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About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (Oct. 2, 1992)
Spilyay Tymoo Warm Springs, Oregon October 2, 1992 PAGE 7 Paying attention is a skill that The ability to focus your attention where you want may seem simple to you. But paying attention is a skill, and like all skills, it must be learned. Many students cannot control their attention energies. If a child has not learned to pay attention, orders to "pay attention simply will not help. Instead of ordering or threatening, parents can help their children im prove their ability to concentrate by teaching them a few simple tech niqucs. The following arc three good methods to use in helping your chil dren improve their ability to pay at tention. 1) Using positive self-talk and positive images. Positive self-talk simply means using words or sentences to help control attention. Just as we can use words to give directions to others, we can use them to direct our own actions. Just what are f lave you noticed a lot of big. brown long-legged spiders around your home lately? Many a homeowner's first reaction upon sighting one of these critters is that it is one of the dreaded brown recluse spiders. "It is not," says Jack DcAngclis, Oregon state University (OSU) Exten sion entomologist. "The brown recluse spider docs not occur in Oregon, or anywhere else in the Pacific North west The big brown spiders, common at this time of year, are male giant Extension asks 4-H club leaders Dear students and parents, Welcome to a new 4-H year and a new school year. With the new 4-H year comes the need for many new 4-H 4-H! It's THE place to be this fall! n Successful garden depends on One of the first requirements for growing a successful garden is find ing good seed from plant varieties that nave been adapted to your area. Many companies provide such seed. When you calculate the value of the food you grow, you will find that high quality seed is a bargain. At some time, though, you may want to collect, store, and plant seed from your own garden rather than buy the seed. These facts describe how. COLLECTING SEEDS Don't save seeds from vegetables or flowers labeled "hybrid . Seeds from hybrid varieties produce a mixture of plant types, most of which are inferior to the parent. Many va rieties could be hybrids but may not be designated as such. The following sections describe how to save seeds for a variety of different plants. SEEDS EASILY SAVED Tomato 1) Save seed from the fully-ripe fruit of the desired tomato plant. 2) Squeeze the seeds onto a paper towel or a piece of screen. 3) Leave the seed at room tem perature until it is thoroughly dry. Pepper Select a mature pepper, preferably one turning red, and allow it to turn completely red before extracting the seed. Place seeds on a towel or a piece of screen until they are thor oughly dry. Eggplant, Husk Tomato, Ground Cherry, Garden Blackberry Separate seeds from the mature fruit and dry thoroughly at room temperature. Beans, Peas, Soybeans, and Other Legumes 1) Leave pods on the plant until they are "rattle dry." 2) Watch the pods carefully be cause some varieties split and scatter the seeds when they are dry. 3) Pick dried pods and place them in a well-ventilated area at room temperature. When the pods are completely dry, remove the seeds. 4) To control possible weevil in festation, place seeds in a freezer for 24 to 30 hours. Lettuce Lettuce seeds are more difficult to collect but you can save them. 1) Leave a plant or two to produce a seed stalk. 2) After the plant blooms and the flower forms a miniature "dandelion head," gather the seeds. 3) Separate the seeds from the chaff by rubbing them with your fingers. SEEDS DIFFICULT TO SAVE Vine Crops: Cucumber, Melons, Squash, and Pumpkins It doesn't usually pay to save these People also improve their atten tion span by controlling the images they see in their mind. Positive image of succeeding can serve the same furposc as self-talk. Positive images elp keep attention focused on a difficult task and they increase mo tivation to complete the task. When you are helping your chil dren learn to use positive self-talk and images, you can suggest that they tell themselves: "As I read this paragraph, I must think about what I must learn from it. I must find its central message. If I look away from the pace, I must be able to explain to myself the meaning of what I have just read." Sentences like these will help students pay attention to (heir homework. v 2) Asking questions about the work. Another way to direct the atten tion is to ask questions while study those creepy, European house spiders or male ag gressive house spiders, out scorching for females. "Normally both of these types of spiders arc pretty secretive, but during the mating season males tend to wan der into the open," says DcAngclis. "The giant European house spider is essentially harmless, although fright ening. However, the aggressive house spider con inflict a serious bite that often leads to an ulcerating, slow heal ing wound. "Care should be taken with any of for volunteer this fall leaders in a variety of project areas in our community. This year we need leaders for culture projects, livestock, clothing, foods, and Natural Resources. So please hclpsprcad the wordabout this need or contact us if you or someone you know is interested in helping youth in our community. Wcore always happy to talk with potential projects leaders. Hope to hear from you soon. Here's some 4-H statistics for the 1990-91 4-H year. 45,496 4-H members 20287 in project clubs 17,260 in school enrichment programs 7418 in special interest groups 8,852 4-H Leaders Our phone number is 553-3238 ask for Carol Stevens or Arlcne Boilcau 4 H program Extension Services. Thanks for your help! Carol Stevens, Arlene Doileau seeds. Without controlled pollina tion, these crops cross with other varieties and sometimes other types. Muskmelons do not cross with cu cumber, however. You can control pollination in your garden, but it requires careful atten tion. First you need to distinguish the difference between male and fe male flowers. Male blossoms are on a longer stalk and do not have a miniature fruitat the base asdo female blossoms. 