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About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (Feb. 25, 1999)
Spilyay Tymoo Warm Springs, Oregon February 25, 1999 9 .eXTOJSXDN 5HV)CE Arlene Boileau 4-H k Youth Bob Pawelek Clint Jacks Deanie Johnson Livestock Staff Chair. Madras Secretary Bernadette Handley Zack del Nero Sue Ryan Home Economics Natural Resources 4-H Assistant Internet Address: http:www.orst.edudeptwsext The Oregon State University Extension Service staff is devoted to extending research-based Information from OSU to the people of Warm Springs In agriculture, home economics, 4-H youth, forestry, community development, energy and extension sea grant program with OSU, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exenslon Service offers Its programs and materials equally to all people. (503) 553-3238 A fin f v wi ...t.'-4r The Clover speaks- Natural Resource notables- Youth InternshipApprenticeship Program The National Center for Workforce Prepa ration, a division of National 4-H Council, contributes to the development of a nation wide system which prepares all young people for an employable future. One of its pro grams, the Youth InternshipApprenticeship Program, was initiated with the assistance of American Honda Motor Co., Inc., and seeks to provide students with an opportunity to link school learning with real work for real pay at auto and motorcycle dealerships. This program is designed to provide im mediate practical application of skills learned in the classroom. By working at the job site, students see the benefit in Math, Science, English, Technology and other academic classes as they work beside highly skilled employees. Students are provided with both coaches and mentors who guide their learning while linking it to information they learn at their high school. These students are a step ahead of the rest with real world experience and work ready skills. This provides a direct pathway to further learning through articula tion agreements to other training opportuni ties. This program is compatible with the requirements of the School-To-Work Op portunities Act of 1 994. The National Center for Workforce Preparation has been approved by the U.S. Department of Labor and the National School-to-Work Office to be a tech nical asssistance provider. The Youth InternshipApprenticeship Pro gram results in a win-win fore veryone: Young people learn job skills and can select a career pathway earlier in life; Honda dealers de velop a future workforce; Schools receive community and business support for curricu lum and instruction; Cooperative Extension fulfills its mission of bringing resources to the community. The National Center for Workforce Prepa ration has designed its efforts with the fol lowing elements: Community wide partner ships to the development and sustainability of the effort; Dealerships provide paid work experience and guided worksite learning; Schools integrate academic and worksite learning; The program articulates high school and post secondary learning and is at least two years in duration. The students experi ence various aspects of the dealership busi ness, including vehicle repair, parts distribu tion, sales, marketing and business manage ment; Students who complete the program gain academic and occupational skills and competencies. In addition, the Youth InternshipAppren ticeship Program: Is part of a comprehensive school-to-work transition effort; Instills in students a commitment to life long learning; Develops an identifiable curriculum base for youth internsapprentices; Provides the stu dent broad exposure to the industry and its occupations; Engages business to appoint mentorscoaches and provides for their train ing; Provides a collaborative structure that encourages staff development for teachers and business partners, curriculum develop ment, career guidance, and teamwork. Creating a Structure In order to build strong ownership in the program by the local community, a steering committee that involves a diverse cross sec tion of the community is vital. We are guided by a principle of creating systems that allows students multiple opportunities to become aware of and explore careers and accumulate the appropriate academic and work based experiences. A clear pathway toward future training which will lead to a successful tran sition to the world of work. We also provide assistance to communi ties that want to develop communtiy collabo rations to address local workforce issues. The development of workforce preparation strategic plans by the collaborations will assist in the sustenance of this and other workforce programs in the communities. Teams of key community partners includ ing dealerships, Extension agents and school representatives are encouraged to contact National 4-H Council to seek an overview of the program. We can arrange for an orientation on the key con cepts and processes of the program once we have confirmation from you that the dealership, Extension agent and school system are all interested in the program. To have your community involved in cre ating a better workforce, contact the Youth InternshipApprenticeship Program by fax at (301) 961-2894, or e-mail at Webberfourhcouncil.edu Please let us know if you would like to receive periodic updates on the YIAP program. HOME SWEET HOME- Tax time is just around the corner!! If the thought of spending hours and hours with forms and pencils and calculators is not in viting, consider accessing forms and infor mation from the Internet. Save yourself a trip to the library or post office to pick up official tax information. Every federal tax form and instruction booklet is