The Columbian., December 12, 1884, Image 1

THE COLUMBIAN.
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VOL. V.
ST. HELENS, COLUMBIA COUNTY, OREGON, DECEMBER 12, 1884.
NO. 19.
THE COLUMBIAN.
'.
The Taper Red.
The Hebrew name for paper reed, or
papyrus, L grioroiw which our transla
tors generally . reader-balrusb. If this
is so, then the i.iant Moses was laid in
an ark of papyrus, not bulrushes, and
thA niMnln tf P.titonii must. havp. made
r--
tfteir ships of the same.
The native country of the papyrus is
Egypt. It is found ail along tie borders
of "the Nile. The appearance of this
reed, growing iu heavy clusters in com
pany with others, is very graceful, the
top "resembling an. elegant plume, but
the want of lower leaves takes some
what from it3 beauty when growing
alone. . j
These wavy, feather-like tops of the
full-grown tree, which often reach a
height of fourteen .feet in favorable
situations, were used to crown the
statues . of , the goddesses in .many, of the
temple Vbf the East. The upright stem
. was of : service irf thqT construction ot
light vessels, wbiJe the solid part, near
the root, was converted into soles for
- sandals of thi? , priests, as well as cups
and other "cyhameuts, which were; the
more valuable on account of the scarcity
of wood in Egypt. '""''-.
Even' the roots themselves appear to
ltave been used for food by the ancient
Egyptians, but those who professed to
chew it as a luxury doubtless mistook
the sugar-cane for the papyrus as -the
stem is neither juicy nor agreeable to
the taste.
But the chief and most important use
of this wonderful reed was that it fur
nished material for . writing upon. Ot
all the ingenious contrivances in earlier
days, there was nothing-like the sheets
of papyrus, the original manufacture of,
which is described as'follows: '
The . reed was ut 'into strips, each
sufficient for a page, and then careful Im
peded, at its entire? length, as far in
ward toward the core as possible, so as
to make a tolerably wide strip. !
' Several of thew" strips were laid tc-
' gether, to make the' breadth of a page.
These pages were then coVered oyer
with simple gam, animal glue or flour
paste. -
The first layer of papyrus being drv,
& second layer was placed transversely
upon it, that the fibres might cross each
other, like the threads of woven cloth.
The sheets were then beaten, and a
strong pressure applied to render them
smooth and ready for use.
"lAmonc the ancient jo-vntians ; the
word for papyrus was biblos, and is pre
served in the name for the most vener
able book in the world the Bible.
The beautiful substance called "rice
paper," of which artificial flowers are
made, and on Which are sometimes
" painted exquisite flowers in most deli
cate designs, is cut in the same manner
from the pith of a rush growing in
great abundance in the waters ol the
Ganges. -
The- fishermen there tie bundles of
these, rues-together, and use them as
s "flonlVTor ifeirrrnshViTtr mTs. "
' The mast ancient Italians as well as
East Indians appear to have used linen
cloth to write upon, so prepared as to
retain the marks of the pen, and there
. are ancient books in existence even
now written upon the folds of palm
leaves. With regard to Egyptian rope, the
tibers at the bottom of the palm furnish
a large proportion of it, but it was
probably the finer cwd, twisted from
the papyrus, that was emplo3-ed in the
eurious laeing of those mummy cases,
of which we have so often read, where
the body was introduced after the ease
was ornamented. Only the very rich
could afford this expensive method of
embalming.
Important in ever' way as the papy
rus was to this nation, in a tit of com
mercial jealousy, one of the Egyptian
monarch prohibited the exportation of
this kind of paper, ami occasioned the
invention of parchment at IVrgams, by
Attains, its king.
And yet ai do great distance from the
kingdom of Attala the papyrus grew in
great profusion, according to ancient
writers, from the very source of the
Jordan to the Lake of Tiberias, as well
as at the Tigris and Euphrates.
Not a single plant exists that has not
at some time played an important
part in the great economy of nature,
even to the very leaves. As an ex
ample of this, we see what the papyrus
must have been to the aneient people
before the manufacture of modern paper
which is such a desirable substitute for
all. I'tobbn Iay ft.
The Dagger.
"This pwnrd a lHjfi'r hnd his pairo
That was but little for his air.'."
We may infer also, if current tradi
tion may be believed, that this page
was a penetrating little fellow, very
bright and given much to 'pointed ar
guments, lie was, moreover, of an un
certain age, which, as the poet says of
females, may mean that lie was cer
tainly aged. J Ust when the dagger
made its appearance in the world it is
scarcely possible to say, but the first
glimpse we get of humanity reveals it
tlourishing this weapon of offense, much
esteemed for the silence and effective
ness of its work. Under a multitude
vi names poniard, skean, dirk, sti!
