Union gazette., March 16, 1900, Image 4

HELIOGRAPH IN WAR.
MESSAGES 8ENT BY A SYSTEM
OF SUN FLASHING.
Little Instrument of Ancient Invention
Has Played an Important Fart in tbe
- South African War Used by General
Miles in Indian Campaign.
The heliotrope, or heliograph, has
played an Important part In the South
African war. With this little Instru
ment the light of the sun Is used to con
vey Intelligence to points far distant.
Communication between places many
mtles apart can be set up by Its use.
The mirror used has a email eyehole
cut Into the quicksilver, through which
the distant station Is located. The mir
ror disk Is turned by means of a Morse
key, and in answering the key a dot or
a dash. In the way of a long or short
U. 8. IBHf HELIOGBAFH CORPS,
flash, la sent out . These flashes are
read by the person at the receiving end
with the ease of a telegraph operator
taking a message. The heliograph was
Invented In 1821 by Gauss, who used It
as a signal In the measurement of an
gles. The longer the line the larger
must be the disk. The longest line thus
far observed la 192 miles, which was
observed In California, and required a
mirror of seventy-seven square inches
In area. Ordinary heliotropes used on
lines less than fifty miles in length are
only about two square inches In area.
For its successful operation clear at
mosphere is necessary. Two hours be
fore sunset is the most favorable time.
The military value of the hellographic
method of transmitting . information
may be readily imagined. Its first ad
vantage la Its extreme simplicity. It
does not necessitate the keeping open of
lines of communication, there are no
wires to protect, no batteries- to look
USE OF THE HELIOGRAPH IN SOUTH AFRICA.
af tea. and no burdensome apparatus to
carryVaboakifc - r '
' The Indiana of America, like tbe old
warriors of the Scotch highlands, real
ized the importance of signal fires In
war time and made use of a code of fire
flashes; but it was not until 1822 that
Colonel Colby of the British Royal en
gineers devised a more adequate system
for transmitting messages . by sun
flashes. His method of doing this was
by nailing a certain number of pieces
of bright tin on poles and exposing
them to the sun's rays. Some time
later this was improved on by the adop
tion of a plain mirror. In 1833 an En
glish officer at Gibraltar used an ordi
nary looking glass to reflect flashes
across the strait to Tangier, thereby
carrying on a long distance conversa
tion with other English officers in Af
rica, ' This mirror system was experiment
ed with and Improved upon until the
year 1878, when the United States gov
ernment purchased the latest models
and began the instruction of a special
signal corps, in hellography. The mili
tary value of such sun writing was well
known when. In 1886, General Miles
began his Indian campaign against
Geronlmo. If. the truth were only
known. It was the heliograph more
than anything else that led to the round.
Ing up and capture of the famous,
blood-drinking red man. One can Im
agine the surprise of tbe Indians when
they found that they could not move
without the fact being known to the
Americans and the movement myste
riously anticipated. Signal parties, in
fact, were flashing hourly information
from mountain peak to mountain peak,
and the Indian warrior's headquarters
were always known at Miles' camp.
Through the use of the heliograph
Geronlmo was kept away from water
by rapidly stationed and mobile bands
of troops and was finally parched into
submission.
i The English army had already been
making use of the heliograph in Af
ghanistan, and during the Boer war of
twenty years made effective use of the
Mance hellographic apparatus. The
great service this means of communica
tion has been to the different British
commanders besieged by the Boers in
the present South African was Is very
well known.
1 The field heliograph apparatus, as
used to-day, consists of a sole leather
pouch containing a .sun mirror and a
station mirror, a small screen or shut
ter, a sighting rod and two small tripod
stands for the mirrors. The entire ap
paratus does not weigh over ten pounds
and can easily be carried over tbe arm.
When the air is clear, signals may be
easily taken by the naked eye at a dis
tance of 100 miles, and by an expert
at tbe rate of fifteen words a minute.
HIS IDEAL WOMAN.
Not So Much of an Ansel aa a Sympa
thetic, All-Fora-ivina- Unman.
"Man has a number of fixed, old
fashioned notions about tbe Ideal wom
an which are quite apart from ques
tions of complexion and dress." writes
Carrie E. Garrett in the Woman's
Home Companion.
"The sober truth is that while men
may seek diversion with the more
showy, flippant type of girl, and are
sften caught by mere glitter, they have
in Ideal far, far above this cheap type
which is imperishable. A man does not
picture a completely limp and charac
terless creature as his soul's Ideal, how
ever 'sweet Yet the woman as she
appears in his dreams is not too clever.
It is a pleasure to him to be a little
superior to his mate to be looked up
to' and aa the true woman desires to
look up,' It h dear that Nature's ar
rangements In these matters are hot
without design. The most charming
nt nil la she who has the con
summate wit to seem to look up when
really sne stanas on a icvei win! me
man who loves her, or perchance a Ut
tls shove him.
"One thing imperatively demanded
the make-un of the Ideal woman.
