CORVA
jy jl jl
SEMI-WEEKLY.
UNION Katab. July. 197.
GAZETTE Katab. Oec, 1862.
Consolidated Feb., 1899.
CORVALLIS, BENTON COUNTY, OEEGON, TUESDAY, APRIL 30, 1901.
VOL. II. NO. 1.
THE RETURN.
While wandering down a shady lane
One summer day, not long ago,
I, listening, caught the sweet refrain
Of happy voices, soft and low.
Fond memory brought back childhood's
day,
When I had tripped along this nook,
And passed into the old church, gray,
Behind which sings the silver brook.
Oh, many years have come and fled
Since last I walked beneath these trees;
The friends of youth are scattered
dead
I hear their requiem in the breeze.
Not one in all my native place
Is left, who can remember me:
I look into each passing face,
But all are strange; no friend I see.
The babbling brook is just the same,
The stepping-stones across it, too;
And here's the tree; but, ah! the name,
O'ergrown with bark, is lost to view.
Mine and' another's, deeply traced,
The letters clear and intertwined.
Time's finger has long since erased.
But left the scar for me to find.
Perhaps upon this Sabbath blest
I may, beneath the old church tower.
Find happiness and peace and rest
To strengthen me in sorrow's hour.
I enter through the open door,
And with the worshipers I sit,
The broad, low windows reach the floor,
And through them song birds swiftly
flit.
From near the roof there comes a song,
A solo from a feathered throat,
And then a chorus 'mid the throng,
With not a harsh, discordant note.
The humble worshiper looks up - . i
In wonder at the music rare,
The birds wi!i peace have filled my cnp.
And sweetly bade me welcome there.
Q HE woodpile was a mountain for
jl height. It towered above the mills
which It fed; and the men who
carried the wood to the furnaces tun
neled in the mountains like ants.
That Is to say, the Town of Lead
lived on the mills the mills ran by rea
son of the existence of the woodpile.
.For years the logs had poured down
from the nearer and the farther hills
to sustain it. For years the furnaces
had flamed and the great crushing and
reducing works had. turned out their
. THE WOODPILE IS AFIRE," SHOUTED
JANS.
bricks of precious metal-$35,000 and
$45,000 to each massive brick.
The people, reckless, wasteful, devil
. may-care, had a veneration for this one
. thing for the mountain of wood, the
. visible foundation of their prosperity.
... Had it come to an end their never-end
ing dancing and merry-making must
have ended, too. The buying and the
-flaunting of cheap finery would have
- ceased, lhe plentiful tables would
' ' have become bare. The easily obtained
drink and the pleasures of the gaming
: "' table would have been lost . To the
U more sober it meant the home comforts
and privileges for the children. To the
intelligent overseers, the scientists,
the owners, it represented the base of
.operations. To Nell Onderdock, the
. daughter of one of the overseers, It
.- represented a poetical idea.
She was a thoughtful girl, and she
saw- the rude picturesqueness of all
'-. about her, and most all felt the power
- Vid" value of the woodpile. She had
(Ven spoken about this to Jans Jensen,
the serious-vlsaged Swede who paid
- . lover's court, to her, and he, a student
- and adventurer, full of the weird lniag
t . Ination of bis race, saw it as she did,
with eyes of philosophic appreciation.
'. j He appeared to see all things much
as she did, but that fact which he ap
.'precjated to the full, had never won
from her any response to his devotion.
She was an American, with a prejudice
i in favor of- American lovers; and while
' among all her acquaintances there was
no one so obviously ambitious and as
; "piring as Jan, yet she felt annoyed at
the accent that made his speech alien,
V and at the strong racial characteristics
.' that marked him of the land of Swe-,-den..
As for him, he adored her with
v. . the concentrated and consecrated devo
;tiorf of a homesick and lonely man,
: - isolated by reason of his dreams, his
bqokishness, and his refinement from
many of those about him. . All would
;;j'have been well with him, he often said
to himself, if only Nell would have
loved him.