letto, anelace, miserecorde, creese, kan
jan or bowie, etc., - it has flourished,
settled disputes and a flairs of love among
the hidalgos of Spain, the kerns of Ire
land, the clansmen of the Highlands,
the Malays and the fire-eaters of the wild
West. While its antiquity reaches be
yond the earliest traces of history, it
must be questioned whether, as is com
monly accepted, Abel was the possessor
of one which he used in the slaughter of
sheep, the fat of which he brought to
the sacrifice. If this be true, and the
.Biblical genesis of man is accepted,
the human family must have
early developed an inventive
genius in the direction of destruc
tive instruments. It is probable, how
ever, that Abel and many of his success
ors used irregular-shaped pieces of
shell or stone having no .semblance to
what we call a dagger, the invention of
which implies considerable advance
ment in the mechanical arts. It is not
questioned that from these flakes, of
.-tone, bone or shell was ultimately
evolved the idea of a dagger, but they
were not daggers. The word is from
the Hebrew, meaning to pierce, and to
all the nations of the remotest anti
quity it was a common and familiar in
strument. With them, as with the com
mon soldiery of late times, it served a
multitude of purposes. With it they
prepared the twigs for fuel, cleaned the
food for cooking, used it to dig up the
ground in planting, and as a spit on
which to toast their meat or game, as
well a& a weapon of offense. In Judges
iii. 16, we are told that Ehud mane
him a dagger with two "edges, of a
cubit lengtb, which he girded on his
right thigh. This was 1336 B. C, and
a jolly little tickler it was for the ribs of
his neighbors. History does not record
whether he used it a a toothpick or not.
It.was not until much later that the
dagger was elevated to the post of
honor beside the stford, with which it
is now associated and enshrined in tho
romance of chivalry. The Greek short
sword, which madeihe soldiers so irre
sistible at close quarters, was a species
of dagger. At Rome it was fashionable
to carry a slender dagger secreted in
whips and cahes, and the -"Venetians,
tender-hearted, charminpeoplemade
use of a three-edged dagger of glass,
filled with poison, which was broken
off when used and the -blade
left in the' wound. , The warriors
of Gaul -were partial; to the dagger,
which, under a name sometimes written
coutel, was a regular part of their equip
ment. The Scotchman's fondness for
his dirk is" well known, and the boast of
the Highlandman that he could drive
his 'bonny dirkV through a "twa
inch" board, is familiar to all readers
of Scotch fiction.; Originally the dag
ger had no 6hcath or guard to pro
tect the hand, and these were
not added until comparatively recent
times, the guard first and after
ward the sheath. About the thirteenth
century the dagger became a fashiona
ble weapon, worn by civilians, soldiers
and sailors alike, as well as by ladies,
and on its ornameution vast sums were
expended. Gold and rare jewels dcked
not only its hilt but the sheath as well,
and it was worn suspended bychains of
gold and gemmed baldric. In the four
teenth, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
it reached its highest perfection both in
effectiveness and ornamentation, and
since those times no improvements have
been made in it. It has been tried to
turn the handle into a pistol, and thus
produce a combined weapon warrauted
to kill at both ends, but the innovation
has not been favorably received. In the
mode of carrying the dagger, Ehud,
above named, was a little old-fashioned.
It is now variously worn in the bosom,
garter, and up the sleeve, and very bad
men carry it down their backs or in
their boots.
The name dagger has never been pop
ular in America. It is too old and in
expressive. In its stead we playfully
substitute "tickler,"' "toothpick." etc.,
while very staid people call it "bowie
knife." Some gentle creatures, how
ever, even here "look daggers." pre
sumably because it would sound very
unpoetic to look bowie-knives, ticklers,
or tooth-picks. Industrial World.
The Wo.Hon of Capri-
The Capri women are almost in
variably handsome and healthy looking.
In the course of half an hour's walk
you will distinguish in the women and
girls you meet pure specimens of Plne
uician. Roman. Saracen, Spanish and
Greek types, survivals of the successive
conquerors of the island. But what
strikes one nio-tly is the statuesque
gracefulness f the-sp girls in all their
movements. However mean her oc
cupation, whether it be carrying build
ing stone or climbing a ladder with a
pail of mortar on her head, the Capri
ota girl will always be graceful, and the
lines of her body in motion will always
call up reminiscences of Greek art.
This fact, together with the scenery of
the island, the delicious climate, and the
cheitfiiiess of living has made Capri a
favorite resort for artists of all na
tions. Several artists have wived
with women of the country their for
mer models and settled down to a
strange half-wild ami half-civilized ex
istence. Other residents who, for
various reasons, have settled in Capri
have likewise taken unto themselves
handmaidens ami spouses from among
the women of the country; and as these
residents belong to all nationalities, with
perhaps a majority of Anglo-Saxons,
you may imagine what a curious, het
erogeneous, and thoroughly unconven
tional affair Canriote "society" is. A
man who has had the force of character
to cut himself otl'from the life of cities,
and to come and live, vear in and year
out, in beautiful, calm, and sleepy
Capri, is a widely different creature
from the ordinary mortal, for whom it
is extreme bliss to take an excursion
train to Heme Bay. where he sits upon
the beach, binds a green bandana round
his head, and reads the Morning Pod.
All the foreign residents in Capri are
characters who would repay study, and
their ideas and manner of living would
not prove an ungrateful subject for the
novelist. London World.
