March 6. 1992 PAflE 7
Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
'Money ranks Oregon second highest tax burden for
Docs Oregon fit the description,
ui lieu ; ii ui jh-iiuj uii uic un-tt-
suring slick you use, according to
Oregon Slate University (OSU)
economists.
A feature article in a recent issue
of "Money" magazine ranked the 50
states plus the District of Columbia
according to the annual state and
local tax burden borne by a "typical"
household in 1991. The authors es
timated that burden at $8,168 for
Oregon, earned the Emerald State a
"hellish" rank of second highest Only
New York was higher with a tax of
$8,84 1. Alaska ranked lowest with a
"heavenly" tax of $2,013.
On the basis of "Money's" com
parison Oregon is indeed a devilishly
delightful place for lax collectors.
However. Mike Martin, OSU agri
cultural economist, believes these
rankings heap far more fire and
brimstone on the state than it deserves.
Face debts and know how to talk to
When your income drops, and you
realize you can't pay all your bills,
it's important to face your debts and
know how to talk to your creditors.
Your past experiences with credi
tors are important. If you have con
sistently paid bills when due, your
creditors will be more cooperative
than if you were late or didn't make
regular payments. Creditors arc in
the business of lending money and
or providing services. They want to
4-H Enrichment Camp
to be held in August
Arlcne Boilcau and the Extension
staff have begun planning the 4-H
Wilderness Enrichment Camp. It will
be held in August. Last year, the
turnout and parent involvement and
support proved to be encouraging
and contributed to the overall success
of the camp. We hope for more of the
same this year.
Tests conducted
If you're trying to eat less satu
rated fat, and you're opting for heart
healthy polyunsaturates instead,
here's good news from ARS re
scorchers A recent study at the Western Hu
man Nutrition Research Center sug
gests that polyunsaturates - the kind
found in corn oil margarine, for ex
ample - don't lower your levels of the
good HDL cholesterol.
The finding comes from tests of
11 healthy middle-aged men who
volunteered at the San Francisco
center.
James M. Iacono, center director,
and chemist Rita M. Dougherty con
ducted th? 3-month study. They say
that although their conclusion agrees
with findings of some experts, it con
flicts with others that have suggested
that the highly touted polyunsaturates
may reduce good cholesterol.
"Although there was a dip in
HDL's at the midpoint in our study,"
Iacono notes, "HDL levels went back
Qualities of 4-H
Each 4-H club is special! Each
one develops its own identity as it
grows, based on the interests, needs
and goals of the members, leaders
and parents.
Even though each club is different,
there are qualities that successful 4
H have. Some of these qualities (or
use them as goals) are listed below.
Not all clubs will have time to ac
complish all these possible experi
ence, but a balance of activities, skill
building, and cooperative efforts is
important.
QualitiesGoals of a 4-H Club
-Club members work together and
enjoy being together.
Cattle lice are
. . .
I .ice can cause economic losses in
all types of beef cattle operations.
Some animals that develop extremely
large lice populations may abort their
calf or die from anemia caused by
blood loss but the major loss results
from poor feed conversion.
In cow-calf operations, lousy
cattle will produce less milk and will
wean lighter calves. Cattle feeders
will find lousy cattle require more
feed for each pound gained. Louse
infested cattle appear unthrifty and
have dry looking skin. They also
damage fences, corrals and feeder
bunks by rubbing on them to relieve
the irritation caused by lice feeding.
Lice are primarily a wintertime
problem because sunshine, rain, self
grooming and short summer heircoat
make poor conditions for their de
velopment. Cattle are the only host of cattle
lice. Usually 1 or 2 of the cattle in
a herd are carriers that will harbor
high numbers of lice year around.
Bulls arc often carriers since they
have a denser coat and cannot self
groom as easily as the other cattle.
Lice spread by contact from carriers
to other animals in the herd. Cattle
'There are several wavs to com
pare states tax burdens," says Mar
tin. "'Mor?y provided one analysis
based on a specific set of assump
tions about earnings and expendi
tures. 'Money's' analysis was based
on an average family who subscribes
to the magazine, a family of four
with two earners making nearly
$74,000 annually a very specific
economic demographic profile.
"Because Oregon's total tax sys
tem is progressive (people with higher
incomes pay more taxes), if you
happen to be in that profile, you may
indeed be in lax hell. But in Oregon
you're probably earning less. The
average family income here is only
about half that of the typical sub
scriber to 'Money'," said Martin.