One day, while walking alone and
' thinking of his grief in love, he saw a
plume of smoke hovering above the
mountain of wood. It was a sight he
I O
had never seen before. He hesitated,
wondering, if it were not a drifting
cloud. But the plume flaunted Itself
against the sky, mounted and swept
along like the wing of a fateful bird.
The woodpile is afire," shouted Jans
to the solitude, and ran for the town.
There was a hand Are engine at Lead,
and the fire company had an enthusi
asm for their task, but though they
worked all night and all day they made
no impression on the fire that had eaten
into the core of the wood mountain.
Nell Onderdock, watching the men
in the faint twilight of morning, saw
them swarming over the top of the
woodpile and crawling in its tunnnels.
They burrowed in it like ants ants for
size, in comparison to that pile! They
fought with axes, with flails, with
water, with tarpaulins. They tried to
drown it to smother it, to beat it out,
and to blow it out. But their efforts
availed nothing. The mills were run
with a mluimum of men. Every one
who could be spared was out to fight
the fire. The big boys were taken from
the school; the women sat on the hills
near, their babies in their arms, watch
ing, or they carried water and food to
the wearied men. In the churches the
people prayed that the fire might be
quenched by a miracle. In the mills
the men talked of agencies dynamite,
hydraulics, pneumatics. And the com
mon men, half-suffocated, obstinate,
courageous, fought with blackened
faces, aching lungs, and blinded eyes;
while over the whole town the wrath
ful cloud of smoke hung, like an Afrit
of the desert
Jans Jensen, in charge of a crew of
men, sat on the side of the hill think
ing. Nell OnderdockTwas near him.
regarding him with coldly critical eyes
She wanted him smoke-begrimed, with
bared arms; she wished to see him
leading on his men desperately, shout
ing, hoarse and frantic. She was ex
cited, and she desired to see her possi
ble hero heroic. But he smoked a pipe,
stared at the streaming cloud above
him, and said nothing.- It was humili
ating. However, after a time, without
noticing her particularly, he went away
to the mills. He returned with an add
ed force of men, and he went to the top
of the pile. Then the men were called
out of the tunnels. Every one was put
on top.
"We are to fight the fire from . the
top," he said, "and we will do it bv
stopping the draft." "
Orders were sent to the hills to con
tinue the driving of the logs. They
swept down the great chutes In hun
dreds. They closed the air passages,
and the men directed them till every
opening of the pile was closed. The
smoke took to itself a heavier quality,
as it does when flame is quenched. The
whole town argued pro and con. Some
thought the whole mass doomed. Some
believed it was saved. On the outcome.
obviously, depended Jans Jensen's rep
utation. The smoke turned from black
to copper color; it grew dun. it grew
gray. It faded. The fire went out.
Back Into the mills swarmed the
men. The furnaces were heated to
their height: the great caldrons of
amalgam seethed and bubbled, the
mighty ingots were cast ,
- ' -; t
And Jans Jensen put on the ringer of
Nell Onderdock a little ring- made from
the gold of. Lead and set with a glitter
ing pebble of the Black Hills. Chicago
Tribune.
Honesty at a Discount.
I think I am an honest man," said
the man with a scar on his chin, "as
honest as the average, but when the
owner of a Boston news stand changed
a $10 bill for me and gave me $5 too
much the sudden temptation overcame
me. I crowded the money into my vest
pocket and hurried away."
"And when at a safe distance you
counted It over?", queried the man with
the Shakspearean forehead. " '
"Exactly." " -. ' '
"And instead of -finding $5 too much
you found yourself a dollar short?"
"Two dollars short, sir."
"And you you cussed?" .
"I did." V--'
"And hunted for . something to bite
on?" .
"Yes, sir."
."And declared it the most damnable
outrage of the twentieth century on an
innocent, honest maH?"- .
