Corvallis gazette., March 05, 1907, Image 4

MaMHB
incolnVLove
Affairs
By
Ward Hill Lamon
Lincoln's Friend and Bodyguard
' T tiearil 'SIr.'X.lnco'in during tlie same
canvass," continues Gourly. "It was
at the courthouse, where the state
house now stands. The Whigs and
Democrats had a general quarrel then
and there. N. W. Edwards drew a
pistol on Achilles Morris." But Gour
ly's account of this last scene is unsat
isfactory, although the witness Is will
ing, and we turn to Lincoln's colleague,
Mr. Wilson, for a better one: "The Sat
urday evening preceding the election
the candidates were addressing the
NINIAN W. EDWARDS.
people in the courthouse at Springfield.
Dr. Early, one of the candidates on the
Democratic side, made some charge
that N. W. Edwards, one of the candi
dates on the Whig side, deemed un
true. Edwards climbed on a table, so
as to be seen by Early and by every
one in the house, and at the top of his
'voice told Early that the charge was
false. The excitement that followed
was intense so much so that fighting
men thought that a duel must settle
the difficulty. Mr. Lincoln by the pro
gramme followed Early. He took up
the subject in dispute and handled it
fairly and with such ability that every
one was astonished and pleased. So
that difficulty ended there. Then for
the first time, developed by the excite
ment of the occasion, he spoke in that
tenor intonation of voice that ultimate
ly settled down into that clear, shrill
monotone style of speaking that ena
bled his audience, however large, to
hoar distinctly the lowest sound of his
Tolce."
It was during this campaign, possi
bly at the same meeting,, that Mr.
Speed heard him reply to George For
ner. Forquer had been a leading
Whig, one of their foremost men In the
P
legislature of 1SS4, but had then re-
I gently changed sides and thereupon
' was appointed register of the land of-
flee at Springfield. Mr. Forquer was
an astonishing man. He not only as
tonished the people by "changing his
coat in politics," but by building the
best frame house in Springfield and
erecting over it the only lightning rod
! the entire region could boast of. At
j this meeting he listened attentively to
! Mr. Lincoln's first speech and was
I much annoyed by the transcendent
! power with which the awkward young
man defended the principles he had
himself so lately abandoned. "The
i speech" produced a profound Impres
! slon, "especially upon a large number
i of Lincoln's friends and admirers, who
had come in from the country" ex
' pressly to hear and applaud him.
b Mis Lightning tod Kepartee.
1 1 I . T-lT-
' At the conclusion of Lincoln s
speech" (we quote from Mr. Speed)
"the crowd was dispersing when For
quer rose and asked to be heard. Ho
commenced by saying that the young
man would have to be taken down and
was sorry that the task devolved upon
him. He then proceeded to answer
Lincoln's speech In a style which, while
it was able and fair, yet In his whole
manner asserted and claimed superior
ity. Lincoln stood near him and
watched him during the whole of his
speech. When Forquer concluded, he
took the stand again. I have often
heard him since in court and before
the people, but never saw him appear
so well as upon that occasion. He re
plied to Mr. Forquer with great digni
ty and force, but I shall never forget
the conclusion of that speech. Turning
to Mr. Forquer, he said that he had
commenced his speech by announcing
that 'this young man would have to be
taken down.' Turning then to the
crowd, he said: 'It is for you, not for
me, to say whether I am up or down.
The gentleman has alluded to my be
ing a young man. I am older in years
than I am in the tricks and trades of
politicians. I desffee to live, and I de
sire place and distinction as a politi
cian, but I would rather die now than,
like the gentleman, live to see the day
that I would have to erect a lightning
rod to protect a guilty conscience from
an offended God.' "
He afterward told Speed that the
sight of that same-rod "had led him to
the study of the properties of electric
ity and the utility of the rod ag a con
ductor." CHAPTER VII.
"And His Early
Experiences a.s
a. La.wnia.ker
Dick Taylor's Aristocracy and Abe's
Enforced Democracy.
