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About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (March 5, 2014)
Spilyay Tymoo, Warm Springs, Oregon Page 11 March-5, 2014 OSU Extension Beef Industry Tour 2013: Trace Minerals in the Cattle Diet Fara Brummer, Central Oregon Livestock Agent This entire presentation can be viewed on the OSU B eef Cattle Sci ences w ebsite, at) h ttp :// b e e fc a ttle .a n s .o re g o n s ta te .e d u / BeefTour2013.htm Session Three: Trace Mineral Supplementation o f Grazing B eef Cattle Dr. John Arthington, Professor and Center Director, University o f Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center Dr. Arthington was one o f the guest speakers at the B eef Industry Tour in December. He started out by saying he would focus on three trace minerals: selenium, copper, and zinc. Trace minerals are also called micro minerals, and generally speaking are re q u ire d in b e e f c attle diets at amounts less than 1 gram per day. (Macro-minerals, on the other hand, are generally required at amounts of greater than 1 gram per day). Dr. Arthington gave a local background o f mineral research which was con ducted out at Bums., Oregon. Based on data collected from grass samples, copper, zinc, and Sodium (sélénium was not tested) were shown to be deficient all year long (Ganskopp and Bohnert, 2003). As fair as the macro minerals, calcium and manganese were deficient early in the year, and became more adequate as the year progressed. Phosphorus and potas sium, also macro minerals, were the opposite as they were sufficient early on, and then dropped in concentra tion. This information tells us that mineral concentrations in grasses change with grass growth and matu rity. If cattle do not receive required minerals, initially they can have a sub- clinical disorder which can show it self in immune, growth, or reproduc tive function. However, over time, they can mineral specific clinical dis o rd ers th at can be severe. Dr. Arthington proceeded to discuss the following micro or trace minerals: Selenium: selenium deficiency is common in grazing cattle world wide. The problem with administer ing selenium in the diet is that it can also be toxic. It has a narrow margin o f safety. However, it is essential as it works together with Vitamin E to pre vent such classic problems as white muscle disease which can kill calves, retained placentas and lowered fertil ity and immunity in cows. Zinc: is a cofactor in the proper functioning o f certain enzymes, and is commonly supplemented as zinc sulfate. It is important in proper tes ticular development and sperm func tion in bulls. In addition, it has found to be important in maintaining hoof integrity. Copper: is also important in enzyme function, and is commonly supplemented as copper sulfate. It also plays an important part in cattle immunity, growth, and reproduction. Dr. A rth in g to n w arned again st Extension Garden Coordinator in W arm S p rin g s an d Simnasho this season. Bom in Illi nois and raised on a farm, she learned to work hard, raise animals and bake a mean apple pie. Her excitement and love o f gar dening took root after slie started learning about nature and wondering how it worked, eventually becoming a science teacher and naturalist in the southwest and Florida. Recently Yvonne completed her M asters in Teaching and her Master Gardener training, from OSU in Central Oregon. She currently teaches in the classroom during the winter months and runs a gardening education service, called Your Garden Companion, LLC during thé growing season. She will be a contract gar dener for our program. Her goal is to help you enjoy OSU Extension Garden Worskhops Warm Springs - Garden Workshops Simnasho - Garden Workshop ! L ight M eals Provided! Bring leftover seeds, packets, colored pencils and a ruler if you have them Register: 541-553-3238 both the work and wonder o f garden ing. Her motto is : “Nature is my model for living and my avenue for learning.” Cooking with Chicken Tty these cpdck and easy ways to add chicken to your tnealst Oregon State University’s Recipe to M arket Online pro vides an entrepreneurial founda tion for developing and launch ing successful food business ventures. T hrough lessons in start-up knowledge, food regula tions, marketing and commercial ization, these courses will teach students essential skills for navi gating today’s sm alt food land scape. Gain behind the scenes access to successful food start-ups through real world case studies and interviews with professional entrepreneurs. Save $ 100 by completing all three courses in the certificate. 'J Brand and Market Planning - Explore successful methodologies used by food entrepreneurs to promote, package and develop a food brand that meets a consumer need. ; V Development and Production - Learn the practical aspects o f food safety and the importance o f FDA guidelines and regulations, as well as food pro cessing requirements. "V Business Planning, Legality and Financing - Understand how to develop an effective food business plan that considers available financing channels and negotiating legal requirements. emaillearn@oregonstate.edu. idly. However, injectable minerals) have been shown to be effective ltd increasing immune response. M ineral supplem entation inj cattle is complex as antagonistic ef-! fects can also occur between miner-i als. For example, a high sulfur diet cam bring on copper deficiency when! molybdenum, another trace mineral, is also