Union gazette., April 06, 1900, Image 4

Science
kta
fvention
An -addition to the known mineral
treasures of the frosty north Is made
by the recent discovery of gold depos
its In Siberia, on the northwestern
shore of the Sea of Okhotsk. The Rus
sian Government has taken charge of
tbe new gold fields, and is preparing to
lease them to parties who wish to try
their fortune-In developing tbe depos
its. A fresh impulse Is thus given to
the opening up of Siberia.
During the volcanic eruption In the
Hawaiian Islands - last summer, the
smoke rose to a height of between five
- and six miles, and then drifted away to
' the northeast. At a distance of GOO
' miles from Hawaii It settled upon the
surface of the sea, and was then car
ried back by the northeast wind to Its
place of origin, where It arrived a fort
: night after Its original departure, and
I covered the entire group of Islands
with Its heavy palL
It has usually been assumed that the
atoms of which all mutter consists are
Indivisible, but Prof. J. J. Thomson, of
the Royal Society of Great Britain,
thinks that he has found evidence of
the divisibility of atoms. Experiments
with cathode rays indicate, be says,
that the stream of electrified particles
projected from the negative plate con
sists of corpuscles torn from the atoms
composing the electrode, and not of
. the whole atom themselves. These
. corpuscles are very small portions of
the atoms from which they come.
- Between the northern point of Long
, Island and Watch Hill lies a row of
- little Islands, two of which, Plum Isl
' and and Goose Island, possess a pecu
liar form of mineral wealth. It con-
sists In heaps of richly colored quarts
pebbles, showing redV yellow, purple
. and other hues, which are locally called
agates. They are : used In making
stained glass windows, and there Is a
sufficient demand for: them In New
' York to keep the owners of one or two
sloops employed in gathering -them
from the beaches, where . the wares
continually roll and polish them, bring
ing out the beauty of their colors.
It Is computed by statistics that the
average annual rain fall In the United
States would. If by some . magical or
mechanical device all gathered Into one
place, exceed by .four "times the vol
ume of water In Lake Erie, which has
an area of nearly 10,000 square miles,
and an average depth of 200 feet. The
annual rain fall Is computed to be In
volume about the same as all the water
In the Mediterranean, and any person
caught In a storm without an umbrella
may. If of a philosophical disposition,
' take this fact Into account as evidence
of the truth of the ancient saying that
nothing Is really so bad but it might be
considerably worse.
Prof. James E. Keeler, director of the
-.Lick Observatory, reports that the
Crossley reflecting telescope of that In
stitution has made about seventy pho
tographs of nebulae during the past
year, showing many new features from
which highly Interesting conclusions
may be drawn. On nearly every pho
tographic plate exposed, from one to
sixteen new nebulae have been found,
and Prof. Keeler estimates that the
number of new nebulae In the sky
within reach of the Crossley telescope
may be as great as 120,000. How the
imagination is stimulated by- such a
plctui- the heavens, sprinkled ovet
Hssta, T3Tiagftk,' more
'uvcs-.tLn thistle-down") appear
ance, yet capable by condensation of
.forming worlds and suns the filmy
embryos of future stars! . " T
' PARIS OF THE FAUBOURGS.
Worklngman'i Pride in tbe Beantlfnl
Street of the French Capital. .
An article In the Century, "Paris of
the Faubourgs," by Richard Whiteing,
author, and Andre Castaigne, illustra
tor, throws a bright light on the differ
ence between the lives of the laboring
classes In the French capital and in
London. The Parisian lives In the
streets, and prides himself on their
beauty and cleanliness; the Londoner
has less to boast of, In this respect, and
takes less interest in the external as
pect' of his city. .. . ,.-..'.'; ; V ,
The people of tbe faubourgs, the bum-
. ble folk generally small traders and
small annuitants, as well au workmen
like all the rest of us, are the product
of their surroundings. They are shaped
by the private life and by the public
life, by the street, and the home. .These
. people in Paris owe a great deal to the
public life. It condescends to their
r' needs for color, variety, movement, in
a way universal among the Latin na
tions.. Out of doors is merely their
larger borne, and they expect to find
adequate provision there for every kind
of. enjoyment Our own race tends to
regard that domain as a mere -thoroughfare
between the workshop and
the fireside, where all our interests are
centered. If It serves that purpose that
- Is about all we ask of It. It may be as
ugly as It likes, and, within certain
limits of Indulgence, almost as dirty.
To the Frenchman it is more than a
place of transit; It is almost a place of
sojourn.
So tbe Parisian common man has his
share of the Champs Elysees and of
the boulevards in his freedom of access
to their fountains and promenades, and
, their bordering alleys of tender green.
HO comes down-stairs to them, so to
speak, as soon as the scavengers have
done their timely work. He descends
- to his thoroughfare as the millionaire
expects to descend to his breakfast
room or his study, with all Its appoint
ments fresh from- the broom, and shin
ing In their brightness of metal and
glass. So, whatever the gloom of the
domestic prospect, his street helps him
to feel good. The beauty of the stat
uary, of the public - buildings, is a
means to the sameend. For nothing
the poorest of poorlQevlls may see the
glorious bronzes In the terrace gardens
of the Tulleries, the outdoor figures of
the Luxembourg, the great horses of
the Place de la Concorde, the magnifi
cent compositions of the Arch. The
very lamppost that will light his way
at nightfall serves the purpose of a
thing of beauty all through the day.
