The Columbian., January 25, 1884, Image 1

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J' C jS.
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THE COLUMBIAN.
Published Evert Fhidat,
AT
ST. HELENS, COLUMBIA CO., OR.,
" BY
THE COLUMBIAN.
Published Every Fiuday,
at
ST. HELENS, COLUMBIA CO., OK.,
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E. Q. ADAMS, Editor and Proprietor.
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VOL. IV.
ST. HELENS, COLUMBIA COUNTY, OREGON, JANUARY 25, 1884.
NO. 25.
v . s .
THE 'COLUMBIAN.''
. in
-; r
Buck Cantrill.
Yietorio Spring (Tex.) letter in Philadelphia
Times.!
This is not much .f a place and never will
bo. A tiny creek II.. ws from the spring and
its waters are nti'.;;-.l for Irriirathi:; purposes.
About two jii.;:t-.-. fii.ia the spring the ereek
loses itself in the sandy alkali soil, and here
the farm ends. The proprietor) f Victorio
. Spring raises corn, potataes.khaws and
barley, and sells all tliat his plaice produces at
a good price. His farm comprises about one
hundred acres, but that is a hig tract to work
on the frontier, where agricultural labor is
crude and untrained and tb$ implements of
agriculture are of the rudetVoible descrip
tion. The spring is on the gyejimeut road
which leads from Foil Davis to Toyah and
lieing a half-way water-hole, is a favorite
stopping place for the United States teams
ters. There is not much grass in the neigh
borhood of the spring, but the water is ex
cellent, and although thousands have camped
here there is still an abundance of mosquito
roots to bo found for fire-wood. I used to
stop here years ago, when there was no ranch
and no irrigating ditches. Its only visitors
were predatory Indian Itfinds and parties of
scouts and hunters.
After the Victorio raid in 1SS0 this section
of the country betran to settle up a little A
few cowmen came in and located ranches,
and at the princinal springs and water holts
lojxiia nviv jam aim uiiaiiu,, uului.?
dug. The hacienda at Victorio was the first
one built Immediately following the arrival
of the honest emigrants there was a consider
able influx of desperadoes and rustlers, and
we were kept tolerably busy rounding them
up. There is a small trading store hero and
1 am writing this letter at a table on the
porch. I can look over a w ide field to a thick
matte of willows and cottouwoods. Under the
spreading branches of one of the largest of
the last named trees is a grave, the history of
which I propose to tell. It was unmarked
until a few months ago, when it was enclosed
by a neat railing and a stono was set up at
its bead. Flowers have been planted oh the
grave, and the dark-eyed machaco who ac
companied me to the sot when I visited it a
few minutes since explained the reason of the
change. The headstone is a plain shaft of
white marble ami bears this inscription:
BUCKLER CANTRILL,
Died October ?, li0,
At; ed 2S Years.
He was a good Son.
I knew Buck Cantrill well. I was one of
the party that rounded his outfit up and I
stood beside him when ho died from the
wounds received during his last fight. Buck
was a brave man and he died game. He was
a typical Texas bad man a gambler and a
robber, and possessed of such daring that
no danger daunted him. He first distinguished
himself in Menard and Mason counties, where
he "punched cows"' for a living. Becoming
embroiled in one of the many cow wars,
which for several years raged fiercely in
these counties, he killed a man, saved himself
from the penitentiary through powerful influ
ence and lxx-ame a rustler. He w-as on the
fugitive list for several 3-ears, and ' although
rounded up many times by the civil officers
and the state troops always managed to es
r.. i rt : i - it .l.'..lw.
cape. He came up into .rresiujo m tlie sum
mer of IV, ami at. nrst operate! in com-
jany with Jesse Evans, who was "Billy the
Kid's" partner prior to the breaking out of
the "Lincoln county, New Mexjco.eow war.
Buck found it imprissible to get along with
Evans, and after making one or two raids
with that celebrated desperado, he branched
out for himself, and beiug joined by several
men as desperate as himself, liecamo their
leader. The outfit had a camp in the Prison
mountains, and for several months they were
a terror to ranchmen and the overland trav
elers. We got on their trail in tho early art
of September, lS-SO, and pushed them so
clcselv that they were obliged to break their
camp and seek a more secluded hiding place
in the Mountains of Death.
. ...
It was wmie tney were in this new camp
that Buck started to pay a visit to El Paso
for the purpose of purchasing some necessary
supplies. He went by way of Cariza pass
and traveled alone. On the night of the 11th
of September he camped at a little water-
hole about twelve miles southwest of Ante
lope spring and near the head of Arache
pas-s. His journey that day hail leen over
high mountains and through rough and
rocky canyons, and he was very tired. After
picketing his horse he ate supper and then
rolled himself in his blanket to get the sleep
he stood so much in need of. His eyes were
hardly closed when he heard the tramp of
horses coming np the pas. Hastily spring
ing to his feet he kicked aside the smoulder
ing remains of his camp Are ami saddled his
horse. He was just on the point of mounting
w hen the on-coming outfit galloped up to tho
identical water-hole at which ho was camped
and he found his retreat cut off. It was a party
of rangers returning from a scout afterlndians
in the Sierra Diablo, and when Buck at
tempted to lead his horse by them lie was
discovered and sternly commanded to halt.
