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THE COLUMBIAN;
THE, ptUMBlTLN.
- PUBLISHED ZVEBY XXIDAT .
AT
T. HELEN'S, COLUMBIA C0.,0R
: yUBLlBHO-JSVKBY FRIDAY
AT
ST.'HKLENS COLUMBIA It).; 01
E. O. ADAMS, Editor and Proprietor
E. G.ADAJIS Editor Aad Pxocrktor.
i.ffT f UTTT'i -M t .
Adttbttsiko Ratxs:
! BtTBscBipnos Bates:
s On yaar, la ad ranee..
, Btx mootba. M
1 00
4 VOL. HI.
ST. imJENS, COLUMBIA COUNTY, OREGON: JULY 6, 1883.
, N0. 48.
One ftqaara (10 llnea) first laaartion 52 00
Each aubaeqaeat Insertion.. 1 00
, 50
v n nr n n n
X A ..ill , A nil , Lmi All
WITHOUT AND WITHIN.
Sir coachman, la the maonlWht there.
Look through the iid9-liffht of the door;
I hear htm With hi brethren wear,
' 1 coaled but onlj more.
Cartelling' hU oos9 a?alnt the pane.
Be enrte toe my brilliant lot.
Breatbtt on hit aching flsU lu vala.
AJid duoms me to a place more hot.
He tee me In nipper go,
- A silken wonder by my aide.
Bare arm, bare shoulders, and a row
Of flounce,' for the door too wide
Be thinks hAW bapy It tar arm
'Jteaio lta white glrfred and jeweled load;
And wiabe me tome dreadful harm,
- Hearing' Uie meny eorka explode.
Menwbll I Inwardly csMhe bore. '
Ot naming a. Ill the vane old coon;
And envy him, ontsiJe the door.
Ia golden quiets of the moua.
The Winter wind la not ao cold r -Aa
the brinht smile tie sees me win.
Nor the boM'a oldest wine to old
At our poor gabble, sour and thin.
I enry him the nngyved prance
Br which his fret ring feet he warms,
And drag my lady'8 cbalus and dauce.
Tae galley bid re ot dreary form.".
t
Oh could he hare my share of diu.
And I his quiet past a doubt.
'Twoulo. ktill be one man bored within.
And Jast auoiher bored without.
James E. Lowell.
EARLY SEW YORK INDUSTRIES.
In the autumn of 1609, Henry Hud
- son, in the Dutch yacht Halve Maan, or
Half Moon, of eighty tons burden, be-
gan the exploration of the great "River
of the Mountains," which is now known
by his name. Passing through the Nar
rows, he found a noble harbor, with
; "very good riding for ships." Of the
region surrounding he wrote : "It is as
' beautiful a land as the foot of man can
tread 'upon, and abounds in all kinds of
excellent ship timber." During the four
years that followed this voyage of dis
covery several vessels made ventures
from Holland to Manhattan, their intent
being to trade with the native Indians
till they had completed the cargoes Of
furs with which to return. The most
convenient anchorage was off the south
ern shore of the island, and their most
accessible landing was not on the Capsi3
Hocks, at its extreme south point, nor
- on the marshes directly east of them,
but on that sandy beach of the North
river shore, with its forest opening,
which soon afterward was named "Blom
' xnaert's valley," about the present Bat
tery Place and Greenwich street. The
voices of oars and traffic then scarcely
disturbed the quiet of the haven. The
silence of the forest shores was unbroken
even by the woodman's ax. Only now
and then a red man would meet the
trader in the valley glade and exchange
his peltry for duffels and Nuremburg
toys. '"'Neither fire-water nor fire-arms
' made part of the commodities of that
early trade, when at less hazard and cost
. a beaver skin, worth some gilders at Am
sterdam, could be obtained for a yard of
cheap cloth. Among the Dutch mari
ners and traders of those years, Hen
drick Christiansen and Adriaeu Block
became the most notable. They were
employed by certain merchants of Am
sterdam to continue and extend the trade
in furs, and not with a view to agricul
tural or other industries.
THE "RESTLESS."
In the fall of 1613 Block's ship, the
Tiger, was the only one left at anchor in
the bay, and while preparing to return
to Holland with his cargo his vessel was
accidentally -burned. The first handi
work done by white men in Manhattan
Was the building of a yacht in her stead,
for, although their first attention was
given to throwing np rude huts of bark
for shelter, these were but temporary
structures. Ship building thus happened
to become the earliest industry of our
island. PosBibly using the iron, and it
may be the sails saved from the Tiger,
Skipper Block and his men began their
labor. There was no need of works for
defense, for even their daily food was
supplied to them by the Indians without
price. The mariners had nothing save
their arms and their tools. The former
the Indian feared as demons, and tho
latter their regarded only as ornaments,
unwieldly and useless to them. Along
the shore of the North river, between
the present Rector street and Battery
Place,, where long afterward there were
shipyards, there ran a high bluff covered
with goodly oaks. These were hewn
into ship timber, which was easily low
ered to the ways on the strand below.