absent. For example, pasture! fertilization using a.su lfate bases should be considered as a potential! high sulfur input for cattle forage, and: has been shown to decrease copper! lev els in c attle in one study! (Arthington et. Al; 2002). Arthington concluded with the} fact that cattle will only consume salt; rapidly based on their physical need, and will not consume necessary min-! erals without the use o f salt if theyi ate deficient in those minerals. There-1 fore, attention has to be paid to i supplementing required minerals for-; cattle performance. Minerals are a j necessary and important part o f the cattle diet and can influence produc tion. A better understanding o f local! cattle needs and supplementing ac- j cording to those needs can prevent! deficiency disorders in your cattle ! management system. For additional inform ation, ;■ please contact your local E xtension' office or v isit our B e e f C attle w e b s i t e : h t t p : / / b e e fc a ttle .a n s .o re g o n s ta te .e d u / BeefTour2013.htm Planning your Garden, Wednesday, April 23, 6:00 - 8:00 pm Small Food, Big Success F o r q u e stio n s a b o u t the Recipe to Market Online Certificate or to enroll, v is it pace.oregonstate.eduirecipe2market, c a /1 541-737-4197, or Minerals can be supplemented to cattle in the following forms: Free- choice, loose mineral supplement, trace mineral fortified protein/energy supplem ents (cubes, cakes, tubs/ blocks, loose feed mixes), trace min eral fo rtifie d sa lt b lo ck s, and drenches, injections, and slow-re- lease boluses. While free choice salt based mineral is the most common form o f supplementation, consistency with intake is a problem, and not all cattle in the herd will get the same amount. Controlled supplement feed ing with cattle can potential insure better intake o f supplement and less problem with mineral deficient issues. This can be accomplished through addition, in alfalfa cubes, soybean meals, or other types o f added feeds. Another form o f supplementation for selenium mineral can be fertilization. An Oregon State University study (Filley et al. 2007) showed forage se lenium values increased in the first year with the use o f a fertilizer with selenium addition. Another newer form o f mineral for zinc, copper, and manganese are hydroxy m inerals. These concen trated m inerals have been shown through research to be preferred by cattle over other forms. Yet another form that is currently popular is an injectable mineral mix formula such as Multi-Min. This product results in a rapid increase in blood concentra tions of manganese, zinc, copper, and selenium, but it is also excreted rap Incredible Soils, Thursday, M arch 20, 12:00 - 1:00pm Soil Recipe for Gardening Success - Wednesday, April 2, 5:30 pm - 7:30 pm Planning your G arden -Wednesday, April.30, 5:30 pm — 7:30 pm Meet Yvonne Babb, our new OSU Extension Garden Coordinator who w ill be teaching, gardening c la s s e s supplementing with copper oxide as it has shown to have potential nega tive effects on forage consumption and weight gain. Copper addition in the diet should be balanced at a 1 (Cu):3 (Zn) ratio with zinc. Many times, but not always, copper defi ciency can be noticed as a loss o f hair coat pigmentation. Stress and the Increased Need for Trace Minerals: Cattle during stressful periods have a heightened requirement for trace minerals. A study by Arthington (1996) showed that urinary zinc concentration shot up in response to a viral exposure in stressed calves, but then dropped dramatically after the second day o f exposure, demonstrating that zinc is used during times o f infection and stress. Forms o f minerals and supple mentation : Minerals are sold as or ganically or inorganically based. Re search has not supported one over the other, but antagonists, age, and stress are all factors that can demon strate a difference. In one study (Athington and Swensen, 2004), in organic m ineral supplem ent was shown to increase pregnancy rates in young cows by 21% over organic minerals. However, in another study (Arthington and Swensen, 2004), or ganic mineral supplement was shown to decrease calving interval in young cows by 16 days. In both studies, older cows were unaffected by min eral source. Kids Can... . choose 3 vegetable co serve with ehlelten, b to p ¡Choir salad with sh rerid eri or bite-size chicken pieces. «• sat a tim er for nw klrtg thicken. ■ Sanitize knives, cutting boards di&dcen. • Wash hands before and a fter handling raw meat. « Serve homem ade Crunchy Chicken Nugget* (recipe an back] w ith veggie sticks end low-fat dipt: • Refrigerate leftovers w ith in 2 hours, ■ Cook chicken co 165' F Vegetarian Recipe Substi'tuli on ' • Substitute 1 cup of tofu, cooked beans or cups o f tofu, cooked beans or JenUla per pound o f ra w .meat: In th e recipe, Stay cowiscted Monthly Food Hero Checklist □ Tty a new seasoning on chicken O Have kids top salads w ith chicken. D © * Oregon State U N IV E R S IT Y FoodHero.org ExtBRSlOll SSIVÌCB a 3 4 I 4 I I 1 and countertops ef ter preparing > I t y a new seasoning: Rosemary, thym e, basil, tw a g o n or garlic powder testes great on chicken. ■ If à reci pe calls for meal In pounds: use 2-2 f t j Safety First w ith Chicken « Cut raw chicken in to bite-sized pieces, cook and use as toppers far salad and pasta, O r use a fork to shred cooked chicken to use tn recipes like foorihero.org s Chicken Enchilada Soup. ientl Is fa r every t cup of cooked m eat In a recipe. 4 4 i g I «
