Image provided by: The Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs; Warm Springs, OR
About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 17, 1993)
SPILYAY TYMOO Warm Springs, Oregon September 17, 1993 PACK 7 Permanent pasture establishment aids in beef production Permanent pasture is a good management tool for owners of small acreage's. Properly managed im proved pasture can produce 600-800 EJunds of beef per acre per year, ecf gains of 2 pounds per day are not uncommon for a period of 4 months. However, before making deci sions regarding improving your pas ture, here are some factors to con sider 1. Establishment costs will run about $100 per acre. These include machine costs, labor, seed, fertilizer, water application costs (sprinklers, etc.), taxes and interest. 2. Operating costs on established pasture can also run close to $ 1 00 per acre. Some of the operating costs arc fertilizer, irrigation and fence main tenance. 3. Grazing season is about four months long. Cost per animal unit per month at approximately 4.5 AUM rate is about SI 2. Cost in cash per AUM, if you don't charge your own labor, will be about $6. 4. Unless stocking rate is varied, mowing will be necessary following the rapid growing period in June on a part of the pasture. Seeding practices Pastures arc usually seeded in late April or the first ten days of August. Seed should be placed in a firm, fertile seedbed. Sprinkler irrigation is very helpful for good establish ment. Mixtures and varieties Orchard grass, Timothy, and tall fescuscs have proven to be best in Subscription to Search If you would like to receive a and Rescue Cadet Newsletter, for mail it to, or send the following information to: VS 4-H Search & Rescue Cadet Program POB 4291227Avex Road Warm Springs, OR 97761 or you can drop it off at the Warm Wasco Street. Please include 56.00, Name: I I Mailing Address: City: L- A special thanks to all the people who helped me with my bee sting at the Huckleberry Feast By Norma L. Simpson The police officers who called the ambulance officer on his way HeHe; the ambulance officer who checked to be sure I was not allergic to stings; the Natural Resources man who gave me some Tylenol; concession stands who gave me ice to reduce the swell ing; and concerned friends who checked to be sure I was okay. Why was all of this attention im portant for just a small sting? Well, I'm taking prednisone for rheumatoid arthritis. This cortisone medicine makes your skin thinner and other bites that I've had lately have been terrible. Mosquito and spider bites have blistered and taken forever to heal. Since I know that many people at Warm Springs have RA, I thought you could learn from my experience. Remove the stinger if it is embed ded I haven't had a bee sting since I was a child, thanks to God, so I did not know if I have allergic reactions to stings. According to the National Safety Council First Aid and CPR manual, which the Extension Staff received during training session with Fireman Bob and EMT Tom, we learned to scrape the stinger out with fingernail, or back of a pocket knife. Don't squeeze the stinger, as a pouch of poison is attached to it. Scraping Stockman's Roundup: Management of the working cow horse By Bob Pawelek OSU Extension Agent Livestock and Range In the beef industry, the role of the cow horse is one built on tradition. This important role is still obvious today, easily recognized by the large numbers of ranch horse sales, cattle rides here on the Warm Springs Res ervation and throughout the eastern side of the Cascades, and of course, rodeos. A good cow horse has to be ready to use on a moment's notice, and the beef industry requires a well-broke horse that is sound, able to handle the work, easy to maintain and free of problems that prevent the horse from being used. To effectively keep and use horses on any cattle operation, there are some important manage ment areas that must be given atten tion. Horses must be 1.) fed correctly. Central Oregon. Paiutc Orchard grass is good as well as the Fawn variety of fescue. Orchard grasses arc more palatable than the tall fescuscs, how ever, fescuscs start growth earlier in the spring and continue later in the fall than orchard grass. If the pasture is primarily for horses, Fawn fescue is the best choice. Seeding rates With good seedbed preparation, use l4-15pounds grass seed pcracrc. Add one pound clover or alfalfa to the mixture per acre. Drill the seed, or broadcast and harrow in each di rection. Keep soil moist until plants emerge. Fertilizer Pastures need nitrogen, phospho- Livestock Agent By Dob Pawelek When I hired on with this OSU outfit there wasn't anything in my job description that said that I had to take calls on how to sew or cook. Maybe that goes under, "Other du ties as assigned." So, since Norma Simpson is at home recovering from her recent illness, I'd thought I'd help out as best I could. The following is one of my favor ite recipes: Elephant Stew one elephant seasoned brown gravy two rabbits (optional) Cut elephant into bite size pieces, this should take about two months. Cover with brown gravy, and cook & Rescue newsletter I copy of the Warm Springs 4-H Search $6.00 per yean clip out this coupon and I I I I I Springs 4-H Extension office at 1 1 1 0 for expenses. Thank you. Slate: .Zip: away usually takes the stinger and pouch of poison away at the same time. Squeezing will break the pouch and give you more pain. Keep part lower than the heart If your hand is stung, as it was in my case, no problem. Keep the hand quite, below the heart and put