MONG the Democratic orators
stumping the - county at this
time, was Dick Taylor, a pomp
ous gentleman who went abroad
in superb attire, ruffled shirts, rich
vest and immense watch chains, with
shining and splendid pendants. But
Dick was a severe Democrat in theory,
made much of "the hard handed yeo
manry" and flung many biting sar
casms upon the aristocratic pretensions
of the Whigs, the "rag barons" and
the manufacturing "lords." He was
one day in the midst of a particularly
aggravating declamation of this sort
"when Abe began to feel devilish and
thought he would take the wind out of
Dick's sails by a little sport." He
therefore "edged" slyly up to fhe
speaker and. suddenly catching his
vest by the lower corner and giving It
a sharp pull upward, it opened wide,
and out fell upon the platform In full
view of the astonished audience a mass
of ruffled shirt, gold watch, chains,
seals and glittering jewels. Jim Ma
theny was there and nearly broke his
MJT FELL A MASS OF RUFFLED SHIRT,
GOLD WATCH, CHAINS, SEALS AND GLIT
TERING JEWELS.
heart with mirth. "The crowd couldn't
stand It, but shouted uproariously." It
must have been then that Abe deliv
ered the following speech, although
Ninian W. Edwards places it in 1840:
"While he Colonel Taylor was
making these charges against the
Whigs over the country, riding In fine
carriages, wearing ruffled shirts, kid
gloves, massive gold watch chains,
with large gold seals, and flourishing a
heavy gold headed cane, he Lincoln
was a poor boy, hired on a flatboat at
$S a month and had only one pair of
breeches to his back, and they were
buckskin, 'and,' said Lincoln, 'if you
know the nature of buckskin when wet
and dried by the sum they will shrink,
and mine kept shrinking until they left
several inches of my legs bare between
the tops of my socks and the lower
part of my breeches, and whilst I was
growing taller they were becoming
shorter and so much tighter that they
left a blue streak around my legs that
can be seen to this day. If you call
this aristocracy, I plead guilty to the
charge.' "
Abe Lincoln Leads His Ticket.
Hitherto Sangamon county had been
uniformly Democratic, but at this elec
tion the Whigs carried it by an aver
age majority of about 400, Mr. Lincoln
receiving a larger vote than any other
candidate. The result was in part due
to a transitory and abortive attempt
of the anti-Jackson and anti-Van Bureu
men to build up a third party, with
Judge White of Tennessee as its lead
er. This party was not supposed to be
wedded to the "specie circular," was
thought to be open to conviction on the
bank question, clamored loudly about
the business interests and general dis
tress of the country and was actually
In favor of the distribution of the pro-
A
ceeds of the sales of the public lands.
In the nomenclature of Illinois, its
members might have been called "nom
inal Jackson men" that is to say, men
who continued to act with the Demo
cratic party while disavowing Its
cardinal principles traders, trimmers,
cautious schismatics who argued the
cause of Democracy from a brief fur
nished by the 'enemy. The diversion
In favor of White was just to the hand
of the Whigs, and they aided it in ev-,
ery practicable way. 'Always for an
expedient when 'an expedient, would
answer, a compromise when a compro
mise would do. the "hand" Mr. Lin-,
coin "showed" at the opening of the
campaign contained the "White" card
among the highest of its trumps. "If
alive on the first Monday in November.
I shall vote for Hugh L. White for
president." A number of local Demo
cratic politicians assisting him to. play
it, it won the game in 1S30. and Sanga
mon county went over to the Whigs.