"You've hit it. And now, sir "
"Oh, no explanations are needed," in
terrupted the other, with a long-drawn
sigh. "I've been right there myself.
and as honest men you and 1 have no
chance against the world and can only
hope to receive our reward when we
die." Boston Globe.
True Hospitality.
True hospitality always has in it
something of the element of personal
consideration, and that is why its spirit
is so seldom found where entertaining
is a wholesale business enterprise and
invitations are engraved or written by
a secretary. To hear certain persons
talk of entertaining, and to see the
trouble and expense they take tq get up
eiaDorate dinners ana to have every:
thing "just so" for a guest, you would
imagine that the only reason the guest
was invited was to fill his stomach. He
must be given something out of the or
dinary""br he is not properly entertain
ed. But this Is as far as possible from
what the sensible' guest wants. Af
Robert Burdette once said, "I do not
go to my friend's house for the meal
he is to give me. I can get a very good
dinner at a hotel for fifty cents or half
a dollar. I go to my friend's to sec
him and to have an hour in his com
pany; I go for a certain quality of wel
come that comes from his personality
not from bis food." Woman's Home
Companion.
It is not the height some men attain
that makes tnem giddy it is looking
down with contempt on the crowd be
neath them.
USE OF TOBACCO IN EUROPE.
It la Three Hundred and Fifty Jau.
Since the Weed Waa Introdud
Three hundred and fifty, years ago,
according to the allegations, Jean Nicot
Introduced tobacco into Europe. It was
from his name that the word "nico
tine" was derived. The French gov
ernment has Just made an appropria
tion for the erection of a bronze statue
to Nicot. It is to be set up in front of
the main government tobacco factory
in Paris. This French claim to the in
troduction of tobacco into Europe IS
somewhat at variance with the general
supposition that Sir Walter Raleigh
first carried the fragrant weed across
the water to the old country. Raleigh
smoked his Virginia tobacco in the
presence of Queen Elizabeth in or
about the year 1585. Thirty-four years
earlier, however, Jean Nicot while
French ambassador to Portugal, pur
chased some tobacco seeds that had
been brought over from Florida and
sent some of them to France. A year
later he presented some of the plants
to Catherine De Medici, and together
they smoked the dried leaves in pipes.
It is interesting in this connection
to recall that when tobacco smoking
was first Introduced into Europe, first
by Nicot and later by Raleigh, It was
extremely unpopular. It was called
"the stinking habit" and at least two
popes, Urban VIII. and Innocent
issued decrees against it. A Sultan of
Turkey in which country smoking Is
now almost universal made it a crime
punishable by the offenders having
their pipes thrust through their noses.
In Russia the noses of the smokers
were cut off. King James I. of En
gland characterized smoking as "a cus
tom loathsome to the eye, hateful to
the nose, harmful to the brain, danger
ous to the lungs, and In the black, stink
ing fume thereof nearest resembling
the horrible Stygian smoke of the pit
that is bottomless." Savannah News.
GAVE VP MILLION TO
WED TYPEWRITER GIRL.
Clarence Ott's romance, which cul
minated in an elopement to Jefferson-
ville, Ind., has a sequel. He Is the son
of a Louisville widow of wealth. As
he was but 19 years old, his mother ob
jected to his paying court to Annie Pey
ton. She was one year his junior, pret-
ty as a picture, and for three years has
earned her own way in the world as a
stenographer, Mrs. Ott's objections
were overruled. Young Ott slipped
away from the military school at Ashe
ville, N. C, to which his mother bad
bundled him, and be married his heart's
idol. His mother refuses to forgive
him, and he is now working for $3 a
week, but happy, while his bride will
bold her position until his income is
larger.
' One of Them Didn't Get On.
, Visitor (.looking at the photograph al
bum) You have a fine-looking family
of boys, Mr. Bilkersoh. And they all
seem to have turned out remarkably
well. This is Henry, isn't it?