available online, along with even more intriguing material such as Internal Revenue Service (IRS) regulations and bulletins. If you find yourself in need of particular tax information or forms, start your search by heading to http:www.irs.gov. The newspaper-like interface offers access to updated content and an interesting explanation of the tax system, but the most useful links are probably those listed in plain text along the bottom. The Tax Info For You and Tax Info For Business links provide links to information about topics that might be of interest to individuals or companies. For instance, the Business Tax Kit is a handy selection of publications that can guide many small busi nesses through the tax thicket. The heart of the IRSD site is the Forms & Pub link. The page that appears when you click Form & Pubs is another list of links with short description. From here it is pos sible to access forms by number or search by By Bernadette Handley, OSU Extension Home Ec Agent keyword. The Forms and Instruction link brings users directly to a huge list of about every tax form a person could imagine a list offering. Most people never need to look at most of these fine publications but the more familiar can be found here as well. The best thing about these forms is you can download, print, and use them like any other tax form. To download a form of your choice, you must first select a file format. The IRS conveniently offers formats for most forms but the only one most users need is the portable document format (PDF), which is the format used by Adobe Acrobat. From http:www.adobe.comproindesacrobat readstep.htlm, you can download the Adobe Acrobat reader which is a free plug-in. With Acrobat Reader, you can open the tax forms to download, view on your computer and print them. The Tax Stats link includes a wealth of information about the financial composition of individuals, business taxpayers, tax ex empt organizations and more. This data has been sampled from all kinds of returns and sorted in lots of interesting ways. These facts will amuse some of you and others will find them worth their weight in gold. The Electronic Services link invites you to the wonderful world of technology. You will want to take advantage of the latest methods of filing your return electronically, filing Federal and state returns simulta neously, downloading information and re trieving up-to-date information from the IRS. This year the Service is promoting the ben efits of IRS e-file (electronic filing). You will now see "IRS e-flle" in many places where electronic filing services are being offered. The Taxpayer Help & Ed link is the place to brush up on tax subjects ranging from small business seminars to state services in your area. With changing tax rules and regu lations, it pays to make sure taxpayers have easy access to all these materials. Indeed, there are some valuable lessons here. So, study-up. The knowledge you gain here will pay off for sure. The What's Hot link offers one cool place to check out the hottest things going on at the Internal Revenue Service. Learn about first time services. Home in on the latest tax law changes, news flashes and newly released statistics and bulletins. Catch up on last minute corrections to publications. What ever you're looking for, you'll discover that this is a popular takeoff point. Whether you file by paper or electroni cally, DON'T DELAY - APRIL 15 IS THE LAST DAY!! by Zach del Nero, Natural Resources Extension Agent Community Garden Spring is coming up soon and it is time to start planning for garden projects. Austin Smith made a large effort to establish a Community Garden at Agency, you may have noticed the rows of corn next to the Administration building last summer. This year, we would like to build upon what was started. There will be a Warm Springs Community Garden meeting at 530 PM on Thursday, 25Feb99 in the Education Building (old boy's dorm). We will be meet ing to discuss what to plant, how to manage the garden, future garden projects (Simnasho, Seekseequa, Sunnyside, etc), work assign ments and what to do with the harvest. A community garden is a symbol of people working together to better their own lives and those around them. It doesn't matter if you have never gardened before or if you are an expert, we can all learn to work together and learn about where our foods come from. All that is needed is your enthusiasm and your participation. There are several garden crops which we would like to plant this year including: corn, tomatoes, pumpkins, cucumbers, peppers and melons. If you have more suggestions, please bring them to the meeting on the 25th! Parenting Series When: Monthly Time: 5:30 PM Where: Education Building DATES TOPIC February 25-Parenting the older child March 11 -Stress Management for the parent April 15-How to keep your child busy May 20-Summertime activities - what to do with your child? Following the harvest, community mem- V v. v . v v. . . h ..A.'1- "Via . '" '' v. ., '.: bers and the Extension Home Economics agent will give demonstrations on food pres ervation techniques and other tools to utilize these products. I encourage you to participate in the gar den, even if you stay outside of the Agency area. Bring your children and spend a few hours a week in the field and enjoy the learning and the satisfaction that a garden can bring. We hope to see man you at the meeting on the 25th, if you have any ques tions please call the OSU Extension Service at 553-3238. y N 4-H Horse Judqes ! Clinic March 3 through 5, 1999 Linn County Fair & Expo Center, Albany, OR Contact Brad Jeffreys at 541-737-1314 for more information. Crop loss disaster