November 14, 2002
Page 9
THE CONFEDERATED TRIBES LANGUAGE LESSON-
Spifyay Tymoo, Warm Springs, Oregon
Learner's Corner
For the issue and the one to follow we'll take a closer look at forming action words. Try to look for a system here. Once you feel you have a grasp of how
action words are formed, depending on the subject of the sentence, look for examples within the normal lessons on the previous page!
Kiksht Numu Ichishkiin
(Wasq'u) (Paiute) (Sahaptin)
Review Review Review ,
l 1 1 1 I ' ' I 3 I IZZZ3 1 I
Answers for the review section of last issue: Answers for the review section of last issue: Answers for the review section of last issue:
will follow you.
Bob sees Fred.
see you.
Ayamwaya.
Bob tuqnit Fred.
Yamuqmit.
I am following you.
Bob sees Fred.
I see you.
Nu u nakwi kemma.
Bob ka Fred ponne.
Nu ume poone.
I will follow you. Twanashamash.
Bob sees Fred. Bob iq'inusha Fredna.
see you. Q'inushamash.
School
Work
Home
Dinner
Itqwtf
Skul A
Anxamgapx
Chushdix itxtem
School
Work
. Home
Dinner
Schoodu
Yongo tuka
Woiku
Nobe
School
Work
Home
Dinner
X- -
Kutkut
Tkwatat
Nisha"
Sapsikw'atpama
How much do you remember from the last
Learner's Corner? To practice, circle the best
translation of of these Kiksht sentences: ,
f 1 ) Dava wigwa k'ava qiklaix skulba igixux.
It will rain well
tomorrow.
-C- ..
How much do you remember from the last
Learner's Corner? To practice, circle the best
translation of of these Numu sentences:
I had a good day
yesterday at home.
-A-
School was not
good today.
- B -
I r" 0 ) Q'ma'a nanawoikuna kihowne'yoo.
Work was qood We worked hard
today.,'..-
to ing.
It was a good
week-end.
-C-
, How much do you remember from the last
Learner's Corner? To practice, circle the best
translation of of these Ichishkiin sentences:
, H ) Shinam aq'inushana kutkutpa chi kuuk?
What job were you Who did you see How was school
doing today? ,v at work today? yesterday?
-At -B- -C-
(2) Aa. ft'ukdi igixux ikmagapx daya wigwa.
:(2) Nasekooduna ha'a pesa'voo?
(2) Chiau niix iwacKa skuulit chi kuuk.
Yes, work was
; goodtoday.
Ah, yesterday
was a fine game.
- B -
It will rain well
tomorrow.
-C-
Yes, work was '
good today.
- A -
I didn't see her
there.
- B - ,
Was school good
today?
-C-
Yesterday school
was qood.
(3) Shan imtgelkel daya wigwa ikmagapxba?
Which car did you
see today?
-A-
Who did you see
at work today?
- B -
Sentenced
Who will sing
tomorrow?
" " V (3 ) Nu ooka poone ya ,
Today you sang ... I saw you go to ... Today I saw
,r -a-: ? -B- -c-
No one was at
- work.
S a -y '
" (3) fj niix iwacha kutkut chi kuuk,"
School was not
good today.
-C-
Yes, work was
good today.
A-' - j
Yes, I will go to Yes, I am feeling
work tomorrow. .'. , well.
.-..-B-- -C-
1.
if
In every language, knowing how to sayaction
. words (verbs) appropriate to the speaker and
audience is a pattern. Once we learn the pattern
we can learn just one verb and are instantly able
to change it to fit our intended meaning. So let's
begin to see how verbs change as different sub
jects are discussed. (Such as I, he, she, we, etc.)
Niuqmit idatf'qt itqwtf.
Niuqmit idatt'qt itqwtf
I see longhouse
I see the longhouse
Emduqmit idatt'qt itqwtf.
Emduqmit idatt'qt itqwtf
You see longhouse
You see the longhouse
Axka duqmit idatt'qt itqwtf.
Axka duqmit idatt'qt itqwtf
She sees longhouse
She sees the longhouse.
Yaxka shduqmit idatt'qt itqwtf.
Yaxka shduqmit idatt'qt itqwtf
. He sees longhouse
He sees the longhouse.
Shduqmit idatt'qt itqwtf.
Shduqmit idatt'qt itqwtf
They (two people) see longhouse
They two people see the longhouse.
Labladiksh tduqmit idatt'qt itqwfi.
Labladiksh tduqmit idatt'qt itqwtf
They (more than two) see longhouse
They more than two people see the longhouse.