Instead' of 'obeying this mandate he sprang
upon the Mack of his horse and dashed down
the canyon. The rangers discharged their
feix-shooters at the fleeing man and several of
them started in pursuit. His horse had been
badly wounded and he only rode him a few
hundred yartis when the animal fell dead.
Buck was wounded also through tho right
shoulder, but he disengaged himself from tho
dead horse and broke for tho chapparal just
as the rangers dathed up. Wo lieat tho
mesquite brush pretty thoroughly in search
of him, but, the night being dark, wo Were
unable to find him and we returned to tho
water-hole, carrying his horse trappings and
"Winchester. It was from some papers found
in the saddle pockets that we were able to
establish the identity of tho man and the
next morning we made further search for
his trail After a great deal of difficulty it
was found, but we could only follow it a
short distance, on account of tho rocky
nature of the ground.
Buck ascended the mountain on tho left of
the water-hole, and finding some water among
the rocks on top dressed his wound and took
down tho ridge toward Victorio. He hail lost
considerable blood and felt weak. All night
ho walked and tho sun was several hours
high whea he reached a point opptsito the
spring. He was now completely broke down
and hunger added to his misery. In his flight
he had dropped his six-shooter, and although
there was an abundance of small game about
him he was unable to kill any. He deter
mined to go down to the spring and beg for
something to eat. Tho owner of the littlo
"arm at this time was a man named Born
well, and he had a cow and sheep ranch
above tho fpring. His family lived at tho
spring. Descending the mountain Buck ap
proached tho casa boldly. Born well's wife
met him at tho door, aud he saw from tho
quick start that she gave at the sight of his
faco that she recogniz -d him.
"You know mef" he said.
'Yes, "answered tho woman. "You are
Buck Canti ilL"
"And I'm wounded, hungry and unarmod,"
he said, holding up the arm he had rudely
bandaged. "I took some horses from your
range once"'
"Never mind that," interposed the woman.
"Come in."
"J haven't any money to pay you," he
added, pausing In tho doorway. , But
"That's all right," she said, interrupting'
him. "Let mo look at your arm, and when
I have fixed that Til get you bo mo brook-,
fast"
-Buck sat down near a window and the
woman dressed his arm. Afterward she pre
pared him some breakfast.
"You look tired and sleepy," she said,
when he rose from the table.
"Yes," he answered, "I am very sleepy. -walked
all night."
"There is a good lied in the other room,"
said Mrs, Born well. "Lie down aud get some
sleep You will not bo disturbed and I will
wake you up before night"
"Whore's Boniwelir
"He's out on the range and will not be back
before to-morrow."
Back hesitated a moment, but was finally
prevailed uikki to lie down, and he soon fell
iuto a profound sleep. Early in the afternoon
the rangers who had surprised him the night
before rode up to the spring aud several of
the men went iuto Bora well's house. They
little dreamed that in tho next room the
dreaded rustler, was quietly sleeping. The
rangers made a camp and cooked their dinner
at the spring, and when they finally rode
away Mrs. Born well awakened Buck. She
had dinner ready for him and w hile he was
eating she told him about the rangers.
"There is a good pony iu the corral," she
said, finally, "but it Itelongs to our Sally.
She's at school now at Davis, and if anythiug
should happen to 'Billy' she'd cry her eyes
out. If j-ou'll promise to send the pony back
you can ride him away, for you are too weak
to walk."
A mist dimmed the rustler's eyes and his
voice trembled a little when he sj oke.
"I'm a hard case," he said, "and everybody
gives me a bad name, but I never forget a
kindness and you have been as good to me as
a mother."
His voice softened at the mention of that
name and for a moment he was silent.
Finally he spoke:
"If you'll trust me with the pony I'll see
that he is brought baek," he said.
Mrs. Borawell got a saddle, caught up the
Iony and brought him around to the door
ready to be ridden. When Buck was in the
saddle he held out his hand.
"Buck Cantrill never forgets a kindness,"
he said, "and you'll find that I'm always your
friend for my mother's sake."
Tears stoo 1 in his eyes when he rode away.
Mrs. Born well returned to her work, and
when her husband came home the next day
she said nothing to him about Buck's visit.
A three days' rest in camp brought the out
law around all right again, and one morning
he mounted his horse to take Sally Bornwell's
pony "Billy" back to Victorio Spring.
When ho rode up to the casa, a Mexican
woman came out to meet him. She told him,
in answer to his inquiry after Mrs. Borawell,
that his benefactress had been taken suddenly
ill that morning and was in bed moaning
with pain. Buck entered the house and ap
proached the liedside of the sick woman.
"Are j-ou ill" he asked.
"Yes," was the feeble answer. "It is my
heart. I shall die this time and I have no
one to send for Sally."
-141 ii go sor-herl ' Answered Buck, quickly, ,
'and fetch out a doctor, also. You will get I
better."
