Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
April 1, 1994 PAGE 7
Spring has sprung! It's time to garden
Now that spring is officially here many well drained soils which are common in the
people are thinking about growing things. Warm Springs area. Spread the manure 2 to
i ou migni want to consider growing a garden 4 inches deep ana mix in thoroughly as you
this year. It can be an enjoyable experience
for the entire family and producing your own
vegetables is very satisfying. Here is some
useful information on getting started.
When to Prepare the Soil: If the soil is
worked before it is dry enough it can become
hard and unproductive. There is a simple
way to judge a proper time to work your soil.
Take a handful of freshly dug soil, squeeze
gently, then release it. If it breaks apart
readily when dropped, it is ready to be worked.
How to Prepare the Soil: The soil should
be turned and broken up into small pieces to
a depth of about 8 inches. This can be done
with a plow, rototiller, shovel or a spading
fork, depending on the size of the garden and
how much exercise you want to get. If you
are going to add manure, compost, peat moss
or other organic material, do it before the soil
is turned and worked. The organic matter
will then be more uniformly mixed with the
soil.
When To Fertilize: Most fertilizer are
applied just before planting. When manure is
used, spread it on the garden before working
the soil. General garden fertilizers should be
used j ust prior to seeding or setting out plants.
Soluble fertilizers, quickly available to the
plants, should be used after plants are up if
growth is unsatisfactory.
How To Apply Fertilizer: Complete
fertilizers such as manures can be spread all
over the garden surface and working into the
soil. Fertilizer can also be placed. Placement
before planting is done by making a trench
beside the row where plants will go or seed
will be planted. Starter fertilizer can be mixed
with water and poured along the rows. For
this type of application, add a rounded
tablespoon of the fertilizer to a gallon of
water and use a cupful per plant or a cupful
for each 6 inches of a row.
What To Use and How Much: Barnyard
manure is a good general fertilizer and soil
conditioner. Annual applications help
improve soil texture and maintain fertility as
well as improve the water holding ability of
work the soil. Rabbit and chicken manure
can be used at one half this amount but
should be avoided when fresh.
Complete garden fertilizers sold in stores
are plainly marked with percent of available
nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. Some
common products have formulas 8-24-8, 10-16-8;
10-10-10 and 16-20-0. A large handful
can be used for each 3 to 4 feet of row, placed
3 inches down and 2 inches out from the row.
For broadcast application, use 10 pounds of
fertilizer for 1,000 square feet of soil.
Fertilizer can be helpful in producing
large, healthy plant but be careful not to get
carried away. Poor growth of plants in home
gardens is more often the result of inadequate
water (or too much water) than a lack of
fertilizer. Whether you are an old pro or a
brand new gardener stop in at the Extension
Office or call 553-3238. We have information
that can help you get started or help you
along.
Enjoy your garden!
Be a leader: Be a part of the solution
If you would like to start a 4-H club, you
are more than welcome to. Our office can
give you information on how to organize a 4
H club. If you want to start a beading club,
you can! Or a cooking club! Any kind of club
can be started and there can be more than one
club of the same kind. We have ample
information in the 4-H office on different
Clover Speaks
We are getting ready for Tri-County 4-H
Camp Counselor Training in Warm Springs.
This years training is going to be quite a
learning experience for counselors.
We are going to Camp Tamarack located
near Sisters, OR. To be eligible for 4-H
Camp Counselor Training, you need to have
completed the 9th grade by the time camp
starts. You need to mail your application to
the Deschutes County Extension Office by
APRIL 8, 1994. There is also a fee to help
covermeals of $20. Camp Counselor Training
weekend is April 22-24 th and you must attend
this weekend to be considered for a counselor
position at Crystal Springs 4-H Tri-County
Camp. The theme this year is Dinosaurs and
the name of the camp is 4-H A-Soar-Us.
During May there will be additional
training that will cover specific topics such
as Leadership Skills, Homesickness, Conflict
Management, Learning About Yourself,
types of clubs that would interest you. You
are welcome to stop by and look at the
information we have. A club can meet
anywhere, your home or the 4-H center or
any place that will allow you to hold meetings.
