Warm Springs, Oregon
September 7, 1990 PAGE 7
.earning geography at home can be fun
iPILYAY TYMOO
If you have a child under ten
:ars of age, this is a great time for
im or her to discover the wonders
f geography. This doesn't mean
tting down with a stack of books
nd memorizing place names and
ational capitals. For young child
:n. learning geography can mean
iking a trip to the beach or liven
ig up a car trip by playing a license
late game.
You can give your child a head
tart on learning geography by
:nding for and using the Dcpart
lent of Education's new publica
on, Helping Your Child Learn
ieography (Item 466W, 50c). The
ull-color, illustrated booklet is
esigncd to help kindle enthusiasm
or the relationships between peo
ple and places, the geographical
nd cultural differences that make
ach place special, and for just
nowing where things are. It comes
fith a fold-out map of the United
itates. You can get a copy of Help
ng Your Child Learn Geography
y sending your name, address,
nd fifty cents to Consumer In
ormation Center, Department
66W, Pueblo, Colorado 81009.
Learning about geography and
tow it affects our lives starts when
:hildren are learning to talk. Make
ure your child has a good under
Fit childrens' shoes
With a new school year just
beginning, new shoes probably head
the list of your children's wardrobe
needs.
When it comes to your children's
feet, the focus must be on new
shoes that fit.
Young feet grow rapidly and do
not complete their development
until age 18. During these various
changes, feet need shoes that meet
their needs; shoes should not
change the feet. Many adult foot
problems can be traced to improp
erly fitted shoes when young. Their
shoes forced the feet out of shape
when they were developing, ex
plains Ardis Koester, OSU Exten
sion textiles and clothing specialist.
You can reduce home poisoning risks
To reduce the risk of poisoning:
1. Keep household products and
medicines out of reach and out of
sight of children, preferably in a
locked cabinet or closet. Even if
vou must leave the room for only
an instant, remove the container
to a safe spot.
2. Store medicines separately
Use lean cuts
Some of the leanest cuts of beef
are select-grade round tip, eye of
round, top round, top loin, tender
loin, and sirloin. A well-trimmed
three-ounce serving (after cooking)
of any of these cuts has fewer than
180 calories and less than 8 grams
of fat-and derives just 30 to 40
of its calories from fat.
Bike riding safety tips offered
Tips for safe bicycling with
children aboard include:
1. Helmets that have been ap
proved by either the Snell Memo
rial Foundation or the American
National Standards Institute
should be used for both driver and
passenger, regardless of age. Check
the inside of the helmet for these
organization's seals.
2. Children under the age of one
and children over 40 pounds should
not be allowed to ride in bicycle
carriers.
3. Adults with child passengers
should not ride at night nor in high
Horse digestive system
To buy good hay for meeting a
horse's nutritional needs, it is
necessary to understand something
about the horse's digestive system.
The digestive system is composed
of a single, small capacity (2-4
gallon) stomach; the small intes
tine (the main site of absorption for
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats);
and the large intestine, which in
cludes the cecum and the large and
small colon.
Because of the small capacity of
the stomach and the lack of a
ruminant digestive system, good
quality hay is important. The
nutritional requirements of horses
performing medium to heavy work
cannot be satisfied by forage alone.
However, roughage is essential for
proper digestive function.
Horses are simple-stomach her
bivores. The cecum and colon of
the large intestine contain a micro
bial population that helps to digest
fiber. The cecum, however, is
located behind the small intestine,
the main protein absorption site.
The resulting nitrogen deficiency
limits the microbial activity in the
hind gut. Thus, horses cannot
standing ot positional words, like
"above.", "below," "right." and
"left." You can do this simply by
saying the words when you talk to
the child or give directions. For
example, you might say "Please
put the pan on the left side of the
shelf below the sink."
Using your house as a center
point, show your child which direc
tions are north, south, east and
west. If you can see the sun rising
or setting from a window, this will
help. Make sure your child knows
the direction he looks to see the sun
rise is east. You can play games to
reinforce this knowledge. Once
your child can identify directions,
hide a toy or a treat and give direc
tions to find it. You might say
"Take five steps to the north, then
fifteen steps to the east, and then
look on the south side of the oak
tree." Integrate different words
and skills into the games you play,
and make sure they are challenging
enough to keep your child's inter
est. Children can also learn to read
maps. This way they can learn
where relatives live and why it
takes so long to get there. They
might learn why they attend a cer
tain school by looking at a map of a
Although last year's school
shoes look good, they probably
won't fit their owner's feet this
year. And they should not be
passed on to someone else. Hand-me-down
shoes have been shaped
to the first child's foot and will
damage the next child's foot.