Mr. Bilkerson (proudly) Yes, that's
Henry. He's in the -music hall line.
Gets 60 a week for merely singing
what they call a topical song. Henry's
a good deal of a genius. ' That next one
is Christopher. He's a jockey. Made
7,000 out of it last year. The one on
the next page is Oliver. He keeps a
Stock Exchange ."bucket-shop.'! Built
a fine house out of what he made-out
of It last year and the year before. Yes,
my boys are doing pretty well. Come
out with me to the stables. 1 .
Visitor But you have another son,
haven't you?
Mr, Bilkerson (reluctantly) Ye-e-s.
His name's Gabriel. He's a professor
of Greek, or theology, or something of
that sort in a college. Gabe is a good
enough fellow in his way, but he doesn't
seem to get on. Come out to' the sta
bles, Mr. Swackhammer. I : want to
show you my new pair of grays." Lon
don Tit-Bits.
Extra Coverings.
Some birds and animals put on ex
tra foot coverings for winter use In
walking on snow and ice and boring
into It for food. Among these are the
raffed grouse, the ptarmigan and West
ernrabbit The latter Is sometimes
known as the "snoWshoe rabbit" be
cause of the long and stiff hair which
appears on its feet in cold weather.
The ptarmigan has broad, stiff feath
ers on its feet and the ruffed grouse a
sharp-pointed fringe. These drop off
in the spring of the year.
", -. Inks of the Ancients. '
The Inks of ancient days were much
like black paint, and, on account of the
,large quantity of gum used in their
manufacture, the letters stood up in re
lief on the parchments, as though em
bossed. ,
It is an art to be able to conceal the
defects of art .
HBS. CI.ARKSCB OTT.
ChitdreiiS
vnicr
What la Inaide a Watch?
If you own a watch, open It and look
at the little wheels, springs and screws,
each an indispensable part of the
whole wonderfui machine. The busy
little balance wheel alone Is the result
of hundreds of years of study and ex
periment The watch I have before me
is composed of ninety-eight pieces, and
its manufacture embraces more than
two thousand distinct and separ
ate operations. Some of ' the small
est screws are. so minute that
the unaided eye cannot distinguish
them from the steel filings or specks of
dirt Under a powerful magnifying
glass a perfect screw is revealed. , The
slit In the head is 2-1000 of an inch
wide. It takes 308,000 of these screws
to weigh a pound, and a pound is
worth $1,585. The hairspring is a strip
of the finest steel, about nine' and one-
half inches long, 1-100 part of an inch
wide and 27-10000 of an inch thick. It
is coiled up in spiral form and finely
tempered. The process of tempering
was long held a secret by the few pos
sessing it and even now is not gener
ally known. Their manufacture re
quires great skill and care. The strip
Is gauged to 20-1000 of an inch, but
no measuring instrument has yet been
devised capable of fine enough gauging
to determine beforehand by the size of
the strip what the strength of the fin
ished steel will be. A 20-1000 part of
an inch in the thickness of the strip
makes a difference In the running of a
watch of about six minutes per hour.