Greatly Misjudged.
She "No, Mr. Blank, I cannot be
come your wife. You are in earnest, I
know," and you are wealthy and of good
family; but I cannot trust my happiness
in vour hands. "
lion. Mr. Blank "But you will
surely tell me your reason. It must be
based 11 some mistake."
Sue "It is not. I am a good reader
of character, and I know from the hard
lines around your lips that you have not
one particle of true, kindly feeling in
your eompoition. You do not even
pet your pretty dog, which frequently
tries every way to gain your attention'
Hon. Mr. Blank "Dogs are not hu
man beings."
She "Well, then, to speak of human
beings. As long as I have known you I
have not seen vou as much as look at a
child."
Hon Mr. Blank "I will take my
oath that I have fondled scores of
children, and mure than that, I have
kissed hundreds, nav, thousands of
babies."
She-"Oh! how I have misjudged
you! When was it?"
Hon
Mr. Blank "When
Philadelphia Call.
I ran for
office."
In Mianns, Conn., there is a house
built twenty-live years ago by a man
named Van Xostrend, who has lived in
it all these years without removing the
scaffolding that was used in its erection.
Only part of the rooms are finished, and
it is said that the house was left in that
condition to escape the payment of
law's. Hartford Courant.
FERSONAL AND IMPERSONAL.
A girl at Phoenix, A. T., has been
handicapped for life with the name of
"Fan Rosa Beauty Spot Temptation
Toueh-Me-Not."
. Anthony Arnoux, who committed
suicide in New York recently, was the
first man to solicit baggage carrying
from incoming trains. N. Y. Sun.
Captain Jali3 B. Eades is the first
American that ever received the English
Society of Arts medal for successful
service in engineering science. Chi-
cago Herald. . -
The mother;;oCharlcy Ross suffers
constantly fromQmelancholy. She
never expects to find' her " boy, and it
wbuld .be a relief to he4olcnav that he
was dead Philadelphia Tress.. , A.
-Ex-United States Treasurer.Bpin
ner is.now living in Jacksonville, Fla".
He ':4,eighty-twoTears old.hale" and.
hearty, tie spends a greater part of
his time fishing and gathering shells.
.The wife of an Episcopal clergy
man in Minnesota is afflicted with a
terrible malady! Her - bones have
turned virtually into chalk, and are so
fragile that she can scarcely move with
out breaking th em. Chicago Herald.
V Walter C. Squire, the new Governor
of Washington Territory, is an Ohio?
man by birth. He lived for years at
Ilion, Y. and married Philo;Rem
ingtonjs daughter. He has been a
resident of Seattle for several years.
Cleveland Leader. . ... ... r
The oldest delegate , to , the demo
cratic National Convention was Dr.
Uriah Terrill, of "Virginia, who is ninety-two
years of age served in the war
of 1812, entered politics in Jackson's
first campaign, .and went first to a Na
tional Convention as a delegate in 1844
to vote and work for Henry Clay. Chi
cago Xews.
What was believed to be one of the
pirate Kidd's treasure boxes was un
earthed recently by a party of Italian
emigrants near Berkshire, Conu. In a
powder horn, tipped with silver and
covered with hieroglyphics, were found
some old English coins, a Spanish
doubloon, and a piece o parchment.
Hartford Courant.
One of the most popular as well as
the most useful men in Atkinson, Me.,
is John Hornish, who is a blacksmith
by trade, but he is also a lawyer and
the spare room of his bouse is his office.
Furthermore, has a dentist's chair in
one corner of his store, and when busi
ness is otherwise light he practices the
trade of cabinet-making. Boston Post.
An old Indiana railroad man re
cently remarked that ninety-live per
cent, of the accidents which occur
when men are coupling cars are through
their own recklessness or want of at
tention. In his large experience he
said he had never known a half dozen
cases where men had been injured in
coupling cars if they had been duly
careful. A'. 1'. Post.
We learn from the Colonics that a
monkey signalman manages the rail
way traffic at Whitenhage, South Af
rica. The human signalman has had
the misfortune to lose both his legs, and
has trained a baboon to discharge his
duties. Jacko pushes his master about
on a trolly, and under his direction
works the lever to set the signals, with
a most ludicrous imitation of humanity.
He puts down the lever, looks round to
see that the correct sign d is up, and
then gravely watches the approaching
train, his master being at hand to cor
rect anv mistake.
"A LITTLE NONSENSE.
Patti's frieuds at home find her
"dreadfully tanned." Probably be
cause, when she came to this country,
she left her Paris-all behind her, W.
A. CrojJ'nt.
"Did you ' ever keep a boarding
house?" asked Jones of Smith. "Well,
no; not exactly," was the reply, "al
though I once boarded a Mississippi
steamboat," Washington Hatcut.
"Have you rgot the rent ready at
last?" "No, ir ma went out washing
and forgot to put it out for you before
she left." "How do you know she for
got to put it out?" "Well, she told me
so." Chicaao Times.