1) With careful observation, note the blossoms that open the following day. They have a light yellow color and a distinct pointed tip. 2) In the evening, select male and female flowers on the same plant. With a paper clip for small flowers or a rubber band for larger flowers, prevent the flower from opening. Flowers only open early in the day. 3) In the morning, pluck the male blossom and touch the cluster of pollen (called anthers) to the center of the female flower (called the stigma). 4) Close the female flower again so bees can't get in. 5) Tag the blossom. 6) Grow the fruit to maturity for the desired seed. The fruit must be very ripe for seeds to germinate correctly. Cu cumbers must be entirely yellow, and squash and pumpkin must be thor oughly mature. Separate the seeds from the fruit flesh and dry them at room temperature. Biennials: Carrot, Beet, Onion, and Cabbage family Biennials are questionable for seed collection. It takes a lot of work to carry over the plant root from the first season to the second year when seed stalks form. Many members of the cabbage family intercross and can also cross with native wild cru cifers such as mustard, cress, radish, or turnip. Carrots cross with the prevalent wild carrot. Select desirable beet or carrot roots and keep them cool and moist perhaps buried outdoors in sand. In early spring, plant the roots in an uncrowded area of the garden because they grow very large. Keep onion bulbs cool and dry during winter, then plant them in early spring. After spring growth, seed heads form. When heads are quite dry, gather the mature, plump seed before it falls to the ground and complete the drying at room temperature. Flower Seeds You can save many flower seeds, though crossing some varieties can cause deterioration from the original over lime. Gather mature seed pods (stock must be learned ing. Some general questions you can iukccsi to vour children are: "What is this paragraph about? Who did what and why? What is the evidence that supports the central idea in the passage or paragraph? Is the argu ment true or false? Why? What is the principle presented in (he text? Asking themselves questions serves two purposes. First, it helps students bring their wandering at tention back to the task at hand. Sec ond, it helps them keep their atten tion on the task. 3) Setting specific study goals. One way that often improves at tention is to give your children spe cific goals to work toward as they study or read an assignment. Ask them to study a book or lesson until they have achieved the goal you gave them. The goal you set will depend, of course, on the lesson and on your child's age, You might want them to crawly, long-legged things? these spiders since it is nearly impos sible to tell them apart," he says. Coll your local county office of the OSU Extcasion Service for help with identi fication. Fathers continue to In today's society, men (and women) have more choices in how they parent choices ranging from being a traditional role model to be ing an egalitarian parent who shares the parenting tasks with their spouse. These choices present opportunities for husbands and wives to search for a parenting style and division of child care that arc suited in individual personality. Today men are taking a more ac tive father role beginning before their infants are bom. Researchers Hanson and Bozctt (1) in a review of studies about fatherhood report an increase in the number of fathers from all socioeconomic levels and ethnic groups who arc joining their wives in childbirth classes. These increased self-confidence, knowledge of preg nancy and birth, and knowledge of the father role. Men have increased the amount of lime they spend with thcirchildrcn, but women are still the primary caretakers. LAMB (2) states that mothers and fathers interact differ ently with their children, depending on how each views their parental role and whether the mother works out side the home. In general, mothers are the caretakers of the children while fathers spend more time play ing with the children. Mothers spend more one-on-one proper seed collection, selection, storage, germination and poppies) or seed clusters (zinnia, strawflower). Leave sunflower heads on the plant as long as birds don't bother them. When the top of the blossom separates from the seed, or birds start eating the seeds, cut the head and finish curing the seed in a warm, ventilated area. You can also eat seeds or use them as bird seed after the seeds dry. STORING SEEDS Keep seeds in a labeled container or envelope in a cool, dry place where Volunteers essential I he partnership ot volunteers working with Oregon State University specialists and agents make Extension what it is. Although it's the Extension Service mission to extend information from OSU to the people of Oregon, OSU couldn't give all the individuals and families the information they need each year without volunteers. An estimated 510 volunteers help with County Extension programs each year, giving about 7,600 hours. At the rate of $8 an hour, the donated time is Popcorn theme perfect for kids' party Looking for a birthday party idea sure to delight youngsters? A pop corn theme