The Columbian., June 26, 1885, Image 4

FEATHERS.
Tho Various Cses to Which They Aro Ap
pliedThe Trade In New York.
What a marvel of skill and beauty U
comprised in the mechanism and adap
tation of feathers, and yet how little
are these points regarded by tho-e who
wear them and throw them carelessly
aside! Few persons ever have any con
ception of the extent of the trade and
the capital involved in the collect'on,
commerce and preparation of these ex
tensive spoils from the feathered triles
which aro now so eagerly sought for
by merchants and traders, who pass
the skins of feathers into the pluraas
sier's hands, to be prepared for the use
of the ladies; for the fair sex soeure tho
most cho'ce and costly for themselves,
although they have not the exclusive
use of feathers, as military eagle
plumes will testify.
In New York city alone there are
about one hundred persons largely and
specially engaged in feathers', as im
porting merchants, dealers, feather
manufacturers, plumassiers, natural
ists, etc. The declared value of the
foreign feathers as receive I was in 1X74
a little over so.tHxi. Fashion
causes great changes. To what various
uses does the de -trover now apply the
covering of birds in d fferent countries
for quills and feathers in the arts ami
industry, for upholstery purposes, for
adornment of the person, or for more
absolute clothing in garments, whethei"
as ruuus or cutis. "As light as a feath
er," has passed into a proverb, and the
commerce in bird skins and feathers,
extensive and valuable as it is. is nei
ther bulky nor ponderous. The largest
quill of the golden eagle weighs only
8 xty-live grains, and the entire plu
mage of an owl but aa ounce ami a
bait, whde tho feathers of a common
fowl of two pounds and a quarter w.ll
only weigh three ounces.
In the ostrich both barbs and bar
bules are long, soft, silKy and apart,
and the barbules thus disposed charac
terize that form of the feather called
a plume, and which constitutor in a
commerc;al point of view the most val
uable product of b.rds.
The natural color of feathers is prod-iced
by the internal arrangement of
the colorless plates of horny matter
and not by any pigment. This is also
the cause of the iridescence of varying
shades of color on some beetles' wings
and nacreous shells. The diftVrent
thickness of the horny fibers interferes
with the l ght and produces tin play
of colors. Almost any artificial color
can. however, be given to feathers by
dye-:, and taste, skill and art stic ar
rangement have done much to supple
ment the rich natural beauties of the
stolen plumes we appropriate so reck
lessly. The principal feathers entering into
oommerce into any quantity are those
of the ostr.ch, vulture (-o called i,
egret, osprey, goose, swan, turkey and
peacock. 1 he chief downs are eidei
down, goose down, swan's down and
estridge or ostnch down. The fea'hers
and down of many other birds are
used, but are of less iiuportar.ee. Al
though horsehar, woolen Jpks and
a tu:no r oi vegecaou stumjg mate
r als have come into ex ensive use, the
feather Led as an article of luxurious
ease still holds its own in many circles.
The dressed feathers chiefly used are
those of the white, gray and common
goose, and what are termed in the
trade-poultry feathers, which include
those of CHrUeye, duok.8 and. fowls. 'In
fill a small-sized three-foot bed-t'ek and
pillows about twenty-seven pounds of
leathers are necessary, according to
the kind used; of poultry feathers the
most are required.
It has been aptly ob-erved that a
love for feathers is among the prett'est
vanities, the daintiest whims of men
a;id women. From a strictly philo
sophical po"nt of view it may be con
sidered exceedingly absurd to rob a
bird of his clothes, and use them as
additional adornments to our o.vn at
tire. But fashion, both in savage and
civ lized circles, enforces strange va
garies. The aborignal races of North
and South America, Africa, the islands
of the Pacific and Ind an Archipelagoes,
gloried in their feather plumes and cor
onets, long before European belles in
sreased commerce so largely in this di
rection. The jaunty hat has given a
great impetus to every novelty in the
shape of feathers for decorating it.
First, the pheasant plume was intro
duced as an ornament for hats; then
followed the ptarmigan, peacock.
trogon. impcyan and argus pheasants,
ibis, heron, "sea gull, black cock and
owl, and now almost every variety of
plumace mav be seen in the hats of la-
dies and clr.ld:en. According to scarci
ty and fashion, some kinds of feathers
occasionally comm.md a fabulous
price. Thus certain s rts for hats have
reached forty dollars to s xty dollars
the pound weight. Pelican feathers,
from the'r soft, velvety appearance and
their taking dyes readily, are in much
request; so are thos i of the flamingo,
and what are known in commerce as
long and short osprey, which included
the much-prized short egret. These
feathers range in price from four dol
lars to sixteen tne ounc ', accord ng to
the whiteness of color. A new and very
pretty ornamental appl'cation of bird
skins is that of the entire head and
plumage of some showy b'rd for fans
and fire screens; and the brilliant little
heads of the humming-bird family
handsomely mounted a3 necklets, ear
pe:idaats. brooches, etc.. form a novel
species of bird jewelry. Brooklyn
Eagle.
--
GENIUS.
The Capacity or Taking: Infinite I'In
When the Work Is Worth Doing at All.