"No," contradicted Mrs. BornwelL "I
will die this time, I would like Sally to bo
here, but you must not go for her. There is
danger "
"Dn tho danger!" cried Buck. "I'll risk
it," and rushing from tho room he mounted
his horse again, first putting a side-saddle on
Billy for Sally Borawell to ride back.
He rxle briskly and reached the post just
after retreat. He dashed through the town
with his Winchester cocked and thrown
ac ross his arm. He was reeoguized by a hun
dred people, but no one ventured to stop him.
Riding straight to the doctor's house he called
that gentleman out on tho porch and made
known the object of his visit.
"Her daughter is going to school here," he
said in conclusion, "and I brought out this
pony for her to lido back. I'd see that she
got it myself, but I've got plenty of enemies
here and I must vamos poro pronto. Will
you see the girl and escort her homef"
"Yes," answered the surgeon, and Buck
galloped away.
He had the gauntlet of the town to run
again, and this time a deputy sheriff saw him
and hurried to the jail to notify the rangers.
The rustler was not a mile from town when a
party of men were in hot pursuit. When he
arrived at the spring the sick woman's hus
band had just returned. Mrs. Borawell was
much worse, but she was comforted by Buck's
assurance that her daughter ami the doctor
would soon bo there.
"I'd stay here with you," he said, "but I
expect there's a squad of rangers at my heels.
I'm going over on tho other side of the creek
to get a little sleep. When the doctor comes
send somebody over after mo."
He picketed his horse and lay down under
the cotton woods, about three hundred yards
from the casa. Toward morning the doctor
and the dying woman's daughter arrived.
Behind them was a squad of rangers, and
when they rode up to the door Daniel Born
well went out to meet them.
"You are hunting for Buck Cantrill?" ho
said to the sergeant in command.
"Yes," was the answer. "Have you seon
himr
"Ho was here about three hours ago."
"Where is he nowf
"What'll you give me to tellf"
"There is a reward of $1,000 out for him,'
said the sergeant "If you will tell us where
he is, and we succeed in capturing or killing
him, I'll see that you get 100."
"Make it two hundred and I'll take you to
the sjMjt where he is now sleeping."
"All right!" cried tho sergeant, and he or
dered the men to dismount
Borawell' conducted us through the corn
field and we crossed the creek below tho
matte.
"He is in tho grove," whispered BornwelL
"I promised to wake him up when the doctor
came."
We crept along through tho reeds which
fringed the creek bank and Borawell walked
boldly forward. At the edge of the timber
he was halted and wo heard the click of
Buck's Winchester.
"Who's there P ho asked.
"Me," answered BornwelL "It's all right,
Buck. The doctor is here. He says she can't
live long and sho wants to see you."
Thus nssured Buck camo out of the matto
and walked toward the spot where we were
concealed. When he was a few feet distant
tho sergeant cried, "Surrender," and we
Sprang up to an ea mm.
"Carago!" he cried, and jumping back
threw up his Winchester and fired at the
sergeant, who was iq advance.
The bullet only grazed tho sergeant's head,
but the shock stunned him and he fell back
in the reeds. We thought him dead and
fired upon tho outlaw. He ran back toward
tho grove limping and we knew that ho was
wounded.
Surrender Buck I" yelled one of the men.
"Never!" was the defiant answer, and he
discharged his Winchester again.
We returned the fire, but still kept in the
shelter of tho reeds. Several of the men
crossed thu creek and hurried through the
corn to surround tho little grove. There was
a silence of several miuutes, but finally Buck
spoke:
"You've got me at last dn you I" he said.
"IU surrender."
'Throw op your hands then and come out!"
we commanded.
"I can't," was the answer. "I'm wounded 1"
We thought this a ruse, but finally two
of the men volunteered to creep toward the
grove and see if he was really badly wounded
Buck seemed' impatient at the delay and
called out aeain:
"Come on, you d d cowards! I can't hurt
you." .
We all rushed forward now. He was lying
right on the spot where we afterwards buried
him, and when we lifted him up the blood
gushed from a half-dozen wounds in his body,
"Where's Dave Borawell,
houudf' he asked. .
the cowardly
We looked around; for Borawell, but he had
disappeared. c r j
"lie has gone ''td the house, I reckon," said
one of the men. "Well carry you over
there."
"No, no!" ho answered. "I'm dying. Tell
her his wife that I remembered her to the
last l'H settle with him for betraying me
when I meet him in hell. She is good, like
my mo "
' He struggled to complete the sentence, but
only gasped, shuddered and his limbs straight
ened iu death. When we reached the casa
Mrs Borawell was dead also and her daugh
tor was crying bitterly. We buried Buck
where he died. Borawell moved away and I
think went to the states. He never came
forward to claim his share of the reward. It
was not known positively what section of tho
country Buck was from, but it was after
wards learned tliat he had an old mother liv
ing in Illinois. She saw a notice of his death
in the paiers and wrote to the commander of
the Frontier battalion about him. In her let
ter she said:
"I am a poor woman, aud Buckner alwaj's
took care of me. Ho was a good sou 1"
A few months ago she died, and on her
deathbed requested that a portion of the
scanty stock of money she left bo devoted to
marking Buck's crave and tliat flowers lie
planted on it Her wishes were carried out
The Agonies of Composition.