assistance programs help An emergency relief bill was approved to t aid Farmers who suffered weather related -crop losses in 1998 or who had crop losses covered by crop insurance or by the non insured assistance progam (NAP) in three or more years from 1994 through 1998. Compensation for 1998 losses may be paid to applicants when weatherrelated losses exceed 35 percent of either their own actual production history (APH) or of the county average yield. The compensation will be based on 65 percent of the five year average price for crops not insurable by crop insur ance. Crops which could have been covered by crop insurance but were not, will be paid at 60 percent of the insurable price. Produc ers must agree to buy crop insurance during 1999 and 2000 crop years to receive this -payment on uninsured, insurable crops. Losses on insured crops will be compensated at 65 percent of the insurable price. Compensation for multiple year losses will be a supplemental amount of 25 percent of either crop insurance payments or nap payments made during three or more years from 1994 through 1998. Producers may only receive payment for 1998 losses or for supplemental payments for nap or crop insurance payments made in multiple years, not both. Signup for this crop loss payment will be February 1 through March 12, 1999. Please contact the Farm Service Agency at (541) 923-4358, extension 2 for more information. Rare fossil shows dinosaurs were fast STOCKMAN'S ROUNDUP: Ten ways to get a little more for your catves by Bob Pawelek OSU Livestock Agent Watching calves come through the auc tion ring helps the rancher learn why buyers pay more for some calves than they do for others. The action that you take months or weeks before, and maybe even the morning of the sale, may help assure a higher bid and can boost the total dollar value of your cattle. 1 . Produce for your strongest market The spring market is usually a good price picture for the year. Demand is usually strong for calves to finish up winter grazing or to use early summer grass. To hit the spring market, hold late-spring or summer calves over on winter pasture. 2. Market frequently It's like hedging. You may not want to bet the profitability of your entire calf crop on a single day's prices. 3. Manage cattle to fit the market The average producer should stay away from the extremes. If a producer deviates from the industry norm, he should do so with a marketing plan and a purpose. For ex ample, if you want to produce calves for a bull feeding market, be sure your animals fit the program. Sit down with someone who is knowledgeable about that market and find out what it takes to produce for it. The market also dictates whether or not the average producer should castrate bull calves, creep-feed or precondition. For the latter two, an organized program will usually reward you for your added expenses. 4. Check out auction markets Markets have people who can help you get a better price. If you need to sell cattle that are out of the ordinary, let the auction company know in advance, so they have time to prepare for you. Different markets have different person alities. Some markets may sell larger num bers of some cattle than of others - for ex ample, maybe more stock cows or baby calves or crossbreds. 5. Stay informed of market trends Don't just show up at the sale barn with a trailerload of cattle and your fingers crossed. Read or listen to market reports on a regular basis - daily, or at least weekly. Call the market operator occasionally and ask him what trends he foresees. A good market manager likes for his customers to call him. That's what he's there for - his customers. A cow-calf man shouln't just watch for calf prices. Also check prices for yearlings and fat cattle. They determine what calves will bring. 6. Take advantage of weather markets When heavy snow in Eastern Oregon or perhaps a lengthy period of rainfall in the Valley slices the number of cattle brought to markets there, prices here in Central Oregon may go up. An order buyer may have only a week to put together a load or pen of cattle. If the weather has been bad and cattle marketings have been down, he's going to bid higher to fill his orders. How ever, a weather market can also work against you. For example, weather condi tions that block transportation to the destina tion point for stockers or feeders can depress the price at the local market. 7. Sell calves when they peak That's when they've made all the growth they can from milk, and they need a change in feeding to continue to gain. You may want to wean and sell a calf right after he peaks, or else feed him for 60 to 90 day s, but at least 40 days. You'll probably lose money if you try to hold a calf for a week or two after he's weaned. He'll lose his bloom and attractive ness to buyers. So you're forced to feed him until he gets that bloom back. 8. Avoid stress Wean calves and move them directly to the sale. Do not let them stand out in the hot sun while you drench their mothers and then load them out. The overall attractiveness of a calf is severely reduced if he has been rained on, is covered with mud, and has been drained of energy. Any calf that's tired when he comes to the sale barn will even be tireder by the time he leaves. Buyers mentally take that into account when they're bidding. Although I am a South Texas boy, I must admit that the nervous, high-strung animals - like most strains of Brahmans (are you reading this, Bill Zollinger?) have a ten dency to buckle or go down when they've been stressed or run in muddy pens. There is now way to salvage a buckling calf. A buyer won't even be able to get him on the truck. Again, the