, I ilesiro to cull
your attention to a gross scandal nnd a
villainous libel anil contempt, in connection
with UiIh cose," nnd ho pointed to Huvernl
miiiked nrticlcH in tho paper. One was iv
poem taking .1 uitgo Sloan for a topic, und
containing (lib most scurrilous utilise ot
1 1 1 1 1 ) . 'I lie prose ortliicH wore of u similar
tenor, nnd denounced I ho jury ns bought up
uud tlio witnesses loiiliOHtulo un pel jurors.
'1 lie ocli m of the district attorney fronted
a great sensation. Grottknii turned polo
mill hurriedly nought his lawyer. Judge
Sloan Hiiid he hail heard ot tlio publications
mid also that tlio witness ror tin- state hod
been greatly intimidated. lie declared Unit
u tlioioiigli investigation would ho mode,
nnd appointed Monday oh llio day on
which Gi ottkau would lie given nu oppor
tunity to explain.
ovn yon max co.n.vmiai:.
Mr. Switzler, chief ot tlio bureau ot
statistics, in liis annual report soys:
"Tlio foreign commerce ot tlio last llscnl
year, when compared with Unit of tlio
fiscal yeara 1.S81-85, disclos few marked
changes. The following uro tlio most im
portant: There has been iv ileclino of f 02,.
tUi l,'.)2.r) in tlio value of exports of nier
ciiondise. Notwithstanding this decline in
tlio vnliio of exports and tlio increnso in
vnluo ot imports, our exports ot mer
chandise hiivo exceeded tlio volno ot tho
imports, tlio former being ?07'.).22 1,8110,
itnd Uie hitler SO:!"), !!!!!, 1 Silt, thus showing
an excess of exports over imports of 1-1,-OHS.ti'JI,"
"TlicrewnH.au inrrenso of $.'M,t7-l,2iPJ
in Urn exports of gold mid a deiilno ot $',
S)lS, l.i7 in tlio imports thereof, tlio excess
of nil the exports over imports of gold
iniloiinting to $--,'-' OS, 8 !L us ugniiiHt mi
excess of iinpoitH over exports amounting
to ?18.21.i,S0l (luring tlio llscal year 1885.
The inward uud outward movement ot
silver was about, llio name us during tho
preceding fiscal year, the excess of exports
being $i 1,000, ill U, against an excess of
exports ot S17,20:i,000 (luring the preced
ing llscnl year. Tho small decline during
the hist fiscal year is a hopeful indication
that tlio trade depression of the post four
years lias readied its lowest point, uud
thut wo nro on llio verge of a period of in
creased commercial activity mid national
prosperity. This is further indicated by
the trade returns of the first three months
of tho current fiscal year, which exhibit
gratify ing results. The value of our foreign
commerce vvns largur during tlio first quar
ter of tho current fiscal year than (luring
tlio corresponding qumierof the fiscal year
188 l.an(IS:iy,(i2f;,07rgrealor than durlny
tho first quarter ot tlio llsca' year 1885."
ax AFiuc.ix jcixa icir.i.icn.
AYasiiinotom, 1). C, Dec. 3. The depart
mentor state Ims received a dbpatch from
the United States consul at (loreedaks In
Senegal, Africa, uiiiioiiiiclng tho death lu bat
tle of King Sumalombcfel of Cuyar. The
consul fay that tho king appeared at Tivo
mane In Cayar with a number or followers
under arms for tho purpose of collecting
tribute to which he believed himself entitled.
The demand was met with refusal by the in
habitants of the place, wherouion some of
the followers began lo pillage the town. Tho
merchants and traders telegraphed for aid to
the government of St. LouUlowii, under
French protect on. The government sent a
captain and twenty-five soldier to the scene
of the trouble with instruction! to quiet mat
ters. Arriving at Tivovms.no tlio troops found tlio
merchant and traders bfleagured. A wordv
altercation followed betwetu tlio troopi and
the king' follower which ended by the latter
tiring several shots, killing a soldier. A charge
was ordered. After n brief hut Iltrco engage
ment the natives fled, leaving tvrcuty deud on
tue num.