The value of these springs, when fin
ished and placed in watches, is enor
mous in . proportion to the material
from which they are made. A compari
son will give a good idea. A ton of gold
is worth $627,915. A ton of steel made
up into hairsprings when in watches is
worth $7,882,290 more than twelve
and one-half times the value of pure
gold. Hairspring wire weighs oner
twentieth of a grain to the inch. One
mile of wire weighs less than half a
pound. The balance :glves five vibra
tions to every second, 300 times every
minute, 18,000 every hour, 432,000
times every day, and 157,680,000 every
year. At each vibration it rotates
about one and one-quarter times, which
makes 197,100,000 revolutions .every
year. In order that we may better un
derstand the stupendous amount , of
labor performed by these, tiny works,
let us make a few comparisons. Take,
for illustration, fli Jocomotive with six
driving .wheels. Let its wheels be run
till they, have given the same number
of revolutions that a watch gives in
one year, and they will have covered a
distance equal to" twenty-eight com
plete circuits of the earth.. All this a
watch does without other attention
than windihg once every twenty-four
hours. Cincinnati Commercial Tribune,
. Fun in . Handkerchief Tussles, i
Look at the diagram and see if vim
can discover a a -for the- bovs tn c.t
apart -: Two ..small -girls of my ac
quaintance rode , home In a street car
tied together Iff' this fashion, fflent nil
night over it "and did not guess the
name until after breakfast next morn
ing. The antics which they cut up fur
nished entertainment for a whole room
full of people. -
To make it really excitine a nnmhpr
of couples should be set coins at once
and a prize offered to the pair who get
apart first Such a wriggling and
twisting Into all sorts of absurd nnai.
tlons as this will result in could hardly
be equaled by energetic' boa constrict
ors. And the problem is after all quite
easy of solution. The couple whom I
.spoke of above when they had finally
hit upon the correct plan of procedure
could not . understand how it had es
caped them so long. ;
To separate, the girls had only to
push the center of one of the handker
chiefs under the" loop made by- the
other handkerchief where it was tied
about the wrist, and then carry the
loop over the hand.
Tie some of your friends together In
this way and follow the directions
carefully; you will soon catch the idea
of how quickly to separate them. '
Making Fudge.
One day a friend of mine Invited an
other girl and myself to come down to
her house that evening to- cook.. ,
So, after school was over, we all
three started for the girl's home.. When
we reached there the first question ask'
ed, was, "What shall we "make?" and
finally we decided to make fudge.
I had made some at home one night
but as my sister usually made It I was
not very good at it but I knew the re
ceipt . We took two cups of sugar, one
cup of cream, two small squares of
grated chocolate and a little butter.
We then placed it on the stove to cook.
We girls said that if it turned out all
right we would each be glad to claim
A HANDKEKCHIEF TUSSLE.
the honor of having made It but if It
was not good, we would each say t
the other made It
After It had cooked about ten min
utes, we took It off the stove and went
out doors and began to stir it Pretty
soon our hopes began to rise, for it was
beginning to look and taste like fudge.
We decided that we had stirred it
enough, so poured it out on buttered
pans and went out In the barn to play,
running in every now and then to take
a piece of fudge that we had made .our
selves. Eighteen Is Old Enourh.
It appears from President Eliot's re
port of last year's work at Harvard
tnat hoys enter college a trifle younger
than they did a generation aeo. and
few of them proportionally are now
prepared by private tutors. The num
ber entering from public schools is
steadily Increasing. Dr. Eliot thinks
tnat tne excellence of the preparatory
schools ought to still further reduce
the average age of entrance. "There
no good reason why nine-tenths of
all the boys who mean to go to Har
vard College should not be fully pre
pared for admission at 18 years of
age," he says.
NEITHER ARMS NOR LEGS.
Rare Example of Hum Ileitis With
out Trace of Limba.
This remarkable person, who was ex
hibited in Paris at the time of the ex
position, is one of the rare examples
of a human being who has been from
birth deprived of his arms and legs.
He was born in France in the depart
ment of Morihan (Brittany), his father
and mother being in easy circum
stances and living upon a small farm..
Both the parents are of good constitu
tion and physically normal. - Their son.
now about 25 years of age, has no ap
parent trace of arms or legs, and hence
Is generally known by the name of
l'Homme Tronc, or trunk man.
Outside of this remarkable peculiari
ty, the rest of his body does not present
any marked variations from the nor
mal; the head is somewhat large in
proportion to the body; the capillary
system Is but little developed, and the
head shows -a premature baldness. His
parents have always taken great care
of him, and he lives in a normal way
(apart from the use of his members), as
none of the essential organs of life are
wanting. He eats, drinks and digests
like another person, but if left to him
self he would, undoubtedly die, as it is
impossible for. him to move his body
in order to procure food. It may be
thought that his condition would react
upon the mind and that he would be of
a sad disposition and place but little
value upon existence. On the contrary,
he seems to be satisfied with life.