ice on it. If you have a sting on the face, lay down and put your head lower than your heart. Seek medical attention immedi ately If you have instant swelling that seems abnormal, or you have any trouble breathing, get to a medical person as soon as possible. The Warm Springs EMTs have insect kits that will erase the effects of the poison. Injections that they give to you will open the air passages in your lungs. The air passages "constrict" or close up so that you fight for oxygen for your body. If a person has bluish or grayish skin (called cyanosis), or sei zures, unconsciousness, or swelling of the vocal cords, these are life threatening reactions. Many people die each year from these severe cases of bee stings. If you know you have allergic reactions wear a medical alert brace let and be prepared with self-treatment kits. 2.) conditioned to handle the work load, 3.) sound and properly shod or trimmed (preferably shod for work on the biscuit-scab lands) and 4.) on a good herd health program, as out lined recently in this column. Working cow horses will require between 25 percent and 100 percent more energy than a non-working horse. These energy requirements can usually be met by providing grazing or hay, along with a concentrate feed. The amount of daily feed depends on the size of the horse, the amount of work being done and the energy in the feed. Total daily intake of forage and grain combined will usually range from 1 .5 percent to 2.5 percent of the horse's body weight ( 15 to 25 pounds for 1,000 pound horse). At least 7.5 pounds of this daily feed should be grazing or top quality hay. When the daily grain intake is over 0.5 percent of body weight (5 pounds for a 1,000 pound horse), horses should be fed in two separate feedings about 12 hours apart Cow horse feeds should normally contain between 10 percent and 14 percent crude protein, and urea should not be used as a nitrogen source. Horses apparently can tolerate urea at about the same levels as cattle, but urea serves very little benefit for horses and is best left out of the diet Although some cattle feeds can be fed safely to horses, be careful and rus, potash and suiiur. ocncrany, potasn is sufficient over most of the Warm Springs Reservation, and needs arc determined by soil tests. Good pastures will use 120-160 pounds actual nitrogen and 80-100 pounds sulfur each year. This is best applied in two applications, half in early spring and the second in mid June. Irrigation Frequency of irrigation is deter mined by how sandy the soil is and how often water is available. Sprin kler systems can stretch the water supply and enable more accurate placement of available water. If land is reasonably level and grass is well established, surface flooding is practical. A II . Helps Out with Home Ec Chores over kerosene fire at 456 degrees for four weeks. This will serve 3800 people. If Clover Speaks September is here once again and that brings everyone home to begin a new school year and new 4-H year. I lave you thought about ways you would like to be involved with your child or nephew and nieces during the school year? How can a parent have a positive relationship with their child? Docs this sound like dialogue be tween you and your child Monday through Friday? It's time to wake up. Get dressed for school wash your face, come cat breakfast. Did you sleep well? Brush your teeth, hurry up and catch the school bus. Later after school and work, your family returns home to begin evening tasks such as doing homework, cooking dinner, feeding the animals and preparing for the next day, maybe you have time to view a movie or watch a favorite sitcom. But wait, up to this point we've done quite a bit of maintenance parenting, which is asking your child to cat, get dressed, do your home work, etc.. .then you sat down and watched a TV program. The interac tion up to this point is minimal. Maintenance parenting is an impor tant part of parenting but there is more. There is a way you can have fun with your child and teach your child important life skills at the same time. Plant and soil Winter cover crop helps garden soil Cover crops planted in late sum mer are an inexpensive way to build better soil for gardening. Mike Bauer from the Deschutes County Exten sion Office has some helpful infor mation on garden cover crops. Cover crops reduce compaction and erosion of garden soil, add or ganic matter, and improve soil struc ture. On the reservation, most of our annual precipitation comes in the form of rain and snow between the months of September and March. A cool weather tolerant grass or le gume crop "catches" and uses nutri ents such as nitrogen that winter moisture sometimes leaches away. When the cover crop is plowed under in the spring, these nutrients are re turned to the soil, ready for your crop of vegetables. There are many cover crops from which to choose, the most popular being Austrian field peas (alsocalled winter peas) and winter rye (also known as grain rye, not ryegrass). It is recommended to sow a mixture of winter peas and rye at a rate of 1 pound per 1000 square feet of each kind of seed. Cover crops grow best if the plant remains from the previ avoid such feeds as Rumensin or Bovatec. When a particular horse is in very thin condition or when a horse is working extremely hard, the use of fat-supplemented diets might prove beneficial. Adding up to 10 percent added fat makes the diet more energy dense and provides a good fuel source. However, remember, when ever one makes additions to diets, such additions should be gradual. Horses need a few