There, during that dreary winter, in the
absence of all succor from Holland, they
built their yacht of eight lasts or sixteen
tons, and named her the Onrust, or the
Restless. Her. measurement was only
thirty eight feet kneel, forty -fonr and a
half on deck, and a eleven and a half
beam. This was the 'pioneer craft of
Manhattan, and the first decked vessel
built within the limits of the original
thirteen colonies. In the spring of 1614
she was completed, and then Block be
gan her log book of exploration. He
sailed to the eastward, and with her light
-draught ventured into bays and rivers
which the larger ships of Dutch traders
bad- never before entered. Through
Hell Gate and the Sound he sailed as far
as Cape Cod, vwting the unsettled shore
of the present Boston Bay, discovering
Block Island, looking into the outlets of
the Housatonic and exploring the Con
necticut. Two years afterward, in 1616,
Skipper Cornelis Hendricksen sailed the
Restless from Manhattan into Delaware
Bay and up the river above the conflu
ence of the Schuylkill. The yacht of
Manhattan hud spread her sails in
Massachusetts Bay six years before the
" Mayflower came, and was the first vessel
that visited the spot which Pena settled
nearly seventy years afterward.
INDIAX IUXUFA'.'TOREKS.
The Indians of Mauhattau and its
neighborhood subsisted on game of the
forest and fiih of tho s and rivers, to
gether with the ui.iize, pumpkins and
beans which they sparsely cultivated.
Along the coast, too, ciacii and oysters
were abundant. The use of salt seems
to have been unknown among them.
They cured fish and flesh and prepared
skins by drying aud smoking them. The
northern Indians could convert' peltries
into very - good leather, "making the
same plume and soft." Their squaws
were adepts at ornamenting them with
simple pigments. Mats were made of
wild hemp, and they made red wooden
bowls for serving food. The first wan-
" f"r"
dering Indians who met Hudson's ship
in the lower bay were ; clothed with
"mantles of feathers and robes of fur,
and adorned with rude copper necklaces
The canoes of the Manhattans were made
of "single hollowed trees," while the In
dians of the north made them of bark,
lio-ht and strong, for portage. Pipes
and pottery were made ol clay, and the
cultivation and use of tobacoo were com
mon. Bows and arrows, stone axes, and
arrow-proof armor of skins were among
their preparations lor - war. Tnev had
no aomesuc animais except uogs, ana
- . 1 a. a
these were of very small breed. Seeing
a dog brought from Holland by Block,
the Indians called him "the saohem of
the dogs," because he was the largest
they had ever seen. A fat dog was a
feast for them. The most important In
dian industry, which was peculiar to
the sea coast "tribes, was the manufac
ture of a currency which was in general
use even throughout far distant territory.
Rejecting the European coins, whose
varying values they could not under
stand, they continued in the use of their
aboriginal money, which they called
sewan. There were two &inas, warn
num or white beads, made of the central
stem of the conch shell, and snckawock,
or black beads, made from the inside of
the clam shell, -the latter being double
the value of the white, a fathom of it
being "worth five dollars. By the Eng-
tsh both kinds were generally Known aa
wampum. .Besides its universal use as
money it served the xnaians ior orna
ment," and in the form of a belt .it was
the pledge and seal of all contracts and
treaties. The chief place of its manu-
acture was along the shores ot Long
sland. The Dutch of Manhattan, there
fore had this primitive Indian mint close
at band, aud it gave them a large advan
tage in their traffic with the inland
tribes.
TUB PELTRY TBADE.
In the spring of 1614, not long after
Block, had completed the building of his
yacht, and had sailed eastward, hia early
comrade 'Christiansen arrived at Man
hattan from Holland, and, sailing np the
North river, established a trading-house
on Castle Island, on the west side, not
far below the present city of Albany.
This pioneer post in the wilderness was
intended to secure larger returns of pel
try to the Amsterdam merohants. It was
situated among the Mohawk aud Mohe
gans, who occupied the region re
spectively west and east of the river.
The building was therefore a fort as well
as a warehouse, thirty-six by twenty-six
feet, and enclosed by a stockade and
moat of sixty feet square. , It was called
Fort Nassau, and its armament consisted
ef two large guns and eleven patercrols
or swivels, with a garrison of twelve men.
This little, stronghold was the first civil
ized handiwork of that : wild region,
though in the enumeration of manual in
dustries commerce may also justly claim
a place. The prosperity of Holland was
founded on the unity of commerce and
industry, and the Dutch traders were
"handelaars," or, in English, "hand
lers." When Fort Nassau was built,
there were only a few adventurous
French in Canada, only an English col
ony of eight years in Virginia; no other
houses of white men. This dozen of
Dutch inatrosses was the sole advance
guard of the northern colonies. In Octo
ber of that year the territory was named
New Netherlands, and the tricolor of
Holland was the first flag that inaugur
ated homes and industry in all the land
between the Connecticut and the Dela
ware. ABORIGINAL CONSTBUCTIVK ART.