I In
. Is
sympathy that all-dlvinlng, all-forglv-ing
quality which makes the whole
world akin. Sympathy is one of the
prime factors of charm. So is humor.
A man Is fearfully lonesome when his
wife cannot see bis jokes. She could
hardly offer him a more deadly affront
than to laugh In the wrong place at
one of his pet stories. The ideal wom
an is religious has the wise, sweet,
old-fashioned notions about right and
wrong. A man is quite capable of
making merry over his wife's scruples
of conscience, but I think be would be
rather disappointed if she had no scru
plesIf In his worldly way she was
guided chiefly by expedience. He may
not say many prayers himself, but he
likes to know that his children pray at
their mother's knee. Perhaps he some
times reflects that the nightly petition
from Innocent Hps. God bless father.'
may not be quite empty of meaning."
How a Duke Earned Sixpence.
How the Duke of Norfolk, one of the
richest of England's peers, earned his
first sixpence is related by his friends
with a great deal of gusto.
A few years ago a large English
party headed by the Duke went on a
continental tour. Tbe Duke busied him
self very much on the journey In a
kind-hearted way about the welfare of
everyone In the party. At every sta
tion he used to get out and go round to
see if he could do anything for anyone.
One old lady, who, did not know him
when she arrived at last In Rome,
tired and hot, found great difficulty in
getting a porter. So she seized on the
Duke. "Now, my good man," she said.
"I've noticed you at all these stations
loafing about. Just make yourself for
once in your life. Take my Dag and find
me a cab." Tbe Duke mildly did as he
was bid and was rewarded with a' six
pence. "Thank you, madam," he said;
"I shall prize this Indeed! It Is the first
coin I have ever earned in my life."
Useful Caterpillars. .;.
It Is now said that tbe cocoon of the
tent caterpillar can be carded, if not
reeled. The tent caterpillar Is the great
pest of tbe apple tree, and it may be
that the apple tree will take the place,
of the mulberry tree as food for the
silk worms. It Is estimated that an
average tree will support ten or twelve
tents of caterpillars, yielding 3,000
makers of silk, and representing a
yield of three pounds of silk, worth $1
per pound. It is further said that with
proper appliances attached to tbe
trunks of the trees for tbe worms to
spin their cocoons In, not much time
would be expended In gathering the
product, which would equal the apple
proceeds of a tree at 75 cents a barrel.
However, the worm might be improved
so as to produce a finer grade of silk,
and In the end the result would be that
the silk would be more 'profitable than
the apple.
Haw Far Noises Travel.
When the alkali works at St Helens.
England, were blown up by the explo
sion of eighty tons of chlorate of pot
ash, the noise was heard at Marple,
twenty-eight miles away. At the battle
of Corunna 1,500 barrels of gunpowder
blew up, causing the ground to rock for
miles. The blast at Hell Gate, New
York, 130 tons of dynamite, was per
ceived 183 miles away by the vibrations
of mercury. The shock of the dyna
mite explosion, fifty tons, at Johannes
burg was felt at Pretoria, thirty-three
miles distant Tbe naval magazine of
Lagouban, Toulon, was heard at Nice,
eighty-four miles distant and even at
Ventlmiglia, In Italy, 100 miles distant
The country for a radius of nearly two
miles was blown bare, houses knocked
to pieces and trees uprooted or bent
into fantastic shapes.
Paid Duty on a Mouse,
Uncle Sam is a stern stickler for form
and the amount of red tape employed hi
the custom house Is really remarkable.
It was demonstrated tbe other day that
not even a tiny mouse can creep into
our domains from foreign shores with
out paying duty. A gentleman return
ing from Europe brought with him to
Philadelphia a pet white mouse, of
which be had grown very fond. ," His
"mouselets" was assessed at 20 per
cent, which so enraged the owner that
he vigorously protested. This case was
appealed and, the board of classifica
tion of gene" appraisers, after mature
deliberation- it solemn conclave, hand
ed down a decision in which the protest
was overruled. -
Qaeen Victoria's Three Crowns.
Queen Victoria has three crowns,
none of which is used except on extra
ordinary occasions. The crown which
she wore in the last grand reception
weighs eight ounces. It is of pure gold
and set with 2,673 diamonds and with
523 rubles. The other two crowns are
simple bands of gold, each set with
gorgeous jewels. It is one of these lat
ter crowns which Is worn when the
Queen opens PUarliament When she
appears in the House of Lords the large
crown Is taken from Its place among
tbe crown Jewels In the tower of Lon
don and borne on a velvet cushion
ahead of the Queen.
Domination of Latin Races.
One leading result of the struggle for
supremacy among the Western nations
has been the gradual ascendency of the
Anglican, Teutonic and Scandinavian
over the Latin races.
Dublin an Unhealthy City.
Dublin has the unhappy prominence
of being at present the most unhealthy
city in tbe United Kingdom.
Our Idea of bravery and unexampled
heroism is for a poor preacher to differ
in opinion with tbe most generous con
tributor of his flock.
