Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
September 23, 1988 PAGE 5
Consider child care services carefully
As a parent who uses child care
services, you may not think of
yourself as a consumer. But, indeed,
that's exactly what you are.
Considering that your child may
be in child care as much as eight or
more hours a day, your child care
choice is your most important con
sumer decision.
When you buy a car or washing
machine, you shop around, com
pare quality and prices, ask the
dealer questions, and talk to other
people using the product. Once
you've made your purchase, you
continue to evaluate the product as
your use it. Is it of the quality you
expected? Is it meeting your needs?
When selecting child care or eva
luating the child care you're already
using, follow the same steps.
That is, act like a consumer. Gather
all the information you can before
hand. Do comparative shopping.
And continue to evaluate the child
care after you've enrolled your child.
Changing child care is confusing
and disruptive to a child. So try to
avoid starting in one child care set
ting, then finding it unsatisfactory
and moving on to another one.
Make a wise choice at the start.
That's not to say you should
never change child care. But there
should be a good reason for doing
so. Certainly if the quality of care
doesn't measure up to what you
expected, or if you notice stand
ards slipping, you should definitely
find new child care. Also, you muy
have to change child care to meet
your child's changing needs as he
or she grows.
The Caregiver The quality
of any child care really comes buck
to the person providing it. If he or
she is a warm, caring, competent
person who has appropriate train
ing and enjoys children, chances
are that everything else will fall
into place safety, nutrition, dis
cipline, activities and so on.
Attitudes Note the caregiv
er's general attitudes toward child
ren. Every caregiver has an overall
policy be it written or informal
on handling discipline and setting
limits with children. Is the caregiv
er's approach one that views child
ren as noisy creatures who need to
be kept in line? Or are children seen
as people with individual needs,
feelings and personalities of their
own?
Activities The activities
should attend to the whole child,
including the child's social, emo
tional, physical and intellectual
development.
Variety is important. There
should be time for both indoor and
outdoor activities, structured "-
tivitics as well as free play, and
vigorous physical exercise as well
as quiet time and rest.
Visit the facility during different
parts of the day. Compare the
atmosphere in the morning, when
everyone is fresh, to say, late in the
afternoon, when children may be
fussy and the adult's patience may
be wearing thin. Also, try to stop
by at a transition time such as
when chldren are going outside to
play or sitting down for a meal to
see how these are handled.
Physical Environment The
child care environment should be
safe, clean and attractive. It may
look a little chaotic and cluttered
after all, this is a place for child
renbut it shouldn't be dirty.
Shiny new furniture and all the
latest new toys aren't necessarily
signs of quality care, cither. Used
toys and books and secondhand
bean bag chairs are just fine if
there's an atmosphere of love, car
ing and stimulation.
Pay attention to your initial feel
ings and intuitions. Do you sense
that the caregiver genuinely cares
about children? Is the caregiver
open to talking about policies and
answering your questions? Or does
he or she seem impatient or defen
sive? Do the children look and sound
as though they're comfortable and
happily occupied? Docs this look
like an appealing, homey place?
Imagine being your child and
consider one final question: Docs
this feel like the kind of place that
you would enjoy spending your
day?
Quality child care for your child
depends on both you and the care
giver. Share information with the
caregiver about your child's needs,
interests, problems, personality
anything that will help the care
giver provide the best care for your
child.
If the caregiver has concerns
about your child, listen without
being defensive and be willig to
talk it over.
Remember, you and the care
giver are not competing for your
child's affeciton. No one can replace
you. But the caregiver is an impor
tant person in your child's life.
Both you and the caregiver want
the same thing: To do all you can to
help your chid grow to be a happy,
caring, whole human being.
Information on this page provided by the
by the Warm Springs Office
of the Oregon State University
Extension Service
Phone: 553-1161, ext. 238 or 239
Recipes show varied uses
for vegetables and salmon
Coverall bases when remarrying
Remarried couples face special
financial situations. Old methods
of handling money may be inap
propriate. The divorce rate for
second marriages is higher than for
first marriages; 54 of women and
6 1 of men in their 30s will divorce
a second time.
Some of the problems remarried
famlies face are:
Limited discussion about fi
nances prior to remarriage.
Men feeling torn between fi
nancial demands of two families.
Women afraid of imposing
financial burdens of their children
on their new husband and men
reluctant to assume financial re
sponsibility for their new wife's
children.
Some men putting off revising
wills, life insurance and property
titles. Both men and women reluc
tant to disclose all their assets.
Women hesitating to reveal their
financial status and wanting to
rathole money because they fear
another divorce.
Preserving fish entails several steps
Smoking has long been used as a
mean of temporarily preserving fish.