Early in 1617 Castle Island was cov
ered by an ice flood of the river, and the
fort was nearly destroyed. A redoubt
was then bnilt on the main west bank,
aod there a treaty of amity was made by
the Dutch with the Five Nations of
Indians, or Iroquois. This confederacy
of tribes, the "Romans of the Western
World," occupied the entire region be
tween the North river and Niagara, now
included in the state of New York. As
statesmen, they had perfected a league
of independent republics, which after
ward served as a model for the American
colonies. As warriors, they had con
quered the tribes east and west of them,
and exacted tributes of wampum
from the Indians of the sea
coast. Their advance in constructive art
was attested by their distinctive name of
"Konoshioni," the cabin : builders, and
by their fortified castles of galleried pal
isadoes, which had successfully resieted
the French arquebuses of Champlain in
1615. The "long house" of this confed
eration reached from the North River to
Lake Erie, the western door being
guarded by the Senecas and the eastern
by the Mohawks, the bravest and fiercest
of them all. From the far spreading
hunting grounds of the Iroquois, west of
the river, and from the Slohegane or
Mahiccans, a distinct and tributary tribe,
on the east, the Dutch traders drew rich
supplies on peltry, and the treaty made
in 1617 maintained its unbroken protec
tion to their up-river traffic and industry
during the whole Flemish rule.
FORT, CHURCH, AND HOU3E BUILMN'O.
In May, 1626, Peter Minuit arrived at
Manhattan as the Director General of the
colony. His earliest euro was to pur
chase the entirs island, then estimated
at 22,000 acres, from the Indians. It be
came the property of the West India
Company by the payment of sixty
guilders. The Dutch ever afterward
continued the just policy of first procur
ing a title to land by satisfying the In
dian claim. Tradition says that the first
work of defence erected on the island had
been a small redoubt on the North river
bluff in the rear of the present No. 39
Broadway. This may have been the wcrk
of the few colonists who, as we haye
seen, were established there in 1623, and
it is possible that they may have thus as
serted the oeeupati n of the West India
Company. Butthe earliest record of for
tification states that it was not until 1626
that a large fort "with four angles, to be
faced with solid stone," was staked out
by the engineer, 'Kryn Frederycke, on
the south part of the island. Isaac de
Kasieres, the "koopman," or secretary
of the colon j, was next in rank to Min
uit, and had come as a protege of Sam
uel Blotnmaert, one of the leading direc
tors. His description of the Jsite of the
fort states that it was built on a promon
tory at the southern point "the height of
a hillock above the surrounding land,"
'which might with little trouble be made
an island by cutting through 13 loom
maert's Vallev. The promotory. thus
fortified, was "the Bpace now included
between Whitehall and State streets, and
between the Bowling Green and Bridge
street. Blommaert's Valley was the low
ground directly south of and adjoining the
Bowlinsr Green. With a clear title to
the soil, the sounds of honest industry
began around the progressing founda
tions pi the fort. Francois Molemaecer,
under direction of Engineer Frederycke,
was employed in building a horse-mill,
with a epaoious room above for the Dutch
Reform Congregation. A tower was also
to be added, in which the Spanish bells,
captured at Porto Rico in 1625, were to
be hung. This earliest mill and ohuroh
stood near the present Whitehall and
bridge street, protected by the fort. The
counting-house of the company was the
first edifice built of - stone, and even that
was thatched with reeds. As a safeguard
against the savages, it was intended that
all the settlers should dwell within the
walls of the fort when it was finished.
Bat in the meantime abont thirty houses
built of bark and olustered on the East
river shore, near the fort, were occupied.
each colonist having his own house.
BRICK MAKING SAW AND GRIST MILLS.
By the summer of 1628 the lortress on
the promontory, which had been named
fort Amsterdam, was completed with four
bastions, and "faced with good querry
stone," bearing witness to the skilled in
dustry of the mason, the carpenter, and
other artisans. But the Iddians were
peaceful, and the colonists continued to
dwell outside the walls. Their wives
"had borne them children," and the peo
ple numbered 270. The harvest was well
gathered, but laborers were few, maid
servants were scarce, and the Angola
slaves proved to be "thievish, lazy and
useless trash. The making of brick
from clay-pits near the fort, of lime from
oyster shells, and of soap-ashes from the
clearings around, were begun.. Timber
was prepared for export, but there were
yet not vessels enough to ship it. Andries
Carstensen, a master mill-wright from
Holland, had arrived, and under his care
a saw-mill was erected on Natten Island,
now Governor s, off the fort. A horse
mill for grinding was put up on what be
came known as Mill Street Lane, on the
nortu side of the present South William
Street, next to the corner of Broad. In
1628 the first minister, Dominie Jonas
Michaelius, had reached the colony, and
preached to the Dutch congregation, and
occasionally in French to the Walloons
on Long Island. So, in huts of bark, in
houses thatched with reeds, on rambling
by-ways and lanes, on lots without
bounds or deeds, the settlement of Man
hattan -had its beginning. fN. Y. Mail.