I wish to draw attention to the fact
that the definition of genius as "the
capacity for taking infinite pains" is not
a true one. At best it merely expresses
a portion, and that the least important
portion, of the truth. To complete the
definition we require the addition of the
following words, viz., "combined with
the faculty of discerning whether the
object is worth the trouble, and in
which direction success is the most
firobable." These conditions are abso
utely necessary. The true genius is he
who sees his way, and who, seeing it,
pursues it with the utmost care, neglect
ing no circumstance as being too trivial,'
and concentrating his strength upon
the most hopeful point of advance. The
mere taking of infinite pains, without
any guiding power to render such pains,
successful, is nothing but dunderheaded
stupidity. While the dull plodder wastes
his energy upon work that leads to
nothing further, the genius concen
trates it upon work which to every one
else around him may seem trivial
enough, but he sees further than others,
and knows that a splendid ultimate suc
cess is probable enough. Surely the
faculty to know what work is worth
doing is immeasurably greater than the
mere dogged resolution which goes
round in a hopeless circle. - ""' ? '
HO! YE PUBLISHERS
Of Oregon and Washington Terri
tory-Free Ad vie from "Texas
Sifting." ,
The Texas Sifting, in its issue of
February 3, 1885, says editorially : We
receive a great number of country
weeklies from all parts of the United
States. With one or two exceptions,
none of those that are altogether edited
and printed at the office of publication
are as good as those that use the mat
ter ready printed on one Bide of the
sheet. They could not be expected t
be so good. The patent inside is
edited by an experienced man, who
has facilities oi obtaining better selec
tions of interesting reading matter than
the country editor . can have with his
limited exchange list ; and this editor
lives in the city where he can obtain
tho latest news much more promptly
and more fully than tho country edi
tor can. He is trained to his business,
and has nothing to distract his at
tention, and no other duties to perform,
therefore it would be reasonable to be
lieve that he could put together a more
interesting and readable sheet than
could the editor in a country town,
who has often to perform the duties
not only of editor, but of compositor,
pressman, advertising solicitor, collec
tor, mailing clerk, etc. The fact is the
maioritv of these auxiliary sheets con
tain admirable literary selections and
compilations of the latest news, con
densed with great skill. As they are
better typographically and inahterary
sense than the country editor himself
could produce, as thev cost him less
than setting up type for theamountof
matter they contain would cost, and
as their use leaves him more time to
give attention to the local side of hi:
naner. we see-Jio reason why any coun
A. A. ' m w
try editor should presume to sneer at
them. Those auxiliary sheets are fur
nished by companies located in all the
large cities, and they are becoming
more popular with publishers of coun
try weeklies every day. We would
add that Dublishers desirous of avail
incr themselves of this money and
time-saving method of publishing a
truly live and interesting paper, can
do so by applying to the Northern
Pacihc Newspaper Union, oi .fort land
Oreeon. It furnishes the best "pat
ent " in the United States and for less
monev than any other house. This
Union pays particular attention to the
artistic appearance of its patents uses
the best paper the best reading mat
terdoes the best press-work, and has
several distinct and original features
which we have never seen in any other
patent side- They furnish latest mar
kets and telegrams, and can print all
sizes and suDnlements at short notice.
From latest accounts they are doing a
larere business. Publishers will con
sult their best interests by addressing
112 and 114 Front street, Portland,
Oregon, for terms and particulars.
WHIMS. CAL MARRIAGES.
. Man Who Vk Father-ln-Law to lit
Mot IllT-t II I.HVT.
"O, ves,"said an attorney to whom
n. reporter applied for any information
be might possess on the subject of
whimsical marriages. know of a
case in th'scitv where two uncles and
their nephew married three sisters.
Thus the nephew's wife became the
niece of iers:sters and her husband be
came the brother-in-law of his uncles
His first boy became the grand nephew
of his aunts: his mother's sisters and
his eous'ns were necessarily his aunts
and uncles."
Thus encouraged the reporter with a
mission looked about for more whim
sical marriages, and learned of half a
dozen in as many hours. A prominent
sewing-machine man who formerly
lived in this c:ty married a widow who
had a j'oung daughter. When the latter
had grown up to womanhood the sew-injr-machine
man obtained a divorce
from hisjvife and married her daughter,
making his former wife his mother-in-
law. The three were often seen riding
out together in the same carriage. It
is but a few years since a certain well-
known historian and poet, after the
death of his wife, married her daughter
by a previous marriage, much to the
disgust of Ins son. who found that his
sister had suddenly grown into his
mother-in-law.
But the queerest case of all is that of
a widower and his son who married a
widow and her daughter, the son mar
rying the mother and the father the
daughter. When the widower married
the daughter he became father-in-law
to the widow, who was his daughter-in-
law; or. in other words, was father-in-law
to his mother-in-law. IPs wife be
came the step-mother of his son-in-law,
who was in fact her half brother, being
the full son of her fattier, her husband
When the son married the widow he
became the father-in-law of his own
father, because his wife was his father's
wife's mother. Uy hi3 marriage the son
became the stepfather of his stepmother,
who was his stepdaughter. The widow
is not only the mother of her daughter
but also her daughter-in-law, and her
daughter becomes her mother-in-law.
The widow is likewise the daughter-in
law of her husband's father, who, it will
b? remembered, is her son-in-law by
reason of being her daughter's husband.