Compare It with the English bar of
cast iron, hideous to the eye in form
and color, foul with the mudstains of
years of traffic. The Frenchmen m ust
have it suave and shapely in its lines,
a model of a good Renaissance, orna
ment In Its decorations, bronze in Its
materials, and washed and polished
every week or so to keep it smart
FIREMAN'S FRIGHTFUL FALL.
Knocked from His Engine, He Plunged
Into the Bin Muddy. .
Railroad men on the Missouri Pacific
are talking yet about an accident which
befell George Norris, a fireman who
works on the Kansas City and Omaha
line, during the winter. Norris was
working with Pat. Kelly, and one night
they were bringing south the fast train
from Omaha which reaches Kansas J
City at 10:35. Kelly waa riding with his
head out of the window watching for
obstructions on the numerous curves
where the railroad 'runs close to tbe
Missouri River a few miles above
Leavenworth.
The train was making between thirty
and thirty-five miles an hour following
close to the river when Norris started
to shake the grates! The bar broke
and he fell backward and off the en
gine. It happened that just at that mo
ment the train was running on part
of tbe tracks that rests on an embank
ment of stone and earth that slopes
down to the river. Norris rolled down
tbe bank and Into the water. The
stream waa not deep, but the water
was cold, and, though he was bruised
In a dozen places and bleeding, Norris
lost no time In climbing up the bank
But the train went on at full speed.
Kelly did not miss his fireman until be
was a mile from where Norris was
"spilled." He ran the train Into Leav
enworth, turned his engine over to an
other man and ran a switch engine
back down the track to look for bis fire
man. He took some railroadmen with
him, expecting to find Norris dead. Tbe
trainmen say when Kelly saw his fire
man walking down tbe track with
water dripping down bis face the re
union was as joyous as that of long
parted brothers. Norris went to the
hospital, but Is back on his engine now.
Kansas City Star. - '
SLOT MACHINE FOR LUNCHERS
New-Yorker . Will Boon Order Their
Meal by the Popular Process. "
The latest fad of tbe big cities of Eu
rope is tbe "Buffet , Automatique,"
which means In good American a quick
feeder and drinker for man, woman
and child. It Is really a gigantic nlckel-in-the-slot
machine, and it has beeouie
popular In Paris, Berlin and Vienna.'
The buffet automatlques are baud
some salons, fitted with tables and
chairs, and with one side of the room
devoted to a big buffet which will ; ap
ply the visitor with anything to eat or
drink at fixed prices and by simply
dropping the necessary coin In the slot
The visitor enters and sees a lot 'of
tempting dainties under glass cases.
He selects what he desires, drops In his
dime or half-dime, and the plate moves
on a slide toward him, with a napkin,
knife and fork; Then be wants a drink.
He sees his favorite beverage bt-ef,
ale, wine, coffee or tea plainly marked
over different silver spouts. He drops
In his coin, holds bis glass or cup under
the spout and out pours the liquid,
stopping automatically when the glass
or cup is full. Then be goes to a table
and eats his lunch In a contented frame
of mind. ",
This automatic service Is quick, ,sure
and unfailing.. Tbe quantities are lib
eral and the quality guaranteed. The
busy man can save fifteen minutes. In
getting his lunch.
In Paris these buffets are now on all
tbe boulevards. In Berlin there is a
handsome one on Friedrich - strasse.
and tbe largest Is at Vienna, on tbe
Ringstrasse. In some of these feeding
establishments there are over 400 dif
ferent kinds of food and drink, and the
prices are only two coins, correspond
ing to our dimes and nickels. Only one
man Is visible In tbe restaurant He
Is the manager, and a pretty girl Is at
a desk In the corner to give change to
customers. In the mornings and after
noons these places are the favorite
rendezvous for women and children.
Tbe men flock to them at lunch time. ,
A company has been formed by Ru
dolph 5.Aronson,' and three prominent
Uptown corners have already been
leased !n order to introduce these slot
machines to New-Yorkers. New, York
Journal. . . .
LAW AS INTERPRETED.
Power of the governor or military
officer In command to suspend the writ
of habeas corpus, or disregard It If Is
sued, for tbe purpose of suppressing
an insurrection or rebellion, is "; sus
tained In re Boyle (Idaho), 45 L. R. A.
832, and on application for such a writ
the truth of recitals in the governor's
proclamation Is held not to be open to
question. -, . -' . ,
Acts done pursuant to a subsisting
judgment which Is afterward reversed
are held. In Bridges vs. McAllister
(Ky.), 45 L. R. A. 800. to constitute no
basis for an action of tort The case
was one of damages by filling up a
ditch In pursuance of a judgment
which was afterward reversed. In
connection with this case Is a note pre
senting the other authorities on tbe
Question of liability for tort in doing
acts authorized by a subsisting judg
ment which Is afterward reversed.1'
Liability of a sleeping car company
for theft of a passenger's effects while
he is asleep Is denied In Pullman's Pal
ace Car Company vs. Adams (Ala.), 43
L. R, A. 767, If the company has. exer
cised reasonable diligence; . but the
mere fact that tbe porter did not go to
sleep during his watch Is not deemed
sufficient proof of such diligence. : , The
theft of a ring carried In a pocketbooK
and wbich Is not capable of being used
on the journey. Is held not to makevtbe
company liable, even If its loss was due
to the company's negligence.'