The Writer questioned him upon this
paint and he responded that he was
quite contented with existence. He
does not suffer from want of occupa
tion, as might be supposed, as he has
different kinds of work to keep him
busy. One of his chief occupations is
that of making small tables and chairs
and other .objects by nailing together
pieces of wood which have been pre
viously cut out- for him. He takes a
nail In his mouth, plants it in the wood
and drives it In very adroitly. . He can
also thread a needle with his mouth,
and can take up a glass or metal cup
which is given him 'to . drink and empty
it without spilling' a drop. He seems
to be sufficiently intelligent without be
ing particularly so. Scientific Ameri
can: . -
RIVER BOATS IN RUSSIA.
Strange Looking: Craft that Ply the
Waters of the Muscovite Umpire,
Everywhere up the Volga and its
hundred, tributaries ascend the iron
barges of the Caspian sea oil fleet,
while through the canals to St Peters
burg alone pass annually, during the
215 days of free navigation, thousands
of steamers and barges bearing mill
ions of .tons of freight. Every known
means of locomotion is used, from men,
who, like oxen," tramp the towpaths,
hauling the smaller barges, to powerful
tugs that creep along by means of an
endless chain laid in the bed of the
canals and minor rivers, dragging af
ter them at snail pace great caravans
of heavy barges.
. From thegreater streams immense
craft nearly 400 feet long 15 feet in
depth, carrying 6,000 tons, of freight,
drift down to the Caspian, where they
arc .broken to pieces to be used as fire
wood on the steamers going up stream.
In all there are 8,000 miles of naviga
ble waterways In the valley'of the Vol
ga, or, if the streams which float the
giant rafts that form so large a part
of the traffic of the rivers are included.
the mileage Is increased to nearly 15,
000, or as much as that of the valley of
the Mississippi. ; ' -Fifty
thousand rafts .are floated
down the Volga annually, many, of
them 100 feet long by 7 thick, and this
gives but a faint idea of the Teal traffic
of the river, for in addition there are
10,000,000 tons of produce passing up
and down the river- during the open
season. Much of this centers at Nijni
Novgorod.- To "this, famous market
steamers and barges come from all
parts of Russia, bringing goods to be
sold at the great annual fair, over
$200,000,000 worth of merchandise
changing hands In a few weeks ; .30,000
craft, including rafts, are required for
this traffic; they come from as far north
as Archangel, as far east as the Urals,
from Astrakan in the south, St. Peters
burg and Moscow to the west, while
great caravans of ships of the desert
arrive daily from all parts of Asia.
' A small boy's idea of forgiving an in.
jury Inflicted by another boy is to lick
him first and forgive him. afterward.
It's a mean man who will deliberate
ly walk between a woman and a milli
net's window.
Artificial Calf-Feeder,
What an awful disappointment It
must be to a calf to wake up some
morning and find its mother missing
and no warm breakfast waiting, and
how disgusted It must feel when the
farmer comes in a little later with a
pail of skimmed mllbt straddles the
calf's neck. Inserts bis finger in its
mouth and tries to convince It that
drinking is the proper method of feed
ing from that time on. Happy would
be that calf if the f aimer would pro
vide it with the feeding arrangement
here shown, and happy would the far
mer be if he did not have to waste his
time in teaching the calf to drink. The
calf seems to get along fairly well un
til the farmer undertakes to withdraw
bis finger and make the calf go it
alone, but then rebellion rises and an
upset pall is the result in some cases.