Tlio natives soon reformed, however, ami
made another stand under the lead ot the king,
but the latter, uftcr u sword combat with u
French lieutenant lasting twelve minutes, was
run through the Ixxli und killed, wht-rcuiou
the followers gave up the battle und escaped
into the Interior.
The Kansas City Ilate-llaU club offers the
American association f.1,000 for a franchise,
and agrees to pay the railroad faro or all out
side clubs from or to Bl Loul.
Tin: rvm.ic vrnr statkmest.
N'asiiixotoXi Dec. 1. The following Is
recapitulation ot the debt statement issued
today:
Interest bearing debt
lloiids at 4s per cent $ aVl.OOO.OOO
Honds at 4 per cent 7;!7,77.,0OO
bonds at II ;er cent 71,154,230
llcfiiiiding certificates nt 4 per
cent....' lt)l,7'0
Nuvv pension fund at II jer cent. 14,000,000
l'acflic railroad loads at (5 per
cent 0Ura,513
Principal $ l,i:i7,74'J,noa
Intcrc-t ll,4'.':i,oa
Total $ 1,1411,142,401
Debt on which Interest lias
censed .since maturity
1'rlticipnl $ 9,2St).r3
Interest... 213.41)7
Total ? t),507,S(U
Old demand and legal tender
notes $ .nn.r.vs.rai
Certillcates of deposit 7,025,0 )
Cold ccrtltleatcs K),r.1,ts'
Silver certillcates 103,510,817
Fractional currency. les $S !!75,
IWl, cstlmatcd'n lost or de
stroyed 0,03.1,702
Principal $ KtV.757,543
Total debt
l'rlnelpiil $ 1,71X1,700.270
Interest , 11,711,5117
Total $ 1,715,507,S0S
Less cash items available for re
duction ot the debt 224,071,553
Less reserve held fer redemption
of United States notes 1C0.C0A0OO
Total debt, .'es available
cash Items 1.S01 4.10,234:
Xct casli In the treasury 40,0'.):i,55(i
Debt, less cash In- the treasury,
December 1, 1SS0 $ 1,331,312,C08
Debt, less cash In the treasury,
November 1, 1SS0 .". l,a3l,H7,017
Decrease of depb during the
month 3,003,219
Available for tho reduction of
the debt
Gold held for gold certillcates
actually oulstamlliiL' $ 00,5.0,Cro
Sliver hcld'for sliver certificates
nctuallv outstanding 105,510,317
United Stales notes held for cer
tillcates of deposit actually
outstanding 7,023,00.)
Cash held for muturcil debt uud
Interest unpaid 21,001.003
Fructionul currency 4,201
Total available for reduc
tion of thBilebt $ 2.4,071,533
Reserve fund
Held for redemption of United
States notes (acts January
14. 1S75 and July 12, 1SS2.). 100,000,030
Unavailable for redemption ot
tlie debt
Fractional sliver colli 23,808,007
Minor coin 16.1,584
Total i 23,071,C3L
Certillcates held us cash 4S,8btyj79
Net cash balance on hand 40,UtKt,55a
Total cash in the treasury
us shown hy treasurer's
general account $ 409.023,740
a coal sirzxnuzii.
A Trusted KmiAoyti of l'lfltrn Tears Itob
Ills ICmitloycr.
Chicago special. Theodore S. Mlge, coa
fldclitial bookkeeper nnd cashier for Mine
T. Ames, a millionaire coul denier, ami
seciolary of tlio Chicago it Minnnk Coal
and Colo company, is said to bo a defiiulte-
totlioextontof $100,000. Theabstrnctioa
ot funds Iiiih been goingon for a dozenyenre.
Ames wiib entirely unsuspicious until a week
ngo, when lie returned from Kuropo and
noticed that something was wrong. An in
vestigation ot ids bookkeeper's accounts
convinced liliu UiiitlargcHuuiM tero missing.