A Torrens registration law which
provides for the registration of land
titles after they are established In a
court of equity, is upheld In people ex
reL Deneen vs.. Simon (111.), 44 L. R. A.
S01 7 and It Is held that judicial power
is not conferred upon tbe registrar by
requiring him to make entries when It
appears to him that a person Intending
to create a charge on property "has the
title and right to create such Charge,"
and that the person In whose favor It Is
to be made "is entitled by the terms of
the act to have the same registered"
especially when a party aggrieved can
apply to a court of equity. A provision
that the registrar shall record a trans
fer of land held in trust upon the writ
ten opinion of two examiners that the
transfer Is in accordance with the true
Intent and meaning of the trust which
registration shall be conclusive in fa
vor of the grantee. Is also held valid.
Risked His L fo for His Work.
Verestchagln, whose terrible . war
pictures are almost repellent In their
realism, has risked his life many times
while painting them. He would go,
sketch-book in band. Into the thickest
of the fighting, and sketch the fallen
men In the Intervals of defending him
self from the attacks of the enemy.
On one occasion he had to suspend his
painting for four hours, while the bul
lets rained around his canvas, and be
bears as many scars as any hero all
tbe fruits of bis love of realism. '
His Disposition.
"Tes, said the benevolent man, "I
thank heaven for my happy disposition.
1 am satisfied with what the day brings
forth, and quickly forget the pain and
trouble that has passed."
"Ah!" replied tbe physician, "that ex
plains your overlooking my little bill."
Catholic Standard and Times. :
Occasionally you see a man in a dress
suit who looks mora like a wish bone
than anything else. """.
ft ft . It
UBONIG plague the dreaded
"black death" of the Orient will
never get a foothold In the Unit
ed States, or in any other civilized coun
try where modern methods of sanita
tion prevail. This Is the assertion of
Surgeon General Wyman of the United
States army and it Is Indorsed by medi
cal experts generally. So far as known
only t-o cases of genuine bubonic
plague have been found In the United
States. These were brought Into New
York last fall on a steamer from San
tos." Brazil, where the disease is now
epidemic. There was considerable
alarm when the fact of the presence
of tbe plague . was known, but - this
quickly passed off when it became evi
dent that tbe quarantine regulations in
this country are such that it Is almost
impossible for a'disease of this nature
to spread. Since then vessels have been
M.A0CS PATIENT,- BOMBAY HOSPITAL.
continually arriving from Santos, but
no new cases of the plague have devel
oped. ' I' - "V
"So far as the United States is con
cerned," says Surgeon General Wyman,
"there Is absolutely no danger of a. bu
bonic plague invasion. .. The plague is
essentially a dirt, .disease; it cannot
thrive where the' people are cleanly,
and well-nourished; or where modern
methods of sanitation prevail It is
found In Its worst stages In lands like
India and China, where the natives are
dirty In their personal habits; where
the very soil is saturated with filth;
where there is an utter lack of anything
like sanitation even of the crudest kind,
and where the people's bodies, weaken
ed and emaciated by lack of proper
food. Invite disease.":
. .... ....
Host Deadly of Diseases. .'.
Under the conditions obtaining in the
Orient the. bubonic plague' Is' the most
virulent. ad deadly of diseases.. The
symptoms manifest themselves in from
twelve hours to twelve days after the
system absorbs', the disease; the usual
period being' about four days.TAt first
the patient complains of high fever, a
swelling or the glands of the thigh and
groin, and sometimes of the neck, and
finally becomes delirious. Tbe crisis is
reached in from two to eight days, gen
erally in forty-eight hours. If life can
be prolonged for five or six days tbe
chances of successful treatment are
greatly increased. As a rule, however,
little can be done to save the natives
of the countries where the plague is epi
demic. A few of the well-nourished
ones escape; of the rest death claims
an average of from 50 to 100 per cent
of tbe total number of cases. This fear
ful mortality is best shown in the fol
lowing 'figures, furnished by Dr. Wy
man: Bombay, cases 220,907, deaths
104,083; Hong-Kong, cases 1,600, deaths
1,541; Formosa, cases 2,468, deaths
1,800. Strangely enough this death
rate varies greatly according to nation
alities. From statistics obtained durlDK
tbe prevalence of the plague in Hong
Kong tbe following official showing Is
made, the percentage being based on
the total number of , cases reported:
Chinese, 03 deaths Out of every 100 per
sons attacked with the disease; East
Indians.. 77 out of every 100; Japanese,
CO; Eurasians, 100; Europeans. 18, This
small relative percentage of mortality
among- Europeans Is attributed to bet
ter blood and stamina; and to the suc
cess of. treatment, In the early stages
of the disease, the Intelligence of ithe
European leading him fo call In a physi
cian at the first sign of trouble, while
the ignorance and prejudice of the Ori
entals prompt them to conceal them
selves and reject medical aid. :k. .: '
An interesting suggestion as to the
cause for the great prevalence and mor-
tality of the plague in India and China
Is offered by Dr. Charles W. Dabney,
Jr who attributes It to the fact that
the people, when fed at all, live almost
entirely upon rice and other grains
whicb contain very little protein, meat
or Usb being rare articles of diet while
wheat oats, Indian corn and rye, a I
of wbich are richer In protein than rice,
are unknown. In other words, the
bodies of these natives lack proper
nourishment
Methods of Contracting Plagrne.