Lv marrying the Widow the son became
the son in-law of bis mother, the wife of
lis father. The son became the father
of his father's wife, his half-sister,
his own daughter, because she is the
daughter of his own wife. The old
gentleman, by his marriage with the
daughter, became his son's wife's son-in-law.
that lady likewise being his
daughter-in-law, " although being his
wife's mother. The father's wife, as
step mother to his children, is therefore
step-mother to her mother and step
father, the latter being the son of her
husband. If the union of the son and
the widow be blessed with a girl babe
the little one would ordinarily be the old
gentleman's grandchild. In this in
stance however - the old man being son.
in-law to the son he, in addition to be
ing its grandfather, is a half-brother to
the infant and the child is half-sister to
its grandmother. In case the daughter,
who married the widower, should have
a boy, he would at once become his
luiiujuvbiiri a 11.111 ut . auu lid
brother-in-law at the same time. Chi
cago Tribune.
British Columbia is realizing the
benefits of its excellent harbors and
magnificent forests. Two milling com
panies with an aggregate production of
35,000,fXX) teet of lumber, are now
cutting exclusively for the export trade.
They ship to China, Australia, Sand
wich Islands, and even to England.
FIXED STARS.
Some Interesting Farts Told by a New
paporlal Astronomer.
Of the 0,0.0 fixed stars visible to the
naked eye. and the 20,000,000 within
the range of the telescope, ouly twenty
are classed as stars of the first magni
tude, and of these fourteen are visible
in this latitude. They are Sirius, or the
Dog star, which any one can easily dis-tin-ni'sh,
as it is the brightest of all the
stars in the firmament, and the most
brilliant gem in the southern sky; Arc
turus, the bright star, and pointed to
by the last two stars in the handle of
the Dipper; Higel. the pale blue gem in
the forefoot of Orioa; Capella, a blue
star also, seen in the northwest; Vega,
the bright gren star in the northeast;
Procyue, a blue star fifteen degrees east
of Orion; Betelgeuse, a red star in the
shoulder of Ori m; Aldebaran, a red
star in front of Orion's head; Antares,
a red star in the heart of the Scorpion;
Altair, a green star in the Eagle: Spica,
a blue star in the Virgin; Fowalhaut, a
white star in the Southern Fish; Pol
lux, in the Twins, seen northeast of
Orion; and Regulus, the beautiful white
star very close to the p!anet Jupiter,
not far east of the zenith. All these
can be seen any clear night at nine
o'clo.-k, except Antares, Altair, Spica
and Fowalhaut, and they also can be
seen in the hours just before dawn. A
casual glance at the stars gives the im
pression that they are all of the same
color, but, by comparing them one with
another, it will be found that they are
of various tints. Another curious fact
is that they cl.atige their color with t'ie
decree of" their incandescence. The
brilliant Dog star was described by the
ancients as fiery red; it gradually paled
to white, and "is now green. Capella
has changed from red to yellow, and
from yellow to pale blue: and the brill
iant new star of 1572, which suddenly
blazed forth in the constellation of Cas
s'opeia an 1 remained visible for six
months b?fore fading out of sight,
changed from white to yellow, and then
to red.
Th' first magnitude stars are not all
of equal brightness and apparent size.
Sirius is three times brighter and ap
parently larger thau any other star in
the heavens, the easy chief in the won
drous procession ever moving overhead
from east to west The next brightest
is Canopus, the steel blue gem in the
southern heavens, which the Arabs re
gard with such deep reverence. It is
not visib'e in this latitude, but can be
seen just above fie horizon .n the lati
tude of New Orleans. Next comes
Alpha Ceutauri. the first of all the fixed
stars found to have an estimable par
allax and the nearest one to our earth.
This star, together with the two bright
est in the Southern Cross, are invisible
in our latitude, but can be seen at Key
West, in Florida, which i the only spot
in our country from wlrch the. South
ern Cross, itself regarded, by some as
the most impressive of all the constella
tion , can be looked at.
A tronomers are overwhelmed at the
conte.nplition of the enormous d's
tances of the lixod stars from us and
from one another. The planetary int r
va's in our solar system are insignificant
in comparison with them. One miht
suppose that with a base line of 1S.",
00,0i'0 miles between opposite points
of our earth's orbit, we could se ure a
measurable angle for computing the
distance of a star, but it is found that
the two lines drawn from a star to the
opposite ends of this line are swallowed
up in the immense stretch of space they
traverse; they make no appreciable
angle at all, but appear as one line. A
German astronomer has discovered a
method by which an approximate paral
lax for some of the stars is obtained,
and this shows that the nearest fixed
sta-, Alpha, in the Centaur, is 224,'hhj
times farther from the earth thau the
sua is, and the North star 3,000,000
farther off than the snn's distance.
These measurements can be expressed
only in figures; it is impossible for the
human mind to grasp them. St. Louis
Republican.
FAR M CONVENIENC ES.
The Arrangements of Farm to Secure
Proper and Economical Care of Stork.
Many farms are so perversely ar
ranged, especially where stock is raised,
that it requires twice as much labor to
care for stock. And when it demands
so much time, when other things are
crowding, the attention necessary for
the growth of the stock is neglected.