No charged Migo with misappropriation,
mid toned tlio truth lrom him. Migo pleaded
for mercy and promised to make restitu
tion as tar as possiblo. Examination ot
tlio books is now In progress. Migo's pro
perty, including a liouso on Kills avenue,
Iiiih all lieon turned over to Minor, lint is
far from being equal to tlio defalcation.
Most of tho money taken had been spout
in extravagant living and on wine, womon
and raids. Migo wiih oiki o! tlio most
popular young business man of tho city,
mid was thought lo bo tlio soul of liquor.
Ho Is barely years old, and Iiiih a salnry
ot $5,000 a year. Miner had mtch con
lldcnce lu liim Unit lie was allowed entiro
control ot tho tiiuds, signed checks nnd
ninilo denosits hi the hunks. Ho had hoea
in Miner h employ for fifteen years. He is
a son of IOd ward Mige, tho well-known rail
road num. Up to tlio present time lie haa
not been arrested.
sArrxa afiiica.
Tho Now York Methodist clergymen held
ilicir regular monthly meeting on tlio Cth
in the hull of the Mothoilistl Hook Concern.
At tlio conclusion of the-rohtino business,
Henry M. Stanley, tin African explorer
nuido mi address on missionary effort in
equatorial Africa. Ho expressed tlio1ellel
that missionary work bad Iven successful
nil beneficial in AMcn, and could bo mudo
more so by improved 1110111011)4 ot dealing
with tlio natives. Ho gnvo nt length Ida
viuWB on this subject, ns formed from ft
long and varied experience. In conclusion
lie described many of the causes why some
misslonuries fail to succeed. Among them
was the failure to keep to their business
agreement with tho natives, who wero al
ways ready to resent such failures.
John O'Duy's Nerve.
Col. John O'Dav, of Missouri, whose pres
ence lu Now York Is noted lu the papers, haa
had an eventful history. In the west of to
day, with its energy devoted almost entirely to
tlio development of Its varied resources, Air.
O'Day'a jmhIIIoii Is fully assured, buHthcre was
a time when he stood upon moro dnugeroua
groiiud. A native ot New York state, he went
lo .Missouri just niter tue war, in nine to maso
the first democratic speech heard hi that state
after the surrender of Lee. It Is a singular
commentary utsm the changes which a gener
ation often witnesses that in that bulwark ot
deuuK rucy for It is so to-day Mr. O'Day'a
I ccch hud to bo mudo lth twO big revolvers
irojectnig ominously from his belt, vt oru una
iceu sent him that lie would l shot if he
BtKilic. but his determined manner carried hhu
safely through. When the notorious Hoffman
brothers, mo greatest ucsperauoes ot iui
time, were arraigned for one or tho murders
laid nt their door. Mr. O'Dav was tho wily
lawyer In the state who cared to attempt their
proamnion, because ot mo jiorucs oi juwicw
sympathizers who rallied to their support.
Tin cut after threat that ho would never live to
K'ul; Hgulust them was made. AVheu the trial
vi us culled he was on hand, however, and In
spite of u packed court-house, went through
bis preliminary work. As bo rose to begin hta
speech the judge turned tmlo aud the Jury
looked for a convenient wludow through which.
to leap when the threatened iracas uegau,
O'Duy backed hlmsflf up against tho wall so
thut fio could not bo attacked from behind,
and with a pUtol In each hand spoke for four
hours. To tho Biiriirlje of everyone the pris
oner were sentenced to tcu years lu the peni
tentiary, tuclr syiupaiuucrs ucmg aweu into
ubject suLinlsslon by the pluck ot 'the carpet
bag lawyer." tSlucc then Mr, O'Day has b
co'jie one or the recoculrtl leader oT tb Mk
sourl democracy, vice president f tlt St,
Unit aud &iu Fraucloco mllrotw,, and oee C
tho richest meu lu the kQUtuvmt, .'Atftxfci-
j'ifu Tlmtu