Most children outgrow their
shoes before they wear them out. A
child's foot can grow as much as
three sizes in just a few months.
However, from the time they begin
to walk, children need sturdy,
supportive shoes that fit properly.
The most important considera
tion in selecting shoes is fit. Always
take your children with you when
buying shoes. Have both feet of
each child maeasured every time.
from other household products
and keep these items in their origi
nal containers never in cups or
soft-drink bottles.
3. Be sure that all products ere
properly labeled, and read the
label before using.
4. Always turn the light on when
giving or taking medicine.
5. Since children tend to imitate
adults avoid taking medications
in their presence. Avoid drinking
medicine from the bottle.
6. Refer to medicines by their
proper names. They are not can
dies. 7. Clean out your medicine
cabinet periodically. Get rid of old
medicines by flushing them down
the drain, rinsing the container in
water, and then discarding it.
8. Ask for and use household
substances which are available in
traffic areas.
4. Only adults who are highly
skilled riders should carry a child
passenger.
5. Rear-mounted seats should
have high backs, spoke guards,
safety belts and padding. The child
should be securely buckled in at all
times.
6. A child should never be left
unattended in a bicycle seat - not
even for one moment.
7. The child should be properly
dressed; avoiding clothing or ac
cessories that can get caught in the
spokes.
digest liber as well as cattle can.
Not only does the horse have a
small-capacity stomach, but feed
moves quite rapidly through the
horse's digestive system. Most
Cecum
Dla'lli.-r
Spleen
The digestive system of the horse.
v HW -
A co,on i 1 1 )
I Smalt Intestine I l
community. If you're going on a
trip, show your child the route
you'll take to get there. Pick out
license plates from different states,
and use a map to show your child
where those cars are from. Learn
ing geography can be lots of fun!
Children can even make their
own maps-whether it be of the
layout of their bedroom, the road
from home to school, or even of a
place described in a book. Some
books, such as Winnic-the-Pooh,
have maps that make wonderful
models.
When children understand geo
graphical features on maps, they
can learn how lakes, oceans, hills
and mountains affect the weather.
Maybe the cold wind that causes
them to need a coat comes in from
across a lake. Helping Your Child
Learn Geography has directions
for making a simple weather vane
so your child can see where the .
wind blows in your neighborhood.
Let your artistic talents
Decorating everything from T
shirts to tennis shoes has become
very popular. There are a number
of items on the market to assist you
properly
Be sure to have the child stand up
in the shoe. Press the end of the
shoe with your thumb. There
should be one-half to three-quarters
of an inch between the child's
longest toe and theend of the shoe.
Examine current shoes for evi
dence of wear, and look at your
children's feet when they first re
move their shoes and socks. Pink
or red spots may mean that the
shoes are narrow, too tight, or too
short.
Careful fit, good design, and
quality workmanship are features
you should consider when selecting
and buying shoes for children. It
pays to buy the best shoes you can
afford for your children.
child resistant packaging. Insist on
safety packaging for prescription
medicines. Resecure safety feature
carefully after using. Safety pack
aging gives extra protection to
your children.
Do you really
A popular appliance on today's
market is the portable, motor
driven food processor that will
slice, shred, chop, knead, mix, grate
and crumb recipe ingredients.
There are about a dozen American
and imported models on the mar
ket, with prices ranging from $50
to more than $250. Thanks to
advertising, most everyone knows
something about food processors,
at least enough to wish there was
one in the kitchen at home. But the
question is, do you need one? If so,
how do you make a selection?
Ask yourself these questions:
Do you normally prepare
food where a food processor would
Freezing saves time, effort, nutrition values, space
WHY FREEZE? Freezing is the
simplest and less time consuming
of all the food preserving alterna
tives, plus the quality of food is
most like fresh - retaining the
natural flavors. But, along with all
food preserving, proper care and
packaging are important factors
when freezing foods. How you
explained
feeds pass from the mouth to the
cecum within I hour. Therefore, if
a feed is not readily digestible, the
horse will not obtain enough nutri
ents. Trachea
Esophagus .- I
Stornach I -F'VaS I
People of other regions may
dress or build their houses differ
ently from you. They may eat dif
ferent food because their land and
weather may be different. They
may even speak a different lan
guage. You can fill out your child's
knowledge of different cultures
with pictures and books. Helping
Your Child Learn Geography has a
terrific resource list to help you get
free or inexpensive maps, maga
zines, books, and even pen pals
that can broaden your child's
knowledge of the world.