'There are two other measures
used in ranking states according to
tax burden," said Bruce Weber, OSU
Extension Service economist. "One
way is to take total state and local
keep your business, but they also
want to get paid.
Contact your creditors; don't wait
for them to contact you. Explain your
current situation. Tell them unem
ployment has reduced your income
and you arc not able to keep up with
your complete payment Frankly
discuss your future income prospects
so you and your creditors can figure
out solutions to the problem. Most
creditors would prefer to receive
smaller payments on a regular basis
than to begin an expensive collection
procedure.
Before you and your creditors
agree on a reduced payment or some
other solution, determine how much
money, you have to pay off your
debts.
Figure out how much income you
can count on each month and how
much you need to pay for your essen
tial monthly living expenses. You'll
need to know who and how much
you owe, as well as how you plan to
pay them.
Once you have gathered the infor
to measure levels
up by the end of the experiment."
HDL's, or high-density lipopro
teins, have been linked with a lowered
risk of arteriosclerosis (hardening of
the arteries). The so-called bad cho
lesterol, or low-density lipoprotein,
is blamed for higher risk of heart
disease. HDL and LDL are typically
measured in the comprehensive blood
test usually included in yearly
physical exams. A total cholesterol
of 200 or less and an HDL level of
above 45 are generally recom
mended. For part of the San Francisco
study, volunteers followed the eating
guidelines recommended by the
American Heart Association - fats
were no more than 30 percent of the
day's calories. Each type of fat
saturated, monounsaturated, and
polyunsaturated - made up about 10
percent of the day's total calories.
Then, to pinpoint any effects the
polyunsaturates might have on HDL
cholesterol, Iacono and Dougherty
leaders listed
-There is strong parent support.
-Leadership opportunities are
given to all 4-H'ers (done through
junior andor teen leadership, club
officers, community service, etc.)
-A variety of teaching methods
are used.
-Several of these are done in the
club: records, presentations, fair
preparation, and more.
-Members, leaders and parents are
informed of all club activities.
-Younger members learn basic
skills.
-Members are excited about 4-H
and have fun.
primarily a winter time problem, use systemic insecticide
.. ... - . it. r . j .,: u n,ooant in ihoir rtoctifiHoc o;qv frnm rhildfftn and ivciHnPQ should not exCCCd thC tOl
lice spend their entire life on the
animal and will live onlv a few days
off the host if removed. Lice can pass
from egg to adult in 3 to 4 weeks.
Eggs that fall off the host will not
hatch unless the weather is hot and
then the young must find a host within
2 to 3 days or they will die.
Each time cattle are handled they
can be examined for lice in a few
seconds. Part the hair with your fin
gertips and examine them in several
places including the neck, withers,
brisket, shoulders, midback, tailhead,
flank, udder, and behind the rounds.
There are 4 species of lice that
infest cattle. Three of these species
feed by piercing the skin and sucking
blood. The fourth, a biting louse,
feeds on the scales of the skin and
causes irritation.
Herds routinely treated for cattle
grubs, hornflies, ticks or facefiies in
the fall may not develop lice infes
tations which require treatment. If
grubby cattle arc to be treated for
lice, use a systemic insecticide after
the first frost in the fall. If this can't
be done, wait until January or Febru
ary to treat to prevent anaphylactic
shock to the animals which results
taxes as a percentage of personal
- ! ...u ..... I!.,.i lki
income in cam suiic. v'b
method with U.S.Ccnsus of Govern
ment figures, Oregon ranked 13th
highest in 1989-1990. Orcgonians
paid an average of 12.1 percent of
personal income in state and local
taxes that year, somewhat above the
U.S. average 11.5 percent.
"The most commonly used way to
examine tax burden, continued
Improve your financial situation
If you are anticipating a tax re
fund, think abou; what you might do
with it. A suggestion might be to
improve your financial situation. You
might pay off credit card debts, start
an emergency fund, or save for long
term family goals.
Credit card debt is expensive be
cause interest rates arc high. Paying
this off saves interest expense. After
your creditors
mation you need, contact each credi
tor, explain your situation and work
out a solution. Be prepared to ex
plain the following:
The reason you fell behind in
your payments.
Your current income and pros
pects for future income.
Other obligations.
Your plans to bring this debt up
to date and keep it current, including
the amount you will be able to pay
each month.