weeks to adjust to supplemental fat as a source of en ergy. Body condition and fitness are important. Cow horses that are thin will give out more quickly than those in moderate condition. And, horses carrying excessive body fat may have a harder time regulating body tem perature. The best conditioning pro gram is one that gets the horse in moderate condition and allows plenty of time and exercise for fitness prior to actual work. Exercise should be similar to the kind of work a cow horse does, and increasing workloads should happen gradually. Bone will rework itself in response to exercise, but little skel etal strength will be achieved by a horse that receives exercise only when grazing or walking around in a corral. On days when horses are not worked, free exercise can help de crease the chances of azoturia or "Monday morning sickness," as I have heard it described. Management There will be a flush of growth in June. It is best to mow a portion of the pasture for hay if you cannot vary the stocking rate to utilize the flush. More production of grass can be ob tained by dividing the pasture and establishing a grazing rotation. Graze the grass to a two inch level then rotate animals to another pasture and allow the grass to then grow to a days) and return the animals to pasture. Each pasture is different Nosinglc recommendation fits any two pas tures the same. Your goals and ob jectives will have the most to do with what's best for your pasture and your situation. more are expected, add two rabbits. Do litis only if necessary, as most people don't like hare in their stew. Theresa Dzulk There is a way you can build a good relationship with your child. Wouldn't it be great to have some fun with your child while you were helping them to learn life skills in a positive and productive way? Can you think of a better way to teach your child responsibility, build self-esteem and add to a list of com pleted projects than to lead a 4-H cooking club or how about computer project Children and parents can learn about geology, gardening, state gov ernment, consumer education, food preservation, career exploration, cultural heritage, cattle, swine, dogs...the list is endless. There are far too many topics to list them all. We have leader guides and mem ber guides that can help you to lead a successful 4-H project Not only will you be helping your child to grow and learn, you will hclpothcr children in the community to grow and learn too. Pick a topic you would like to learn about or increase your knowl edge in and come to the OSU Exten sion office. The 4-H staff is willing to provide the information you need. Our children change and grow daily. We can never recapture yes terday, but we can make today and tomorrow better. Now is the time to build your relationship with your notes ous year's garden are plowed under or removed. However, grass seeds may be scattered over the partially harvested garden and produce a cover crop without working the soil. Here at Warm Springs early to middle October would be the best time to plant a cover crop. After everything has been harvested re move the old vegetable plants and compost them. This is also a good time to add manure to your garden. Till the manure into the soil, plant the rye and winter peas and water. The condition of your garden soil will be greatly improved when it is time to plant next spring. Good luck and if you have any questions or comments please get in touch (553-3238). Plant sprlng-flowerlng bulbs In late summer or fall If you want colorful landscape flowers next spring you can plant daffodils, tulips, crocus and other spring-flowering bulbs in late sum mer and early fall. The bulbs will overwinter in the soil and bloom next year. OSU Extension home garden ing agent Ray McNeilan has some helpful information. When buying flower bulbs it is important to feel them in order to determine their quality. Healthy bulbs Cow horses are often ridden on a variety of terrain, especially here at Warm Springs, and special attention should be given to hoof care. Horses that are shod usually should be reset every four to eight weeks and a knowledgeable farrier can help keep the horse's feet in shape for the work being done. Owners should keep in mind that it often takes two or more shoeings to regain a uniform, bal anced hoof after a horse has been turned out without shoes for a period of time. Moisture balance is also important to prevent a dry, cracked hoof or an excessively wet, thrushy type hoof. Pick up the feet regularly to catch any hoof changes before a problem occurs. The teeth of a cow horse are im portant because they obviously im pact how well a horse eats and wears a bit. Horses that hold their heads sideways while eating or that slobber large amounts of feed may need to have their teeth floated. And some horse will have wolf teeth located just in front of the molars that inter fere with bit placement and affect the horse's response to rein pressure while being ridden. A healthy cow horse that is being fed well, is in adequate body flesh and has been conditioned for the level of work required, will be an asset to the cattle operation. These horses will be more enjoyable to ride and more effective in serving their pur pose in the cattle industry. EXTENSION SERVICE QSU Extension Staff; Arleno Bolleau 4-H & Youth Bob Pawelek Livestock Norma Simpson....... Home Economics Carol Stevens .................4-H Crystal Wlnlshut 4-H Assistant Tim Wojtuslk Agriculture Clint Jacks. Staff Chair, Madras Tha above Individuals ar davotad to extending research-based Infor mation