Once introduce the calf to this device
and he may bunt to his heart's con
tent without upsetting the milk. The
arrangement consists of a reservoir,
suspended from the wall, with a tube
leading to a block underneath, on
which is mounted a rubber nipple. As
the nipple Is screwed on the block it
may be removed as soon as the feeding
is finished, or the entire feeder can be
taken down If desired. Henry B. Smith,
of Chauteaugay, N. Y., is the inventor.
Early Paaturacre.
The first grass In spring is watery and
has very little nutrition In it, partly be
cause it is usually to. be found on the
low , lands, where' the better grade of
grasses do not grow. Yet we used to
like to get cattle and sheep into it as
soon as it was large enough to give
them a fair bite, as such grass is poor
at the best, and almost worthless after
It gets tough and harsh. But we never
depended much upon It as food for
them, excepting for its succulent quali
ties. We fed as much hay and grain
the morning before we let them into
pasture as if they were to remain in the
yard. Then we took them In early, and
at night they were fed at the barn
again. The green grass loosened the
bowels, and perhaps we had a little
more milk, or a little thriftier growth,
but it made the change from bay to
pasture more gradual, and they seemed
to relish' it, especially if the roots were
all gone, as they usually were likely to
be at that season. That was before the
days of the silo, and if we had one
well filled we might think it better now
to feed ensilage, and let the bog grass
grow to be used as bedding, or to be
used as a covering for strawberries or
spinach, or as a mulch for some other
crops. American Cultivator.
Farm Separators,
Butter makers kick on farm separa
tors," says the Northwest Farmer. Some
of the butter makers are making a live
ly kick against the introduction of the
farm- separator. They might as well
kick against a stone wail, for kicking
will not stop its coming. There is only
one thing that will check its rapid in
troduction, and that is better skimmilk
from the creamery. Farmers are get
ting more and more determined to
raise good-calves, and they propose to
do this with wparator skimmilk. .If
the butter makers don't clean up their
pumps, pipee and tanks and give the
skimmilk a thorough pasteurizing the
farmer is certain to lend an attentive
ear to the farm separator agent a sep
arator will be installed on trial, and
you can count on its staying. It will
then be too late to protest for after a
farmer pays $100 for a separator he is
quite apt to find a factory that will
take his cream. Dairymen of experi
ence have found that the best of calves
can be raised on good separator milk,
and every intelligent butter maker
knows how to return it In good condi
tion. -
' Lineed Oil Cake.
It is an English tradition that some
thing like a century ago a farmer used
the refuse from a linseed or flaxseed
oil mill to manure a field, and then
turned sheep' on ' It. Going there a
while afterward he found that the
sheep had eaten the grass and the ma
nure as well, and had made a better
growth than those in other fields. This
is said to have been the beginning of
feeding linseed cake to sheep. Possi
bly It Is true, for some of. our most
beneficial discoveries have been made
in .ways as accidental or providential
as this. Exchange. , : ,
' e"tronr Constitutions.
Many animals lack in constitutional
vigor, simply because their parents
have been allowed to get too fat and
THE HAPPY CALF AND ITS PEKDEK.
have not had euougn exercise to keep
their muscles firm and the digestive
organs active, while others have failed
because of the feeder having gone to
the opposite extreme, failed to feed
enough, and in giving exercise have ex
posed them to cold and hard usage.
The box stall or pen Is better for the
breeding animal than closer confine
ment and as much good food as they
will eat better than a scanty ration, but
it should not be what Is called carbon
aceous or heating and fattening food,
but such as to produce muscle and
growth of frame. Out-of-door exercise
Is needed, but that does not mean
standing still In a cold wind or storm
until chilled through, or being turned
out to drink Ice water to chill the In
ternal organs and the unborn offspring.
Massachusetts Ploughman.
Killing Brnah.
We see much said in our Western ex
changes about the value of the Angora
goat to destroy brush. If that Is their
strong point we do not want them. It
used to be the fashion to advocate
keeping sheep to kill weeds and briars.