Medical scientists have dete.m.ned
that bubonic plague may be contracted
In three ways by Inoculation through
an external wound or abrasion, by res
piration (breathing air laden with the
plague germs), and by introduction
into tbe stomach of food or water that
has become Infected. Contrary to tbe
general belief, tbe disease is not infec
tious or- contagious In tbe ordinary
manner. ' A person might even sleep in
a bed occupied by a plague victim, or
wear clothing taken from his body, and
yet escape- infection, provided there
were no wounds or abrasions on the
skin In which the disease germs could
get lodgment v Even the breath of a
patient Is not necessarily poisonous,
the fiaatost uurca of dan being in
XThe Plague in History.
The plague prevailed In Athens In
, 432-429 B. C. and reappeared eight
een months after It was thought to
have been stamped oat.
In the third century B. C. pestilences
swept away countless numbers 1a
. Egypt. - ; j ,
Uvjr records a great plague that de
stroyed millions In various parts of
Africa to the third century B. C.
In 542 A. D. the plague spreRd over
. Egypt and reached Constantinople,
where 10,000 died Id a day. in the
same, century It ravaged Italy and
. Northern Africa. -r
In the seventh century the plague In
vaded England and claimed scores,
of victims. - i -
In 1270 It appeared In Cairo and Con
stantinople, spread, and became epi
demic In the fourteenth century' the pesti
lence eame from Arabia and swept
.; Egypt, Armenia, Asia Minor, North
ern Africa and nearly ail Europe.
. Hecker, the historian, estimates that
I it claimed 25,000,000 victims In Eu
rope during the century. --. --- ."
In 1466, 40,000 died from "plague In
- Western Europe.
In 1572 pestilence swept away 50,000
peoi
le In and
near Ljrons,
l 70.000 diA
and in
la and
1ST
more than
70,000
aronna Venice.
In 1648. the" plague depopulated' Na
: pies, claiming 300,000 victims In five
months.-, , . t. . ';;;...'
In .1654-55 London suffered ravages
by the pestilence and 100,000. died.
In 1720 one-third of the people of
Marseilles died and the following
". year 88,000 died In Toulon and the
: ' 'Whole-of Provence. -i. . ,
In 1743 nearly 50,000 died In Messina.
In 1771 the plague destroyed 50,000
. lives In Moscow. .
In 1835 Cairo again was visited by
the Pjagie and one-fifth of the peo-
the discbarges from the swellings. All
this being granted, the question will
naturally arise, ; Why, then, snould the
disease rage so among the Orientals?
The assertion that the plague,. Is not
usually Infectious or contagious In the
ordinary way applies only to peopie
who are ordinarily cleanly in: their hab
its. . To : those .acquainted with the
Oriental no further explanation Is nec
essary. Once tbe plague gets' a foot
bold among East Indians or Chinese
coolies It is almost Impossible to check
it, except with . the! extermination of
the population affected.' Russia has
adopted heroic methods In dealing with
the plague in its Chinese colonies. All
those' affected are taken out and shot.
"It saves trouble and other people's
lives," the Russian grimly remarks.
The conditions of environment favor
ing the plague are similar to those that
encourage typhus fever, namely, dens
ity of population, bad ventilation: and
HOW RUSSIA CURKS
Unfortunate coolies suffering from
mercy by the Csar's soldiers.
drainage, Impure , water, . Imperfect
nourishment, and Inattention to sani
tary requirements. "
It Is said of this disease, as of yel
low fever, that human habitations and
the soil may become so' thoroughly In
fected as to establish endemicity, or
regular recurrence of the disease. The
bacillus will infect food and f water,
though bow long it will retain Its viril
ity In water Is as -. yet.- undetermined.
Heat and moisture, darkness, and the
presence of organic matter, vegetable
or animal, especially If In a state of de
composition, furnish the Ideal condi
tions for tbe propagation of the plague
bacilli. Light, dryness and heat are
fatal to the germs. The bacilli are killed
by direct sunlight in three or . four
hours, and In a dry room at ordinary
temperature in three?: or four days. A
temperature of 176 degrees Fahrenheit
kills the germs in five minutes, and so
lutions of corrosive sublimate, sul-
PROGRESS OF THE PLAGUE ACROSS THE PACIFIC.
phuric acid, or hydrochloric acid have
the same eflect' .. ' , .
" Treatment of Plagrne Patients.
'The consulting committee of public
health of the French Government has
framed the following rules for .the
treatment of patients:
A patient stricken with plague should
be Isolated and kept in a state of tbe
utmost cleanliness, the persons charged
with bis care alone to have access to
him. The attendants should observe
tbe following, precautions: ' To ; take
neither food nor drink in the sick-room;
never to take food without washing
the bands with soap and a disinfecting
solution; to rinse the mouth from time
to time, and always before eating, with
a disinfecting solution; carpets, 'cur
tains, rugs and other furniture to'be re
moved from sick-room; cloths, cover
ings and mattresses to be disinfected
by steam or boiling at the conclusion,
of tbe case, or as often as they scum il
ia te; the floor of the room to be'aahed
daily with a disinfecting solutioii "
To a French physician, Dr. Tersen,
belongs the honor of having discovered
a remedy for the plague. Dr. Sersen
was a student of the Pasteur Institute
and a baiiaver in the serum tref aent
Plague in Last Decade.