A bachelor says that marriage and
tbe colic both double people up, but
1 fortunately, the colic la only temporary.
GREAT DREAM OF THE FRENCH NATION.
, WARSHIPS WILL BE WHIRLED
fTpO CONNECT the Atlantic with
the Mediterranean by a ship canal
Ja capable of floating a modern man
of war is the dream of . the French, na
tion. It is proposed to .take advantage
of the present waterways in the interior
of France, and by deepening and supple
menting them by others, fit them to the
purpose.
Contrary to what wonld seem the nat
ural Atlantic terminus,' says a - corre
spondent of tbe New York Press, it is
proposed to neglect Bordeaux in favor
of what will be practically a new port
Arcachon, with its great natural basin;
lends itself ideally to the kind of fortifi
cation that would be demanded by a ca
nal that Would, by the fact of its exist
ence, come to be the central strategic
feature of the country. : Arcachon, when
the canal is finished, will be the Brest of
to-day, a hundred times magnified. Bor
deaux, that could never be made to give
the necessary ease and security to a war
fleet will remain tbe great commercial
port it is. , . -
-Another advantage of the canal as
planned by the effervescent Gaul will be
to furnish work for years to the French
workingman, to the calming of the labor
ing mind and. tbe security of tbe republic,
the calculations being for a permanent
force of 30,000 laborers.
At the beginning it was seen that ordi
nary locks would not serve; with them
the passage would reqnire at least six
days. One way of diminishing their
number it is. estimated that 200 would
be necessary would be the old-fashioned
plan of keeping the canal to the low alti
tudes of the plains and then, affiving at
the Col de Nauronze. to pass through it
in a giant cut It would be a cut 500
feet deep.. To avoid the necessity of this
WEBSTER DAVIS,
Assistant Secretary of the Interior
Began Life as a Shoemaker.
The career of Webster Davis, assist
ant secretary of tbe interior,' whose
visit to South Africa and to Oom Paul
occasioned considerable comment, is
In .many respects . a remarkable ; one.
He began life as a shoemaker's son in
Gallatin, Mo., and bis father was bare
ly able to give him tbe education which
tbe town ... schools afforded. .Young
Davis. however, pushed on, took : a
course In the poor boys' school at Fark
vllle, where he received tbe idea that
he was cut out for the ministry. He
found his way finally to a religious
seminary near Chicago, and there, be
said afterward, be discovered that tbe
more he learned tbe farther he got
away from the idea. So he went back
to his father and set to work at the
cobbler's stool. H1b dislike for the
trade did not escape the attention of
bis father. One day he made a. bad
job of a pair of shoes,, which came to
the notice of Judge McDouglass, of
Kansas City. "Send him over to my
office," said the Judge. ?He is certain
ly a poor shoemaker, but he may make
a good lawyer."' ' That was the begin
ning of his. climb to the official posi
tion, which he left to go to South Af
rica. From the beginning he attracted
the attention of rich and Influential
men and tbey started him for the law
school at Ann Arbor, where he com
pleted his course.
Upon his return as a full-fledged law-
yer, Maj. Warner, one of his patrons,
found a place in the office of the sur
veyor of the port in Kansas City. There
he was thrown Into contact with poli
ticians and started on this bent of bis
career. He bad a command of lan
guage and a fluency which made him
what they were pleased to call "a won
derful orator," and he came quickly
Into demand as a stump speaker. Maj.
Warner becoming a candidate for Gov
ernor in 1892, Mr. Davis took to tbe
field and went up and down the State,
and, through Warner's influence, he
himself secured the nomination for
Congress. Both went down to defeat,
but Mr. Davis had won fame through
out tbe State which was to help him in
the future.
The campaign over, be Went to Col
orado, thence to Chicago. He returned
to Kansas City on the eve of a mayor
alty campaign,' and, since no one else
cared to run, Mr. Davis was easily per
suaded to make the race. Mr. Davis
won, to everybody's surprise. Includ
ing his own. He inaugurated an ag
gressive policy, began the building of
an extensive park system, but went out
of office retaining only sufficient popu
larity to name bis successor, "Jimmy"
Jones.
In this campaign. In which he worked
as he had for himself, he was charged
with perpetrating "fakes" to win votes.
One night be appeared before a polit
ical meeting and declared that an at
tempt had been made to assassinate
bim as be was leaving. . the bouse.
Whereupon he exhibited his hat rid
dled with bullets. The newspapers took
It up and said he had done it himself.
They secured statements from doctors
to prove that be would have been shot
to death, and all he could do was to
' . WKBSTIB DAVIS.
THROUGH FRANCE WHEN THE GAUL'S LAST DREAM IS FULFILLED.
A GREAT: SHIP ELEVATOR.
almost impossible engineering feat, they
have imagined a prodigious novelty, the
ship elevator and the moving Jock. ? .