Visit local creditors in person.
Visit the loan officer at your bank or
credit union, the credit manager of
local stores, the budget counselor at
the utility company. Don't forget
creditors like your dentist, physician,
clinic and hospital.
Contact out-of-town creditors by
phone or letter. If you phone, write
down the name and title of the person
to whom you talked. Follow up the
conservation with a letter summa
rizing what you and the creditor
agreed. Keep copies of your corre
spondence as well as any reply.
of cholesterol
lowered levels of polys to 3.8 per
cent for part of the study.
"Neither the 3.8 nor the lOpercent
levels of polyunsaturates lowered
HDL cholesterol for more than about
2 weeks," says Iacono. "In our new
studies, we're looking for an expla
nation of why other researchers con
cluded that polyunsaturates lowered
HDL's."
The ARS scientists relied on
practical menus with typical foods
that taste good and were easy to buy
and prepare, yet were low in fat.
Menus included, for instance, ham,
turkey, meatloaf, baked fish, spa
ghetu, lasagna, or other familiar fare.
"Lowering the fat in your meals is
often simply a matter of making easy
substitutes at the supermarket of per
haps changing some of the ways you
cook," says Dougherty. "You can cut
fat calories if you trim visible fat off
meat or choose lean meats and
poultry. Or switch to low-fat or nonfat
dairy products like skim milk or low
fat yogurt and reduced-fat sour cream.
"Instead of using butter for
cooking or at the table," she adds,
"choose polyunsaturated margarine
like a vegetable-oil-based spread."
Camp counselor
trainings
Friday, April 24, 5:00
p.m. through Sunday,
April 26, 12:00 noon.
Also May 6, 12, 20, from
4:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m.
If you are interested,
call the Extension office
553-3238.
fmm Hvinw mih nrftient in their
bodies. If treatment for lice is needed
in late fall or early winter, use a
nonsystemic insecticide. Systemics
will not kill lice that are not feeding
or eggs of lice. A second treatment
may be needed in herds with large
infestations. Consult your local
Veterinarian or Extension Agent for
recommendations about how to
control lice. Several products are now
available which may be useful de
pending on methods and conditions.
Following simple sanitation prac
tices will help you limit the spread of
lice in your cattle. Isolate newly pur
chased animals and examine them. If
they have lice, treat them before you
move them into the herd. If bedding,
feeder bunks, sheds or trucks have
been contacted by lousy cattle, keep
other cattle away from them for 2
days in winter or 1 0 day s in summer,
or sanitize them before reuse. Re
member, all insecticides are poisons.
Read the label on the package and
follow precautions carefully. Avoid
contaminating the skin, eyes, and
clothing with any pesticide. To pro
tect fish and wildlife, keep pesticides
out of the ponds and streams. Keep
typical household
Weber, is to look al ivr canita stale
and local taxes (total taxes divided
by a slate's total population). B y this
method, Orcgonians paid $ 1 ,92 1 per
person in 1989-1990,placiiiRihc stale
as 19ih highest among the 50 suites."
In terms of per capita taxes, Or
egon is almost 5 percent below the
U.S. average of $2,015 per person,
Weber said.
you pay off credit card debts, set up
a plan to control spending ana avoiu
accumulating a new balance.
"When credit cards arc used for
daily living expenses such as gaso
line, food, and clothing, and the
amount charged is not paid at the end
oflhcbillingcyclc.you arc borrowing
money for daily living and therefore
increasing your living costs by 1 8-20
percent annually.
If you have no credit card debt, a
suggestion could be a start of an
emergency fund. A minimum emer
gency fund equal to three months
take home pay. Use the tax refund to
start the fund and develop a plan to
routinely add small amounts. If you
already have an emergency fund,
consider starting a savings account
for long-term family goals, such as
education of children, buying a home,
or retirement.
Four day mini
college scheduled
for June 15-18
An Extension Mini-College is
scheduled to be held June 15-18,
1992 at Oregon State University,
Corvallis. There will be four days of
classes, workshops, tours and new
friends. The mini-college is co
sponsored by OSU Extension Service
and Oregon Extension Homcmakers
Council.
T-shirts made without chemicals
T-shirts are everywhere. The lat
est trend is environmentally friendly
ToKirie Thc urn rnnctniPtpH rnm.
plctcly of cotton, with no chemicals
Tl,
USCU in UIC IiniSIUiiK urw-t:5. nit
result is a natural ecru color.