Anthony Trollope,
But at last I feel that I have him perhaps
by the tail, as the Irishman drives his pig
When I have got him I have to bo careful
that he shall not escape me until that job of
work be done. Gradually as I walk or stop,
as I seat myself on a bank or lean against a
tree, perhaps as I hurry on waving my stick
above my head till, with my quick motion,
the sweat drops come out ujxn my brow, the
scene forms itself for me. I see, or fancy
that I see, what will bo fittiug, what will be
true, how far virtue may be made to go
without breaking the link which binds it to
humanity, how low ignorance may grovel,
how high knowledge may soar, what the
writer may teach without repelling by
severity, how he may amuse without descend
ing to bulToonerv; and then the limits of
)athos are searched and words are weighed
which shall suit, but do no more than suit,
the greatness or the smallness of the occasion.
We who are slight may not attempt lofty
things or make ridiculous with our little
fables the doings of the gods. 'But for that
which wedo theref are appropriate terms and
boundaries which may be reached but not
surpassed. All this has to bo thought of
and decided uixn in reference to those little
plottings of which I have spoken.cach of which
has to be made tlie receptacle of pathos or of
humor, or of honor or of truth, as far as the
thinker may be able to furnish them. He
has to see, about all things, that in his
attempts he shall not bin again nature; that
in striving to touch tho feelings he shall not
excite ridicule; that in seeking for humor he
does not miss his point; that in quest of
honor and truth ho does not become bom
bastic and straitlaced.
A clergyman in his pulpit may advocate
an altitude of virture fitted to a millennium
here or to a heaven hereafter; nay, from the
nature of his profession he must do so. The
poet, too, may soar, as high as he will, and
if words suffice to him, need never fear to
fail, because his ideas are too lofty. But he
who tells tales in prose can hardly hopo to
le effective as a teacher unless ho binds him
self by the circumstances of tho world which
he finds around him. Honor and truth there
should be and pathos and humor; but he
should so constrain them that they shall not
seem to mount into nature beyond tho ordi
nary habitations of men and women.
Thaddeu Hlevenx Haptized a Catho
lic. Interview with his Housekeeper in Phila
delphia Times.
"Mrs. Smith, it is both affirmed and denied
that Stevens, just prior to his death, was bap
tized in the Catholic faith. What aro the
faetsr
"Out of those very windows," wa3 the em
phatic reply, as sho pointed to tho street,
"Mr. Stevens onco looked across to yonder
pump and said that he would rather go a
hundred miles to be administered to by one
of those pure, tender sisters, whom
he hal seen in Washington than to
send across tho street there for all
the clergy in tho country. On tho afternoon
of tho day of his death, 11th of August,
I sail to him: 'Would you have any objec
tions to being baptized f No, was his reply,
and just after two colore 1 men, many of
whom from all parts of the country came to
the house to pray for bis recovery, had left,
two hours before his death, Sister Lauretta
O'Reilly, of Washington City, baptized him.
And," continued Mrs. Smith, whom it must
be remembered is a devout Catholic and her
self claims to have induced Stevens to this
6tep, "I belie vo that ho is safo in heaven
to-day."
The 4MldeM of Mpondnllx.
Courier-Journal.
Two exposition visitors were passing the
huge statues of Law, Justice and Mercy,
w here, in hammered zinc, Mercy is spread
ing herself over Law and Justice. Said one
of the visitors:
"That group is wrong. Tlie Goddess of
Mercy has no business there I"
"Why, how sof' asked tho other, a little
surprised.
"Because," returned tho first, "Mercy has
nothing to do with getting a man off. Put
up there, instead of Mercy, the Goddess of
Sjxmdulix, and that group would be perfect."
And then the visitors btrolled on to see if
they were to encounter any more criminal
works of art.
Petrified 1'ampklnau
Exchange.
A Santa Rosa (Cal.) paper entertains its
readers with a story about a petrified pump
kin brought from Mendocino county. Tho
report is that a fanner some years ago ha 1 a
lot of pumpkins washed away by a freshet
down a ravine, and for a number of years
tho pumpkins were observed where the water
had lodged them, but no one bad ever thought
they had turned to stone, until the other day
a man attempted to pick one of them up,
when he discovered that it was very heavy.
and had turned to stone. About fifty more
were in the same condition.
AKOnlzlnsr.
Exchange.
"When does a man become a seamtressr
"When he hems and haws." "No." "When
he threads his way." "W hen lie rips and
tears." "No."' "Give it up." "ever, if he
can help it"
COUNT VON MOLTKE.
The ernian Napoleon Who Moves
lien ax lie Moves Chess-Piece.
London Times.