The ship elevator is a great metallic
reservoir that moves up and down hill on
a great number of railway 'tracks, oper
ated much after the manner of a funicu
lar. There will be one at the top of the
slope, another at the bottom. Each will
receive a ship. The weight of the light
est Will be balanced by the addition of
more water. Then, the equilibrium being
attained, a comparatively moderate force
will be sufficient to disturb It Up will
deny the charges. This episode further
diminished his popularity... The repu
tation of Mr. Davis as an orator 'had
spread Into the national field, and be
was engaged to stump Missouri for Mr.
McKinley. Upon the election of- th
President Mr. Davis bad come to Ut
called "the administration orator.
Following tbe election there came a
period of inactivity for the orator until
1897, when, under Secretary Biiss, he
was made assistant secretary of the
Interior. During all bis career it ' has
been admitted on all sides . that bis
claim to attention is his ability to bold
large audiences. ' He Is emotional, tear
ful, but bis speeches do not read so
welL
VIVID FLASH OF LIGHTNING
Peculiarities of the Thunderstorms
that Visit South Africa.
A very few days after my arrival at
Maritzburg at tbe end of 1875.1 was
standing one afternoon In the shade of
my little house on a hill, anxlotasly
watching the picturesque arrival of an
ox wagon laden with my boxes. It was
In tbe very early summer, and the exi
gencies of settling In left me no time
to worry about the thunderstorms; of
which, of course, I bad often heard. A
more serene and brilliant afternoon
could not be Imagined, and It, was not
even hot at all events, out of the sun.
My two small boys, as usual, trotted
after me like dogs, and clamored to
assist at the arrival of tbe wagon; so
I lifted the little one up in my arms
and stood there, with the elder boy
clinging to my skirts. Suddenly, out
of the blue unclouded sky. out of the
blaze of golden sunshine, came a flash
and a crash which seemed as if it must
be the crack of doom. No words at my
command can give any idea of the- in
tolerabtj blinding glare of the light
which seemed to wrap us round,, or of
the rending .sound, as if the universe
were torn asunder. '.
I suppose I flung myself on - the
ground, because I was crouching tnere,
holding the little boys beneath me with
some sort of protective instinct, when
In a second or two of time it had all
passed, for I heard only a slight and
distant rumble. I do not believe the
sun had ceased shining for an Instant,
though its light had seemed to be ex
tinguished by that blaze of fire. Never
can I forget my amazement, an amaze
ment "which even preceded ' my . deep
thankfulness at finding we were, abso
lutely unhurt the fearless llttlefcoys
only Inquiring. "What was that, mam
my?" " There had been no time for their
rosy cheeks even to pale. I wonder
what color I was? I looked at the lit
tle, storehouse with astonishment to
find it still there, for I bad expected to
see nothing but a heap of ruins. Nay,
it seemed miraculous that tbe hills all
around should still be standing. Lady
Broome, in the Cornhill Magazine."?; -
TREATING BRONCHITIS.
Medicament Introduced Into the Orifice
of the Tracheal Conduit. .
Dr. Mendel, of Paris, recently sent to
tbe French Academy of Medicine a
most interesting communication on the
subject of a new treatment of diseases
of the bronchial tubes and of tbe chest
says the European edition of the New
York Herald. Hitherto these maladies
have been treated by means of medi
cines absorbed by tbe stomach. The
originality of Dr. Mendel's treatment
consists in tbe Introduction of tbe
medicaments directly into the respira
tory passages.
As the illustration shows, the physi
cian uses a syringe with a curved tube,
and introduces the point Into the orifice
of the tracheal conduit by which air
enters Into the chest Tbe medicament
used descends the conduit without pro
ducing the slightest disagreeable sensa
tion. The patient feels a mild warmth
diffuse Itself in the chest and breathes
more freely for some hours. j
The medicaments thus Introduced (oil
containing in solution vegetable. . es
sences) are volatile and kill the mi
crobes. As soon as they are projected
into the chest they evaporate, saturate
the air breathed and fill the lungs. AThua
Aj
go one reservoir, and down .he other.
Nothing could be simpler.
When ordinary locks are to be used
the same principle of metallic basins bal
ancing each other, side by side, is to be
exploited, for,, the sake of expedition.
They are io be such locks as the world
has never seen. Once through them and
into the Aude river, it will be plain tow
ing straight to Narbonne, which is almost
on the Mediterranean. - Here is another
naturally -protected port, like Arcachon. a
great basin, - impenetrable by a hostile
fleet . , - r .
Is established an Inhalation of an ex
ceptional intensity, because tbe center
of -inhalation. Instead of being outside.
Is in the midst of the respiratory or
;ane. ; At the end of a few hours the
nedlcament injected is absorbed, enters
he blood, and leaves tbe system by tbe
ungs, Influencing them for tbe second
time.
. M. Mendel continues these Injections
daily for a month at least The daily
dose is ten cubic centimeters. He has
tried the treatment on fifty patients, of
whom forty-five were tuberculous and
the rest non-tuberculous (bronchitis,
asthma and pulmonary . congestion),
and obtained numerous as well as last
ing successes In the form of the cessa
tion of coughing and expectoration, the
return of appetite, sleep and strength,
and an Increase in weight.