If a man is going to start a stock and
grain farm he should look out for the
proper location for such a farm. If
possible there should be ru --Mig water
on a large part of it. Or if c ..1 , m one
place, the farm should be arranged so
that all classes of stock can go to water
any hour they please. Otherwise they
will be frequently neglected. The men
on the farm have to be absent all day,
sometimes, and the stock have to sull'er
and at other times the hands are neg
ligent, and if not watched will not pro
vide water as often as necessary.
Then the farm should be arranged so
that each field can be approached with
out passing through other fields, Good
gates, strong and easily handled, should
be provided. And as the necessity is
upon us of devoting our farms to cram
and grass it is well to look this subject
full in the face, and prepare our lands
f r mixed farming. Grain exclusively
will not pay. Stock in the future for
feeding will be so high that no one can
rely on buying steers to feed profitably,
his own or purchased grain. Steers
must be raised on the farm and finished
there. And in saying "finished," we
mean it to the fullest extent. Prepare
your farms, therefore, with all the con
veniences of raising stock and grain.
Be content with a plain farm business.
Rely as little as possible upon traffic,
swh as dealing in and fattening steers
as a specialty. It is evidently not to be
the reliable business of tho future. Have
the water, the fields, the lanes, gates,
yards and sheds all right. It will re
quire study, and if you are not prepared
for this your future is dark. Iowa Stale
Register.
The new servant gin came to ner
mistress crying and holding on to her
linger. "What's the matter?" asked
the lady of the house. "I run one of
the forks into my hand, and if it is this
plated stuff I'll get lockjaw." "Don't
be alarmed," said the mistress, "all my
silver is genuine; I don't keep any
plated ware." Next morning the serv
ant girl was gone and so was the silver.
Texas Sifting s.
UNHAPPY MAN.
Whv Dersist in rulninor vour dicrestion bv
eating unwholesome food; and keeping ft
ruined by doing nothing to restore it to
useiuiness and right action? borne think
that dyspepsia is incurable. They are the
ones who have never tatcen Brown's Iron
Bittere. This valuable family medicine
makes short work of the tormentor and
soon enables the digestive apparatus to do
its m ork. Mr. II. E. Collins, of Keokuk,
Iowa, says : " I used Brown's Iron Bitters
for dyspepsia, and am greatly benefited."
A WONDERFUL SUBSTANCE.
The results which are attending the
administration by Drs. Starkey & Palen,
1109 Girard St., Philadelphia, of their
Compound Oxygen for Chronic diseases,
give new surprise to both patients and
physicians every day. Nothing like these
results has heretofore been known in the
treatment of disease. If you have any"
ailment about which you are concerned,
write to them for information about their
new Treatment and it will be promptly
furnished.
Orders for the Compound Oxygen Home
Treatment will be filled by H. E. Mathews,
606 Montgomery Street, San Francisco.
The Austrian Government will hereafter
prohibit the publication of Sunday papers.
A SAD CASE OF POISONING
Is that of any man or woman afflicted
with disease or derangement of the liver,
resulting in poisonous accumalations in
the blood, scrofulous affections, sick
headaches, and diseases of the kidneys,
lungs or heart. These troubles can be
cured only by geing to the primary cause,
and putting the liver in a healthy condi
tion. To accomplish this result speedily
and effectually nothing has proved itself
so efficacious as Dr. Pierce's "Gelden Med
ical Discovery," which has never failed to
do the work claimed for it, and never will.
Abe Buzzard, the Pennsylvania outlaw,
has surrendered to the authorities.
GET THE BEST Abell & Son's Pho
tographs. Take the elevator 29 Wash
ington street, Portland.
Throat Diseases commence with a
Cold, Cough, or over-fatiguing the voice.
These symptoms (which, if neglected,
often result in a chronic trouble of the
Throat) are allayed by the use of
Small parties of tourists are now going
through the x ellowstone 1'ark.
What can be more disagreeable, more
disgusting, than to sit in a room with a
nerson who is troubled with catarrh, and
has to keep coughing and clearing his or
her throat of the mucus which drops Into
it? Such persons are always to be pitied if
they try to cure themselves and fail. But
if they get Dr. Sage's Catarrh Remedy
there need be no failure.
Both of the Garfield boys graduate at
Williams Uolleee next month.
CATARRH A New Treatment has been dis
covered whereby a permanent cure is effected in
from one to three applications. Particulars and
treatise free on receipt of stamp. A. H. Dixon
& Sox, 305 King St. west, Toronto, Canada.
THE ONLY STRICTLY first-class Pho
tograph Gallery in the Northwest Abell
& Son s, SJ Washington street, 1'ortland.
VThnn Baby ras sick, wo pave her C ASTORIA,
Wben she waa a Child, she cried for CASTGIA,
When she became Miss, she clans to CASTCfRIA,
When she had Children, she gave them C ASTORIA
COPYING AND ENLARGING in India
ink, water colors, crayon or il. Send for
price list. abkll bc &on,
29 Washington street, Portland.
Forty carloads of fetrawberriea are ar
riving daily iu Chicago.
Rupture radically cured, also
pile tumors and fistulas. Pamphlet of
particulars two letter stamps. world's
Dispensary aieaicai Association, uunaio,
new ium,
The.Brooklyn Navy Yard has discharged
all its employes.