The advance of the uerman arm 103
over France was like the in: pet us of a
man skating one false step would have
brought a heavy fall and Von Moltke
was not admirable only in having
drafted and executed point for point
the most elaborate plan of campaign
ever conceived, but in having accurately
foreseen all tho demoralizing effects
which defeat would produce upon his
k foes. Had ho made any miscalculation :
had the French shown spirit when lie
expected them to ho cowed; had they
resisted - stubbornly when he had
reckoned that they would -yield tho
end of the war might have been very
different from the beginning. More
than once the silent commander must
have been anxious in spirit ; but ho let
nothing of this be seen. A foreigner
who called upon him at Versailles in
tho midst of the siege of Puris, and on
a day when a great sortie was expected,
found him quietly reading an English
novel.
He is an extraordinary man. A
diplomatist who met him in the Wilhelm-
strassa of Herlm the dav before he
went to the seat of war would have
taken leave of him in a hurry, suppos
ing that he must be busy ; but on
Moltke said, "I have nothing to do,
and went on chatting with his usual
composure. In this incident was re
vealed the whole strength of the Ger
man military system, which allots to
each officer just as much work as he
can easily and efficiently perform. Tho
formula of the whole system may be
deiined as the constant search after
able men; and, as the princes of tlie
roval house of Prussia have steadily
adhered to the principle of letting
merit be recompensed and incompetency
shel ved without favor or fear, they have
been contributor equally with the best
of their generals towards the events
which have made Germanv what it
now is.
The organization of the German army
has much in it that produces awe as
well as admiration on foreign minds.
The staff office in Berlin, over which
Marshal von Moltke presides, has de
partments as mysterious and inquisitor
ial as those of the Roman curia ; and the
place is in fact a military inquisition.
Maps of all countries and cities of hu
rope are there, with plain for invading
these localities, and lmnnta dotal. s as to
the accommodation which the invaders
would find in the way of board and
lodging. hen Gen. von Gobeu, at
the head of the Eighth army corps,
marched into Rouen, he astouuded the
inhabitants by sending out, within half
an-Uour 01 ins entry, adjutants who
marked on the door of each house the
number of billets it was to furnish
Protests were of no uso. The general
had his instructions what each hoxso
could do and must do ; and he knew,
moreover, that the city was in a position
to supply 40,000 pa'rs of boots, 10,000
flannel waistcoats, and 10,000 good ci
gars to his men at twent-four hours'
notice. Perhaps the staff office has
thoroughly considered the capabilities
of London 111 the same manner.
Marshal von Moltke may well tako
his ease, attend with methodical punctu
ality all sittings of the roichstag, play
his rubber every evening, and devoto
30 many tranquil wceis yearly to iot-
anizing and agriculture on his estate at
Kreisau. The system which has reduced
the management of armies to tho pre
cision of a mechanical science was not
constructed in a day; bat now that long
experience has shown how well it works
its principal engineer can leave it with
out misgiving to be regulated, during
his occasional absences,- by the export
pupils whom ho has trained. The
marshal himself disclaims tho idea that
he is a necessary ma i. It is tho very
essence of his svstem, as he maintains,
that it shall alwavs bring out men of
genius so long as any aro to be found in
Germany; but on this point foreigners,
while recognizing all that is good in
Prussian military administration, will
not readily concede that men like the
marshal aro easy to replace.
Tarring and
Feathering
Orjan.
a Church
Cincinnati Enquirer.
The funniest thin? we have heard of
latclv. and at tlie same time the most
absurd, occurred in a New Jersey vil
lage. It was nothing less there cer
tainly could be nothing moro than
tarring and feathering an insignificant
church organ, for the reason that tho
organist was unpopular. I lie organist
happened to be a lady, and not even
the roughs of a religious body had the
audacity to add to her angelic wings
tho common feathers of the barn-yard
fowl and attach them to her person
with vile tar. If they had tarred and
feathered the organ because it in
continently squeaked and becauso
its reedy lungs wero always
afflicted with asthma on a bunday morn-
?. and hoarsely added their noble
voices in the songs of praise, we could
have commended their conduct, for if
there is one thinsr on earth which wo
despise and whicli seriously interferes
with public worship it is a cheap and
blatant melodeon which lifts its husky
and impudent voice above the general
discord of congregational singing and
introduces a confusion worse confounded
into tho confounded confusion that al
ready exists. But to disgrace even a
melodeon for the sins of a lady player
who occasionally strikes a wrong note
is evidence that relieion has not got a
very firm grip on that little New Jersey
community.
Was MnehT "ObIeeseuV
Arkansaw Traveler.
A merchant, after satisfying himself
that a certain customer did not intend
to nav his bill, sent him a receipt for
the full amount. By return mail he re
ceived the following note: "Uster have
my doubt? about you bein'a gentleman,
but I am satisfied on that pint. There
is a great difference in mea. One time
I owed a fellow a bill, ana otter uunnin
me nearly to death he sent me a receipt
for half of tho amount, and blamed if
he didn't finally make mo pay the other
half. But you have done the square
thing by me, on' I am much ableeged to
you."
Our Will Animals a&l Civilization.
Chicago Times. !