When you send for your copy of
Helping Your Child Learn Geo
graphy (Item 466W, 50e). youH
also get a free copy of the Consu
mer Information Catalog. Pub
lished quarterly by the Consumer
Information Center of the General
Services Administration, the Cata
log lists about 200 free and low
cost federal publications on a wide
variety of subjects.
with your creativity.
Stencil paint is available along
with a variety of stencil patterns, or
you can cut your own designs. The
designs can be painted using solid
colors or shaded with one or more
colors.
Slick paints are available in
bottles with a writing tip. These
paints can be applied directly to
fabric and dry to a shiny surface in
about 4 to 6 hours.
Puffy paints are painted on with
a brush. They are applied flat, and
when heat is applied they puff to
form a raised design. Thin layers
are safe for washing, but heavy
layers of the puff paint are not
usually washed successfully.
Glitter paints are paints with
pieces of glitter in them. They come
in tubes or bottles. They dry in
about 4 hours and have a sparkly
Watch calories
In popcorn
Popcorn labled "air-popped"
isn't necessarily low in fat. One
"air-popped" brand (bachmans)
actually derives more than half its
calories from corn oil. Some other
brands contain cheese and are even
higher in fat. Plain unbuttered, air
popped popcorn has just 30 calo
ries per cup and almost no fat.
need one?
be helpful?
What tasks will the food
processor perform that other ap
pliances you already have will not?
Is there a convenient space in
the kitchen to store and use the
food processor?
Who will use the food proc
essor? Does that person have the
time and inclination to learn how
to use a new appliance?
Will buying a food processor
make the best use of your money at
this time?
Only you can determine whether
a food processor is a wise invest
ment. For more information con
tact the Extension office.
handle your preparation ot foods
determines the quality and safetv
of food items.
TO FREEZE FISH: First re
move guts and thoroughly clean
fish as soon as possible. It is better
to freeze cleaned fish; you may
freeze winter caught fish whole,
just as soon as they come out of the
water.
Basically, there are several tech
niques you could use when prepar
ing your fish for the freezer. One
way is to cut fish into fillets or
steaks. Individually pre-wrap
(double thickness preferred) each
piece in cling wrap, forming at
tight skin on the product. Then
place individual wrapped items
together into a larger master bag.
A master bag could be a strong
polyethlene freezing bag, foil or
freezing paper. Never place more
than 4 pounds of fish per master
bag.
Wrapping individual fish pieces
minimizes the amount of air in the
packaging. This will decrease the
oxidation process (oxidation caus
es undesirable flavor and color
changes in seafood) and allows for
pieces to be thawed separately and
more quickly.
For freezing fish whole, the best
way is to freeze them immediately
wrapped in a large plastic bag. As
soon as fish are frozen, dip them
in water to form a protective
"glaze." The fish can then be
rebagged and placed back in the
freezer. This"glaing"in water will
put a protective coat on the fish,
decreasing the oxidation process.
Glazing should be repeated every 5 .
to 6 weeks.
Another technique for small fish
Leaders
Subject matter skills help young
people do a better job with a pro
duct through the application of
knowledge and information.
A balance of subject matter and
life skills is essential to an individ
ual's total growth.
The key to the success of 4-H
is volunteer leaders. It is impera
tive that expanded roles of volun
teers and paraprofessional staff,
and the functions and the respon
sibilities of the professional staff,
be clearly defined.
shine through clothing
surface. These glitter paints are
excellent for highlighting accents
and designing on dark-colored
items.
Spatter paints are available in
special bottles that use a spray
action to spatter the paint over the
fabric being painted.
Iron-on apliqucs are available in
a variety of designs. There are
usually 4 to 6 designs in a strip, and
they can be used together or cut
apart and used individually or in
groups. When they are ironed on,
the backing comes off and a velvety
surfaced design is left.
There are a variety of set-on
jewels and nail-heads available
also. They require a special tool for
application in some cases. In other
cases the decorations can be glued
on or applied carefully by hand.
Some are designed to be applied by
Parental love means setting reasonable limits
from a loving parent
Someday when my children are old enough to understand
the logic that motivates a mother, I will tell them:
I loved you enough to ask where you were going, with
whom and what time you would be home.
I loved you enough to insist
buy a bike for yourself even
one for you.
I loved you enough to be silent and let you discover that
your new best friend was a
I loved you enough to make
the drugstore (with a bite out
this yesterday and want to pay for it.
loved you enough to stand
you cleaned your room, a job
minutes.
loved you enough to let you
and tears in my eyes. Children
aren't perfect.
loved you enough to let you
your actions even wnen xne
- . . 1 II
almost broke my heart.