The steps in the smoking process
are necessary not only for safe
preservation, but also to produce
good flavor and aroma. Carp, suck
ers, buffalo catfish, salmon, trout
and chubs may be successfully
smoked. A safe, high quality pro
duct can be produced using the fol
lowing brining and Smoking
procedures. Certain steps in' the
brining and smoking process require
careful attention.
BRINING
Use correct amount of salt in
the brine.
Use enough brine for a given
amount offish.
Temperature during brining
must be no higher than 40
Use similar size and kinds of
fish in the brine.
Discuss phone bills
College students frequently pur
chase telephone service. Although
convenient, telephone bills are a
common source of disagreement
among roommates unless there is a
clear understanding about pay
ments. Avoid disagreements by decid
ing in advance how costs will be
split among roommates. Who will
pay the deposit, installation and
equipment charges? If more than
one name is listed in the telephone
directory, there is additional cost.
Decide how monthly costs will
be divided, when they will be paid
and by whom. Usually each room
mate is responsible for their own
long distance calls. It helps if each
person keeps a record showing the
date and number called.
Remember, regardless of the
arrangements among roommates,
the telephone company will look
for payment from the person who
contracts them. You could end up
paying for your roommates' calls.
Communication and under
standing among roommates early
might prevent misunderstandings.
Take care of sewing machine
Taking the time to care for your
sewing machine will assure you
that it will always be "ready to
stitch."
Probably the most important
thing you can do is to keep it clean
and oiled. When you finish sewing
for the day, take a minute or two to
clean the bobbin area. Lint col
lects, which contributes to stitch
ing problems.
When cleaning your sewing
machine, use a lint brush (comes
with the machine), a pipe cleaner
or an air canister. Never blow into
a sewing machine since your breath
is also humid. After cleaning the
bobbin area, then add a drop of oil.
Most manufacturers recommend
cleaning and oiling after every ten
hours of sewing some say after
three or four hours.
After oiling then stitch a few
rows of fabric scrap to run the oil
through the sewing machine system.
A few minutes of "care" will
result in a machine always "ready
to stitch!"
'SMOKING
There should be uniform heat
treatment of all fish in the smoking
chamber.
The fish flesh should be main
tained at 180F for total smoking
period.
STEPS FOR SAFE
,SMQKIN.G:
. runt salt fo one pallon of
It v o
water for 12 hours in refrigerator,
OR
4 cups salt to one gallon cold
water for 15 minutes.
Remove fish from brine and rinse.
Place short stem of a meat ther
mometer in thickest portion of
flesh or largest fish. Put fish in
smoker when temperature is 1 00 F.
You will need a second thermome
ter to measure this.
During smoking, air temperature
should rise to 225 F. Fish flesh
should reach I80F and be kept
there 30 minutes.
Smoked fish must be stored in
refrigerator within one month.
Use only hard woods for making
smoke. Maple, oak,- alder,
hickory, birch and fruit woods are
all good for smoking. Do not use
fir, spruce, pine or cedar.
STORING
Store smoked fish in a porous
material such as cloth or paper
towels. This will retard mold growth
on fish. The cloth or paper towels
will absorb any moisture that may
result from "sweating", a process
where moisture moves from the
fish to the inside of the bag, causing
a wet spot where mold can grow.
This is especially severe if warm,
plastic-wrapped fish is placed in
the refrigerator up to two weeks.
For extended storage, tightly wrap
and freeze smoked fish.
Financial uncertainty for the
custodial parent who must rely on
their former spouse for child sup
port payments.
Now spouses in noncustodial
families fear their salary may be
used to justify an increase in child
support payments.
Unclear financial responsibili
ties regarding medical, education
and other needs beyond child sup
port payments.
Some suggestions for remarried
couples are:
Communicate about mutual
values and goals.
Understand past decision
making and spending styles and
agree on current styles.
Decide how to handle current
financial responsibilities including
existing debts, spousal support pay
ments, child support payments,
support of elderly parents.
Agree to pool or seperate fi
nances. Develop and use a family
spending plan.
Settle legal questions like cus
tody of children, guardianship,
property ownership, wills and estate
planning.
Chinese Chicken Potato
Salad
4 medium potatoes (about I V
pounds)
1 !4 cups cooked chicken meat, cut
into strips
1 6-oz. package frozen peas, cooked
2 cups fresh bean sprouts (or I 16
oz. can of bean sprouts, drained)
1 cup thinly sliced celery
4 mushrooms, sliced
V cup salad oil
3 Tablespoons white wine vinegar
I Tablespoon soy sauce
xh teaspoon salt
I teaspoon ginger
I Tablespoon chopped coriander
(optional)
1 pimento, cut into strips
Salad greens
Cook potatoes until tender. Peel
and cut into long, thin sticks.