The character of the wild animals of
a country exerts a most powerful influ
ence on its settlement and the prosper
ity of its inhabitants. In this respect
the territory occupied by the United
States was most remarkable. In the
opinion of an eminent naturalist, it con
tained no wild animal that was not of
more benefit than disadvantage to the
settlers. It abounded in fur-bearing
animals, whoso skins were in great de
mand in all the great centres of wealth
and civilization. These skins consti
tuted a source of wealth to, the early
settlors. Hunting and trapping were
profitable employments when people
could not engage in farming. Some of
the skins were converted into garments
and others into money. The skins of
buffaloes were made into garments, em
ployed as coveritigs for beds, or used as
protections in ile:giis. Moose, deer,
antelope and bears furnished meat until
domesticated animals could be intro
duced and raised in sufficient numbers
to supply the people with food. Their
fat and hides were useful for a great
variety of purposes.
liabbits, s uirrels, ground-hogs,
opossums and coons a. so furnished
valuable meat and skins. Foxes and
bears did some damage, but were use
ful in keeping in check many
of the small animals that rank as
vermin. Thev were oasily caught in
trap or killed by the use of fire-arms,
and their skins were very valuable and
brought a high price at a time when
agricultural products raised at a dis
tance from water communication could
not l.e sold for money or exchanged for
articles of food and clothing. All the
native animals of this country are of
easy extermination. Most of then: dis
appear before the march of civiliza
tion, and only stay as long as they are
wanted by the inhabitants. v
Iiondon'8 Mlxhtiness.
"Bob OXinqueV London Lttter.l
London is the great commercial mag
net that draws towards itself the bulk
01 jsi itain s trade. J 1 one wero to soar
above London in a balloon and "view
the landscape o'er," trains by the ; hun
dred would be seen winding across the
plains with their smoke stacks pointing
toward the groat city, r roni Ldinboro
and Glasgow on the ncrth; from Liver
pool and Birmingham on the west;
from Lrighton and Aew Haven on the
south and from Chatham and Dover on
the east they come like a monster colony
of ants returning to their underground
home after a foraging expedition.
Liverpool is postively a great railroad
centre; Manchester is comparatively
important, but London is superlatively
mighty.
Let me manipulate the old multipli
cation table a little and present you
with a few eloquent statistics : i Lon
don has fourteen terminal railway sta
tions from which no fewer than 2,202
trains depart daily. Nearly 1,000 of
those leave between 10 a. m. and 10 p.
m. ; 320 trains leave daily from one sta
tion. Referring to the underground
railway this wonderful line fornn a
complete belt (or inner circle) around
the whole of the inner part of London.
Between Farringdon and Moorgate
streets 56a trams run every week-day
nearly twenty-four trams an hour or
one nearly every three minutes. The
Metropolitan Underground Kailway
company conveys about 1 u.uu J.uou pas
sengers annually, or nearly 1,500,000
per week. Great and mighty are thy
works, oh London !
The True American
Boston Transcript
Why does that gentleman rise
from
his seat?
Because ho gets on tat the next sta
tion.
But we have not got near the next
station yet.
I beg your pardon. From an Ameri
can point of view we are very near it.
It is less than a mile awav.
See, he rushes wildly toward the
door ; and now he is on the platform.
Is he not in danger l
The only danger ho dreads is the
danger of losing one-quarter of a sec-
ona.
Ah, we are almost at the station now.
Will he not wait until the cars stop?
.No, indeed ; that would bo a waste of
precious time.
1 here he goes. Good heavens I he
has 1 alien 1 ihe cars nave run over
him. !
Yes, such things frequently happen
in Amorica; but, vou know, where one
M
is killed, half a dozen jump oil success
fully. The chances of death are only
one in six, or thereabouts.
They have picked him up. Hii lips
move, lie is speaKing.
"Yes," he says: "I die a true Ameri
can.
A Relapse Into Meml-Barbarlsm.
"The Indian may dwell with the Cau
casian for years, and live as tho white
lives, but on returning to his tribe .he
will fall into tho habits of savage life
and will prefer that life," Indian Axjent
uaruner saiu in an interview with a re
porter for The Denver Tribune, aud he
instanced Chipeta, the wife of the Col
orado Chief Ouray. She had" little
communication with tho whites, but
her husband taught her to live as they
do. Her house was well furnished, and
provided with many conveniences that
are luxuries in border life. Sho always
had her cook, and her table was sup
plied with good food, well cooked,
served iu an elegant platter, and eaten
with knives, forks and spoons. Ouray
uieu in ioj5u. adoui a vcar aero
Chipeta married again, and returned to
tue 01a ways 01 ner cnuanooa among
her tribe, fcho has three trunks full
of valuables stored away in the agency
store house. One of them is filled with
silverware presented to her by tho la
dies in tho city of Washington.; For
these she has no uso. 1
Xo Medicine From spcons.
Exchange. i j
German doctors propose to discard
tho teaspoon and table q)OJii in
measuring medicine and adopt the
metrical system in their prescription
of liquids. Gauged glasses marked in
tho scale of one, five, ten grams, etc.,
are to be used, which will render the
administration of medicine more accu
rate.