Lime-Kiln Club Business.
The gentleman who entered Paradise
hall the other evening by way of a second-story
window, and found his foot in
a bear trap as he approached the club
safe to rob it of $68,872 22, will hear of
something to his advantage by aldress
ing the secretary of the club. Parts of a
boot, three toe-nails in a good state of
preservation, the leg of a pair of panta
loons, and several other relics of the
event can be had by calling at the hall
and giving the janitor the wink. It may
be mentioned right here that Paradise
hall is a well gurrded institution. The
safe is provided with an electric bell to
ring up Samuel Shin from a distauce of
a mile and a halt; a bear trap is left set
and hungry for blood nnder every win
dow; three spring-guns are waiting on
the stairs to vote in the affirmative.
Whalebone Howker arose to a ques
tion of privilege. He had heard it
charged again and again that at least ten
prominent members of the Lime-Kiln
club wore corsets, and used musk as per
fumery. If there was any truth in this
charge, he wanted to know it. If it was
a base canard, he wanted to be ready to
pulverize the next man who mentioned it.
"Gem'len," said Brother Gardner, as
he looked around in a fatherly manner,
"if dar' am anybody among you who
w'ars corsets, please stand up an' be
spotted fur life."
There was no response. It was noticed
that the Rev. Penstock was visibly
agitated, and Prof. Shadback De Pew
slid carefully off the end of the bench in
search of something on the floor, but no
man stood up.
Pickles Smith arose to speak a word
in favor of Judge Chewso. A few weeks
ago the judge was fined $1300 for pass
ing a plugged half-dollar on the treasur
er in payment of dues. While it was a
mean trick, if deliberately contemplated,
there was evidence that the judge was as
iitnocent as a yearling babe. He was
noted as an absent-minded gentfeman of
culture, and was also . so near-Bighted
that he would go along the street raising
his hat to butcher-carts and ice-wagons.
Brother Smith had figured up, that it
would take the judge 315 years to pay
that fine, and to ask a member to con
tinue under such a funeral pall as that
for the best part of his life was to dampen
his ardor and kill his ambition.
. The president replied that the fine
would be remitted, but the jadge and
all other members must understand that
trying to beat the club treasury was an
offence little short of murder. The next
man who dropped a ten penny nail into
the collection hat, or the next member
who offered debased money in payment
of his solemn dues, would hear a crash
little short of the explosion of a dozen
steamboats in chorus.
Giveadam Jones, Whalebone Howker,
and Professor Slyback were appointed a
special committee on this season's melon
crop, with instructions to ascertain the
acreage, the probable yield, the quality,
and to report on any invention designed
to keep a melon patch and a colored man
eighty rods apart on a cloudy night.
Detroit Free Press.
Does thk Weather Repeat Itself?
A Watertown, N. Y., man, who has kept
an account of the weather, claim a that it
invariably repeats itself, nd gives the
following as the result of his observa
tions, viz: All years ending in 9, 0 or 1
are extremely dry; those ending in 2, 3,
4, 5 or 6 are extremely wet; those ending
in 7 or 8 are ordinarily well balanced;
those ending in 6 have extremely cold
winters; tuose ending in 2 have an early
spring; those ending in 1 have a late
spring; those ending in 3 and 4 are f ub
jeet to great floods.
THE GIRL SOLDIER.
Condino was the furthermost village
in Tyrol conquered by uaribaldi at the
time of my arrival there in July, 1866.
On the night of my arrival the fort of
Ampola . had fallen. The battle of the
Bridge of Cimego had yet to be won. The
defeat of Bisecco had yet to be sus
tained. I went at once to the prinoipal inn,
but found it occupied by the colonel in
command.the sign boarding,taken down.
The inn had ceased to be a "house of
call" for travelers, and had become a
fortress. , .
I showed my credentials. I showed a
special pass from Garibaldi entitling me
to move freely within the circle of the
Italian military operations. It was no
use. I had to retreat. These difficulties
had made me cross, and I was tired and
hungry.
I fared no better at the other inn. The
rooms were all full, eyen the corridors.
A boy accosted me a boy twelve
years of age, apparently a peasants
child.
"If you please, patron;" he inquired.
touching his cap, "did you want a bed
room? You were asking for a bedroom.
and my mother has such beautiful roomsl
One of them is the kitchen, but it is very
baautlful."
He led me to a small house which
looked like a small ruin or the remains
of a conflagration; but it was still used
as a dwelling. A light shone in one of
the windows, and the door was ajar. The
boy pushed it open, and we found our
selves iu a sort of ante-room (which
turned out to ba the kitchen,) and in the
presence of an old woman, who was
stooping over the fire.