What Is especially curious and upsets
many Ideas Is the perfect suomlsslon ot
the throat and chest to the injections,
which are by no means unpleasant, and
never bring on coughing. Another ad
vantage is that patients are not com
pelled to take medicines that upset the
stomach. They maintain their appetite
and the good working of the digestive
organs. .......
INDIAN JACK.
Last of the Soyal Filchncks Lives Near
Snohomish, Wash.
Near Snohomish. Wash., lives "In
dian Jack" in calm content When he
dies tbe Pilcbuck Tribe will be extinct
but be watches the passing of day af
ter "day without a sigh of regret for
the past glories of bis race or the firm
leadership he once held over bis people.
He bears no hatred for tbe white men,
but, on the contrary, has taken a deep
interest in their affairs, and his keen
speeches have often helped to turn tbe
tide of public events. In his old age
he has found tbe philosopher's stone of
true happiness. "I am the most con
tented of men," he said recently, "be
cause I long ago made up my mind it
was 'no use crying for spilt milk,' as
you white men say." That Is the phil
osophy which has allowed him to be
come old. He never worries.
Vast Possibilities of Russia.
Should Russia ultimately succeed in
her scheme for dominating Asia she
will become mistress of some 800,000,
000 people.
Some people amount to so little that
other people refuse to gossip about
them.
Every one who owns a dog boasts
that his dog knows more than most
grown persons.
Almost every one. In his ambitions,
overworks the word "it,"
TREATING BRONCHITIS.
'
LAST or THE BOTAL PILCHUCKB.
A cobra that measured somewhat
over seven and one-half feet, taken at
Jaffna, Ceylon, Is stated to be by far the
largest ever recorded.
A French naturalist asserts that If
the world should become blrdless, man
would not Inhabit It after nine years'
time. In spite of all tbe sprays and pois
ons that could be manufactured for the
destruction of insects. The bugs and
slugs would simply eat up all the
orchards and crops In that time.
Eyestoues are the opercula or small
lenticular footdoor of a small marine
shell, family Turblnidae. They are a
calcareous body. The removal of for
eign substances was performed by
placing one In the Inner corner of the
eye and allowing it to pass across the
eyeball, under the lid. bringing the for
eign substance with it.
In France a system. Invented by Mon
sieur Dubois, la used to preserve tele
graph poles from rotting. The bottom
of the pole up to. and a little above, the
surface of the ground Is Incased In an
earthenware pipe. The space between
the pipe, and the pole Is filled with a
mixture of sand and resin, which, on
solidifying, becomes waterproof.
Prof. Spring reports on-ts experi
ments of many years to "explain the
color of the water. He has come to tbe
conclusion that a pure blue Is the nat
ural color of water,- for when we look
through a long tube filled with distilled
water against a brilliant white surface,
a pure blue is seen, such as shown by
the Lake of Geneva In quiet weather, a
color which Is not Influenced by super
ficial or Interior reflection. :
A writer in tbe Contemporary Review
urges the need of a new class of edu
cated physicians whose business shall
be the care and cure of disease-threatened
and disease-jstrlcken plants. "The
time will come." he says, "when every
agricultural district will have its plant
doctor." He even foresees the devel
opment of specialties by plant doctors
just as by other physicians, so that In
many difficult and obscure cases of dis
ease affecting valuable plants, tbe ser
vices of such specialists will ' be em
ployed. Tbe foundation of schools of
practical plant pathology Is urged as a
matter of national Importance.
: It has been noticed that many plants,
not natives of the locality, are 'to be
found growing in: the neighborhood of
great railroad yards. Sometimes the
seeds of these plants' have been brought
thousands of miles from their natural
habitat Often tbey. flourish amid their
new . surroundings, and gradually
spread over the surrounding country.
Thus the railroads 'carry unsuspected
emigrants, which travel to. and from
every point of tbe. compass. In the
Mississippi Valley are to be found
plants which, within a few years past
have-been thus brought thither, some
from the Atlantic seaboard, some from
the Gulf region, and some from the oth
er side of tbe Rocky Mountains.
Payta, In Peru, about five degrees
south of the equator, has tbe. reputa
tion, according to Prof. D. G. Falrcbild,
of being the dryest spot on the globe.
On tbe average, a shower of rain occurs
at Payta only once In two years. But
the interval between showers is often
much longer. . In February last, when
Prof. Fairchlld visited the place, the
first rain fallen In eight years had just
wetted the thirsty Soil, having lasted
from 10 p, m. until the following noon.
Yet in that arid climate seven species of
annual plants manage to exist, and the
natives earn a livelihood by growing a
species of cotton whose long roots find
moisture In the bed of a drled-up river.
This cotton is readily marketed. The
:oast at Payta has risen forty feet with
in historic times.