1890 and 1891 Sporadic cases In Ton-,
quln and Hong-Kong. -
1892 Carried to Lang-Tcho and Tun
Nan. . .
1898 and-1894 Epidemic at Tonquln,
Hong-Kong, Canton, Lang-Tchu
- and Yun-Nan. -.
1895 to 1897 Sporadic cases at Tun
k Nan and Lang-Tchu and aloog the
Manchurian frontier; also In varl
V ons parts of India.
1898 Plague becomes epidemic In
Bombay and Calcutta, and famine
paves tbe way for Its renewed ln-
: roads along the Manchurian fron
tier, i
June, 1899 Pestilence spreads rap
Idly In Hong-Koug. Bombay and
Calcutta, and many cases appear at
Bangoon and Singapore.
July, 1899 Epidemic at Port Artbnr,
newcuwaDg, ireioo ana xien-'rsin.
and
and
lague spreads
to Australia . T
Shantung.
August, 1899 Disease appears at To-
io ana none, in japan.
and at Che-
mulDO. In
Corea; also spreads to
Vladlvostock
and throueh Siberia.'
and becomes practically epidemic In
Russian Province of Astrakhan.
November, 1899 Plague reaches Ma-.-
alia, and two cases are brought Into
port at New York.
December, : 1899 Appears In Valpara
, lao and other Pacific South Ameri
can ports, and breaks out In Hon-
olulu and Noumed, New Caledonia.
Jan nary. 1900 Pestilence appears In
- Sydney, New South ' Wales and
, Nagasaki, Japan; also passes Cape
a Horn and reaches Rio Janeiro and
Santos, Brazil: Rosarlo, Argentine, '
? and tbe Island of Coxumel, off the :
: coast of Yucatan.
February, 1900 Epidemic breaks out
afresh la Honolulu after being once
annum siuuiueu ouc; also
other Hawaiian Islands.
At Amoy, China, In 1806, be first put
bis theories into practice by using tbe
serum from an immunized horse upon
cases of a severe type. He treated
twenty-three cases In this manner, all
of whom recovered excepting two.
whose, cases were desperate from tbe
outset Since that time tbe Yersen
method has ben tested until Its efficacy
is now 'Incontestable. A French com
mission which has been Investigating
the plague at Oporto. Portugal, reports
that in cases treated with the serum
the mortality was only 14 per ceuu
while in those not treated It was at
least 70 per cent. In a case In Bom
bay a European family resided, with a
numerous retinue of native' servants,
In an Infected portion of the city. Tbe
little daughter of the family was
stricken with the pest in a virnlent
form; was treated with the serum, and
made- a. rapid recovery. As a precau
tionary measure the whole family were
THE BUBONIC PLAGUE.
the -terrible disease are shot down without
- -
subjected to Inoculation, and the same
measure of treatment was offered to
the native domestics. Some accepted
and escaped infection, while six who
declined on the ground of religious
scruples were all stricken . and five
died. A more crucial test could not have
been devised. :
The bubonic plague. Dr. Wyman as
serts. Is the same old plague that for
centuries past has made Its appearance
at intervals In various countries to
claim Its tribute of thousands upon
thousands of human lives, and which
has been known In turn as tbe Levan
tine, Oriental and black , plague, and
black death. The mere index to the lit
erature on the subject a simple enu
meration of titles with authors covers
forty pages In the Index catalogue of
the library of the surgeon general's
office of the United States army.
. Of late years, with the advance of
o c e
4W4IIAH -
IJIAMOJ
civilization and the adoption of Intelli
gent systems of hygiene, sanitation,
quarantine, and medical treatment the
field of tbe plague has been narrowed
year by year, until now It is almost ex
clusively confined, to countries like
India and China, with occasional out
breaks In such ports as Santos, Brazil,
where the conditions are fully as Invit
ing for an epidemic as they are In tbe
Orient
In view of the alarm caused by the
appearance of the plague at various
places in Europe last June, July and Au
gust an International congress of pub
lic health bodies were called to meet
at Brussels on Sept 4, when the prog
ress of the pestilence throughout the
world and measures for Its suppression
were discussed. Many valuable experi
ences In quarantine measures, disinfec
tion and treatment of tbe disease were
related. At this conference tbe history
of the pestilence,: under - the various
names by which it has ben known at
intervals during many centuries as
Levantine, Oriental, bubonic and "black
death" was gone Into at length. The
present species of plague waa declared
from comparisons to be similar to and
to have the same derivation as tb epi-
demlcs which periodically have depop
ulated vast regions of the world, be
ginning as early as 600 years B. C
Fighting the plague with fire and
death quick obliteration of human be
ings at the gun muzzle and the uttet
extinction of dead oodles In the ashes
of funeral pyres Is an excess of horroi
in connection with the progress of tbe
dread black bubonic scourge. .The cus
tom of tbe disposal of bodies of plague
victims by tbe Russian army officials
In Manchuria Is Invariably that of in
cineration. . Between July 6 and 15 last
over 300 coolies employed on tbe rail
road work near Newchwang. who be-
came inf ectea Dy contact with coolie
laborers shipped from Hong Kong, and
who disclosed unmistakable evidences
of having the plague in Its first stages,
were rounded up and shot by the Cos-
sack soldiers employed In guarding ths
camps. Their bodies were piled on logs.
saturated with petroleum and burned.