The boy ran toward her.
"Un foresto, Mima!" cried the child in
patois: then, turning toward me and
speaking in good Italian, "S'accommoda,
siguore." The Tyrolese speak two lan
guages, or rather they are beginning to
discover that their own language is an
excrescence.
The beldam eyed me critically, and
whispered something in the boy's ear.
This last nodded in token of assent, and
held up his ten fingers. "Paghera un
mezzo franco I" he exclaimed, iu a breath
less tone, meaning that I would pay ten
sous (five pence). The cronn smiled.
"Basta!" (it will do), she exclaimed, with
a pleased look and invited me to draw
near the fire.
I noticed that the crone prepared sup
per for four persons four glasses, four
plates, four knives and four forks to
match. Our party was, therefore, in
complete, I began to be alarmed lest
supper should be delayed.
But this was by no means the case.
The old dame poured out the polenta,
and we took our seats at the table with
out thinking of the absent person, the
crone uttering a short prayer in Litin.
I looked at her face with increased inter
est and fancied I saw in her a trace of
former dignity and refinement. Her hair
was as white as snow; her lack-luster
eyes were round and large; her hight
above the common.
Nevertheless the ancient dame became
more human as the night advanced The
wine, bad as it was, had its effect, and
the fire made the room cheerful. The
child, too, did justice to the meal. "Cor
poral John," he exclaimed, "drinks no
wine. I suppose he does not like it. He
is so shy I But why do you not wear a
soldier's dress, too? If you can fight you
should wear a sword or a gun; but per
haps you are going to have one sent to
you?"
The old crone mumbled to herself.
The child seemed amused. ".What a
funny old woman, is she not?" . But
these words were spoken in a subdued
voice.
Supper being over, my young frienl
began to make inquiries about the ab
sent person the absenco of whom I had
noticed. The empty chair,, the clean
plate and glass, seemed to attract his at
tention for the fir ?t time.
"Do you think there is any fighting
going on?" he inquired, with a look of
anxiety.
I hope not I think not!" I replied.
, The hag made the sign of the cross.
"I think not, too!" added the boy,
with tears in his eyes. Then after a mo
ment's pause he asked whether I thought
Corporal John would go away without
bidding him good-bye.
"But who is Corporal John?" I in
quired. Hardly had I spoken these words than
the door flew open. The boy started from
his seat and rushed into ths arms of a
handsome young soldier who at that in
stant made his appearance.
I never saw a finer figure of a youth;
brave and modest at the same time, with
large lustrous eyes as "black as death,"
and a pale, thoughtful face, shaded but
not concealed by the peak of his cap
his red shirt and purple trousers giving
him a boyish look.
He bowed politely, but without raising
his cap, and entered the room with that
easy dignity which is a result of military
education, starting however, at my fixed
look, and allowing the boy to take pos
session of his gun. He appeared to be
about to speak, but restrained himself,
and took his seat at the table without
honoring me with further notice an
swering the child in monosyllables, and
Beeming at once preoccupied and
hungry.
But it was easy to see that my presence
troubled him, and for some reason or
other he was angry with the boy. I
fancied,' too, that I had seen him before.
The crone drew nearer the fire, and
with her distaff under her arm began
spinning hemp as white as her own hair.
The crone's name was Menek (the
Tyrolese for Domenica.) the child's
Cheoco..
The soldier glanced at me from timo
to time, his eyes flashing a sort of defi
ance. Checco offered him some ham and be
gan pouring wine into a tumbler.
"I am sure you will like this," ob
served the boy, with a wheedling look.
"Will you have some fruit?'?
"No," answered the soldier, curtly.
"And no wife?"
"No, my dear."
"You are oross to night, corporal!
What have I done?"
The soldier did not reply, and the boy
withdrew in silenoe. I remained face to
face with the soldier.
"I have seen you before!" he e
claimed, suddenly, his face flushing up
wnu excitement.
"That is quite true."
"Then-yon remember me?"
"Perfectly."
"Ah!" exclaimed the soldier, and once
more became absorbed in his plate.
a endeavored to renew the conversa
A . -mm.
tion, dui in vain. The yonng man re
mained silent, or as much so as he possi
bly could without being rude. I re
ferred to the circumstance of our former
meeting, but failed to discover any rea
son for his singular behavior. ' At last
he rose, and wishing me good-night, in a
friendly tone, left the room, accom
panied by the boy. who appeared to act
as vaiet aa cnambre.
Next morning I found the child seated
at the foot of my bed. He had been cry'
ing. His eyes were red as Are.
"What is the matter?" I inquired.
"Corporal John has gone."
"But he will come back again, will he
not?'
"Oh, never, never, never!" cried the
child, breaking out into passionate sobs,
The Austrians will kill her. They will
put her to death!
"What do you mean, my poor boy?"
uorporai John is a girl.
rucn was tue end ox mv adventure in
the peasant's hut.