THE WOMEN OF SPAIN.
Interesting; Statistic as to Their Social
and Intellectual Condition.
A great deal has -been written about
Spanish men, but I think one may find
a truer key to Spanish character by
taking a glimpse of the misery of tb
Spanish women. I doubt If the Spanish
woman is any better off than the Turk
ish woman, and while American wom
en are not clamoring for a conflict, the
fact remains that the taking of Spain
from tbe European geography might
prlve a great, step In advance for the
women of that land.
It appears from an official document
which came my way the other day that
but 2.030,615 Spanish women can read
or write. This fraction Is almost as big
as the male army that knows Its own
language. It Is a pitiful showing, but
It Is only the beginning of the table of
female-wretchedness. The municipali
ties list 51,946 professional beggars who
wear petticoats. Then there are 828,
531 women who earn their living by
working in the farm fields. There are
319,590 women rated as day servants,
who get but little more than board and
shelter for their work, and in all the
dying dynasty there are but 719,000
girls In the schools of any kind, public
or private. There are twice as many
female mendicants as male. The cen
sus shows that 6,7G4,406 women have
neither professions nor trades, and are
altogether dependent upon cnarity. the
possibility of getting married or hard
labor at starvation wages. ;
The same lamentable condition -of the
Spanish woman is shown by a glance
at another -side of her life. , The king
dom has but seventy-four women
classed as literary writers. There are
but seventy-eight women physicians In
the mother country and all tbe prov
inces. The women school teachers
number only 14,490, as compared with
24,612 men, but this does not Include
tbe nuns, who are classed by them
selves, and number 28,549.
Spanish women who are fortunate
live in tbe most magnificent homes and
seem never to bother their heads about
the poorer sisters at their doors. Tbe
favorite resort for tbe grande senoras
Is San Sebastian, and tbe lives the care
less Spanish women of fashion lead
there during tbe summer Is said to be
a scandal over all Europe. There Is
scarcely a pretense at propriety or even
ordinary conventionality. As In France,
a majority of the young girls of the
best families are educated In the con
vents. Their greatest accomplishment
is embroidery, and they sit and sit and
sit at their knitting until some man
from an ancient and bankrupt house or
a' bull-raising plantation comes along
and marries them. Club life is un
known. - Marriages are celebrated very
early In life, and but few people who
jget weary of these early alliances ever
go to the, trouble and formality of get
It Ing a dlVorce. The unhappy couples
pimply divide up the household things
Ana live iue uaiaiico oi meir uvea me
L. . . .
(Dest way mey can.
' Spanish women, so .1 have found, have
very little outdoor amusement The
bicycle Is just beginning to be admitted,
but under protest The young women
love their queen next to pretty frocks
and 'glittering fans and bright ribbons.
They flock te the cruel shows la the
bull rings and laugh and cheer at the
horrible spectacles. They show no more
pity than an American girl bestows up
on the dashing hardships which tbe
average tennis player or tbe golfer un
dergoes when he performs In a broiling
sun to amuse her. Chicago Times
NEW CRIMES.
Tapping; a Telegraph Wire or Stealing
ina; a Lamp.
The theft of a lamp is larceny; it may
be a Roman lamp or a Greek lamp, an
oil lamp or an electric lamp, says the
Forum. Whether It constitutes grand
larceny or petit larceny will in certain
States of the Union depend, not upon
its age or newness, but upon its mar
ket value. On tbe other hand, there
are a great number of modern crimes
committed which could not have been
committed in ancient days because tbe
instruments for their perpetration did
not exist They are tbe outcome of
modern civilization and they reqnire
new legislation.
The tapping of a telegraph wire Is a
modern form of highway robbery. In
the old days tbe method was to wni
lay the courier on the road and to ro
bim of bis purse or of his messag
The formula of the modern highway
man Is not "Stand and deliver," but
simply "Deliver." and he may get a
message from the lightning courier
which may be worth more to bim than
a well-filled purse. But there Is noth
ing to be gained by indiscriminate tap
ping. It Is some special message or In
formation that the thief is looking for.
possibly for its effect on the stock mar
ket, or on other business ventures;
but by tbe use of the cipher code tap
ping of telegraph wires is of little avail
even in time of war, unless the code as
well as the message has been stolen.
For tapping of power or light lines the
modern highwayman comes in ont of
the rain. He can do his business bet
ter indoors by attacking the electric
meter, confusing its calculations and
thus getting more current than he pays
for. Such at least seems to be the im
plication of recent statutes.
Decorates Hia Burial Lot.
Probably the strangest hobby in the
world is that of Henry Woolridga, ot
Mayfield, Ky., who devotes all " bis
money and time to developing bis plot
In tbe local cemetery In a way which
is as grotesque as It is, happily, orlg
inaL His first modest and- laudable
effort was to erect a plain monument
to mark tbe family resting-place.- Not
satisfied with this, however, he added
to it a white marble shaft bearing on
Its face a relief presentment of himself
on horseback.