But most of all, I loved you enough to say NO when I knew:
you would hate me for it. Those were the most difficult;
battles of all. I'm glad I won them, because in the end you'
won something, too.
is to place fish in a container (can
or carton) and fill with water. If
fish is not tightly packed in con
tainer, after fish is frozen, add ice
cold water. The disadvantage to
this method is a longer required
time to thaw the entire package to
get a portion of the fish.
The key factor for freezing fish
is to exclude as much air as
possible from the package.
STORING FISH: After the fish
is properly wrapped, place the fish
in direct contact with freezer floor
or walls. This will allow for the
fastest freeze. If packages take
longer than 5-6 hours to freeze,
they are to large.
Packages should be stored at 0
Fahrenheit or -18 Celsius or
colder. Do not allow temperatures
to fluctuate. Therefore, keep fish as
far away from the door as possible.
STORAGE TIME FOR FISH:
Lean fish (cod, flounder, had
dock, sole) may be stored in the
freezer for 6 months.
Fatty fish (bluefish, perch,
mackerel and salmon) has a
storage life of 3 to 4 months.
Keep in mind that a home freez
er is designed for storage, not rapid
freezing.
Rule of thumb - home freezers
can properly freeze about 1-2
pounds per cubic foot in 24 hours.
Therefore, do not over load the
freezer. Also, do not pack in tightly
unfrozen fish. Over packing and
packing too tightly can reduce
quality and freezing rate.
Date all frozen items. A good
practice is "the first in-firsl out."
THAWING FISH: Proper thaw
ing is just as important as proper
freezing. The quicker the product
Information Provided By:
OSU Warm Springs Extension
1134 Palute Street
PO Box 430
Warm Springs, OR 97761
(503) 553-32383239
essential
More specifically, the agent is
responsible to assist adults and
parents to support the local 4-H
group by:
1. Creating awareness of 4-11
and recruiting volunteers and
youth to participate;
2. Supporting volunteers in be
ing effective in helping youth grow
and develop; and
3. Helping to design 4-H activi
ties and experiences supportive to
local 4-H groups.
ironing.
Almost all of these creative trms
can be washed using ordinary
methods. In some cases it is
recommended that the decorated'
item be turned wrong-side-out
when it is being washed and dried.
The paints are generally acrylic
and are permanent after they dry. .
It is recommended that all fabric
items being decorated be pre
washed to remove any sizing in the
fabric. Sizing can prevent the
paints from being properly ab
sorbed into the fabric.
When applying the paints allow
one color to dry before applying
the next color. Place cardboard,
foil, or wax paper between fabric
layers to keep the paint from
soaking through the other side of
the garment. Allow the painted
item to dry flat so the paints will
not run.
that you save your money and
though we could afford to buy
creep.
you take a Milky Way back to
of it) and tell the clerk, I stole
over you for two hours while
that would have taken me 15
'
see anger, disappointment
must learn that their parents'
assume the responsibility for?
penames were so narsn iney
I A ' .. I A I '
;
is thawed the better. DO NOT
THAW IN HOT WATER!! Thaw
ing can be done in the refrigerator-i-but
will take a longer period of
time. The best way is to place
water-tight wrapped fish in cold
running water. If properly wrap
ped the fish should be water tight.
(When thawing large fish, surface
spoilage can take place quickly
when thawing at room tempera
ture or in warm water). i
Individual fillets and steaks can
be thawed at room temperature,
then in the refrigerator if they need
to be held a few hours before
cooking. ;
Fish-Vegetable Bake
(Microwave method)
12 oz. Oregon cod, pollock or
salmon
Salt & pepper to taste
V cup frozen chopped onion
1 to 2 tbsp. butter or margarine
1 package (10 oz.) or about 2
cups favorite frozen vegetable
mix
1 tsp. Dijon mustard
V tsp. tarragon, crushed
1 tbsp. chopped parsley
(optional)
Cut fish into serving-sized piec
es; season with salt and pepper arid
set aside. Microcook onion and
butter in 2-quart microwave-safe
dish at HIGH (I009H 2 to:3
minutes or until onion is tender.
Stir in frozen vegetables, mustard
and tarragon; mix well. Place fish
on vegetables; cover with waxed
paper. Microcook at HIGH 7 to 10
minutes or until fish flakes when
tested with fork at thickest part.
Sprinkle with parsley. Makes 2 to 3
servings. "