In efforts to stamp out the disease In
Honolulu tbe officials burned every
building in tbe infeeted district. ' Tbe
total expense of tbe plague In Hono
lulu up to March 1. including tbe value
of the property destroyed, was est!
mated to reach $1,000,000.
- Vmi-m or Weather Fiireoua,
; The weather forecasts are of value II
a great many ways not thought of by
most people. J For example, they are
most useful in the business of carry
ing fresh meats by rail, tbe teiiiera
ture of the cars being regulated In ac
cordance with the predictions. The
same method Is employed In carrying
fruit and, in case of a freeze adver
tised in advance, car loads of auc-b per
lshable merchandise are apt to be de
tained in a southern latitude, even af
ter they have started, rather than for
ward them northward under unfavor
able conditions. Even the beatlug of
large office buildings Is managed now
adays with reference to tbe weather
bureau's forecast Fuel companies and
Ice companies find It to their Interest
to watch the predictions carefully, and
growers of cranberries solicit and re
ceive special warnings of cold waves.
Some very funny crapks write to the
weather bureau from time to time. On
one . occasion Chief Moore received a
letter from a rich but very Ignorant old
woman who bad a notion that he could
make It rain or not as be desired. She
wanted to give a lawn party on a cer
tain date, and wrote toiask If ' the
weather could not be clear on that af
ternoon, so that -ber guests would enjoy
themselves. To make her'coniuiunk-a-tion
more Impressive, - she inclosed a
list of tbe names of several prominent
people whom she Intended to invite.
"I entered into the humor of the
thing," says Prof. Moore, "and sent her
an answer to the effect that the after
noon she designated bad already been
bespoken by a poor washerwoman wbo
wanted to obtain some rainwater. with
which to wash clothes, and that on this
account I could not possibly make It
clear on that date." ; v )
Uncle fill's Fable.
As two Jackals and a fok were trav
eling In company they came upon. -a
dead chicken lying on the ground, and
at once there was '.a quarrel between
the jackals as to. which should have the
prize. They finally settled It by divid
ing the chicken between- them, leaving
tbe fox entirely out of the affatr. An
owl wbo had observed the proceedings
asked tbe fox:
"But where do you come Into this
thing, Mr. Reynard V'
"Oh, I take my share In natural phil
osophy," replied the fox. "Firstly, that
chicken was killed and placed here for
an object Secondly, the body was
poisoned; and, thirdly, there go those
jackals tumbling about and making
their last kicks.
MORAL: '
"And I may say further,6 observed
Reynard, as he scratched his ear with
his paw, "that when you are offered
something for nothing if s a good Idea
to let somebody else sample it first"
New. York Sun.
A Teat at Amiability. ' "
"Ordinarily," said Col. Still well. "I
object to the conundrum. I regard It
as a primitive form of humor. I also
resent these constant gibes at tbe State
of Kentucky. They represent both de
ficiency of taste and poverty of re
source. Put Just to show," he contin
ued deliberately, "that I am a broad
minded man who can accept a joke
amiably I will ask you a question:
Wba, Is the difference between tbe
State of Massachusetts ; and Ken
tucky r ;
"Give It up, Colonel."
Massachusetts produces boots and
shoes and Kentucky produces shoots
and booze. And I want to say I'm
glad I thought of It first for If anybody
else had sprting a remark like that on
me unexpectedly I wouldn't care to an
swer for the consequences." Washing
ton Star.
la Command for Once.
A man-o'-war was lying off Gibraltar,
and permission was given to the men '
to go ashore for the day. The sailors
amused themselves In various ways
among others by riding aboul on don
keys, and their want of experience In
this line caused much amusement An
officer observing one of tbe men sittlnjr
back very far on the animal called out: '
"I say, BI1L get up more amidships!"
With an Injured air be replied: m
"WelL air, this is the first craft I
have ever commanded lit my life, and
It's bard Indeed If I can't ride on the
quarter deck If I like." Answer.
Mrs. Nugget What a fin piece of
cloth! How much did you pay for that?
Mrs. Mines Only S88.99 a yard. I call
that a bargain, doa't yofi r Fuck.
WHEN WOMEN VOTED.
Privilege Kxtended to Unmarried Own
ere of Property. '
Kentucky, which In 1845 made Voters
of widows and spinsters who were
holders of real estate, only followed
the footsteps of Maryland, which had
dona the same thing thirty years be
fore. I have not the authorities at
band which would enable me to' give
exact dates, but about tbe year 1820
unmarried women who were holders of
real -estate to a given amount were en
titled to vote, and did very generally
exercise the right or franchise. .
In colonial days the . States of the
South generally made the ownership
of property a requisite to the exercise
of the right of franchise, while , the
New England colonies generally made
church membership a-necessary quali
fication of the voter. Following the
Idea that only property holders should
vote. It was a natural step to conclude
that all property holders should vote.!