At this election Mr. Douglas was
made a representative from Morgan
county. along with Colonel Hardin."
from whom he had the year before
taken the state's attorneyship.. The
event is notable principally because
Mr. Douglas was nominated by a con
vention and not by the old system of
self announcement, which, under the
influence of eastern immigrants.,, lite
himself, full of party zeal and attached
to the customs of the- places whence
they came, was gradually but surely
falling into disfavor. Mr. Douglas
served only one session and then be
came register of the land office at
Springfield. The next year he was
nominated for congress in the Peoria
district under the convention system,
and in the same year Colonel Stephen
son was nominated for governor in the
same way. The Whigs were soon com
pelled to adopt the device which they
saw marshaling the Democrats in a
state of complete discipline while they
themselves were disorganized by a host
of volunteer candidates and the opera
tions of innumerable cliques and fac
tions. At first "it was considered
a Yankee contrivance," intended to
abridge the liberties of the people, but
the Whig "people" were as fond of
victory, offices and power as their 'en
emies were, and In due time they took
very kindly to this effectual means of
gaining them. A speech of Ebenezer
Peck of Chicago "before a great meet
ing of the lobby during the special ses
sion of 1S35-30 at Vandalia." being a
production of special ingenuity and
power, is supposed to have contributed
largely to the introduction of the con
vention system into the middle and
southern parts of the state. Mr. Peck
was then a fervent Democrat, whom
the Whigs delighted to malign as a Ca
nadian monarchist, but in after times
he was the fast and able friend of
their great leader. Abraham Lincoln.
It was when the counters of western
land offices were piled high with illu
sory bank notes in exchange for pub
lic lands and when it was believed that
the west was now at last about to
bound forward in a career of unexam
pled prosperity under the forcing proc
ess of public improvements by the
states, with the aid and countenance
pf the federal government, that Mr.
Lincoln went up to attend the first ses
sion of the new legislature at Van
dalia. He was big with projects. His
real public service was just now about
to begin. In the previous legislature
he had been silent, observant, studious.
He had improved the opportunity so
well that of all men in this new body
of equal age In the service he was the
smartest parliamentarian and the cun
nlngest "log roller." He was fully de
termined to identify himself conspicu
ously with the "liberal" legislation In
contemplation and dreamed of a fame
very different from that which he ac
tually obtained as an antislavery lead
er. It was about this time that he told
his friend Mr. Speed that he aimed at
the great distinction of being called
"the Do Witt Clinton of Illinois."
Meetings with a view to this sort of
legislation had been held in all or near
ly all the counties in the state during
the preceding summer and fall. Hard
money, strict construction, no monop
oly, antiprogresslve Democrats were in
a sad minority. In truth, there was
little division of parties about these
matters, which were deemed so essen
tial to the prosperity of a new state.
There was Mr. Lincoln and there was
Mr. Douglas in perfect unison as to
the grand object to be accomplished,
but mortally jealous as to which should
take the lead in accomplishing it. .
Mr. Lincoln served on the committee
on finance and was a most laborious
member, instant in season and out of
season, for the great measures of the
Whig party. It was to his individual
exertion that the Whigs were indebted
In no small degree for the complete
success of their favorite schemes at
this session.
(To ' e Continued)
Wheat Fn?VtiT hjni.
We are glad to notice that the agri
cultural press throughout the country
has taken up the cry of more wheat
and less corn for laying hens, says the
Feather. So soon as the people through
out the country learn that corn will not
produce many eggs during the winter
months and that wheat will produce a
profitable egg yield the more pleased
will they be with the results of egg
production from their hens. Too much
corn assures an empty egg basket.
Plenty of wheat bids fair for a profita
ble egg production.
Pork Scraps For Poultry.
Pork scraps are relished by poultry,
but are not generally- considered as
satisfactory as beef scrap. ;' However,
they analyze about the same, except
that the pork scrap contains -rather
more fat" Pork cracklings and beef
cracklings should have about the same
feeding value. They are not as rich
In protein as prepared scrap, but can
be used as a substitute for a scrap
with quite satisfactory results.
'fillpj
Fattening cattle need but little shel
ter and ofiea do better outside than In,
but it is different with the dairy cow.
She is using her food for something
jlse besides heat and fat and must be
protected if good results are expected.