from Oregon State University to the people of Warm Springs in Agriculture, Home Economics, 4-H Youth. Forestry, Community Devel opment, Energy and Extension Sea Grant programs. Oregon State University, United States Department of Agriculture, Jefferson County and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs cooperating. The Exten sion Service offers its programs and materials equally to all people. EDUCATION THAT WORKS FOR YOU child into a positive and productive one. 4-H is one way to help you accomplish not only a positive fun relationship with your child but also a way to teach your child responsi bility, self confidence, ability to lis ten and follow directions, coopera tion, values, completing projects, learn from mistakes and be able to use that information in the future, the ability to speak in front of an audi ence. Some Warm Springs4-H'crs were recently heard to say, "I love 4-H because I can leam how to do things like bcadwork, and cooking. I like to get to know other kids." "1 like 4-H cause me and my mom have gotten closer." "4-H has helped me to learn to speak up and join in without being shy." 4-H has information for your use on matters of work, home and play. All you need to do is come to the office and get it Arlcne Boilcau, Crystal Winishut or Carol Stevens will be glad to assist you. Give them a jingle at 553-3238 or stop by the office at 1 1 10 Wasco Street Rainbow Dancers Rainbow dancers have been working hard for the State Fair. Thank you Verbena Greene and Bcmice Mitchell for all your teaching with are firm. Softness indicates dead tis sues and a flower bud inside the bulb that may be barely alive. If planting will be delayed, store the bulbs in a dry area at a tempera ture below 65 degrees. High tem peratures damage the flower buds. Flower bulbs can be planted as late as December but the earlier you Elant the better chance spring bulbs ave of blooming on time in the spring. The bulbs should be planted in well drained, sandy soil where they will gctas much sunlight as possible. Plantlhcm in clusters leaving a space of four or five inches between bulbs. Before planting, work the soil to a Natural Resources Youth Club seeking volunteer leaders Trying to find something enjoyable to do with your spare time? You might want to consider helping out with a Natural Resources Youth Club. All you need is a little time to spare and an interest in helping our community's young people learn about the world around them. You could make a big difference. Interested or curious people should contact me at the Warm Springs OSU Extension Office. Tim Wojtuslk, 553-3238. Salmon recipes offered Scalloped salmon 1 pint canned salmon 4 medium potatoes thinly sliced 12 cup chopped onion 13 cup chopped green pepper 1 can cream of mushroom soup 2 Tbs. flour 34 cup milk 14 tsp. sweet basil salt and pepper to taste Mix soup, salt, pepper and liquid from can of salmon. Stir to mix. In buttered 2 quart casserole arrange layer of potatoes, onion and green peppers, salmon and another layer of potatoes, onions and green peppers. Pour over half the sauce. Add an other layer salmon and cover with remaining potatoes. Add remaining sauce. Cover and bake in preheated 350 F. oven 50 minutes. Remove Information provided bv: OSU Extension at Warm Springs 1110 Wasco Street 553-3233. the children and the volunteer help. You two ladies are very special la dies. This has been a great year for the 4-H Rainbow Dancers. Thanks to our secretary Danni Katchia for all the work that she has done pulling the packets together for the state fair, and Arlcne Boilcau and Carol Stevens for sticking with all the support and work. All the new dancer learned a lot and did their best in dancing and learning to respect their outfits. Have you looked for your favorite ' T-shirt or pair of jeans since 4-H Wilderness Enrichment Camp and could not find them? Well if that is the case you might want to stop by the 4-H office and look in the lost and found. We have a large box of clothes left over from camp. Please come and check it out. Something to live by: Watch your thoughts, They become your words. Watch your words, They become your actions. Watch your actions, They become your habits good or Watch your habits, They become your destiny. depth of 12 inches. Plant tulips six inches deep; crocus, two inches; daf fodils, seven inches; grape hyacinths, three inches; and hyacinths, four inches. Set bulbs firmly in the ground and press out any air pockets that de velop in the soil. Work in commer cial fertilizer (example: 5-10-5) or some seasoned manure then soak the flower bed to dissolve the fertilizer and settle the bulbs. If the weather cooperates your yard will be much more colorful come spring. Good luck with your gardening and please be in contact with any questions or comments that you may have (553-3238). cover and bake for 15 minutes longer. Serves 4. Simple seafood salad 1 pint canned salmon 1 cup chopped celery 13 cup mayonnaise dressing or plain yogurt 2 hard cooked eggs, chopped 2 Tbs. chopped sweet pickle salad greens Drain fish. Break into large pieces. Combine all ingredients except salad greens. Toss lightly chilled. Serve on salad greens. Makes 6 servings. Salmoncado buns 1 pint canned salmon 1 small avocado diced 12 cup chopped tomato 4 burger buns 2 Tbs. chopped onion 13 cup mayonnaise type dress ing salt and pepper to taste Drain and flake salmon. Combine with avocado, tomato, onion, salad dressing and salt and pepper. Spread on bottom half burger buns. Garnish with cherry tomato and watercress. Makes 4 bun servings. i