Try Germea for breakfast.
onoivcrs
MHO
1 W W
Combining IR05 with PUBE VEGETABLE
TOXICS, quickly sad completely CLE1KSES
and EXBICHES THE BLOOD. Oalekena
the action of the Liver and Kidneys. Clean the
complexiOB, makes the ikla smooth. It does not
Injure the teeth, caose headache, or produce con.
stlpatlon ALL OTHEB IB05 MEDICI5ES DO.
Physicians and Druggists ererwhare recommend it.
Db. N. S. RCCHVLTB. of Marion. Mia, iay: "I
reoommend Brown's Iron Bitters as a Taluabl tonio
for ennchin th blood, and ramoTinjr all dyspeptio
symptoms, it does not hurt the teeth."
Da R. M. Dsxraxu Rvynolds Ind., says: " I
have prescribed Brown's Iron Bitters in cases of
annmia and blood diseases, also when a tonic was
needed, and it has proved thoroughly satiafaotory."
MlWu. BTRNS. 26 St. Mary St., New Orleans, La.,
says: M Brown's Iron Bitten relieved me in a cane
of blood poisoninjr, and I heartily commend It to
those needlnc a purifier."
The Genuine has Trade Mark and crossed red lines
on wrapper. Take bo other. Made only by
BKOWN CHEMICAL CO., BALTIMORE, MI).
LADIKB HaTD BOOK nsefnl and attractive, con
taining list f prizea for recipes, information about
coins, etc., aiven away by all dealers in medicine, or
aoailod to any address on receipt of So. stamp.
SXELU HEITSHU & WOODARD,
Wholesale Agents. Portland, Or.
Fortify the lystem,
All who have expert
need and witnessed
the effect of Iloatet
tcr's Stomach Bitters
upon the weak, broken
down, desponding vic
tims of dyspepsia,
liver complaint, fever
and ague.rheumatism,
nervous debility, or
premature decay.
know that in this
supreme tonio and
alterative there exists
a specino principle
which reaches the
very source of the
trouble and effects an
absolute and perma
nent cure. For sale
by all Druggists and
Dealers generally.
The best Blood Purifier and Tonic Alterative In use.
It quickly cures all Diseases originating from a dis
ordered state of the Blood or Liver. Rheumatism, Neu
ralgia. Blotches, Boils, Pimples, Scrofula, - Tumors, Salt
Rheum and Mercurial Pains readily yield to its purifying
properties. It leaves the Blood Pure, -the Liver and Kid
neys healthy, the complexion bright and clear
FOR SALE BY ALL, DRUGGISTS.
J. R. GATES & CO., PROP'RS.,
SAN FRANCISCO. CAL.
Aiteell Goia Mai
gav naif. JLarseat
Factory In tne Ntate
WOK
Man and Beast.
Mustang Liniment is older than
most men, and used more and
more every year.
A
Twin
TOfiTOS (Or foijtfc
mAiiTna
Ml II III 1 1 X
inuiiii
i mil JhJ
FEED RATIONS.
The Kind and QuaUty of Food Required
for Working ITorse.
Of the many mill:ons of horses on
farms and elsewhere in this country, it
is certain that a large portion losi;
much of their effectiveness from lack
of proper feeding. This is especially
true of farm horses, which are more
commonly fed with that which is most
easily secured or least easily sold, rath
er than with that which carefully con
ducted experiments have shown to be
the best and cheapest. In the food of
horses at active work the best will : al
most always prove the cheapest, be
cause the efficiency of a team is paral
leled by that of the men engaged ' in
us'ng it. Farmers who complain of
dear help can not afford to keep it em
ployed either in us n a poor team or
one so badly fed that its natural efli-
ciency is seriously mpairad.
This subject has received most atten
tion from the managers of the street
car companies, city liveries and omni
bus owners, who all depend for their,
profit on the cheapness and effective-!
ness of the'r team labor. Some of!
the e have made many experiments in,
feeding, and the results of these can bej
profitably stud ed by farmers. Thej
work of street car horses is more se-j
vere than is found at long times on thej
farm. A horne that will thrive and do!
good work on hard paved streets can
e trusted w.th the same feed ng an3'-
where. In fact, fa lure is never allowed:
to arise from imperfect feeding. As
long an a horse's feet stand sounJly
under him he can do a full day's work.
All this is done w.th street-car compa-;
n e on a daily ration of sixteen pounds
of ground corn and oats, mixed with
sixteen pounds of finely cut hav for a
horse weigh ng 1,200 pounds. This raj
tion is varied somewhat to suit the in-
d.vidual pecul amies ot different ani
mals. Th . re are large and small eater:
among horses as among human beings
but on the average this will be suili
c ent for hoiscs of this weight. I
Most far.uers feed more heavily than
this and with a much greater proport
ionate increase in bulk. This eo;istif
tutcs a very ; common nrstake In feed
ing. Relying largely on hay to fu.n sh
nutriment, the strength requ'rod to be
exerted can not be had without so large
bulk as gutly to impe.Ie the horse s
freedom ot'inorement. We have known
farmers to f. ed mjre than tw ce as
much hay as is given in th s lalion,
while diminishing the grain to the low
est po nt Oi' even giv ng none at all.
The horse, of cour. e, can live on hay;
but it is y unprofitable food to be
given him while at work. If hay U
given in excess at other t'mes, or as
the ma n portion of his food, it will
cause unnatural di.-teut.on of the
stomach, which will impa r h s eiV.cien
cy aftei w ird. ".