It requires food to make heat, and the
Keeper of milk cows cannot afford to
subject his animals to extremely cold
.voathar or compel theui to drink ice
ater. The fact is so well understood
that it seems foolish to even mention,
hut if we look around we' will find it
.'iolated on every hind.
On the other hand, we can also do
:anc!i harm by "going to the extreme
;ntl confine our animals too closely.
iVhea you put your cows in the stable,
boar in mind that each animal requires
13 much air as ten persons. Then in a
stable where twenty-five cows are kept
;t should be provided with enough
fresh air for 230 people, and in a barn
housing ICO head it should be venti
lated for 1,000 people. You know what
it is to be la a hall where 1,000 people
are seated and the condition of the air
even at the end of two hours. It is
such an air that breeds tuberculosis,
and is it any wonder both man and
boast are in danger of this dreaded
disease when too closely confined?
Breed has nothing to do with tubercu
losis, but the lack of fresh air has, and
any animal Is liable to contract this
disease when this great preventive is
shut off.
- Cook's Ventilation Plan.
The illustration shows how H. E.
Cook of Lewis county, N. Y., success
fully ventilates .his large daily build
ings. Writing on this subject in the
American Cultivator, Mr. Cook says:
"The size of the flues should be reg
ulated by the number of animals and
not by the size of the room. A flue
one foot square is considered sufficient
for five or six cows. For ten cows the
flue should be 1 by 2 feet, and for
twenty cows it should be 2 by 2 feet.
It is the opinion of the writer, froth ob
servation rather than from experience,
that one flue located at any convenient
place will be as satisfactory as two or
more flues for a room holding thirty
cows or less. For larger rooms two
flues or more would be better. My
own experience has been with four
flues for sirty animals. These flues
shouid open near the floor and also
near the ceiling. In each place the
opening should equal the full size of
the flue. When the temperature out
side is low use only the lower open
ing; when high use the upper. In a
rqom constructed along these lines we
are able to maintain a constant tem-
COOK 8 PLAN OF BARN VENTILATION.
peraturc of from 54 to GO degrees
without regard to the outside weather
conditions. This stable is located in
the coldest section of New York state.
Tie Intake.
"Provision must be made for a con
stant inflow of cold air. No specific
rule, can be given for the number of
these small flues. The points which
must be kept in mind are to have the
inflow from all four sides of the room
and through openings not over four
inches in diameter, so small that the
cold air will become mixed with the
warm air before reaching the animals
and also to keep up a constant circu
lation in fhe room. The animals near
est to large openings might be chilled.
These flues always work, because cold
air entering the stable through them is
soon warmed by contact with inside
warm air and the animals and hence
rises rapidly. Air will never pass out
through these intake flues.
"A stable cannot be sanitary unless it
has been provided with a good system
of ventilation. The one outlined here
has been very satisfactory. The health
of the cows and the purity of fhe prod
uct demand that the matter of ventila
tion be given careful attention."
Possibilities In Canned Cheese.
Cheese may be canned as green curd
and ripened nicely In the can. At the
Oregon experiment station two and a
half, five and twenty-three pound
cheeses have been thus made. These
are without rind or mold, lose no
weight In curing, after ripening keep
for months and stand shipment far
across the Atlantic and back, to China
and back, and open up on. return in
perfect condition. The. cans are thor
oughly paraffined within, ; the Cheddar
cuM after milling and salting: is either
filled and pounded in and then' put in
press, being sealed the next morning,'
or else the curd, pressed in the usual
manner, was the next day slipped into
big pans; made, to fit and- sealed up.
Cheese thus canned needs no further
attention save that of a low and fairly
constant temperature at about 60 de
grees. A high temperature or a varia
ble one. particularly when the cheese t
young, ruins it.
1 1
EGGS IN WINTER.
Hour Biddy -Way Be Hade- to )iell
Out" Dnricg the Cold Weather.