A Vermont girl, who has married
a young man by the name of William,
says that she intends no treason in
affirming that hereafter she will follow
the. dictates of her own sweet Will.
Burlingtim Free Press.
A barber says barbers nre forever
saying something that it is the rich and
not the poor man who becomes bald the
soonest. The barber is probably right.
A poor man's blessing you know. The
less there is to inherit, the more abun
dant the heirs. Boston Transcript.
"Oh, when will my love come back ?"
sings a plaintive poetess. That depends
largely upon your own exertions, dear.
If you will chain up the dog, hide your
father's Tjoots, and persuade your
mother that when the clock strikes nine
it is high time all old people were in
bed, you may hear something from the
young man. Exchange.
"Shall I sing 'When the Robins
Nest Again,' darling?" she asked with
a sweet smile as she moved towards the
piano. "Yjes, love," he replied; then,
after a moment's pause he added, "Al
low me to call your attention to the fact
that the robins won't nest again till next
3ear. She did not sing, and he doesn't
go there any more. Sornerville Journal.
HUMOROUS.
An ostrich egg is worth one hun
dred dollars. Does anybody know anj'
thing that will beat an ostrich egg?
Lowell Courier. Try an ax." Boston
Post.
When Fogg came into the room un
expectedly Mrs. F. gave a scream and
exclaimed: "You frightened me half to
death." "Did I?" was the un'eeling
reply; "suppose I try it over agaiu?"
Uo ton Transcript.
A young gentleman wishes to know
which is proper to say on leaving a
young lady Iriend after a late call
good-night or good-evening. Never
tell a lie, young man. Say good-itioru-ing.
flurlington Free Press.
"You are lucky," said a criminal
lawyer to his client, a thief. "Am I
acquitted?" inquired the thief. "No,
not that." replied the lawyer, "but you
will be the lirst inmate of the new pris
on, and you will get a write-up as su -h."
Oalreston Aw.
A Story of a Tree-Fropr.
One sultry night, in Indiana, I sat
busily writing upstairs close to an open
window. My lamp, placed upon my
desk, attracted countless numbers of the
insect world that come out to see their
friends only alter dark; there was a
constant buzz around the lamp, and
many a scorched victim, falling on its
back vainly kicked its little legs in the
air.
Suddenly a clear low whistle sounded
from the window a whistle somewhat
like the sound made when a boy blows
into the orifice of a trunk-key. Startled
for a moment, I turned my chair and
beheld on the window-sill- a little
tree-frog gravely , looking at me.
His skin of an exquisite ;pale apple-
freen jcojor shone in the lamp-light,
earful that I might frighten him away,
i .sat motionless in the chair, watching
ua-4ntently. Presently he 'gave-v an
other little whistle, as clear and sharp
as a bird-note. , He .was evidently mak
ing up his mind that I was to be trusted
(a confidence not misplaced), and soon
he cave an easy spring and was on the
desk- before me. I hardly dared to
breathe, lest he should be alarmed.
He lookeJ at me carefully . for a few
mmutC3; and then hopped under the
lamp, he hegaji a slaughter of the insect
creation, such as I had never before
witnessed. He captured in a Cash any
careless fly or moth thatcame near him,
declining to touch the dead Ones that
had cremated themselves.;-
After half an hour's enjoyment of this
kind, my : apple-greeiK friend hopped
rather lazily across the desk, repeated
the whistle with which; he had entered
as if to say good,-night and went
out into the dark. I proceeded with
my work and soon forgot my .visitor.
But judge my surprise when on the
next night he again, appeared, again
signaled his coming fwith his musical
cry, . and again took? up his position
under my lamp. !; - .
For nearly three weeks did my small
friend visit my. room nightly, and he
and I became greats friends. House
flies were his special delicacy. Stealth
ily crawling up the painted wall, cling
ing to the smooth surface with - the
little disks, or suckers, on his feet, he
would draw close up to his body first
one leg and then the other, and when
within proper distance he would dart
forward ami, snatching the fly, would
swing head downward, his hind feet
firmly glued to the wall! Then, attach
ing his forefeet, he would move on in
quest of another.
He never missed his aim. and he
would quietly and calmly zigzag up
and down the side wall after every fly
he saw there. He became quite accus
tomed to me, and would hop on my
hand, and sit there looking at me with
a grave composure ludicrous to be
hold. T. Lancet) in St. Xicholas.
The Sajrnenay River.
The round trip from Quebec up the
Saguenay River is about four hundred
a-id seventy miles, and occupies forty
eight hours. Leaving Quebec in the
morning one is down the St. Lawrence
about one hundred miles to Tadousac,
the mouth oi" the Saguenay, at night,
and is up that river to Chicoutimi. one
hundred and thirty-live miles further,
in the morning, while the next da is
given to viewing the grand scenery- as
the steamer returns. The great features
of the river are its mountain banks,
rising from one to two thousand feet,
and this for seventy-live miles. The
depth of the water in many places is
something like a thousand feet. The
steamer runs in close to Capo Trinity
to allow the passengers a vertical look
up the eli.l', and vou think the steam
boat almost upon the bank of solidl
rock. A pail of pebble stones stands on
deck, however, for experimenting, and
not a passenger can hurl one with sutfi
cient force to strike the rock, so. decep
tive is the distance.