Arrange potatoes, chicken and
other vegetables in a lettuce-lined
salad bowl or wok. Make dressing
by blending oil, vinegar, soy sauce,
salt, ginger and coriander. Drizzle
over salad. Chill. Garnish with
coriander and strips of pimento.
Makes 6 servings, 250 calories per
serving.
Broccoli Salad
1 bunch broccoli, cut in small pieces
1 small onion, chopped
Vi cup raisins
'$ cut sunflower seeds
2 Tablespoons imitation bacon bits
Salmon Souffle
Va cup yogurt
'A cup reduced-calorie mayonnaise
2 Tablespoon white wine vinegar
or gourmet rice wine vinegar
Toss all ingredients together and
chill several hours or overnight.
Serves 8 to 10.
Potato Soup
3 medium potatoes (about one
pound)
2 I0 oz. cans chicken broth
2 green onions, sliced
I large cucumber, unpcclcd and diced
I teaspoon garlic salt
I cup plain yogurt
Dash of pepper
Peel and dice potatoes. Place in
a saucepan with chicken broth and
onions. Bring to a boil; then simmer,
covered, until potatoes aree tender
(about 10 minutes). Add cucumber,
cook three minutes more. Pour
half the soup into a blender con
tainer. On a low speed, whirl until
smooth. Pour into large bowl. Whirl
remaining soup with seasoning and
yogurt. Add to first half, stirring to
blend. Chill and serve in mugs or
tall glasses garnished with a green
onion or cucumber stick. (Makes
seven, one-cup servings; 90 calories
per servings.)
Variations: Omit the diced cu
cumber and substitute one of the
following: Two cups sliced aspara
gus; I1: cups chopped broccoli;
two cups spinich leaves or two cups
grated zucchini.
3 Tablespoon melted butter
3 Tablespoons flour
1 xh cups milk
3 well-beaten egg yolks
Vi teaspoon salt
1 one-pound can salmon (flaked)
3 stiffly beaten egg whites
!4 teaspoon nutmeg
Dash of pepper
Preheat oven to 325 F.
Make white sauce of butter, flour
and milk. Slowly add small amount
of sauce to egg yolks, add remain
ing sauce. Add salt, nutmeg, pepper
and salmon. Fold in whites. Bake
in buttered casserole or individual
baking dishes in slow oven for 45
minutes. Garnish with lemon.
Makes four to six servings.
Support Mom's decision to return to school
Is there a mom in the back-to-school
group at your house this
year?
More women, many of them
mothers of preschool andd school
age children, are returning to
school. This calls for adjustments
by all family members so Mom
doesn't have to carry the burden of
all the work at home as well as the
added tasks of home work.
Family members should support
her in her new venture. They should
realize that the decision to return
to school took courage. Shell be
working hard as a wife, mother and
student.
Women return to school for many
reasons. Many return to prepare
for paying jobs. Others return seek
ing personal fulfillment and per
sonal identity. Moms spend a lot of
time doing for others, keeping the
home life stable, giving themselves
unselfishly so that the other mem
bers of the family can undertake
their endeavors.
If there is a back-to-school mom
in your house this year, be as sup
portive as possible. When tasks are
divided up, offer your help willingly.
When she has a rough day, try to
be patient. When you ask for a last
minute favor and she refuses be
cause of studying for a big exam,
try to be reasonable. When the
clothes aren't clean, instead of ask
ing her when she will wash, pitch in
and do it yourself! When dinner is
late, offer to fix hot dogs and soup.
There are numerous ways to be a
supportive family when Mom goes
back to school. Sometimes it won't
be easy for you and you'll wish she
had never undertaken the task. At
these times try to remember all the
times she has unselfishly helped
you.
Remember, she will be a better
wife and mother for the experience
because she will be a happier and
more fulfilled person.
Use common sense when
wash day comes around
When doing the family laundry,
base the selection of wash water
temperature on several factors
including type of fabrics, degree of
soiling and whether the load con
tains colored or white clothes.
For some very heavily soiled clo
thing and for whites, a hot wash
temperature may be necessary. For
other types of clothing, such as
synthetic fabrics and brightly col
ored clothing, a warm or cold wash
is best.
The rinse temperature is not so
difficult to select. Research has
found that a cold rinse is generally
acceptable for all types of garments.
In addition, regularly using a cold
rinse results in substantial energy
savings on hot water use.
In one research study, switching
from a warm to a cold rinse resulted
in a savings of over 10 percent of
energy costs for the family laundry.