In. order to obtain the best result
from hens in winter it- is necessary to
give them regular feed and care, says
Thomas Thornley in American Poultry
Journal, and he then proceeds as toi
lows: We always have plenty of eggs to
sell in winter.
Our hens are kept in good, comfort
able quarters with never- over thiny
hens in one flock. .
Our house is seventy feet long by
fourteea feet wide, divided into seven
apartments, giving 1-10 feet floor space
for each thirty hens, nearly five square
feet to each hen. This gives ample
room for the Mediterranean -class
which we breed.
The ground lloor is yellow clay, on
which is kept one foot of straw.
The first thing" in the morning our
hens are givea a feed of whole grain,
consisting of one part com, one part
wheat and one part clipped oats.
About two quarts of this, thrown iu
the litter, to each thirty hens will, give
them good exercise, which all laying
hens should have when coming from
the roost to keep them healthy and in
good laying condition. This feed will
keep the business hen busy most of
the forenoon.
At noon we feed a warm mash of
coarse bran, one-half bushel, loose
measure, into which are mixed one-half
peck of small potatoes, cooked soft, ta
ble scraps and two pounds of ground
bone, using some good poultry food ev
ery other day.
This mash is fed in troughs, which
are hung up out of the way as soon as
emptied, which never requires over five
minutes.
At night they are fed one-half the
same feed as in the morning, this be
ing warmed on cold days. We often
parch the corn black, and this takes
the place of charcoal to a certain ex
tent. Fresh, not cold, water and plenty of
grit are kept before the hens all the
time. Our grit boxes are made on the
self feeding hopper plan, so there is
no waste.
After the coarse grit has been picked
out we screen what remains for small
chicks in the spring.
For animal food we give plenty of
skim milk and pork cracklings,' which
we find just as good as green bane and
much cheaper. We buy the cracklings
from the butcher at 1 cent per pound,
pounding them' up and feeding in the
mash or 'separate:
We And mangel wurzels, hung on
spikes two feet from the ground, the
best green food obtainable. Cabbage
or potatoes fed in the same manner
make an acceptable change.
Movable Brood and Colony House.
The illustration shows one of the
movable brood and colony houses used
on the famous Go Well Poultry farm
conducted by Professor Gowel". in con
nection with, or at any rate in close
harmony with, the Maine agricultural
experiment station and the United
States experimental farm. The shoes
MOVABLE BROODER.
beneath the house enable the caretak
er to move it to new ground with lit
tle trouble, and the economy and wis
dom of covering the sides with tarred
felt ore obvious, as it makes the house
cool in summer and warm in winter.
The arrangement of windows, too, is
admirable. This house is designed to
contain two brooders and after the
hatching season may be converted into
a colony coop in which to carry pullets
to full maturity.
Green Pood For Winter.
' In order to keep fowls healthy during
the winter months, also to promote egg
production, green food mnst be provid
ed. Small potatoes, turnips, inferior
cabbages in fact, vegetables of any
and all kinds not quite good enough for
table use will prove excellent food for
the fowls in winter. Clover, if it can
be obtained, is an ideal green food for
winter. In order to do their best fowls
must have a variety as well as an
abundance of food.
Where Geese Thrive.
Geese are most valuable in ridding
the ground of grass. This is undoubt
edly true, for they are great grazers
and will gain their own living almost
entirely off herbage if it is in strong,
rich growth and in quantities sufficient
to satisfy them. Geese will do remark
ably well on a spot of rough wooded
ground that has a pond thereon. In
such a locality they will thrive from
early spring until winter approaches.
Calling; Ont Old Bens.
Two years is the orthodox age when
hens should be culled out and sold or
killed where they are kept chiefly for
egg production, and this should be done
as soon as they slacken laying and be
fore the molt comes on; otherwise they
wrill lose weight and become unsalable
except at a reduced figure.
Ho Banger of Overproduction.