WHAT SAVED HOOKER.
flow a
Filled
Twenty-Two Gun Battery
the Clap at Chancellor-
HI.
M. Quad in Detroit Free Press.
j. lie movement 01 Jackson across
Hooker's flank at Chancellorsville and
around to his rear was a complete sur
prise. By G o'c'wk in the evening his
lines of battle were formed and the
order to advance was given. Scouts
had reported the Eleventh corps in his
front, and the attack was as swift and
disastrous as a whirlwind. Most of
the Federals in the Eleventh
were preparing supper or eating
it. If there were any pickets in rear of
the Federal army they were picked up
so suddenly that no general alarm was
given. All of a ' sudden the mighty
tread of battle-line and the crash of
musketry fell upon the ears of the un
suspecting Federals, and the panic
which ensued was but the natural
finale. A few men get into line here
and there, but the resistance melted
away as the line advanced. It was a
furious fire which Jackson's men poured
into the Lleventh. They were elated
and enthusiastic. And they swarmed
through the pioe forest as if their num
bers were endless.
Men have said that the panic would
have extended no farther, and that the
corps would have speedily recovered
from the surprise, and men have written
that but for one man's coolness at the
critical moment Jackson would have
driven a wedge into the Federal army.
Gen. Pleasanton, then commanding
three regiments of cavalry and a field
battery, lay in position to be run over
by the frightened fugitives as they
sought a place of safety. In the midst
of the most embarrassing confusion he
sent a regiment of dismounted cavalry
forward to form a line and check the
Confederates, and the other regiments,
mounted, at once charged into the mass
of fugitives and drove them clear off
the field on the left of the plank road.
Then, one by one, twenty-two guns
were brought to the front and un-
limbered. The spot where each gun
stood was plain td view in 1881, and
may be for sereral years to come. It
was in the cleared field to the left of
the Chancellorsville. plank rood, and
about half a mile below the famous
brick house. The guns enfiladed Jack
son s whole front, and the moment his
lines broke cover they were met with
Buch storms of canister that whole regi
ments lay down after the first volley.
For the first quarter of an hour these
guns were supported by cavalry alone,
but as regiment after regiment was
picked up, whirled about, and sent to
the gap, the support eoon became a di
vision. Other batteries were rushed
down the plank or across the fields, and
by and by Jackson's golden moment
had passed. The Federal army had
faced to the rear, and the great gap had
been closed by artillery.
Just at sundown Jackson grew restive
under the terrino fire, and ordered a
general advance. Long lines of men
sprang to their feet and rushed forward
with cheers and yells, determined to
have the guns. It did -not seem as if
anything living could cross that open
space of COO feet with such a tornado of
canister sweeping over it, but whole
regiments charged up to within fifty
feet, and scores of Confederates dashed
in among guns and were killed there.
The charcre was repulsed, but to be
made again and again. When night
had settled down Jackson gave it up.
He could not drive his wedge past the
muzzle of Pleasanton's guns. He had
hoodwinked Hooker, routed a whole
corps, and laid his plans for a great
victory. Tliat storm of canister checked
him death brought his plans to
naught. t
The Confederates who advanced
against these guns defied death ten
thousand times over. Those who were
killed were in most instances riddled
and torn to pieces. The burial parties
found corpses with fifty wounds, and
heads, legs and arms were scattered all
along the front. Not one single wounded
man was found on that battery front.
On the right flank, where the guns had
an enfilade on the plank road, the rail
fences were torn into splinters, the
ground cut as by a hundred drags, and
scores 01 uomeaeraies lying in ine
highway ditches were wounded by
stones, splinters and fragments of rocks.
Sand That Mines In the Wind.
San Francisco CalL
About twenty miles south of Still
water. Churchill county, on the Sand
Springs flat, at the foot of the moun
tain, there is a heap of sand about 100
feet nigh and nearly a mile aoross
which sings in the wind and is con
stantly changing. It is thrown by the
wind, which there has a circular mo
tion, into a vast round wall with a hol
low in the centre half a mile acro.ss,
which goes two-thirds of tho way to the
bottom. It is steep and hard to climb
to the top, and on the inside is even
more steep, so steep that no one has
ever dared to go down for fear that the
loose sand would slide down and bury
them up. There are similar dunes on
the Sandwich islands, on the Hebrides,
and on the Atlantic coast.
Three Mortal Injuries.
Crawford in Chicago News.
I asked Dr. Bliss this question
last
night :
In the light of the information given
you in tho post-mortem, do you think
Garfield s life could have been saved?
'Most decidedly no. The medical
profession is unanimous upon this sub
ject now. Garfield received three in
juries, either of which would have made
his death absolutely certain. The shat
ter in cr of the vertebrae was one, the
ruDturincr of the splenetic artery was
the second, and the carrying of
the
pieces of the denuded bone from
tho
the
shattered ribs into the system was
third."
For Future Weak JUuaa.
A writer in The Providence Journal,
referring to the efficacy of the balsamic
odor of pine for weak lungs, makes this
suggestion : Very probably the day
will come when pine and spruce pillows
will be as frequent a household appur
tenance in our bleak climate as the qui
nine bottle has long been in the south
era and western states.