Alxaika alqduqmit idatt'qt itqwtf. ' '
Alxaika alqduqmit idatt'qt itqwtf y J
We (all of us) see longhouse . 7'
We see the longhouse. ;
see
.go
poone
mea.:.
,7
see
go
q'inusha
winasha
Sentence
Sentence
In every language, knowing how-to say action "
words (verbs) appropriate to the speaker and
audience is a pattern. Once we learn the pattern
we can learn just one verb and are instantly able
to change it to fit our intended meaning. So let's
begin to see how verbs change as different sub
jects are discussed. (Such as I, he, she, we, etc.)
Nu ka oodunobe poone.
Nu ka oodunobe poone.
I longhouse see.
I see the longhouse
Oosoo oodunobe poone.
Oosoo oodunobe poone.
he, she longhouse sees.
(S)he sees the longhouse.
Umu ka oodunobe poone.
Umu ka oodunobe poone.
They longhouse see.
They see the longhouse.
Nume ka oodunobe poone.
Nume ka oodunobe poone.
We longhouse see. "
We see the longhouse. 1
In every language, knowing how to say action
r words (verbs) appropriate to the speaker and
audience is a pattern. . Once we learn the pattern
we can learn just one verb and are instantly able
to change it to fit our intended meaning. So let's
begin to see how verbs change as different sub
jects are discussed. (Such as I, he, she, we, etc.)
Aq'iunushaash kaatnamna.
A- q'inusha -ash kaatnam -na
He, she, it see 1 longhouse object
I see the longhouse
Aq'inushanam kaatnamna.
A- q'inusha -nam kaatnam -na '
She, her it" see you longhouse object
;..- 7 You see the longhouse
J
" So; as the English verb "to see" changes to match.
p- the subject (notice when see changed to sees);
m i look at what happens in Numu for. "to go : f:
I
4
Vv Iq'inusha kaatnamna.
t J- q'inusha kaatnam -na
V lt she, he see longhouse object
'i- (S)he sees the longhouse.
V Paq'inusha kaatnamna. j '
;,' fa- q'inusha kaatnam na ,m
" They see longhouse object
They two people see the longhouse.
Endaima intduqmit idatt'qt itqwtf.
Endaima intduqmit idatt'qt itqwtf 1
We (the two of us) see longhouse
We see the longhouse. ,.
Let's switch verbs to "go" and see what happens:
Nu ka oodunobewitoo meowkwe.
Nu ka oodunobewitoo meowkwe.
"I longhouse go. ' '
I am going to the longhouse
Aq'inushaatash kaatnamna.
1 A- q'inusha (-a-) -tash kaatnam -na , --'
. He, she, it see we longhouse object 1 :
, We see the longhouse. T; - "
So, just as the English verb "to see" changes to
match the subject, so does the Ichishkiin verb of
"to see v Let s look at what happens for "to go
Anuya
idatt'qtyamt
itqwtf.
I go to the
longhouse
Amuya
idatt'qtyamt
itqwtf.
You go to the
longhouse
Axka aluya
idatt'qtyamt
itqwtf.
She goes to the
longhouse.
Yaxka ayuya
idatt'qtyamt
itqwtf.
He goes to the
longhouse.
Ashduya
idatt'qtyamt
itqwtf.
They two
people go to
the longhouse. longhouse.
Kanawa alxuya
idatt'qtyamt
4
itqwtf. ,
They more
than two
people go to '
the
longhouse.
Aishki amtuya
idatt'qtyamt
itqwtf.
We all of us
go to the
Oosoo oodunobewitoo me'a.
Oosoo oodunobewitoo me'a.
(S)he longhouse go 1
(S)he goes to the longhouse.
v
Y
. TP'.
Winaxaash kaatnamvau.
Wina -xa :ash kaatnam -yau
'.Gaf repetative, habitual .I longhouse to the
z
'Hi
Umu ka oodunobekwitoo meaga'a.
Umu ka oodunobekwitoo go.
They longhouse go.
They go to the longhouse.
Nume ka oodunobewitoo me'akwe.
Nume ka oodunobewitoo me'akwe.
y vve lunynuuse go.
We go to the longhouse.
I no to the lonnhouse
I' 9T "a--z' .
Wlnaxanam kaatnamyau. 1
You goto the longhouse ;
. Iwinaxa kaatnamyau.
She goes to the longhouse.
Pawinaxa kaatnamyau.
They go to the longhouse.
Winaxaatash kaatnamyau.
We go to the longhouse.
Answers to review questions: 1)B 2)A3)B
Answers to review questions: 1)A 2) C 3)C
Answers to review questions: 1) B 2)C3)A