'Ground gra"n is the cheapest form in
which nutriment ca i h: given to work
ing horses. But to produce the best
effect it s'.ouid be. m xed wit'i cut hay,
not to give greater bulk, fur th s the
horse's stomach does not re pure, but
to make the food more porous in the
stomach, so that the gastr.c juices may
more fieely work through it. Meal
alone, espec'ally of co n which ha
scarcely any chaff, will eompaot in.ti.e
.-tomach and be less easily d gest ble.
The heavy chaff of oats is one of the
reasons why this grain is so valuable
for horsft feed. Aother is the bat
abounds in n'trogenousormusele-forrn-ing
food, and is therefore worth more
per pound whe.e strength s te mired
than corn or o'l meal, who-:e chief con
stituents are carbouaceo is or fat-pro-duc'nsr.
Regard m-.ist be had to the kind jof
work to be done. Liverymen, whose
horses are required to make fast time
on the road, feed more concentrated
food than the managers of street xjar
horses. Remrm'jer.ng that porousness
of the food in the stomach is all that I is
nee led to insure, good d gest on, the
meal ration may be proportion a 1 In
creased. Just enoogh nay cot i:p jto
keep the mass of food porous, like) a
sponge, is sume'ent If oats are ground
alone, the hull of the oat will furnish
so much of bulk that little
cot hay will be needed, and
lor a pa t of this whe.tt bran may
be substituted. Four or live pounds
of hay ptr day may t his be made jto
serve to give bulk to a m.xture of con
centrated food, consisting of corn and
oatmeal ground together with an addi
tion of bran, and perhaps a small quan
tity of oil meal, say a quarter to one
half pound of the latter in each feeding.
The bran and meal are excellent j to
keep the bowels in good condition,
though just at the time of severe work
the oil meal had better bo omitted, j It
is wiser poHcy to keep the bowels
working freely by judicious feeding,
rather than to allow the horse to be
come constipated and then dose w.th
phys'c. There is much more virtue in
bran and wheat niiddl ngs as food for
working horses than is commonly sup
posed. In many places bran is sold as
cheaply by the ton as hay. For giving
strength ft is more valuable pound for
pound, and it is nearly as good as cut
hay as a divisor of more concentrated
nutriment. Wheat middlings are also
excellent, but they need to t.o m'xed
with a larger bulk of cut feed to insure
compaction in the stoma h If hay
can not easily be obtained straw w.ll
answer as a divisor, though the quanti
ty of hay absolutely roqu red is so
much le s than is generally used that a
very little w 11 Miihce for a horse's food
dur.ng t'ie working season, .provided
grain or meal can be had in abundance.
Owners of horses in cit es have long
learned economy in the w e of hav feed,
which might be profitably imitated by
man' farmers. Having to buv every
thing that they feed, city peoplo soon
learn to calculate closely as to compar
ative cost a id efficiency of feed. Too
many farmers act as if hay was pro
duced with little or no expense. Should
they reckon the interest on h'gh-pr'ccd
lain! and the laborin secur'ng the crop,
they might easily find lh?ir home-grown
hay the costliest feed their teams could
eat. Mostfaim rs are avere to selling
hay, wh;ch is usually proper enough,
as this his a tendency to exhaust the:r
so'ls, but they have no such prejud'ee
against sellirg the coarser g ain j, that
take from the oil a g: eater val e than
tho same we ght of the best timothy
hay. Henc e they feed hay and I sell
jria:n under ti e n i taken notion that
this is the best war to maintain! the
fertility of their farms. They should
know and consider that the manure
from a ton of wheat bran or wheat
middlings, contains more of the valu
able elements of plant food than j the
manure from a ton of timothy hay.
We are not advising farmers to sell
hay but a pl.tn of feeding which sub
stitute gra n or wheat middlings for
less valuable feed will enable them to
get more work from their teams, make
more valuable manure from their stock.
and thu? enable them to do better fann
ing in every respect. American Culti
vator.
TIPPECANOE
THE
BEST
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H. E. WAXLXEXl & C0-. Bocfceater, Jf.Y.
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A SPECIFIC.
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H. H. WABKZB & CO., Bocheiter, N. Y.
Elder J. H. R. CARD EN, CoWibiana. Ala.,
reports that he grained one hundisrfl per cent, in
Btrentrtl
The Bei
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st i
FOB
MALARIA,
"A I." i
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H. H. WABREB & CO., Bochester, K. Y.
B. A. WILCOX, Clayton, N. Y., was cured of
malaria and dyspepsia, loss of appetite, general
lassitude, etc., by Warner's Tutecanok, The
Best.
y
"THE
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25 YEARS
IN USE.
The Greatest Medical Triumph, of the Age!
Indorsed all over tho World.
SYMPTOMS OF A
TORPID LIVER..
Loss of appetite. Nausea, powels cos
tive. PainTn the He ad, with a dull sen
sation in the back part. Pain, tinder
S3 shoulder-blade, fullness after eat
gi with a disinclination to exertion
ofbody ormind Irritability of temp
er, Low spiritSiLoss of memory ,wun
a, feeling of having neglected some
dnty wearlness.tMz.zlAess, Flutter
ing of the Heart, fiots before the eyesY
Yellow Skln.HeadacheestJessness
at nighty highly colored Urine.