So now is the time to take that step!
Become involved in your community, help
Warm Springs youth be all that they can be! !
Be a part of the solution!
ORMONSTATI UMVERSTTY
(TENSION
service
Information provided by:
OSU Extension
at Warm Springs
1110 Wasco Street
553-3238.
QSU Extension Staff;
Arlene Boileau 4-H & Youth
Bob Pawelek Livestock
Norma Simpson Home Economics
Carol Stevens 4-H
Crystal Wlnlshut 4-H Assistant
Tim Wojtusik Agriculture
Clint Jacks Staff Chair, Madras
The above individuals are devoted to extending research-based information from
Oregon State University to the people of Warm Springs in Agriculture, Home Economics,
4-H Youth, Forestry, Community Development, Energy and Extension Sea Grant
programs. Oregon State University, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson
County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Extension
Service offers its programs and materials equally to all people.
EDUCATION THAT WORKS FOR YOU
Developmental Stages of Pre-adolescents.
We hope to see you there!
Have any questions you need answered??
Give us a call at 553-3238 or stop by OSU
Extension Office. You know who to ask for.
Rainbow Dancer Information
Rainbow Dancers are continuing to meet
once a month. Sometimes we have short
notice of meetings, however we will always
inform members as soon as possible. Thank
you for your understanding.
If you are interested in learning the old
dances, you can stop by the OSU Extension
Office and pick up a health form. You will be
working with a caring group of people and
Verbena Greene. If you have any questions,
E lease give us a call at 553-3238. We would
e more than glad to answer your questions.
You can ask for Crystal Winishut. It is not to
late to sign up for the Rainbow Dancers.
Extensive 4-H resource library available at OSU
Don't fall for telephone fraud
During the Managing Your Income class,
several participants mentioned having their
telephone cut off for non-payment. Well, it
could be a tempting way to get back on the
line. But don't be a sucker for this fraud
which was announced in February by the
Office of the Attorney General of Oregon.
The Payroll Advance Services, Inc. had
its assets frozen because of a lawsuit alleged
the company was defrauding customers in a
"telephone restoral business". It works like
this. Payroll Advance Services does business
in Oregon as Dial-Tone Corporation, a billing
agent for Duvalls. A father and 3 sons obtain
telephone service for customers who have
experienced credit difficulties with their local
telephone. Each of the Duvalls buy phone
service in his own name through US West
and then resells it at a higher rate to the
customer. In theory this gives the customer
access to telephone service without having to
meet the credit guidelines established by US
West.
The catch is that the Duvalls asked
customers for Cash in Advance but the lawsuit
alleges that the defendants did not pay the
bills.
In January and February some 180
customers were disconnected without notice.
The lawsuits seeks restitution for
customers plus hefty fines and seek to
permanently to prohibit the defendants and
their companies from doing .business. in
Oregon.
Global awareness does relate to Warm Springs
by Norma L. Simpson
When you think of international events, like
the International Year of the Family, it prompts
me to think of the difference between countries
in several ways. Fortunately, Debbie Driscoll,
OSU Extension Home Economists of Coquille,
OR made it easier for me to think back to a few
special countries where I worked or traveled in
during the past 15 years.
One difference would be the life expectancy
for children born in 1 990. Another is the Adult
Literacy Rate in 1985. And another is the
density or numbers of people who live in a
square mile. Driscoll's list includes 173
countries but for our Global Awareness in this
article, we will look at only 25 countries.
Education makes a lot of difference in the
wealth that a family can generate. But too many
children for the square miles, make it hard to
produce enough food, and that shortens the life
expectancy for each child.
Source for labor costs: Werner
International, 1989
Costa Rica's high literacy rate reflects the
policy "the Country's Army teachers without
guns." Without money spent on weapons, the
money can go into schools and books and
opportunities for the kids to learn. This
democracy put the emphasis on people not
control through dictatorship and tear as has
happened in many other countries.
Papua New Guinea, where I worked just
before I came to Warm Springs has made
dynamic progress since it's independence in
1973. But other aspects the strong family ties
of PapuaNew Guinean life have been damaged
by the introduction of beer which they never
drank before. It will take generations to control
the effects of beer, while a few people make
millions from the profits.