Several companies arc developing
lines using fabrics whose fibers are
organically grown and naturally col
ored or colored with vegetable dyes.
Esprit's collection is called
Ecollection, T.L. Higgins call theirs
Higgn N'trual, and Levi Strauss' is
Levi's Naturals.
A new category of sport shoe is
the all terrain sandal or amphibious
Agricultural Trade and
Visitors to the newest office of
Oregon State University's (OSU)
Agricultural Experiment Station
(AES) won't see work boot, blue
jeans or pickup trucks. They'll more
likely meet international marketing
specialists in sports jackets who are
members of the Agricultural Trade
and Marketing Program.
This latest addition to OSU's
statewide agricultural experiment
station network is situated in
Portland's commercial waterfront
district. The staff will conduct re
search in support of the state's in
ternational agricultural trade com
munity. The establishment of the new sta
tion is temporary for now. Its fund
ing, made possible through a special
USDA grant, will run out next year.
By then, AES administrators hope
the new station will have demon
strated its worth and permanent
funding will be found.
A long list of planned projects
includes development of strategies
to bring new food processors to Or
egon, a study of the implications of
the U.S. free trade agreement for
pesticides away from children and
domestic animals and safely dispose
oi used containers.
The recommendations in this ar
ticle are based on the best informa
tion currently available. If recom
mendations are followed carefully,
Applesauce cupcakes recipe given
1 12 cups all-purpose flour
1 12 tsp. baking powder
1 tsp ground cinnamon
12 tsp. ground nutmeg
14 tsp. ground cloves
2 Tbsp. creamy peanut butter
2 Tbsp. margarine, softened
14 cup firmly packed brown sugar
legg
14 cup unsweetened applesauce
14 cup skim milk
14 cup chopped unsaltcd dry
roasted peanuts
12 tsp. vanilla extract
vegetable cooking spray
14 cup sifted powdered sugar
1 Tbsp. creamy peanut butter melted
1 to 2 tsp. unsweetened apple juice
Combine first 5 ingredients in a
small bowl; stir well. Set aside. Cream
The Oregon State University Tour is going to be March
23, 24, 25, 1992. OSU Extension is looking for homes to
host the foreign exchange students that will arrive Monday
evening and depart Wednesday morning. The students will
be in your home by night and the community by day.
If you are interested call Liz Blann, Madras Extension
Office 475-3808 or the Warm Springs Extension Office
553-3238.
Stepfamilies need to discuss money issues
Money is second only to children
as a major problem area for remarried
couples. Even though its important
and each spouse has experience with
money in previous marriages, re
married couples may still have a hard
lime confronting important issues.
That's the observation Anita
Mctz.cn, executive director of the
American Council on Consumer In
terests, and Edward Meten, profes
sor and chair, family economics and
management, University of Missouri,
make in a new Oregon State Uni
versity (OSU) Extension Service
publication.
Stepfamilies often find themselves
starling witn limited resources as a
result of earlier divorce, and their
current and future resources strained
as they build new relationships while
retaining tics to past ones, they ob
serve. Although it'simportanttodiscuss
money matters in advance and to get
as many things in place as possible,
couples "need to understand that in
footwear. These shoes look like a
cross between dime store thongs and
ripped up running shoes. Thty are
popular with water sports enthusiasts
n mo.t finH ihrir uiqu nntn ctrwte
aim waj iiiw uivi.
ashaveotherkindsof specialty shoes.
incy nave moiuca aruics, special
foodbed drainage systems, and toe
and heel protection.
Hocchst Cclancse Corp. is begin
ning a state-of-the-art polyester re
cycling plant in 1992 near
Spartanburg, SC. It will recycle
polyester bottles, jugs, and solid
waste polyester including clothing.
Marketing program
Oregon agricultural trade, an exami
nation of the effects of the Salmon
recovery plan on Oregon agriculture,
and a study of the potential for
commercial sales of wheat to less
developed countries.
Part of the reason for putting the
new station in Portland, said Mike
Martin, OSU agricultural economist
and project leader for the new pro
gram, is to demonstrate to the trade
community there that "we have
something to offer." "We want to
deal with research on trade issues at
the place and in the community where
those issues are happening," he said.