is just the answer. A pop corn fantasy cake, real enough to top with birthday candles, and pop corn ball clown favors for each guest to take home and eat, are novel and attractive yet easy and inexpensive to make. Fantasy Cake 1 cup butter 1 package (1 lb) marshmallows 3 qts. popped Jolly Time Pop Corn 1 cup peanuts 1 cup M & M s chocolate candies 1 cup gum drops In a large saucepan, melt butter and marshmallows together over low heat. In a large, deep bowl, mix all other ingredients; add the butter marshmallow mixture and stir well. Pack in well-greased tube pan. Cool in refrigerator. Remove from pan. Cut into wedges at serving time. Pop Corn Ball Clowns 1 cup butter 1 package (1 lb) marshmallows 2 cup popped Jolly Time Pop Corn for each clown pointed Ice Cream cones (one for each clown) large gum drops M & M's chocolate candies 8 paper doilies (one for each clown) Styrofoam cups (one for each clown) i by youth study until they can tell you the main point of the paragraph, until they can solve a specific math problem, or until they learn the specific names, dates, and places mentioned in the text. Discuss each goal with your children. Then together set reasonable goals, remember that many small goals, presented one after another, are better than a single large one. Successful students accept responsibility for own education Successful students are motivated students who accept some responsi bility for their own learning and who understands that success comes from their own efforts. They are the ones who do their best in school. They have the ability to pay attention and concentrate on school-related tasks. They can ignore or reduce distrac tions in the environment or from their own thoughts that would in "For con trot of these and other spi ders, household insect sprays are ef fective," says Gary Parsons, OSU Ex tension entomologist "A vacuum cleaner is one alternative to chemical rnnfml " serve as role models lime with their children and assume nearly all responsibility for such things as what the child wears and doctor appointments. In dual career homes, fathers have greatly increased the time they are available to their children for help in homework or play. During the childhood years (ages 6-1 2) fathers serve as role models for their sons and daughters, much as their own fathers did for them years before. According to Hanson and Bozctt (1) fathers spend more time with sons than with daughters. Little research exists concerning father interactions with their adoles cent children. Mothers continue to be the primary caretakers of children. In all homes, fathers are increasing their one-on-one time as well as spending lots of play lime with their young children. As mothers work outside the home, fathers are helping with their children more. Sources: (1) Hanson, S.M., & Bozett, F.W. (1987). Fatherhood: A Review and Resources. Family Relations, 38, 33340 (2) Lorossa,R. (1988) Fatherhood and Social change. Family Relations, 35.451-457. Research by Linda Ladd Ph. D. Multnomah County Extension Agent. they are protected from insects. Stor age life of seeds varies widely. Here is a guide: Short-lived seeds (1-2 years): corn, onion, parsnip. Intermediate seeds (3-4 years): bean, carrot, leek, pea Long-lived seeds (4-5 years): beet chard, cabbage family (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower), turnip, radish, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, muskmelon, pepper, pumpkin squash group, tomato, watermelon. An ideal way to prepare seed for long-term storage is to place seed component of various OSU programs valued at more than $60,000. Although $8 may seem high, volunteers are fill ing more responsible roles through the increasing number of master volunteer Leaders needed for The 4-H Program needs leaders in these project areas: cattle, rabbit, goat sheep, chicken, dog, cat, goldfish, bird, hamster, horse. The youth need leaders to teach them how to make: beaded belts, cuffs, bags, dresses, boys regalia, Melt butter and marshmallows over low heat reserving small amount for gluing; fold in 2 quarts popped corn (enough to make 8 pop corn balls). Shape into 3 inch diameter balls. Let set until firm. Face: attach M & M's to ball using reserved marshmallow mixture to make eyes and nose. Cut a U shape out of large gum drop formouth and glue in place. Ears: attach a large gum drop to each side of head. Hat: attach 3 M & M's in a vertical row to ice cream cones. Smear marshmallow mixture around cone rim and press gently to top of head until firm. Collar: fold doily in half, half again, then fold in half again. Unfold. Gather up center and twist into 1 inch stem. Spread out For your child.;... Ideas for showing love On the first cold day of autumn, make and drink hot chocolate together. Have milk and cookies together after school. Say, "I'm proud of you." Once this week, prepare your child's favorite dinner menu. terfere with learning. They have skills to understand the ideas that arc presented in school and in their textbooks, and they know how to get help if they have trouble understanding. They can remember the facts and ideas they need to Indian children speak by Juanita Bell People said, "Indian children are hard to teach. Don't expect them to talk." One day a stubby little boy said, "Last night the moon went with me all the way When I went out to walk." People said, "Indian children arc very silent Their only words are no and yes." But ragged Pansy confided softly, "My dress is old but at night the moon is kind; Then I wear a beautiful moon-colored dress." People said, "Indian children ore dumb. They seldom make a reply." Clearly I hear Dolores answer. "Yes, the sunset is so good, I think God is throwing A