Let me add that the boy's statement
was correct. There were a great nusaber
oi jiaiian gins in uaribaidi s army
some to fight and some to serve in hos
pitals.
Barbarous Stadeats.
The Madison University and the Bap
tist lueoiogical seminary, where Bap
tist ministers are turned out annually,
is located at Hamilton, a village about
twenty miles south of Syracuse. The
institutions have always been known as
among the moral. Hazing has been a
very infrequent occurrence, which
makes the cruel and barbarous treat
ment of two of the students recently all
the more to be deprecated. ;
Early in the day it was decided by
several of the students to haze two of
their number belonging to the sopho
more class. About fifty students were
let into the secret, and a full line of
procedure was determined on. Two
young men drove to Earlville, a village
six miles distant, and sec a rod Felt Hall,
assuring the owner that they were to
have some harmless exercises, common
in college life, and would not require
any fire or lights. The keys were, there
fore, placed in their charge. Suppers
for fifty were also engaged at the hotel,
to be served at 2 a. m. After the two
students who were to be hazed bad retir
ed, their rooms were broken open. They
were then ruthlessly compelled to dress,
and were bound hand and foot and gag
ged. A closed carriage was in waiting,
and into this they wer thrust, and the
horses' heads turned toward Earlville.
The larger part of the participants had
gone in advance by carriages. They ar
rived at their destination about midnight
and immediately tootc charge of Felt Hall.
Two large barrels had previously been
prepared for the occasion. Sharpened
nails had been driven into rhem from the
outside, so that they protruded nearly
an inch on the interior. The two vic
tims were placed iu these barrels after
the gags had been removed. The floor
of the'hall was wet down, and a sma'l
fire bnilt in the center. The birrels
were then rolled from one end of the
hall to the other, and several times
around and over the fire. Revolvers
were fired and firecrackers exploded.
The terrible din had aroused several
of the villagers, who assembled about
the hall. The cries of the imprisoned
young men could be hoard above all the
confusion. A constable demanded - ad
mission to the hall, bnt was threatened
with violence. He ungallantly retreated.
The barrels were finally rolled down the
stairs and into the street. The heads
were knocked in and the two students
liberated. They were more dead than
alive and presented a pitiable sight.
When the citizens offered to lend aid and
call for a physician the firing o revolvers
began a second time, and all were glad
to retreat. The young men's clothing
was nearly torn from their bodies, and
the blood flowed from the wounds caused
by their coming in contact with the
sharpened nails. The hazers were indig
nant over the interference of the vil
lagers, broke every street lamp in the
town and destroyed other valuable prop
erty. It is alleged that nearly all of
them were intoxicated. They left the
town at 3 a. m. without eating their sup
per. The young men who were so cru
elly tortured were taken with them.
Both are lying very ill to-night.
The faculty will hold a thorough in
vestigation. They will also settle the
damages done at Earlville. The whole
affair has caused just indignation. The
names of the students who were hazed
are witheld for the present. No such
treatment has ever been heard of in this
state. The high character of the institu
tion makes the night's work all the more
astonishing. Chicago Tribune Special.
Sweethearts and Wives.
At the Army of the Potomac reunion
in Washington recently, Charles Dud
ley Warner, in responding to the toast,
"Sweethearts and Wives," spoke in part
as follows:
This 'is an excellent and venerable
toast. I have no doubt it could be found
deposited under the foundation stone of
one of the oldest existing monuments in
the world that to Washington, over
yonder. It is old, but it will be still
new and fresh long after the Washington
monument is finished. It is one of the
most ingenious sentiments ever devised
by evasive man. Its origin is lost in the
mists of antiquity, but it was, no doubt,
concocted before latch-keys were in
vented. "Sweethearts and Wives." Is
that "and" a conjunctive or a disjunc
tive conjunctive? It is both. It suits the
convivial hour of the banquet and will
pass muBter nnder domestic inspection
at any hour of the morning. It may
mean, for the worldly moment, that there
are also wives, and it may mean, when
itmnst, in the hour when account has to
be given of the deeds done here in the
banquet, that sweethearts and wives are
the same persons. It is an honored toast;
being usually kept, like good wine, till
the last.