The offices of the new program
are in the Wheat Marketing Center
portion of the recently remodeled
Albers Mill Building on the
Willamette River.
Currently, the research staff con
sists of Martin and international trade
specialistJohn Green, whocomplcted
his graduate studies at Iowa State
University. He was hired last fall.
Over the next year Green will
coordinate his research activities with
a project leader in Corvallis. Martin
residues should not exceed the toler
ance established for any particular
chemical. Follow recommendations
carefully with respect to dosage lev
els, number of applications and
minimum interval between applica
tions. The cattleman is responsible
for residues.
7 Thsn. ncanut butter and margarine in
a medium bowl; gradually add brown
sugar, beating well at medium speed of
an electric mixer. Add egg and
applesauce; beat well. Add flour mix
ture tocrcamcd mixture alternately with
milk, beginning and ending with flour
mixture. Mix well after each addition.
Stir in peanuts and vanilla
Spoon cupcake batter into muffin
pans coated with cooking spray, filling
each cup two-thirds full. Bake at 350
for 25 to 30 minutes or until a wooden
pick inserted in centers comes out clean.
Remove cupcakes from pans, and cool
completely on wire racks.
Combine po"'dcred sugar, melted
peanut butter, and apple juice, stirring
well. Drizzle powdered sugar mixture
over cupcakes. Yield; 1 dozen (156
Information provided by:
Warm Springs OSU
Extension Office
1131 Paiute Street
553-3238
view of the complexities and sensi
tivities involved, success can t nc
expected overnight. Progress usually
occurs over time," the authors stress.
The Mctzcns identify five stages
a couple will go through in the nor
mal evolution of dealing with money
matters, from "rose -colored glasses
to "achieving stability."
Each stepfamily progresses
through the stages at its own pace,
they explain. Some couples find they
can talk openly, plan together and
arc able to move ahead, spending
little time in the early stages. Others
may communicate well, but lack the
tools to implement a successful
money system witnout giving more
time and effort to gaining additional
knowledge and advice.
The authors stress that a strong
commitment to the marriage is re
quired "along with a willingness to
work through the stages. It takes time
and trust as sensitive and important
money matters arc attended to. For
those couples who do what it takes to
achieve the final stage, the rewards
in terms of quality of life arc great."
Singlccopicsof "Stages in Money
Management for Stepfamilies," FS
316, arc available without charge
from Publications Orders, Agricul
tural Communications, OSU Ad
ministrative Services A422,Corvallis
97331-2119.
MaKe d PraCllCaiSlJl
Many kitchen basics, such as bak
ing pans, staple food items or pots
and pans, make practical shower or
housewarming presents. One way to
present the gift is to put the items in
a canvas or nylon mesh bag that can
be used again as a grocery sack. Tuck
some colored paper around the gift
and tic the bag with a bright bow.
latest addition to OSU
nlans to cet undergraduate interns
and graduate students involved with
international trade and marketing
research projects through the Port
land office.
Research directions for the new
program will be partially guided by
and advisory committee represent
ing food processing, trade, financial
and marketing concerns in Portland;
and by representatives from the
various agricultural commodity
commissions and the international
trade office of the Oregon Depart
ment of Agriculture.
"We're establishing a strategic
plan for what we want to do with this
program in the next two years," said
Martin. "That includes establishing
connections with marketing and in
ternational trade research efforts at
Washington State University and the
University of Idaho. In addition,
we've had very good cooperation
from Portland State University."
OSU AES Director, Thayne
Dutson, also hopes the program will
help direct future research projects.
"The new program will provide
an important link between OSU re
search on agricultural production and
processing and the state's trade and
marketing system," said Dutson.
"For example , the Trade and Mar
keting Program may identify poten
tial research on products that could
be conducted at AES Branch Sta
tions or on campus," he said. "Or,
specialists in the Portland Program
may incorporate research data from
the campus and branch stations into
trade and marketing research
projects."
Junior, teen and
adult leaders
forum scheduled
for April
An Oregon 4-H leaders' forum is
scheduled to be held April 3-4 (3
p.m. Friday through 5 p.m. Saturday)
at Sunri vcr. This leaders forum is for
junior, teen and adult 4-H leaders.
The cost of the forum is $52 before
February 3. You may apply for par
tial scholarships from the Jefferson
County 4-H Leaders Association.
Call 475-3808 for information. Out
of pocket expenses are deductible if
you keep a dated receipt.
i