bright shawl around the shoulders of sky." People said, "Indian children are rude. They don't seem very bright." Then I remember Joe Henry's remark, 'The tree is hanging down tier head because the sun is staring at her. White people always stare. They do not know it is not polite." People said, "Indian children never take you in, Outside their thoughts you'll always stand." I have forgotten the idle words that people said, But treasure the day when iron doors swung wide, and I slipped into the heart of Indian land. Youth of America Children are the poorest class of our society. Nearly onc-forth live below the poverty line. Millions live in environments where families are chaotic, the drug dealer and pimp the only visible role models, and the police the only agents of discipline. Public schools, running on tightened budgets, can do little more than Ehysically restrain the inwash of opclcss, brutalized adolescents. Every major city bears the signs .... common civic life swamped by the wrathful indifference of your people to whom society offers little but eventual shelter within the world's biggest penal system. In the middle class, the young, reared on seven packets in a jar, seal the jar tightly and place it in a refrigerator or freezer. To help absorb moisture, place a small, cloth bag filled with dry, powdered milk beneath the seed packets in the bottom of the jar. Use about 12 cup of dry milk from a recently opened package. TEST GERMINATION To test seeds for germination be fore planting: 1) Moisten two or three layers of paper towels. 2) Place 25-50 seeds on the towels and roll the towels loosely. Place programs. We see increased training efforts for volunteers as a trend in Extension to make the partnership more effective. 4-H projects also-basic cooking, financial man agement. If you can help in one of these areas please call 553-3238 and ask for Arlene Boilcau or Carol Stevens at Extension Services. edges to form ruffle. Stand: cut off top 3 inches of Styrofoam cup to form a ring. Place doily on ring; place clown on top of doily. A pop corn ball maker, available exclusively from Jolly Time, forms perfect pop corn balls fast and easy. No burned or sticky fingers. To order, send $1.00 for one or $1.75 for two along with name, address and zip to: Jolly Time, P.O. Box 178, Sioux City, Iowa 5 1102. A recipe folder featuring 20 reci pes for pop corn lovers, plus a "how to" crafts section also is available by sending the pennant from any Jolly Time product or 25tf to cover postage and handling to the above mentioned Jolly Time address. Information provided by: Warm Springs OSU Extension Office 1131 Paiuto Street 553-3238 achieve in school and to do well in national tests. In addition, successful students can do all this in a relatively relaxed or stress-free way. They might be concerned about doing well in school, but they do not create ex cessive pressure for themselves. are "deprived" daily hours of television watching, are simply less cducablc, as slump ing SAT scores show. Their high schools no longer look like castles but like second-rate airports, low slung and shabby, while the society riches arc reserved in a curious gcrontoncratic shift to the old, with their social security, their pensions, their Medicare, and the governments entitlements that account for close to 30 percent of the national budget A nation where the old ore coddled and the young are deprived.... is surely one where people are entitled to feel bad. -John Updike in Forbes- them in a plastic bag. 3) Keep the towels in a warm place such as on a kitchen counter or on top of a water heater. 4) Some seed such as radish ger minates in 2 or 3 days. Peppers can take 10 to 14 days. Observe the seed at 2-day intervals to determine the degree of germination. Dahlias need digging now While winterizing flower beds around the home landscape this fall, don't forget to dig and store dahlia tubers. They won' t survive left out in the cold. "Dig dahlias any time after a killing frost, or after continued cold rains have blackened the plant," says Ray McNeilan, Oregon State Uni versity (OSU) Extension home gar dening agent. First, cut the plant above ground level leaving a six-inch stalk of old cane as a convenient handle. Then dig carefully to avoid breaking roots. S ince feeder roots extend in all direc tions from the clump, loosen the soil around the root clump about 16 to 18 inches from the stalk with a spading fork. Lift the clump gently and most of the soil should fall away. Turn the clump upside down, wash with a hose and place it in a shady spot to cure for several hours. When the root clump is dry, trim off all extraneous feeder roots. Dust scratches or cuts on the flesh roots with sulfur. Divide the roots so each carries a section of the stem with eyes on it. The large, fleshy roots taper to a neck where the stalk is attached. The eye, or bud, for next year's growth is located in the neck area. McNeilan recommends labeling the bulbs with a name tag or indelible ink so the bulb's type and color can be identified at replanting time. Rather than storing the root clumps whole, divide them soon aftcrdigging so they will take up less storage space. Store dahlia roots in an area with good air circulation, constant hu midity and a temperature range of 30 to 40 degrees F. A root cellar, crawl space under the house, detached ga rage or outbuilding are good storage locations. To prevent freezing and moisture loss, place the roots in a porous in sulating material such as vermiculite, pcrlite, peat moss or new sawdust Use wooden boxes for storage. They are easy to stack and can be arranged to create good air circulation. Ex amine stored roots periodically and remove diseased roots. J