They will surely do that If kept on
them, but we never knew any one to
start with sheep with that as his main
incentive, who did not come to the
conclusion that there was no profit In
sheep. If we want good wool and mut
ton the sheep must have something be
side briars to feed upon, and If they
choose to take a few briars or weeds
as a sort of condiment with the other
food, well and good. So we think if
Angora goats are kept to kill brush en
tirely they will furnish but little mo
hair and a poor flesh. Give us the old
plan for killing brush, mow In July,
burn In August and then let sheep pick
a few of the tender sprouts If they
want them the next spring. American
Cultivator.
Lawn Grass.
While most of the seed stores sell
special lawn-grass mixtures, which,
perhaps, contain a half-dozen or more
varieties of grass seed, we doubt if any
of them will give better results than to
mix one bushel of Kentucky bluegrass,
a half bushel of clean redtop, or a
bushel In the chaff, one peck of sweet
vernal and one pound of white clover,
the above being amount for one acre.
The bluegrass is earlier than the red
top, and the redtop resists summer beat
better, while the fragrant sweet vernal
is good both early and- late. Have
the ground thoroughly pulverized and
made rich with about six hundred
pounds lawn dressing per acre, which
has more nitrogen and potash than the
usual superphosphates, and sow in
spring as early as the ground can be
well worked, or sow in August' We
prefer the artificial fertilizer to the
barnyard manure for lawn, as being
free from weed seeds. The above mix
ture is also a good one for permanent
pasture. New England Farmer.
What Result to the Soil ?
I would not seem to undervalue sta
ble manure, but it is a mistake to sup
pose that land must grow poor when
we cease to feed everything upon the
farm. It is not necessary to sacrifice
all income for the cake of keeping up
the soil. Now that we know more
about the composition of the soil, we
know that productiveness depends In
great degree upon the presence of or
ganic matter in it and not solely upon
stable manure or commercial fertiliz
ers. The ideal condition would be one
in which a goodly number of live stock
could be kept with profit on nearly ev
ery farm, but the cattle feeders of most
fertile Eastern valleys must give up a
farm scheme that makes fat cattle and
wheat the only cash products. The
list of cash crops will be madejonger,
and clover, peas and sods must be free
ly used to supplement the manure.
Farm and Fireside.
Little Hay Goea a Long: Way.
Hay for work horses should not be
fed in excessive amounts when they
are upon the road or worked hard.
Stuffing with hay when required to ex
ert their strength or speed is liable to
cause serious and lasting injury. It Is
also without doubt a more frequent
cause of heaves and windbreak in
horses than in anything else. When
either of these troubles exists it so ag
gravates the disease as to endanger the
animal's life. At morning and noon
only very little hay should be given,
with enough grain to keep up the
strength and fleRh of the horse, but at
night a liberal amount of hay should
be fed. Farm and Home.
Barbed-Wire Fences.
' An animal will seldom go near enough
to a barbed-wire fence to be badly dam
aged by it, if led up to It when first put
out, and allowed to learn how sharp the
barbs are by a slight prick from them,
which will do no "real damage. But
sometimes one will push another
against It- The greatest danger is from
a barbed-wire that is not in place, but
has become detached from the post and
I has a part of its length lying on the
ground to entangle the legs of any ani
mal or person walking along "and not
noticing. See that all such fences are
made safe before any animals are let
out there. '
Covering: Tree Wound.
Among popular conclusions arrived
at from the general experience tn using
various preparations, such as shellac
varnish, liquid grafting wax, tar and
white lead paint for healing wounds
made In pruning trees Is that taking
all things together, nothing seems to be
better than covering the wounds yvltb
common lead paint somewhat " thick,
and that grafting wax 'Is a close 'sec
ond. Wax is the superior to paint In
the matter of healing, but It doe not
last so well, nor is it so convenient to
apply. . .,
Milk VcmcIb. .
Milk vessels should, as far as possi
ble, be made without seams, and all
soldered Joints be made as smooth' at
possible.