There are no lights on the shore for
signals, and in a tog or thick darkness
at night the steamers are run by the
whistle, the echo of which, between the
two abrupt banks marks the distance
from the shore. The population of the
Saguenay region is very largely French,
and the ladies of our party found a good
opportunity to use all they could com
mand of the language, bot:i here and at
Quebec, especially with table waiters,
some of whom had but a mere smatter
ing of English. In one instance one ol
the party put back the joke upon a
French gentleman, who politely cor
rected a mistake, by citing the labori
ous efforts of a certain Frenchman with
English, who remarked: "My wife he
be sick; the doctor she come.' But the
last clause might be all rilit in these
modern days. Congregationalisl.
His Recipe.
The old adage "Hunger makes the
best sauce," was amusingly illustrated,
some years ago, at a dinner-party in
Philadelphia, given . by Commodore
Bainbridgo. Among the guests was
Silas Dinsmoor, who had been United
States Agent among the Chcrokco Iudi
ans. The conversation drifted upon the
merits of the difl'ercnt brands of hams,
and Mr. Dinsmoor remarked:
" I do not think the quality of a ham
depends so much on the brand as on
the cooking."
"Well, sir, be good enough to give
us a recipe for cook'ug a ham," said
Mrs. Bainbridge, a lady famous for her
culinary skill.
"Take a ham of any of the approved
brands," said the guest, bowing to tho
hostess, "wash it clean, put it in a pot
and cover with cold water, place it over
the. lire and bring it nearly to the boil
ing point; keep it there until thorough
ly tender, and let it boil rapidly a few
minutes. Then take it off the fire, wrap
it in a coarse cloth, plan; it in a knap
sack, bind the knapsack upon ycur
shoulder, then march twenty-live miles
through the woods, taking a bee-lino
over logs and brush-piles, and you will
lin-1 the ham possessed of a most ex
quisite flavor.
There was silence for a moment after
the guest had given his iccipe. Then
there was a burst of laughter, as all
saw what it was that gave the ham its
appetizing flavor. Youth's Companion.
Among tho nearly one hundred
memorial stones thus far contributed to
the Washington Monument is one from
Vesuvius, sent by Mr. William Terrell,
of Georgia.
A Glimpse of Tunis. , j
In the foreground, at a distance of
seven miles, was the city of Tunis, sit
uated at the head of the great salt lake
which reparates it from, the sea Its
houses and long walls were daringly
white in the hot sun a characteristic
whic h, taken in connection with its pe
culiar shape, spreading out, as it does,
between its two salt lakes, has given it
the name of "Born--us of the prophet."
On the right was Cape Carthage, and
on the hills behind it were manv beau
tiful residences and palaces, witli their
groves of oranges and palm trees. One
ef the most prominent objects was ' the
chapel erected to the memory j of St.
Louis, who died here at the time of the
last crusade. Near this spot were the
mounds indicating the situation of
Carthage. In front, on the loir land
which separates the lake from the bay,
was the town of Goletta, with its anti
quated fort, und?- -the watts' of which
was the water - ' of thq Bey, 'with
its white f wai "und green 'blinds.
To the left w-;e the barren hills
called the Lead Mountains- while in,
the distance were the blue summits of
the Laghouan range of mountains in
dicating the position of Kairwan, the
holy city -of North Africa, where the
beard of the prophet is preserved In
the bay, which can hardly be called a
harbor, exposed as it is to all northeast
storms, were a French gun-boat and
several steamer and 'sailing vessels un
loading into lighters. As no health offic
er answred our signal, we concluded to
look for him. Accordingly the party
was rowed ashore, passing up 'the nar
row passage which communicates with
the salt lake. Here we saw tle 'small
vessels with latten sails, built probably
upon the same pattern as the piratical
craft which ravaged the Mediterranean,
and even captured ships in thej English
Channel.; At the beginning of the pre
sent century all the States of J Europe
paid tribute to the Bey of Tunis, the
last payment having been made by
Sweden in 1827. The items of one pay
ment by the United States in j 1790 are
as follows: Fifty thousand collars cash;
eight thousand dollars for secret ser
vice; twenty-eitgh cannons of ciliber
twelve, fo irteen, eight; seven thousand
cannon balls; three hundred quintals of
gunpowder; four hundred quintals of
cordage, and a quantity of jewels. At
this time societies were formed for ran
soming prisoners: the usual price pa d
was from one hundred to two hundred
dollars, double the amount being paid
for female prisoners. After landing we
succeeded in finding the health officer,
and after our papers had been examined
we proceeded to look about the place.