Treatment and prevention of "cancer eye" detailed
Bovine ocular squamous cell
carcinoma, commonly called "can
cer eye", is one of the more serious
problems faced by ranchers today.
Although the disease occurs in sev
eral breeds and some cross-bred
animals, Herefords are most com
monly afflicted. The cause of the
disease is unknown. Genetic pre
disposition of the Hereford breed
together with prolonged exposure
to ultraviolet light in the sunny
climates of the West appear to be
contributory factors, however.
Various forms of thereapy have
been developed to treat cancer eye
including traditional surgery, cry
osurgery (freezing the tumor),
hyperthermia (heating the tumor),
radiation and immunotherapy. The
effectiveness of each of these treat
ments depends on the location of
the tumor and whether it has
invaded the underlying structure.
Normally, tumors in the eyelid
spread more quickly than those on
the eyeball itself. Tumors on the
eyeball tend to grow out from the
surface rather than go in.
Traditional surgery does not al
ways cure the disease. Normally, a
40 to 50 percent recurrence can be
expected. Additionally, cancer may
have spread to the draining lymph
nodes of the lesion (under the ear
and jaw) before surgery and will
continue to grow. A visible lump
below the base of the ear usually
indicates an invasion of the lymph
system. Animals with this condi
tion will be condemned at slaugh
ter. Thus, a one-eyed cow pres
ented at slaughter is always suspect
for cancer.
Hyperthermia and cryosurgery
can be more useful than traditional
surgery if treatment occurs before
the tumor has invaded underlying
structures. These methods can usu
ally save the eye. If extensive inva
sion has occurred, traditional sur
gery should be the treatment of
choice. Radiation has not proven
to be practical in the treeatment of
cancer eye and immunotherapy is
still in the experimental stage.
Two considerations abut cancer
eye treatment: No method is 100
percent sure, and all treatment
should be considered temporary
procedure. For example, treat a
cow with a small calf at side to
allow her to raise the calf and then
sell both in the fall. Heifers should
not be kept because the tendency to
have cancer has relatively high her
itability, and so they can pass it on
to their offspring and future gener
ations. Experience indicates that
once a cow has cancer eye, she will
probably get it again, although it
usually will occur somewhere else
or in the other eye.
Many producers are dismayed
to find animals afflicated with can
cer eye which were clean a few
months previously. This unpleasant
experience can be avoided to a
large degree by learning to recog
nize early eye tumors, wjhich are
not yet cancerous, and treating
them before they turn malignant.
In other words, producers can prac
tice preventive medicine in the case
of cancer eye.
Most people have no trouble
recognizing cancer eye, yet few
recognize benign or precursor le
sions 70 percent of which can
become malignant which are
highly treatable. Precursor lesions
on the eyeball are know n as plaques
or papillomas. They are easily rec
ognized as w hite or pink grow ths at
the edge of the colored part of the
eye. On the eyeball itself, almost all
tumors are on the line where white
; joins black. Few tumors originate
on other parts of the eye. Lesions in
the center of the pupil are usually
the result of pinkeye or physical
damage and are usually not precan
cerous. The third eyelid is the most com
mon site for malignent tumors on
eyelids. On the lower eyelid, these
small tumors are often crusted over
with scab-like material which re
sembles the dried eye matter which
is always present. If the growth
appears to be attached to the eye
lash, it is probably merely dried eye
matter. If the growth appears to be
attached directly to the lid and
removal of the scab reveals a small
growth and perhaps a bit of bleed
ing, then it is probably a precursor
lesion and is highly treatable. Re
member, these precursor lesions
have not yet invaded the deeper
structures. Since they are more
surface-oriented, they are highly
susceptible to treatment. t ,
Multiple tumor br precufsof
lesions (three or more) have been
show n to indicate that a particular
cow i$ prone to have cancer. The
tendency to develop cancer eye is a
highly heritable trait. This was first
reported in 1949 by Dr. John Knox
of New Mexico and has been shown
by various workers since that time.
This heritability level is thought to
be about .30. which is about the
same as for weaning weight. Thus,
selection against cancer eye can be
a relatively effective tool. Do not
save heifers from cows with cancer
eye. particularly if the problem
developed when the cow was young.
Eliminate bulls with this trait.
Brown pigment around the eyes
has been shown to decrease the
incidence of cancer in eyelids. The
brown around the eyes is a some
what heritable trait that can be
selected for.
Preventive medicine is important.
Early recognition and treatment of
benign eye tumors can drastically
reduce the incidence of cancer eye
in any herd. Close observation and
treatment of precancerous lesion,
used in conjunction with god cul
ling practices, can lower the inci
dence of cancer.
I