The birthrate in Africa is 45 births per 1000
population, compared to 27 births for the worlds
population. Part of the population growth has
come about when nursing mothers stayed with
their husbands rather than moving back to their
family for three years that most women usually
breast-fed their infants. With little birth
control.m the women have another child nearly
every year.
In the column on the right, People Density
for square mile, I have made bold the five
countries with the greatest number of people
per square mile. Two countries, Japan and
Germany are developed countries, with high
levels of education. That has made it possible
for their people to generated high incomes and
to be able to buy food and other things from
other countries. The other three countries have
high numbers who live in extreme poverty,
where food is scarce and so is education.
What is the relationship to Warm Springs?
In a previous workshop at Kahneeta, we learned
that the population growth in Warm Springs is
very high. That means it is very important to
have a high level of education to generate
income to provide the things that tribal members
would like to have. We all need to work to keep
the teenagers in school, and in fact planning for
a bright future.
Finally the latest issue of Oregon Health
Trends, from the Center for Health Statistics
show a stanly median age of death of females
in the state. Startly because of the gap between
the non-hispanic white and the American Indian
(non-hispanic), 79 years compared to 6 1 5 years.
What can be done to help tribal members to life
a longer and happier life?
The 4-H program has put together a group
of books and videos for 4-H leaders and for
the community to use. Listed below are the
titles. Here is a great chance to gain
information given at seminars around the
country right here in Warm Springs! You do
not have to travel anywhere to get it
However, you really have to want to learn
and you will need to set aside TIME to watch
the video or listen to the tape or read the
book. Just think of the advantage you have to
be able to check out the material and use it at
home or in your car. Anywhere you go.
Our most recent addition to the 4-H
Resource Library is from Rockhurt College
of Continuing Education and the materials
are wonderful. Please feel free to come and
explore the 4-H Resource Library. Our office
hours are 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. If you need
to come after 5:00 p.m. Please feel free to
give us a call at 553-3238 and ask for Carol
Stevens. She will be glad to meet you after
5:00 p.m.
Here is a list of the current titles:
Assertiveness-The Right Choice-This
includes audiocassettes covering such
subjects as Assertive Communication with
Co-Workers, Assertively Confronting
Aggressive People, Resolving Conflict
Through Assertiveness, and What is
Assertiveness?This4 tape series also includes
a workbook.
Life Planning-Find honest answers to
critical questions about your health, wealth,
love and success to improve your life. Find
answers to important life questions
concerning your career, companionship and
wealth.
How To Manage Project, Priorities &
Deadlines-Thc Art of Getting It Done-this
set includes 8 audiocassette and workbook to
help you get the full benefit of the tapes.
The Stress Management Handbook-A
practical guide to reducing stress in every
aspect of your life. This handbook will help
you recognize the warning signals of stress
induced burnout. Discover effective
relaxation techniques and minimize needless
worry and anxiety.
Change: Coping with Tomorrow Today
Techniques for success in the "21 Century".
An action plan to prepare you for tomorrow
today. 5 steps to conquer change.
Listen Up: Hear What's Really Being
Said-Understand the whole message not just
the words. Reduce conflict and increase
understanding. Make others want to listen to
you.
How To Manage Your Boss-Gel your boss
to see you as a start performer. Earn raises
and promotions without asking and reduce
stress and enjoy your job more.
Volunteer Recruiting &Retention-A great
resource covering Strategic Planning,
Program Planning, Recruiting, Training,
Motivation and much more. -...
The Great Trainer's Guide-This guide will
help you train (almost) anyone to do (almost)
anything.
Training Techniques In Brief-This is a
guide to teaching methods for the Non-Professional.
The Effective Management of Volunteer
Programs-A practical guide to share the basic
philosophy about people and how to treat
them in a way that encourages growth and
self-renewal in individuals and organizations.
Survival SkillsforManagers-A basic guide
to what you needed to know that no one ever
taught you.
Building the Short-Term Volunteer
Program-A guide to Episodic Volunteering.