Having thus struck the personal note.
"Uncle Henry," as be Is familiarly
called, had a life-sized statue of him
self erected at a cost of 200. He then
introduced statues of bis mother and
eldest brother, to be followed shortly
by similar statues In Indiana limestone
of a favorite niece and of a young girl
who bad brought him flowers during
an Illness.
His next ambition was to see himself
on horseback, and tbe family gathering
was augmented by a life-sized statue
of "Uncle Henry" on bis favorite horse.
Then followed presentments in stone
of his favorite deerbound. "Tow Head,"
chasing a deer; another of a fox pur.
sued by his foxhound. "Bob," and a
marble sarcophagus with a carved rep
resentation of bis favorite gun.
Tbe latest additions have been sta
tues of three of bis brothers In the
stiffest of poses and the most prosaic
of dress. As "Uncle Henry," although
75 years old, Is still hale and more en
thusiastic than ever, it Is certain that
this strange menagerie will receive
many more additions before he sleeps
in the oddest environment with whicb
eccentricity ever surroundtd a dead
man. Tid-BIts.
First Coaches In London. -
Riding was the only alternative to
walking at the beginning of Elizabeth's
reign, and a lady never rode without
six or seven serving men to carry at
tire suitable to all contingencies, ; and
the means to repair a toilet which
might suffer on the journey, says the
Bishop of London in the Cornhill Maga
zine. To diminish this cost ooaches came
Into use. They were Introduced In
1564 by a Dutch coachman of tbe
queen, but we are told "a coach was a
strange monster In those days, and tbe
sight of it put both man and horse Into
amazement: some said it was a great
crabshell brought out of China, and
some imagined It to be one of the pagan
temples In which the cannibals wor
shiped the devil." But at length these
doubts were cleared and coachmaklng
became a substantial trade. So rapid
was the Increase of coaches that in
1601 an act of parliament was passed
"to restrain tbe excessive and super
fluous use of coaches within this
realm." :
In spite of this Innovation, no method
could be devised which made locomo
tion pleasant through streets wbicb
were alternately torrents of dirt find
ing their way to the Fleet ditch, and
thick deposits of black mud, which fur
nished a ready weapon to any one who
wished to express disapprobation. It
is difficult for us to picture London
without either cabs or omnibuses.
Mutilation of Teeth Among Savage
It Is curious to what an extent tin
mutilation of teeth goes on among
savage nations, and even among cer
tain civilized people, such as tbe Jap
anese. With them a girl Is never mar
ried without first staining her teeth
black with a repulsive kind of var
nish, and the custom Is especially ad
hered to among members of tbe richer
classes. On tbe west coast of Africa a
large proportion of the teeth are delib
erately broken when children reach a
certain age. Both in the new world
and in the old the. custom exists of ex
tracting the two front teeth of domes
tic servants. In Peru the custom has
existed from time Immemorial, and
nsed to be a sign of slavery In tbe days
of Incas. This is also the custom on
tbe Congo and among tbe Hottentots.
Teeth are stained In various colon
among the Malays. A bright red and
a bright blue are not uncommon, and
a bright green is produced with the
aid of arsenic and lemon juice. Living
stone related that among the Kaffirs
a child with a promlent upper jaw was
looked upon as a monster and imme
diately killed. On the Upper Nile the
negroes have all tbelr best teeth ex
tracted in order to destroy their value
In the slave market and to make it
not worth while for the slave-traders
to carry them off.
Status of the Ball era.
It Is said that Sir Redvers Buller li
tbe wealthiest general (among common
ers) in tbe service, and Admiral Sit
Alexander Buller the wealthiest ad
miraL
People are very patient; considering
that the end of every day only find
them one day nearer their grave.
"Did you say tbe man was shot In the
woods, doctor?" "No. I didn't; 1 said
be was shot In tbe lumbar region."
Yonkers Statesman.
The hostess I want you to meet Mr.
Cawker. So Interesting, you know. He
believes In nothing. Tbe blase one
What enthusiasm ! Life.
"Diamonds are getting higher and
higher." "Yes, dearie, but we can fix
that all right" "How" "We won't
buy any." Indianapolis Journal.
"Can yon give me no hope?" he wild
ly cried. "Yes," sweetly smiled the
young girl; "If you go out very quietly
papa may not hear you." Exchange.
Sunday school teacher (in Chicago)
Why did the wise men come from tbe
East? Bright scholar Because they
were wise men. Philadelphia Record.
Percy Where were you ou your vaca
tion last summer? Uarold Ob, I went
to Niagara Falls. Percy WbatI Is
that place running yet Chicago Jour
nal. .
First M.'D. What a lot of things
have been found in the vermiform ap
pendix. Second M. D. Aud look at the
money that's been taken out of it!
Life.
A life of terror: "What Is a bachelor.
Aunt Martha?" "Oh, he's a man wbo
thinks every girl that looks at bim In
tends to marry bim." Indianapolis
Journal. -
. Hogan Do you belave In dreams.