Maryland, therefore, decided that
where the ownership of property was
vested in a woman who bad not .a hus
band to represent her she should be a
voter. . " .
I have many times heard my grand-'
mother tell of voting during tbe days
of her widowhood and describe tbe
manner of exercising the franchise In
those days. There was but one voting
.place In the county, and all electors
were required to go to the county town
to cast their votes. She lived In the
J county of Talbot, and the voting pkee
fOP the entire county was Easton. the
county seat There was no casting of
1 ballot nor was tbe system like the
viva voce vote -which prevailed In Ken
tucky until a. few years ago. But the
candidates for office sat in tbe election
room, and each voter 'was expected to
look them over and select one for
whom be or she desired" to vote, and
tbe clerks made a record of the decis
ion. Candidates for State offices were
expected . to have representatives in
each county. These were leading peo1'
pie of the party to which tbe candidate
belonged, and each one was expected
to be well qualified to discuss the mer
its of the candidate he represented. In
those days the elections lasted four
days In order to give ample time for
every one to get to the voting place.
Some time late in the '40s tbe spirit of
progress required a sweeping away of
tbe barriers nvhich the property quali
fication bad set up, and a constitutional
convention decided In favor of giving
the ballot to every white male voter
who bad reached the age of 21 years.
As the right of, a woman to vote was
based on the Idea of property qualifica
tion, when that was swept away she
lost the ballot
I merely recall tht fact to show that
Maryland, which waa the first colony to
guarantee religious liberty to all her
people, and which took the first steps
toward securing the present Constitu
tion of the United States, was also the
first to give the ballot to woman. Bos
ton Transcript
ARCHBISHOP HENNESSY.
The Deceased EminentCathollcChttrcsv
: man of Iowa.
The third Catholic bishop and the
first archbishop of Dubuque is dead
John Hennessy. He waa 75 years old.
The archbishop was born in Limer
ick, Ireland, In 1825. Twenty-two years
later he came to America and began
his studies for the priesthood In Caron-
jelet Seminary near St Louis and boly
arders waa conferred upon him three
years later. His first mission wag at
New Madrid and Gravols, Mo. His field
covered 6,000 miles of territory without
a railroad and he-endured countless
privations In trying to cover It to min
ister to-the scattered Catholics of his
parish. In 1854 he became professor of
dogmatic history at Carondelet and la
185T ; its president In 1800 he was
made pastor of St Joseph's Church at.
Bt Joseph, Mo, and left It In 1866 to-
be consecrated bishop of Dubuque. In
1803 he was -chosen archbishop" of the
province of wbich Dubuque Is the ec
clesiastical see.
His zeal In Catholic education made
him distinguished. During bis priest
hood hundreds of structures were erect
ed to develop Catholic instruction and
forward Catholic Influence. But It Is as
a theologian, orator and thinker that be
will be best remembered. His erudition
and oratory placed bim alongside of
the greatest churchmen of the country.
And It was f source of Inexpressible
pleasure to see his labors so abundantly
rewarded. When he first went to Iowa
the Catholic population was very small.
Largely to his energy it grew rapidly
and from a few thousands spread until
to-day Its membership exceeds 800,000
In the State.
Substitutes for Perfume.
Tbe various devices adopted to serve
as a substitute for liquid perfume has
never been entirely satisfactory when
It comes to the necessity of Imparting
an enduring scent to a gown. The lit
tle sliver hearts, perforated and con
taining the solid pellets of perfume,
were rather ornamental than useful,
even when there were no substitutes
for them. Tbey are still In use and
dropped Into tbe deepeat recesses of the
corsage, exude a faint and not very -enduring
perfume. Most of the Paris
dressmakers put Into convenient places
in a gown the small bags of sachet
powder of the scent affected by the
wearer. -Nearly every woman, who
makes an effort to keep up with these
novelties In daintiness,, has ber set. of
little sachet bags to be worn In tbe
corsage, even if she does not have them
sewed la every dress.
Bolt
The pilgrim did. not conceal tbe com
passion he felt
I "How," be exclaimed, "do you man
age to wring a living from such a poor
SOU?" , - - -V; '.v
"Oh, our soil makes, an excellent
: sandbag!" protested the dark,' sinister
( Inhabitant, regarding the other narrow
J 1. Detroit Journal -
'' BISHOP HBKKBSST.
"What Is your opinion about the
Boer-Brlttab war?" "Well so far as I
have studied It. It seems to ba war."
Detroit Free Press.
Biggs I bate to bear that Miss Jonea
attempt to sing. It sounds to me like
screeching. Baggs Yes. I've noticed
that ber voice Is bawl bearing.
Papa (after tbe company has goner
Dorothy, why did you not obey ma
when 1 spoke to you? ' Dorothy Obi
papa. I hated to before all those people.
Truth.
"Heard tbe news? Ladysmlth. baa
been relieved." "Eh Charged .wit,
shoplifting, was she? Well these bar
gain counter sales are very demoraliz
ing." A woman generally keeps ber Ideals .
till she makes up ber mind that aba
doesn't want to w.it till she gets to
heaven to get married. New York
Press.