How To Take Care ofYou..So You Can
Take Care Of Others-A survival guide for
volunteers and Human Service Workers.
You Can Make A Difference-Helping
others and yourself through volunteering.
The Volunteer's Survival Manual-The
only practical guide to giving your time and
money.
Creative Experience for Children-This is
an activity guide for caretakers of children 1
5 years of age.
We have Videos on 4-H that you can
check out. The series is called "Letters to
New Leaders". These tapes can be helpful to
leaders that have been with the program for
more than a year too. There is always
something more you can learn and share with
your clubproject members. There are some
opportunities in video 6 for leaders you may
not have seen before, so feel free to come by
6 check them out! Video 1 -covers What is 4
H; Video 2-S tarting a ClubProject; Video 3
Planning and Conducting Meetings; Video
4-Leadership Techniques; Video 5-Member
Opportunities; Video 6-Leader
Opportunities.
Is it entomophobia or delusory parasitosis?
Say, what!?
I get about half dozen cases every year of
people suffering from one or both of these
afflictions. So obviously they are not as
common as the flu, but I'll bet they are more
common than we think. While these are,
technically, medical problems, entomologists
often are called to investigate because they
involve insects and mites, at least initially.
What follows is an entomologist's viewpoint,
a physician might have other opinions.
Entomophobia (entomoinsect phobia
an irrational fear) is the irrational fear or
dread of insects andor related arthropods
(spiders, ticks, mites, etc.). The irrational
part is important because almost everyone is
more or less afraid of some insects and spiders.
Even entomologist avoid direct contact with
certain of our six and eight-legged friends
(trust me, I know this for sure). The fear
becomes irrational when it is so intense that
it interferes with normal everyday normal
life, preventing the victim from engaging in
some regular activity. It may be associated
with a hysterical reaction at the sight of the
feared arthropod. Often, people suffering
from entomophobia can be treated by
desensitizing therapy much like what would
be used to treat other types of phobias.
Delusory Parasitosis may be associated
with entomophobia and is very often confused
with it, even by the medical community.
Delusory parasitosis is an emotional disorder
in which the victim is convinced that tiny,
sometimes invisible insects or mites have
infested their body andor dwelling, when no
real infestation exists. The disorder is
characterized by the extreme measures that
the victim goes to in order to rid their
surroundings, or themselves, of the imagined
infestation. They will engage in excessive
use of pesticides or strong cleaning agents,
self medication with inappropriate drugs,
frequent and unproductive visits to physicians
and distrust of the medical and scientific
community. These actions can, by
themselves, be dangerous. Delusory
parasitosis is a serious, sometimes life
threatening condition.
In both cases, entomophobia and delusory
parasitosis, the victim must seek medical or
psychiatric attention. Unfortunately, too,
often the medical community misreads
delusory parasitosis as an allergy, or other
treatable physical ailment and delays a
recommendation for psychiatric evaluation.
Entomophobia is more treatable. People
suffering from entomophobia (the fear of
arthropods) usually recognize their condition
and have learned in some fashion to deal with
it (sometimes with appropriate therapy).
Delusory parasitosis, however, is
characterized by persistent denial and a focus
on "finding the bug". It can be extremely
difficult to convince the person that they
should abandon the hunt and seek help
elsewhere.
Actual Infestations.
We must not overlook the possibility that
an actual infestation exists. The human
scabies mite (see Vol.. 2 No. 6) burrows
beneath the outer layer of skin leaving crusted
bumps and intense itching and felling of
"being infested". Other mites, often
associated with birds or rodents, may bite
humans if contact is made. Mysterious mite
infestations should be investigated, looking
for bird or rodent nest in association with
human activity. These mites are relatively
large and visible to the unaided eye. Head
and body lice (see Vol 1 No. 6) cause itching
and discomfort and a "lousy" feeling. Fleas
also can cause "mysterious" bites ( Vol 1 . No.
3), especially around the ankles. There are
others, as well. The point is we should explore
the real first, before suspecting the imaginary.
Be sure to read and follow the pesticide
product label. The label is the the final word
on what does or does not constitute a legal
and safe application.