IT THESE WABXIITGS ABE TOHZEDED,
BI2I0U3 SZSSASZ3 WILL COOH SI PIVZLOftt.
TUTTS PILLS are especially adapted to
uob cases, one dose effects such a change
of feeling as to astonish the sufferer.
They Increase tho Appetite, and cause
the body to Take on ITlesb, thus the sys
tern Is nourished, and by their Tonio
Action on the IMgYStlve Ornai, 7BgH'
lr Stools are produced. Price 35 eonts.
TUTTS (MIR DYfH.
Gray Hatr or Whiskers changed to a
Glosst Black by a. single application of
this DTK. It Imparts a natural color, acts
MM.Mn.aMAvMMlw w Tkw I .. . -
or
nsni Dy express on reeeipt oi 9
Office. 44 Murray St., Hew York.
BRITISH CELEBRITIES.
With Ksperla.1 Ilefrrence to Thos Who
Come Here for American Money.
People go over to America good,
bad and indifferent to ehowr them
selves and speak a piece. If j they hare
any sort of name, or have written any
sort of book', or if they have made
themselves ridiculous or sublime in any
sort of way, they expect an audience and
cash. With a little management and
ready money the lecture bureaus work
up a man's reputation, grease it and
try to make it run. Newspaper cut
tings fly about. The great MacJones,
it appears, is suffering from a sore
throat in London. The great Mac is
well and will leave for America. Pre
sently he arrives; he is interviewed; a
hall is engaged, he appears the at
tendance is bad; Jones tries elsewhere,
the attendance is worse; j Jonei has
another sore throat and retnrna to Ln
gland.
Some Gosling poet, who has got hold
of a few press wires, is asked over to
discourse on other poets of the past and
run down his contemporaries generally.
This is a lvceum or university lecture-
hall affair; then it dwindles Into a sort
of drawing-room business seat being
paid for by any scratch adrmr rs who
can Do got together. T.en Gosling
comes noma anJ perhaps even his best
M . V -1 1
inenus no not Know exact! v now mncn
he is out of pocket. And sometimes it
is a greater than Gosling. A Matthew
Arnold, for instance, thinks it important
that America should see him, if not ex
actly hear him. Accounts differ, but in
one respect they agree, that, excellent
as might be the matter, there was room
for improvement in the manner.
Now that the Amer'cans are getting
a little tired of our celebrities they have
begun to say so plainly. The fact is
that men with oratorical reputations,
who can always draw a full house, are
not numerous and the few there are
have no time, as a rule, to gad about;
besides which they are in such demand
at home that the lecture bureaus can
not tempt them across. The conse
quence is the bureans have to fall baek
on native worth, with now and then a
scientific star on the wing, a novelist
hard un, a special correspondent, or an
otiose literary critic who wants change
of air- and money. London Truth.
A London firm of pencil-makers
manufactures its shavings and sawdust
into an article which they call the "Dust
of Lebanon." It is sprinkled upon the
fire to remove the unpleasant smell of
cooking noticeable in a room after a
meal.
T
TIPS
"THE HASTINGS"
THE BEST
CM
OTKIHG.
SHIRTS AND UNDERWEAR,
For Men and Boys, to Order and Ready Made.
Cor. Montgomery and Sutter Bts., - - - - Ban Francisco, CaL
MANN & BENEDICT, succor, to HaStillS & CO.
0"RULES TOR SELF-MEASUREMENT ON APPLICATION..
PIAKOM. . ORtiAXH.
CTEIMVAV KKAXICH A HACK
OI CllllAl .Gabler, Koeniah Pianos; bunie
uryans, band instruments. Largest stock of bhra)
Music and Books. Bands supplied at Eastern xonm
M. GRAV. a6 Post Street, Kan Krancuco.
R. IJ. AlVARr
Lcrillard's Climas Phg
bearing a red tin tag ; that LorlHarrt's
If mm I. f fine cut : that LorlHurd s
TS'aTT Clippings, and that Lorll lard's Nnafla. art
tbe best and cheapest, uoaUtjr considered t
CONSUMPTION.
I ku. a noiltirsramed r for the abovs dlseMS ; by Its
tss(MnKhsT0bosncur4. Indfod. o at rang I. rojrfnlta
la It. efficacy, thru I wl 1 wnd TWO BOTTLKfl FKKK,
tojretbarwIihaVAI.UADT.ETREATISKon tbl.dlssass
toSBTiaffrer. P'".. mnd Y. O. sddrr-.s.
DSL. T. A. SLOUUM, 1(1 FearlSt., Wsw Ysrk.;
thoa.aads ofcs.es
I oi vi, war., una nu ui iui
WATSON. WRIGHT & CO..
Wholesale Grocers an! Commission Merchants
lO North Front St Portland.
Ban Francisco Offloe 18 Front St.
Handle on commission Wheat, Wool. Hons, Beeds,
Furs, Hides, Chickens, Ekks. LurnWr, Hoop-poles,
Salmon, Mill Feed, Oats, Barley, Onions, Potatoes
Baoon, Lard, etc. Account sales rendered on day ot
sale. Bend for our market report. Correapondenos
and consignments solicited.