solution is to have dry pens or solid pastures in which you can hold cattle until you are ready to load them. 10. Move 'em out slow and easy Ease calves onto your truck or trailer with as little hassle as possible. Don't try to crowd too many calves onto a single truck or trailer. Make sure they have solid footing. There's now way to guarantee that your cattle will always top the market. The truth is that you can do more to keep from getting discounted than you you can to get a higher price. But, you can increase their dollar value by having a market strategy and by using good common sense in taking your calves to the sale barn. by David Smith Scientists at Oregon State University who just completed a study of what they say is the world's most perfectly preserved fossil of a theropod, or meat-eating dinosaur, say it provides an unprec edented view of the biology of thse ancientreptiles and new clues to their lifestyle. The bottom line is: You wouldn't want to meet one of them in a dark alley. The research, to be published soon in the journal Science, offers insights into dinosaur me tabolism, the warm-blooded verses cold-blooded debate, the question of whether or not they might have been the ancestors of birds, and even the biology that first helped them dominate the world and eventually may have let to their extinction. "The fossil is helping confirm that the dino saurs were indeed, by definition, cold-blooded, and that in all likelihood birds are not the descen dants of any known group of dinosaurs," said Nicholas Geist, a paleobiologist at OSU. "But the extraordinary condition of the fossil allows us to hang some meat on the bones of these animals and bring them back to life a little bit It's almost like dinosaur dissection." What that analysis reveal, Geist said, is an animal that had the best of both worlds. Like other cold-blooded animals, these theropod dinosaurs had low metabolic rates while at rest, which is an excellent strategy for conserving energy. But its enhanced lung ventilation capacity gave it the potential for the type of aggressive, extended activity typical of birds and mammals. "These theropod dinosaurs were fast, danger ous animals," Geist said, "certainly not slow or sluggish. They could conserve energy much of the time and then go like hell whene verthey wanted to. That might go a long way towards explaining why they were able to dominate mammals for 150 million years." Geist and OSU colleague Terry Jones made these observations after study in Salerno, Italy, of a fossil first discovered just a few years ago of a baby Scipionyx, a meat-eater that lived about 110 million years ago and bore some similarity to a velociraptor. They were only the second group of paleontologists in the world to study fossil. "Besides an intact skeleton, this fossil shows remnants of liver, large intestine, windpipe and even muscles," Jones said. The baby dinosaur died in a shallow, still, saltwater marsh that pre served its structure incredibly well. It's like a Rosetta stone forpaleontology, and shows us more about dinosaur biology than we ever knew be fore." Of particular importance, the researches said. is the clear presence of a complete separation of the body cavity into two parts, one containing the lungs and heart, and the other holding the liver and guts. This sortofbody cavity partitioning isonly seen in living animals that use an active diaphragm to help ventilate their lungs, such as mammals and crocodilians. Like crocodiles, and alligators, the liver of these carnivorous dinosaurs were pulled back by large muscles that attached to a distinctive bony element of the pelvis. Thes muscles pulled the h ver back, causing it to act like a piston. This "hepatic piston" mechanism probably enhanced the capacity for high levels of oxygen exchange and the fast-paced activity associated with it-that could have rivaled that of some mam mals. "This type of physiology would provide some metabolic advantages unlike that of any animal still alive today," Jones said. "But for various reasons it only works well in a warm, equitable climate, which most of the world had during the age of dinosaurs. When the climate turned colder or more seasonal variation developed, what had once been the advantage of the dinosaurs became their problem." The lungs and other structures found in this dinosaur fossil bears little similarity to that of modem birds, the researchers said, and they con tinue to believe it's unlikely that birds could have evolved from any known dinosaurs. The fossil also showed none of the types of nasal "turbinates" that previous OSU research has linked to nearly all warm-blooded animals. The only living animal that have a lung struc ture similar to what is being found in dinosaurs, the researchers said, are modem corocolilians. But that may be an evolutionary remnant of a physiol ogy which once served a different purpose, they said. Prehistoric crocodilian species which are now extinct were more lightly built, fast animals that could stand upright on land and run. The view of theropod dinosuars that is emerg ing, the OSU researchers said, is reptiles that could save energy while idling but had the potential for enormous, sustained burstsofactivitywhenneened. This was not a sluggard of a lizard. "A lot of people who only see cold-blooded reptiles moving slowly in temperate zones have no concept of what they can do in warmer climates and how well they can function", Geist said. Then if you add in the lung capacity that we're finding for meat-eating dinosaurs, what you have is a turcharged reptile, "If you go back in time and see one of them, that's probably the last thing you'd ever see."