It is not necessary, in the presence of
the Army of the Potomac, that I should
appear as the eulogist of woman,. She
is indeed beginning to speak for herself,
and I am expecting the day when she
will begin to speak for ns, when she will
do man some slight jjstice for the little
fart he has played in. history. She
nows all about it; she reads him like
the alphabet. She knows when he has
been false and when true,' when his
bravery was genuine, and when : it was
from the fear of being called a coward,
when he has-been a pretender, when he
has been a hypocrite, when he has been
so foyal tba she , could. . worship hjm
without:a-flatter 6f reservation, and love
him without 'a -blush ' she .has studied
him and .kept all theae. things in her
heart. She has shed tears enough over
him to wash away all his sins to float
him into Heaven if he conld go there
by water. She has flattered
him till his head touches
the stars. She has strengthened
his heart, and sent him out into the
world without a shield, and the injunc
tion not to return without it, unless he
was borne upon it. She is always will
ing to hold ont a light, by which he can
swim across the river to her, and her
smle is always worth the swim; She
is always ready to pray him out of any
mischief she has enticed him into. She
will make a man of him if anvthine in
this world can. Her constancy is a prov
erb; she is the one thing that is never
twice the same and that never changes;
the one object that man can confidently
tie to. She is our national motto Per
sonified infinite -variety in unity. What
she was yesterday she will not be to
morrow, and she was not the day before;
she is everlastingly the same.
What she was to the soldier of the
Army of the Potomac I need not say.
whether she remained at home to sew for
him and pray for him, or followed him
afield with lint and bandages, or went
about in hospitals in the garb of a saint
with the smile of an angel, the picture of
self-sacrifice, to "kiss him for his moth
er. How her patriotism and genius for
organization shown out in that great
army she created, second only in import
ance to the army in the field, which
cared for the wounded and sick. When
balancing in your mind the cost of
a spring bonnet and 10.000 regalias, re
member that it was American women
who devised and exeouted the greatest
alleviation over known for the miseries
of war. Did she make any less sacri
fice than you, patient in her lonely
home, keeping up her courage and
yours ? I need not say how you thought
of her constancy and of her pride in you,
and your desire to play the man partly
for her sake sweetheart or wife
heartened and refined you. You thought
last at night and first in the morning
that she was thinking of you, and the
thought that she would weep for joy in
your victory was the sweetest thing iu it.
Uod bless her! how she stood by you.
and was proud of you and loved you.
Oh, faithful heart, what is there in life
so sweet?
But I am not here to praise women or
the army of the Potomac; only to give
you "sweethearts and wives" a sweet
heart is good; a wife is better; best of ail
is sweetheart and wife in one person.
Ivan tfie Terrible.
Ivan the Terrible was an embodiment
both of the Byzantine autocrat and the
Tartar Kabn. The title of Great Prince
was too insignificant for him, and so he
called himself the czar, by which title
the Russians used to address only the
Khans; Ivan became ruler when only
three years old. On reaching his thir
teenth year, he ordered that Prince
Shniiky, the head of the temporary gov
ernment, be thrown to .bunting dogs,
which tore him to pieces. That was his
first independent act as a ruler, and the
Russians realized that their little crown
bearer had become a real master. He
established the "oprichniki," the gen
darmes of to-day. From their saddles
hung dog's heads and brooms, whioh
signified that they were always ready to
cut off the heads of the czar's enemies
and to sweep treason from the face of
Russia. Thus autocratic terror was es
tablished. The Red Prince before the
Kremlin was kept literally red with human-
blood during the reign of the ter
rible, which lasted fully half a century
What tortures did he not try? What
ways of putting to death did he not prac
tice? But then he was pious, too. lie
ordered the priests of the eonvent of St.
Kyrile to pray for the repose of the souls
of his own victims. In his list, or synod
ic, there are found 3470 names, many
of "which were accompanied with
these suggestive words, "and family"
or "and sons" or "and family servants."
There is also found this eloquent item:
"Lord, remember ' the souls of Thy ser
vants, the Ncvgorodians, 1,505 in num
ber!" The Terrible pnt to death the
Boyarda not only with their families and
servants, but also with their cattle and
the fishes in their lakes! No doubt the
czar surpassed the Kahn. However Ivan
feared for his own life,
ponded with Elizabeth,
gland, on the subjeot of
himself in case of need,
was a strange mixture of
and he corres
queen of Eu
an asylum for
His character
grandeur and
barbarity. He was a cruel maniac with
lucid intervals, when he was a genius.
One day he was a despot, the next day
he listened to the counsel of the people's
representatives. One day he swam in
human blood, and another day he turned
his dreadful oprichniki into monks, him
self acting as their prior. ,Ooce, as he
was confessing before his brethren, a
Bovard remarked that the czar was hu
miliating himself too much. "Keep
your mouth shut, brute!" roared the ter
rible prior. "I can humiliate myself. as
muoh as I like, before whom I please."
Once in bid rage he struok his be
loved son with his iron stick and killed
him on the spot. It was nnder the Ter
rible that Ermak, with his valiant com
rades, conquered the Siberian czardom.
The freedom loving Cossacks never
dreamed that they had furnished the
czars with a horrible prison for sons and
daughters of liberty.
Liberty is represented as a female, and
yet a woman doesn't have half as much
liberty as a man. The proper figure for
Liberty should be the man who doesn't
care a continental about style, and who
won't wear aooat and stifify starch
ed collar during hot weather.
ALL SORTS.
Lost at sea The sight of land.
The key-note "Wife, let me in!"
They all come to grief -Funeral
guests.