CRYPTOGRAPHY.
The Cipher Code of the Army and It
ArrangementThe Cipher In Busi
ness Circles.
Chicago Inter Ocean.
In the early davs of the rebellion was
invented one of the best possibly tho
very best cipher codes ever built. Its
author was Gen. Anson Stager, assis'ed
by Col. Lynch and several of his aides.
This code was very flexible; that is, its
capacities for expression covered a wide
range ; its principles once understood,
it was comparatively simple, and with
out the key a message written in it was
an impenetrable secret. It was the first
code in which phrases were determined
by a single word, and from this pecul
iarity it was called by its inventors an
arbitrary cipher. Thus the expression
Hood is coming north, was indicated
by the word "Brute;" "Animals in poor
condition," by "Adam." Every phrase
and sentence describing the condition
of field and camp, the state of the army,
movements of the enemy, every event
and incident likely to occur was de
scribed by a single arbitrary word.
Names of places, states, counties,
townships ; the name of every promi
nent individual in civil and military
life in the country were all fitted with
code words. This of itself constituted
a cipher practically impossible to read.
But, not content with one band of se
crecy, the inventors provided two. A
system of arranging tho message, after
it had been turned into cipher, was in
cluded in the code. The arrangement
was in a square, divided by vertical
and parallel lines, called respectively
roates and lines, into smaller squares.
In every separate instance tho
arrangement varied, and its
fieculiarity was that until the
ast word of the message was trans
lated the key word did not appear, and
the proper arrangement was not mani
fested. This wonderful code was known
and understood by not over two hundred
persons. Ihe cipher operators of the
United States military telegraph corps
(who have maintained their organiza
tion in civil life, and were last week in
convention in this city) were its custo
dians. One of them was attached to the
staff of each division commander, but
even the commanding general of the
army was as ignorant of the code as the
veriest shoulder-strapper.
lo guard against the contingencies of
an operator's capture or of a copy of
the code being secured, the code was
divided in twelve books, each set num
bered and being made up of a totally
different set of words. Book No. 2 was
dropped in a southern river, and book
Jio. U was captured with its custodian,
an operator named. Mcl'eynolds. He
chewed and swallowed six leaves of it
before the rebels seized and wrested it
from his grasp. Their capture was of
small ad ventage to them, however. An
arrangement was in force which made
the disappearance of an operator known
immediately by Gen. Stager, and within
twelve hours after McReynold's capture
book JNo. 'J was abandoned by the
army.
At the close of the wer the army
cipher, minus the arrangament of
routes and lines, which is manifestly
too com plica toil for ordinary uses, came
into wide use among merchants and in
dividuals who patronize the telegraph.
With scarcely an exception every com
mercial and governmental cipher is now
built on the arbitrary plan. There aro
a vast number in use, each fitting one
particular kind of business and none
other. Their present object is less to in
sure secrecy than to serve the purpose
of economy. A message of erhapa
sixty words may be condensed by means
of an ordinarily copious cipher in ten.
It is for this reason that telegraph com
panies do not regard them with a last
ing love and control their use by rules
which limit the length of code words
and also force their selection from
Webster, or other equally well-known
dictionary.
A Pleasant Little Gime.
IDetroit Free Press.
He is a young man with a thorough
understanding of the leading traits in
human nature. He dresses well, car
ries an extra cigar, and he drops in and
presents a card to the effect that he is
engaged in canvassing for an embryo
work to be known as "The Encyclo
pedia of States."
x-e-s, but I guess I don t care to
subscribe," replied the citizen.
Oh, but I don't want you to. Tho
book will be sold on its merits. I am
calling upon a few of the most emi
nent" Hero he makes a pause to allow tho
shot to strike, and then continues :
Citizens of Detroit the most emi
nent and prominent citizens of Detroit
lo secure brief sketches of their lives.
Ahl" says tho other, as he begins to
melt.
"We desire to take five of the most
prominent citizens of this county. In
the sketches we desire to show how they
have risen from poor boys to great and
honored men."
Here occurs another pause to allow
the victim to tickle himself.
You were the first of the five se
lected," chips in the young man. "My
mission is to secure your photograph in
order to make a steel engraving. In the
course of ten days I will be followed
by the gentleman who writes the biog
raphies. Have you a photograph ?
Well an I think so."
"We want one which does you full
justice. The engravings cost us $55
each. This we pay out of our own
pockets, but are compelled to make a
charge of $5 each for the tint paper
and the reference in the index. Let s
tee, what does the initial in -our mid
dle name stand for ?
It invariably stands for a t5
bill, and the young man leaves behind
him such a pleasant impression that the
victim keeps grinning fcr two weeks.
At the end of that time he becomes
suspicious, and in the course of a month
he becomes a dangerous man to society.
Cost of London Foe
Chicago Herald.
Experts in chemistry have estimated
that the cost of London's winter
smoke and fog is $23,000,000 annually:
that is to say, constituents of coal to
this value escape unconsuAied and
assist in forming the sooty vapor.