The town is small, flat, dusty, and unin
teresting. It has one broad J principal
street leading down to the railroad sta
tion, with numerous small, dirty lanes
branching off from it. The streets were
filled with Arabs, Moors,! Jews, etc., of
all shades of color. About jlhe coffee
homes were groups of French and
Tunisian soldiers, while the background
was tilled in with pigs, donkeys, dogs.
and camels. Here we ifirsti saw the
peculiar costume worn by the Jewish
women, consisting of a poinfed cap, a
blouse reaching a little belowj the wa:st,
and fght white trousers, with smail
slippers protecting half the itoot. The
women were, as a rulej very fat, and
the whole e fleet was quite
Cor. Boston Transcrid. j
Striking.
Military Berlin.
One certainly sees more poldiers in
the streets of Berlin than in those of
London and Par's, but! one does not
see many of tl. em, and j they form al
together but a small minority of tho
people one meets when jwalking about
Berlin. And that is easy to explain;
soldiers do not play at soldieijing here as
French schoolboys have, done latterly.
Fighting is considered bythe Germans
a buiness, or a trade, j or an art as
you may like to call itj which is to be
learned very seriously, and which keeps
thejyoungmen, who areinoens volens de
voted toit. duringalmostthewholeday in
their quarters or on thej parade ground.
As to the officers, they art) nearly as
much taken up by their workjas the most
hard-working official, mercantile clerk,
or artisan. The Lieutenant of the guards,
who has nothing to do but to show his
line uniform in the streets, exists only
in the imagination of people who have
never seen him.
That
aristocrats
youn
gentleman generally beg'ns
his
work at six o'clo
k in
the
imornirg in
summer and eight o'clock
in xviuter
five or six
and is tired out when at
o'clock in the evening ho
has at last
o-rifr. tlirnncrli if It. n not lie. eprtninl v.
It
who crowds the streets ot Berlin, lie
has other things to do than to walk
about even when he happens to be on
leave. There is, howeverl something
military to be seen in the streets ot
Berlin at nearly every hour! of the day,
which may have struck the Parisian
newspaper writer.tho! gh k does not
belong exclusively to Berlinjbut to all the
larger German towus where soldiers are
garrisoned. Every now and then, es
pecially about noon, ! you will meet
smail "detachments of sofldicrs four,
six, perhaps ten or twenty tucn -marching
from the guard-housb to relieve
the sentries on duty at the palaces of
members of the Imperial family, the
re idences of commanding officers and
certain public buildings such as the
Ministry of War, the staflps office, the
arsenal, eW. These soldiers, preceeded
by a sergeant, walk in the middle of the
street with long, regular, J quiet steps,
almost leisurly. Suddenly a sharp
word of command is heard. An officer
or an Imperial carriage isjin sight. The
men all at once seem to have been
struck by a galvanic battery, and from
that in-taut to move under some strange
and irresistible influence. J With a kind
of spasmodic jerk straighten them
selves up to their full height, their heads
and shoulders are thrown hack. their eyes
are fixed on one and j tho same point
the passing officer; the pile is held in
a firm grasp ly the powerful hand, and
the feet violently throAn (forward as by
machinery, produce, as they tread the
hard pavement at short, regular in
tervals a loud and yet muffled sound,
familiar to the native of Berlin, and
which causes him to look
those from whom it pro
round toward
eeds. Black-
u-ootis jflaqazinc.
J. W. Lamotte and James M. John
son are two printers whoj the Savannah
Sew; boasts, have served forty-eight
and forty-nine years j at
are still hale and hearty.
the case, and
"Peoples liar Changed.'
-
"Der clothing peesness,' he replied,
as he wiped his face with a red bandana
and sat down on a $2 trunk at the door,
"vhas vhat you might call blayed oudt.
ft vhas hard scratching to make a fol
iar." "But people wear clothes all the
time."
"Oxactly, but peoples haf changed a
gfod deal. Some folks vhas all for
style, and dey go to a tailor to get a fit
Odder peoples puy ready-made clothing,
but so nianp of us vhas in der peesness
dot it vhas hard sledding. Eafery man
look der goots all oafer for cotton, und
it vhas hard to decoive him."
vWhat do you ask for that tweed
suit?''
"Vhcll. .ny first price on dot suit vhas
$14. Af;er I talk for ten minutes I drop
to $12. . If der customer pegins to pull
but cotton fibers I make der prico $10,
at vhich I put . my hand on my heart
und assure him dot I lose oafer tree tol
lar.' .-
' "But L he doesn't take it?"
Vliell. 1 go oudt und my vhife sells it
to him for $9 as a great favor. Der
vhas no more brofit in tweed suits. I haf
to pay $4 in Rochester."
"I suppose you make up on trunks
and satchels?"
'Make oop! Vhy, man, it vhas dot
part of der peesness vhat ruins me!
Look here! Here vaas a trunk mit a
patent lock and all conveniences dot 1
ask $4 io:. If I doan' get so much I
drop to $3. If der shentleman says he
look aroundt a leedle, I tell him to take
it along for $2, but it vhas sooch a loss
my children cry all night long."
"They must cost you nearlv that."
"Vhe'll I. haf an undo who makes
,der wood work, a brudder who puts on
der lock, a sister wh ) papers der inside,
und my fadder screws on der hinges,
und by sweeping oudt my own store I
vhas able to puy dot trunk for sixty
cents."