A sole-stirring article A peg inside
the boot.
Deeds without words convey no real
estate.
Rook and wry The- cradle and the
sour-faced baby.
A work of fiction The weather
prophet's almanac.
Votneo- are" f ailures'aa bar keepers.
They nevqr keep Ma mm.' ;
Why are. blushes JikV girls? Boosusa
they become women. .
The fly is a happy thing, and goes
about trying to tick'.e everybody.
The store maple sugar is known aa the
oleomargarine of the forest.
Why are bores like trees? Because we
love them best when they leave.
. The cyclone is an escaped earthquake
laboring nnder temporary insanity.
The Bey of Tunis has caught the dynamite-scare
disease. Bomb Bey, eh?
Two things to be oarefnlly kept apart
A forward boy and a backward Jmule.
It was an apple that made Adara teU;
and the same frmt made William Tell.-
Paradoxical but true. A stormy day
makes fare weather for the horse-cars.
In one respect a boot black resembles
the sun. He oan't shine when it rains.
Because horses are used to reins it does
not follow that they are unaffected by
wet weather.
As long as postal cards are popular
the rural postmasters will have no timo
to read novels.
There is a town in Missouri named
Nodaway. It must be a perfect paradise
for snoozers.
A cuoumber sauoe is something re
cently put forth as new. It is a tort of
condensed cramps.
When a young lady sees a gentleman
she admires she naturally wishes to be
maid acquainted.
What is the difference between a dull
razor and a bad boy. None; for they
both need strapping. v
Unlike the American milkman's can,
tho Venezuela cow yields a liquid with
the flavor of cream. . .
"Bejabers!" exclaimed an Irishman,
"I've slept sixteen hours. I went to bed
at 8 and got np at 8."..
The man who stole a chronometer was
on time, but the policeman who nabbed
him was on the watch. v
When the deput sheriff sent his
sweetheart a love letter he called it
"serving a writ of attachment."
A mosaio monument erected to the
memory of the many victims of mince
pie wouldn't be a bad idea.
A wise man once said that "to-morrow
never comes." He no doubt lent an um
brella at some period in his life.
An exchange says: - "New usct are
daily discovered for leather." The small
boy fervently hopes that the uses will be
come so numerous that even the sole of a
slipper will be turned in another direc
tion. "Johnny, what are you going to be
when you are a man?" asked a minister
of a parishioner's little son. "I'm going
to be a preacher,"he replied. "A preach
er?" "Yes siree, you can bet yer sweet
life I am."
Genius is not encouraged in RaMla. A
man in that country who invented a con
trivance to make a snorer oonsume his
own snores was arrested, charged with
concocting an infernal machine to blow
up the czar.
Ann Eliza writes to ask why a poor
man always keeps dogs. We haye not
given the question much consideration,
but we have ooncluded that a poor man
keeps dogs "to keep the wolf from the
door."
Norman McCleod tells of a rather glut
tonous minister who used to look at the
dinner before saying grace, and- if it was
a good one began, "Bountiful Jehovah,"
etc. If it looked bad, "We are not,
O Lord, worthy of the least of thy mer
cies." "Yes, sir," says the Dead wood man,
"Parson Rounder is a saint. He's al
ways willing to sacrifice himself. He
threw down a straight flush hand the
other night to go and pray with a dying
man who sent for him, I call that true
martyrdom. ' . -
A frog fell into a pail of milk in a
country town, and in the morning was -found
sitting upon a roll of batter. A
local paper says that the sole explana
tion is that, in trying to extricate him
self, the frog had, by diligent and con
tinuous strokes of his long legs, churned
the milk into batter. Biddy says she
don't believe it.
A negro hurrying with a sack of cotton
on his sholder, struck a beam with bis
head. The blow was like the stroke of a
sledge-hammer, and the whole building
trembled. "That must have hurt your
head, Jim!" said his boss, pityingly.
"No. sah!" was the reply. "Didn't hurt
my head a bit, but sprained my neck
drefiiyr .
At one of the public sohools a superin
tendent asked the following question:
"Suppose you had eight feallons of
liquor in a vessel and some one wished
to buy four gallons of it, and yon only
had a three and a five gallon menture to
measure it with, what would you do?"
After some delay, 'one of the pupils
answered; "Go out and borrow another
from a neighbor."
A minister from .the city wan dining
with the son of one of his old parishion
ers, who is now a prosperous operator in
the oil regions. After asking $;raoe at
the dinner table the bright little daughter
of the host said: "That's a pretty grace,
bnt that isn't the way my father fays it."
"And how does your papa say it?" asked
the minister, expecting to hear one of
tho bright replies for whioh the child
was famous, while the rest of tho guests
echoed: "Yes, tell us how your papa
says grace." The unhappy father conld
not reach her, and she said nwectlj:
"Why, when be comes in to di iner he
looks at mamma and then says: "Well,
this is a of a meal to set Ittfare a
white man?'