Established 1861. P. O. Bos 2415.
JOHN F. ENGLISH.
Grain, Produoe and General
COMMISSION MERCHANT
Noe.813 and 81S Davln Mtreet.
SAN FRANCI8CO CAL.
(Member of B. F. Produce Exchange). Consl-nmenU
and orders will receive prompt attention. Cash ad
vance mads.
J. M. Halsted's
Incubators a
From 0 up.
jThe MODEL
i Brooder from tS
up. Bend for slr-
fcular containing
much valuable
information.
Thoroughbred
Poultry A Koos.
THE MODEL.
ItLF-KCaULATIKO,
HtUABLt,
AND nuns.
4) 1011 Broadway,
Tbls BKLT or neffoners.
tor '. marie erprmaly fur
the cure of drranireir.ents
of tbe generative ory&n.
There U no mistake aJwnt
this instrument, the con
tinuous stram of ELEC
TK1CITY pprmeatlnjr
through tkfc parts oi-t
re. tore, them to bealtUy
action. 1H not conrouna
tni. with Eloctrte Beit
aclvertiwHl to cure all tils
from h.-art to te. It Is tor
theONK sncolne ourooM.
Kor circulars (Mntf lull Information, ..IdiwC
iecUlO Uslt CO., luS WastuuiCton bt.. Chicago. 111.
information. n.1d tw CUueve
This Crrn t Strentlien
inn Kfnitu y
Tonic lurrt wnus
Fail ferrous and Physical
Debility, Loss ot VUality,
Wsasners, ..rue jseciuns,
Impotency, Oversensitive
,..Z.a.h,.. TwMtlltl. Kid.
J UV.1.''"-1 I
I ney and Bladder Complaiata,
Diseases oi ineBUKm.r.ni
tions, and all the svileff ecu
anritkfnl follies and ex
wj. J
cesses; permanentlT tre-
venting -u tr.ui M
weakening drains upon the
system, however they occur
l r u.mnHl,tn life.
case may be. and whore all other remedies have failed.
A Perm&nrBt Core Absolutely Guaranteed.
Price $160 per bottle, or five bottles for lu.
upon receipt ofprice, ' O.O D. , to tr addre sUicU
ly private. by OR. " lKa.l.
t " ST' "wSa
WroRjCTilMl nnTapplylng by letter'
n7uUauoi!!Ti!ru!uyooundeuUji by letter or at
Office, JRXB -
THE SPECLAXIST,
No. 11 Kearny St, San Francisco, CaL
Treats all Chrosio, Spscul akd Private Piskasm
WITH WoNDKRrTL SUCCESS.
THE GREAT ENGLISH REMEDY 1
Is a certain cure for
errouM Drhllity, Lout
Munbooil, i'mmttxtor
bora, and all the evil
effects of youthful follii
and excesses, and In
drinking intoxirmtlnic
liquor. lr. UnHe,
who is a regrular physician,
graduate of the Univer
sity of Pennsylvania, will
agree to forfeit VM for
a case ot this kind tha
fltul Jlentoratir (un
der his special advice and treatment) will not cars.
81.50 bottle, or four timos the quantity $5, sent to
any address on receipt of price, or V. O. D. in private
name if desired, by JJr. jninur, mi nrmmj- -..,
ti. Cai. Send for list of questions and pamphlet.
SAMPLE BOTTLE FREE
will be sent to any ons applying- by letter, stating-
Smptoms. sex and ae. Strict secrecy In rejfard to
1 business transactions.
THE NOETHWZST PEE83 ASSOCIATION.
Publishers Intending to purchase Type,
Presses or Printing Material, will
find a full stock and save ten per cent, by
calling upon Palmer 8c Key, 112 and 114
Front street, Portland, Or.
METAL POISON.
I am a coppersmith by trade, and the small
particles of brass and coppor from filing got
into sores on my arms and poisoned my whole
system. Mercury administered brought on
rheumatism, and I became a helpless invalid.
I took two dozen bottles of Swift's Specific.
My legs, arms and bands are all right again. 1
use tnem without pain. My restoration is duo
to S. 8. 8. Peter K. Love,
. Jan. 9, 1885. : Augusta, Ga.
MALARIAL POISON.
We have used Swift's Specific in onr family as
an antidote for malarial poison for two or threo
years, and have never known it to fail in a
single instance. XV. C. Fchlow.
Sumter Co., Ga.. Sept. 11. 1S81.
ULCEUS.
For six or eight years I suffered with ulcers
on my right leg. I was treated with Iodide of
Potassium and Mercury and I became help
less. Six bottles of Swift's Sjecinc mado a per
manent cure. M. I). Wii-son.
Feb. 28, 1885. Gainesville, Ga.
Swift's Speciflo is entirely vegetable. Trea
tlso on Blood and Skin Diseases mailed free.
The Swift SHECinc Co.. Drawer 3, Atlanta
Ga.. or 150 V. 22d St. N. Y.
HAGAN'S
Magnolia Balm
is a secret aid to beauty.
Many a lady owes her fresh
ness to it, who would rather
not tell, and you cant tell.
N. P. N. U. No. 80.-a F. S. U. No 167.
Tt" ;s- i tan--'
1
JblT
flUU H.l PIPI rtfK9s
n.oHuriLtuv
- 1
IPS