- "Do you ever let a customer go out
without buying?"
"Vhell, I doan' remember of sooch a
calamity. If I can't sell him, my vhife
comes in ami tries it. If she can't sell
h m, her sister omes in und speaks
like an ang A. Sometimes a man vhas
sharp as steel. He vhants an eighteen
dollar suit for twelve dollars. He
knows dot we haf to sacrifice, peoause
our stock vhas too large, und he hangs
off und peats aroundt, und I finally
close der bargain und assure him dot
I leaf for der County House to-morrow."
"And you lose "
"Vhell, dot suit cost e $5.23 in Ro
chester." "I guess you'll pull through."
"I hope S'. You" see, I 1 f oop-stairs
to sa-e house rent. I keep no clerks
to embezzle from me. I use some kero
sene to save gas. My rent vhas low
pecause I vhas a good tenant. I haf
aunts und uncles und brudders in tier
clothing und trunk peesness. I vhas
ac jiiaiuted with Vanderbilt and Gould.
I puys when it vhas hard times. I dis
count my own paper. All dhis vhas
werry favorable for my peesness, and it
vhas dose re isons dot makes rue offer
you a complete- suit of dot French
broadcloth for twenty-two dollars. I
assure you dot it vhas der greatest bar
gain in der world"
"And that suit cost you "
"Seven dollar in Rochester, but if
you pay fourteen dollars faro to Roches
ter and back, lose two days und vhas
out four dollars for hotel bill how much
you make, eh? You must think of
dose things." Detroit Free Press.
Too Much Stndj.
Recently an English higher Court
had be'ore it on appeal a case of as
sault by a teacher on a pupil who had
far led to learn certain lessons that
would have had to be studied at home.
Both courts decided that "home lessons
set by tea -hers can not be inforced."
The case has not infrequently come up
for discussion in regard to our own pub
lic schools, and, apart from the mani
fest impropriety of teachers throwing
any portion of their work upon parents
and this is practically the result of
home study -- mors serious objection
is in the increase of the hours of study
thus occasioned. Children, as a rule,
do all the work that is good for them in
school hours, and it is neither good
policy nor wise culture to fore them
during their hours of freedom, which
should either be devoted to recreation,
or to proper home duties. Two weeks
ago a young girl living near Pittsburgh,
Pa., committed suicide because of de
spondency brought on by over-study
and a fear of being behind in her class.
The responsibility of teachers rests
quite as often in tho necessity for re
pressing the anbition of their pupils as
in stimulating it. Certainly, whether a
child be an apt scholar or a dolt, all
t hat is right and necessary in the way
of education can bo effected without
either overtaxing or drawing upon time
which should not be at tho teacher's
command. Toledo Blade.
A Pinafore Punster Punished.
A young man appeared. before a com
mittee of the Board of Education yes
terday afternoon and applied for a pro
motion from a high-school junior to a
senior class. He explained with re
freshing coolness that he was satisfied
that he would have passed tho exami
nation last term but for a most unfortu
nate episode. Director Cleveland told
the youth to proceed, and he said: 4 1
was absent from the class-room a min
ute during the examination iu geometry
and some one placed a ben pin in my
chair in a position to do the most harm.
There was mly one pin, but I got it,
and uttered an explanation at the same
time. The teacher said he never saw
such a thing done with a 'pin-a-fore,'
at east not when he was a bey. I said
'What, never?' and he Fent mo to the
Principal for impudence, and the Prin
cipal suspended me, and I missed the
examination. I thought I had as much
right to dig up the joke as the teacher
had."
When the high-school boy ceased the
committee viewed him sternly until Mr.
Moulder motioned him to retire. A
vote was instantly taken and the boy's
request emphatically refused.'. San
Francisco Call.
Statistics show that murderers sen
tenced to prison for life live to an a
beyond the average of those who hav
to work for a living amid the exposuu
of the outsido world.
Wonderful Dakota.
"Speakin' of the pcrductive soil,"
said the man from Dakota, "the half
has never been told. The newspapers
have gone jest as fur as they dared, an1
though they have shot away under the
mark, the editors have bin denounced
as three-ply liars by the hull East Pcr
ductive soil? Why, pardner, thatdon't
express it! I remember last fall I was
walkin' across my claim an found ' a
big log chain about twelve feet long. I
dragged it into my shack, an' happened
to notice a peculiarity about tho nook,
the point o' which was in the form of
a snake's head. All to once I remem
bered havin' lost a steel watch chain
about two months afore, an', pardner,
I hope 1 may never see that claim agin
if that soil hadn't tuk hold o' that
chain an it growed to the size do
scribed. Why, sir, it's wonderful!"
He gazed around at the faces of tlie
Herab' staff in search of Tpoksof doubt,
but all being serene, he continued:
"One evenin's jest afore dark, mv
wife looked outen tho window an'
said': 'John, I believe that calf's stuck
down thar in that swampy spot.' 1
told her I guess not, an' we didn't give
the critter another thought. When I
got up next morn in an' went out to do
the chores I'm a bald-headed liar from
tho Jim River if thar wan t a full-
grown steer a standin' whar that calf
was the night afore, stuck fast in tho
mil l. It was the soil, gents, tho pow'
ful, perductive soil that had growed
that calf into a steer in a single night.