There is no danger whatever of hav
ing an overproduction of good, whole
some food products in this land. We
are buyers and not sellers of eggs to
foreign countries. So long as we mnst
buy abroad to satisfy borne consump
tion It is folly ta even consider over
nroductlon here.
SQfBJtH
IN THE HOG LOTS.
err Desirable Watering Device
Trough For Mill Feed. . .
The "device used for watering the
nogs Is exceptionally well adapted ta
the purpose in the absence of a, -natural
i water supply in fact, it is perhaps
more desirable than ponds or even run
j hing streaniB nn the score of cleanll
i ness and decreased liability -to infee--1
tious diseases. A tiled large enough to
hold an ordinary ban el Is covered with
a heavy water tight floor and boarded
up water tight four inches around the
edges. The barrel is provided with a
MOVABLE TANK.
large bung, or wooden stopper, in the
upper head in order that it may readi
ly be filled with water. A half inch hoi a
is bored in the side of the barrel about
three Inches from the bottom i. e., the
opening is three inches from the floor,
on which the barrel stands. The lower
hole being stopped, the barrel Is filled
with water. The large bung is then in
serted airtight. The sled is now drawn
to the field near the shelter houses, and
the small stopper is removed. The
water runs out, filling the shallow box
forming the top of the sled to the level
of the small opening in the barrel. The
hogs may drink at any corner of tho
box. As the water is consumed more
runs out. Two such barrels are placed
in each , inelosure and filled once or
twice a day or as often as they become
empty.
New barrels are frequently not air
tight. To remedy this defect when the
openings which admit the air are not
plainly visible the barrels are given a
good coat of paint. This usually stops
all small crevices. If a single coat of
paint does not accomplish the desired
result another is added and so on till
the barrel holds water and excludes
air. - In this connection is shown tho
cross section of a feed trough used on
a western farm, which is also describ
ed by W. J. Spillnian of the depart
ment of agriculture. This hog trough
is designed for winter feeding. In win
ter a good deal of mill stuff is fed.
Troughs enough are provided so that
for 100 pound pigs each pig has eight
een inches standing room at the side of
the trough. As the pigs increase in
weight this allowance of space in
creases to twenty-four inches for 200
CROSS SECTION OP HOG TROUGH.
A, A are guy wires, which hold the 2 by
12 Inch board (E) in place. There are
three of these wires on a sixteen foot
trough. The crosspiece (C) is made from
2 by 4 inch stuff as a support for B.
There are five of these to each trough.
The bottom of the feed box (D) is mads
from 2 by 12 inch material, and the sides
(E, B) from 2 by 8 inch planks.
pound hogs. The center board (B) pre
vents the hogs from getting their feet
into the troughs, but does not interfere
with their eating. It also prevents
fighting across the trough.
The Milking Stool.
The milking stool notices that the
men who raise beef are not concerned
about dairy breeds. They never talk
about a dual beef cow, but thousands
of dairymen insist that they want a
double decked cow to fall back upon
and "fall" in with a cow that possibly
pays her board, but that not very of
ten, and sells for cheap beef at last.
Why do not the beef men clamor for
a cow that they can sell for a dairy
cow if she fails as a beefer?
At the auction sale it is the fat,
blocky cow that sells best because sev
en men say that she is an easy keeper.
Ignoring the fact that easy keeping and
milk giving do not go well together.
She is fat because she gives little milk,
A cow that lays on flesh easily is a
miser, living for herself. The well fed,
thin cow Is a giver and, like a true
"mother," is generous In her food gifts.
National Stockman and Farmer.
Young Trees For Forest Planting,
In general It may be said that young
trees cannot be grown ' successfully
without rather careful attention. Yet It
Is certain that seedlings can be grown
In connection ' with the; vegetable Igar
den at only a slight expense of time
and material and by methods .very sim
ilar to well known garden practice: The
cheapness of the young trees thus pro
duced should enable the small land
owner to plant much more extensively
and to realize a profit by the protection
afforded his buildings or crops or by
the utilization of waste land for the
production of wood material.
tARM