Mike? Dugan Faith an I dol Lasbt
night I dremt I was awake, an' In the
mornln' me dream kern tbrue. Prince
ton Tiger.
"What Is bad form?" "It Is doing
things in a way other people have quit
doing tbem, or doing them In a way
tbey have not yet heard of." ludlanap-
olis Journal.
Rounder I see by tbe papers that
Russell Sage takes a deep- interest In
American expansion and tbe Boer
war. Flounder What per cent
Town Topics.
Losing Her Grip. Blanche Her for
mer football training didn't prove of
any use to her. May How's that?
"Why, she let a millionaire slip through
her fingers." Brooklyn Life.
"How Is your brother. Tommy?"
"Sick In bed, miss; he's hurt hlsself."
"How did he do that?" "We were play
ing at who could lean farthest out of
the window, and he won." Tit-Bits.
She You hesitated when I asked. you
if I were the only girl you had ever
lovedl He Yes; I couldn't tell from
your expression whether you wanted
me to say "no" or "yes;" Indianapolis
Journal. ;
Little Wiilie Say. pa. what's the dif
ference between an optimist and a pes
simist? Pa An optimist enjoys a
thing he can't like, and a pessimist
UKes a iniug ue uuu i eujujr. tunu.&ir
Dally News.
' Talker Remarkable! Remarkable!
The weather man says the mercury
will drop . to zero in twelve hours.
Choker That's nothing. Talker Eht
What's nothing? Choker Zero. Phil
adelphia Press.
Reporter Mr. Greatman refuses to
give his views. Editor Then write a
two-column article attributing your
own views to bim. We will then get
bis views when he repudiates your arti
cle. Town Topics. -.
Servant A gentleman at the door
wants to know if Mr. Brown lives here. '
Mr. Brown Tell him no; that Mr.
Rrnwn hoards here. ' Mrs. Brown is
probably the person he wishes to see.
Boston Transcript
Mike McLusber passed twenty-five
saloons ylsterday wldout sbtoppln' In
wan av tblm, an' him wld a pocketful
av coin. Pat Hivlns! Wor be in a
tbrance? Mike Naw; he wor in th"
pathrol wagon. Exchange.
Con Ceet Yes. I'm going to the recep
tion. I understand the beautiful Miss
Hilton is to be there. Cold Fact Well,
yon don't expect her to speak to you,
do you? Con Ceet Why not? Is she
so very bashful? Philadelphia Press.
Tbe moral: Sunday school teacher
When tbe bad children called the old
man "Ho M-TioaI' thA honrs nflma nut
UUO.U W.U
of the woods and ate tbem up! What
does that teach us? Scholar To always
climb a tree before calling names!"
Puck.
"Will you give me a kiss, Johnny?"
asked a spinster of a 5-year-old. "No,
Indeed," replied Johnny. "Why not?"
she asked. "'Cause If I did the next
thing yon would be asking me to mar
ry you," was the unexpected reply.
Minneapolis Tribune.
.The tramp who had made an unsuc
cessful application for cold victuals
said: . "You don't" know what It Is,
ma'am," he said, "to have no friends."
"Don't II" responded the woman of the
house, bitterly; "two of my children
have taken prizes at baby shows!"
Chicago Tribune.
Tbe Clerk Really, I think you ought
to pay me something extra for lapping
so many postage stamps. It makes my
stomach so squeamish that I can hard
ly eat anything at all when I get borne.
The Proprietor On the contrary, I
think your boarding mistress ought to
pay me something for tbe saving I
make for her. Boston Transcript
Wife (who has been out shopping all
day) Oh, dear, how tired and hungry
I am! Husband Dldn t you have any
luncheon In town? Wife A plate of
soup only; I didn't feel that I could af
ford to have more. Husband Did you
find the hat you wanted? Wife Oh.
yes; it Is a perfect dream, John, and It
only cost $28. Collier's Weekly.
Color in Medical Practice.
The use of colors as a part of medi
cal treatment Is not a new one. Red
light for example, has been recently
advocated in tbe treatment of measles
and smallpox. Jean Gaddesden cured
the son of Henry L, King of England,
of smallpox by surrounding the Prince
with scarlet clothing him in scarlet as
well as all his attendants, and having
red carpets and hangings In the room.
The record shows this succeeded so
well that his face was not even scarred.
Not an Athletic Statesman. ,
Joseph Chamberlain's distaste for
physical 'exercise is as marked as his
passiol for orchids. At no period In his
life has be Indulged in any form ot
sport and walking is bis special aver
sion. Practically the longest walk ha
takes when in London Is from Prince's
gardens to bis clubs In Pall Mall or St
James street To bis sedentary habits
he adds a love for smoking black cigars
and drinking tea.
Parsley Neutralises Onion Odor.
Parsley should always garnish a dish
containing onions, as It takes away tha
odor most people object to. It eve,
prevents the after taata if eaten by thai
Individual who loves onions and must
J-
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