It beats the hull world:"
He munched at his quid of tobacco a
few moments and went on:
'We never think o' settin' hens on eggs
out thar. We jest bury the egg in tho
ground, an' the next mornin' we have a
chicken big enough to kill for break
fast. Jim Daniels, a near neighbor o'
mine, is makin' oceans o' money rais
ing telegraph poles. Ho jest sticks
wooden tooth-picks in the ground and
gives the soil a lick at 'em, an' when
they're big enough for poles he pull
'em up. He shipped a car-load to Far
go day aforo yisterday. That soil 'ud
raise the dead. 'A few weeks ago my
wife sail: Why, John, I b lievo
you've took to growiu' agin!' I inea.C-
ured myself, an 1 hope (abncl 11 miss
me at tlie final round-up if I hada'tTgrow n
six inches in two weeks. I couldn't
account for it for some time, till at
last I tumbled to the fact that thav war
holes in my boots an' I hadn't washed
washed my feet doorin' tho tiruo men
tioned. The infernal soil got in thar
an' done its work. Did you see that
boy that was with me on tho street this
mornin'? Looks like he was about
eighteen years old. Wal, about two
months ago my wife sot our six-months-old
kid down in the plowed
ground to play, an1 gent, I'll be billy
dog-gone if But you wouldn't be
lieve that if I told it. Yes, it's a won
derful country, gents; a wonderful
count ry!I could sit here fur a year re
latin' actual facts, but I must rush out
an' do some tradin'. I've got to buy a
hatchet to shingle my barn with. 1
left my old hatchet out over night last
week an" in the mornin' it war a full
grown ax. Good-bye.'
And begot up and walked out wear
ing the meek expression of a saint.
S. Paul Herald.
The Host Tobac?o-ripc.
If all pipes were equally durable,
they might be classed, according to
their merit, as follows; 1. Solt earthen
pipe; 'J. Meerschaum; 3. Hard earthen
pipe; 4. Wooden pipe; 6. Porcelain
pipe: (!. Metallic pipe.
The white earthen pipe, porous anil
permeable to liquid, is put lirst, be-.
cause it is a good absorber of nicotine:
the metallic pipe is put last, because it
allows all tho noxious product formed
during the combustion of the tobacco
to reach the mouth of the smoker. Tho
meerschaum, which immediately follows
the clay pipe, deserves its place onlv
on condition that it is not too olf.
If it is seasoned.it is as bad as a wooden or
porcelain pipe. The seasoning of which
poets have sung, may be full of charm
for the amateur; to tho hygienist, it
simply indicates that the pipe h:us had
its day, and is now saturated with
tobac. -o-j nice . and that it must bo re
placed by another one, or bo passed
through the lire to purify it, as is
done in tho coffee-house of Holland.
Every old pipe, browned with long use.
leaves on the lips aud tongue an acrid
and strong-smelling liquid which irri
tate the tissue and corrode tho
mucous secretions. When it has reached
this condition, the finest meerschaum
is no better than the meanest scor. h
throat. Independently of tho sub
stance, the form of the pipe has an in
fluence on the proportion of noxiou
ingredient which tobacco-smoke con
tan.. Turkish and Indian pipes, in w hich "
tobacco is burned slowly, discharging
its sm ;ke through a liquid, arrest a
large propo lion of the poisonous ingre
dients. The bowl of tho German pipe
retains the greater part of the oily
products; the Dutch and Enzlish clay
pipes retain less. Tho metallic pipes
of Thibct, becoming heated, carry to
the mouth not only brown liquid sat
urated with nicotine, but also a smoko
hot enough to burn tho tongue. Dr.
Felix Brcmont, in Popular Science
Monthly.
The Compass.
The compass is supposed to have
been invented by the Chinese 2C34 B.
C, or more than 4,.r(K) years ago. It
was undoubtedly used by the Chinese at
a very early period, being mentioned
in their ancient book. It first men
tion in European history was in tho
twelfth century A. D., when it was said
to have been used in ship at sea about
the 3 ear 1100. The magnetic meridian
was discovered by accident from tho
incorrect poinMng or variation of tho
needle, lirst noticed by Robert Norman
in lo80. who found the variation to bo
then 11 deg. lj min. cast at London.
In 1 6."7 there was no 'variation there,
and in 1815 it was-24 deg. 27 min.
west. In 182 it was .explained by Dr.
Halley in a paper to tho English Royal
Philosophical Society, lie showed that
the variation was duo to the magnet ism
of the earth, which had what he then
called magnetic po'es, difleriug from
the ttirestrial pol . He also showed '
that the variation was not constant and
differed in various localities The north
magnetic pole is about -'0 deg. from tho
geographical pole. The magnetic
needle points tdthe north on both sides
of the equator. .V. '. Times. '