Stockman's Roundup: What's the best way to select a herd?-
fx 4
' .I' I A
bod Paweiek
OSU Extension Agent
Livestock and Range
We cowboys and ranchers consider
ourselves to be experts in a lot of different
fields. On of them is football Especially
Texas ranchers. We attend Texas A & M
games every year and watch the hicks from
Missouri come down and demolish our spirits
as well as our football team. There are a lot of
fanners in the stands too. You can spot the
fanners in the stands real easy. They're the
ones wearing the "gimme" caps from the
Case IH dealership and constantly yelling
advice to the coach. The morning after the
game at the coffee shop, we all have lots of
advice as to what the Aggies should have
done on third down and whether they should
have punted or passed. But you know, I got to
thinking, farmers and ranchers would really
make lousy football coaches.
Now I'm going to draw a few parallels on
how it would work if a rancher coached a
football team the way he manages his cow
herd. Imagine if you will, a rancher football
coach and certain players don't show up for
practice. He saysThat's alright Billy. You
don't need to show up for practice because
you're a good guy and I'll give you another
chance." Players whodon'teven show up for
games, the fanner coach would say, "Oh
that's alright that you didn't show up for the
game. Maybe you'll show up for the game
next time.
Now that's really the kind of excuses
ranchers make about their cows that don't
have calves; so I assume that if they were
coaches, they would make similar excuses
for the players who don't show up.
Let's figure up how we ranchers would
select our team members. The first thing we
would do is select them by visual appearance.
We would line up our squad. We'd walk out
and say, "Hey, you look like a guard, so you
play guard. You look like a tackle; you're
wide in the hips and shoulders, and obviously
function follows form, so you play tackle.
Oh, here's a long-legged tall one that has lots
of frame-we know that long-legged tall ones
run fast and catch passes. So you can be the
tight end." Here comes the important part
where we select the quarterback for the team.
Now keep in mind that the quarterback for a
football team is somewhat similar to the
bulls we used in the herd, so let's select a
quarterback the same way we select our
bulls. We would say, "Son, you're going to
be the quarterback because your mother was
an Olympic swimmer, your dad played for
the Boston Red Sox, and your grandmother
won the pickled beets competition at the
Crook County Fair four years in a row.
Therefore, you have a wonderful pedigree to
be a quarterback. You have slim hips, wide
hands, and a square jutting jaw, therefore,
you are a quarterback."
You will probably agree, you wouldn't
have much of a football team if this was the
way you selected the players. Yet, in a sense,
isn't this really the way we are running our
cowherd? Not pregnancy checking cows,
letting them run around all year long dropping
calves all over the place so they can calve
when they want to and not have a breeding
season. When it comes to selecting cattle for
reproductive traits, we throw research out
the window and buy cows that are socially
acceptable. After all, what would the
neighbor's cows think if you bred your Polled
Herfords to a Shorthorn bull? Because we all
have a tendency to accentuate our own biases,
as well as to run our herd the way Grandpa
did, we'll continue to select our cowherd the
same way we would put together a football
team.
Who knows, maybe Jimmy Johnson will
quit coaching the Cowboys and get into
ranching.
Handling stress a family affair
If there's one thing you can always count
on, its change. And change brings stress
which can be either good or bad. If there is
not too much change at once and if you cope
with the change, the stress helps you move
from square one and do new things. But
stress becomes a problem when too many
things change too quickly and you don't have
time to adjust. The suggestions offered for
April are some of the ways your family can
cope with stress.
Suggested Family Activities For April:
1. Walk briskly several blocks away from
home. Turn around and walk just as briskly
back home.
2. Talk of pleasant things while walking:
fun times you've had in the past, gifts given
and received, hopes fulfilled, friends you'd
like to see, funny incidents you can laugh at
without hurting anyone's feelings.
3. Use the lower weekend rate and phone
somebody long-distance. Let everyone take
turns talking.
4. Rent a comedy video. Watch it as a
family and give a prize to the person whose
laughter makes everyone else laugh harder. ,
5. Buy a greeting card for someone you
haven't heard from in two or three years. Let
everyone write a note on the card, and mail it.