"What paper do you taker "It de
pends a little on which way tbe wind
blows. Sometimes I take Brown's;
sometimes I get Smith's." Cleveland
Plain-Dealer.
"How 1t It that Dr. N. has so many
patients?" "Oh, his wife gives a din
ner every month and tbe people wbo
get dyspepsia there keep him busy."
Heltere Welt
Visitor (looking at portraits) What a
lot of ancestors you've got! Porken
chopps That's dead right! I don't
want so many, but Sarah she' Insisted.
Brooklyn Life.
"Is Brown happy In bis marriage?"
"Well, I think if Brown were to see
Mrs. Brown to-day for tbe first time
be wouldn't even ask for an introduo -tlon."
Harlem Life.
Ethel (to her younger brother, who
had been whipped) Don't mind, broth
er, don't mind. Brother (between the
obs) That's Just what I waa licked
for. Ohio State Journal.
Cholly Your papa kicked me ont
when 1 asked blni for your hand. Miss
Gabby Papa Is so Intense. He puts his
whole sole Into everything be under
takes. Baltimore American.
' Doting mamma Rodney, dear, to
morrow Is your birthday. What would
yon like best? Rodney, dear (after a
brief season of cogitation) I think I ,
should like to see the school bouse burn
down. Melbourne Times.
"I think," said the friend of the fam
ily, "that you ought to keep a watch
on your son." "Impossible," declared
tbe dlsgjsted father. "He'd exchange
It for a pawn ticket the first chance bo
got" Philadelphia Press.
"Mary," said the mother, "I don't llko
that young man 'who la calling upon
you. He Is flighty, fidgety and does not
seem to stay long anywhere." "Tea, .
be does, ma. He was here from 7:30
till after midnight last night"
Nlblack It's hardly right to judge a
man by his clothes. Krusty That's
true. There are any number of men
wearing golf suits to-day wbo have too
much good sense to ever play the game.
Catholic Standard and Times.
"I don't understand my wife a .bit
better than I did ten years ago." Then
you consider marriage a failure?" "No,
Indeed; I went into It fully determined
not to wear myself out trying to under
itand her." Indianapolis Journal.
"I want' you to prescribe for my wife. .
doctor." ' "Whafs , the matter . with '
ber?" "1 don't know,' but I'm - sure
there Is something; she went shopping:
yesterday and brought home part of
the money I gave her." Harper's Ba-
sar. -:.-'." V
"How are conditions In your part of
the State?" "All right" answered the
Kentucky mountaineer. "The danger's
all over. We were powerful scared for
a while, but I don't reckon there's any
chance of an ammunition famine now."
Washington Star.
"What's the matter with Rasblelgb?"
"Absent-mindedness, thaf s alt" "Non
sense! Tbe man's cut and bruised
frightfully!" "Yes. He tried to stop a '
runaway automobile by Jumping hi
front of It and waving his coat at it"
Philadelphia Press.
"Are there only one pie for dinner.
mamma?" asked little Sammy Snaggs,
anxiously. "Sammy," said Mrs. Snagga,
'you abould not say 'Are there only
one? You should say is' for one and .'
'are' for more than one." "Yes'm. Ara
there more than one pie for dinner?"
Pittsburg Chronicle-Telegraph.
"Whr.t time will you be home, dear?"
asked the -young wife as ber husband
started down town after breakfast"
"Oh, about 1 t mM I guess," waa tb
reply, "You mean 1 p. m., don't you?"
she asked. "No," replied the heartless
wretch, "I mean Just what I said 1 t
m. to-morrow; see?" Chicago News.
Mrs. Ram bo (on the Inside-' of tbe .
front door) Absalom,, you have been
drinking again! Mr. ltanibo (on the
outside) No, m dear, I Mrs. Ram-
bo Say "Prompt payments patiently
pursued produce . prosierlty." Mr.
Uambo Prompt payments patiently,
prosued pos Mrs. Rambo Absalom,
you can go up to your room, by way of -the
back door. Memphis Commercial
Appeal. ;
Freddie (whose pa Is a strict discip
linarian) Ma, can you have a man ar
rested If you think he's going to kill.
you? Ma Certainly, my son. Freddie
Then I'm going to git out a warrant
for pa. Ma You shock me, Freddie.
What reason could you possibly have
for any such action against your fath
er? Freddie Why, I heard blm tell,
the lumberman this morning to bring
him a cartload of shingles. Richmond
Dispatch.
Moat Remarkable Convent,
A moat remarkable convent Is to bo
found In the catacombs of the Russian
cathedral at Kiev. Deep down beneath
the magnificent cathedral are miles of
subterranean corridors lined with cells.
In which 1,500 ascetics perform their
daily devotion and duties, live, eat and
sleep In the grim company of their dead
predecessors.
Vacation Arrangements.
"I can tell a woman's age. by know
ing what she takes to the seaside la
her trunk."
"How do you tell?"
"Well, if she's under 30 she takes
more clothes than books; If she's over
80 she takes more books than clothes."
Art In Dress. : ,
We don't like the word "shrinking"
applied to a woman; It always reminds ,
as of a flannel shirt that goes into the
wash too big, and comes out too little.
There la some wonder that a particu
larly good brand of cigars Is not named
the "Don't Worry."
; No one cares where the files go to la
winter, but lota of people would like
for them to go there in summer, ,
(
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