SpilyayTymoo WarmSprincs.Orf.con n. i7 pack 5
FCL applications available from Extension
Applications for a leadership
course with emphasis on public
policy are available at the warm
Springs Extension office.
Six participants from Central
Oregon will be selected to be part
of eighty Oregon participants at
the Oregon Extension Family Com
munity Leadership Training Insti
tute. The training is open to anyone
regardless of age, sex, race, or reli
gion. Focus ot the leadership train
ing and the goal of the program are
to prepare Oregon citizens to be
involved and effective in solving
community problems.
Participants in 'he program need
no experience but should be inter
ested in community involvement.
They will be asked to pledge two
days per month for one year to
work on local activities of the Fam
ily Community Leadership program.
Three-year-olds a relief
after dealing with twos
Participants who complete 30
hours of instruction and 20 hours
of teaching will be certified as FCL
trainers.
The participants will hear state
and local speakers and work with
elected officials from around the
state. In small group exercises,
they will "learn by doing" how to
form a grassroots organization and
how to make presentations to deci
sion makers.
"Conference participants will have
an opportunity to work in a mock
neighborhood setting and solve a
community problem.'
The Institute will be held at
Menucha Conference and Retreat
Center. Corbett, Oregon October
13-15, 1987. There will be a $25.00
registration fee (plus transporta
tion costs), but meals and lodging
are covered by a grant from the
Kellogg Foundation.
Family Community Leadership
is jointly sponsored by the Oregon
State University Extension Service
and Oregon Extension Homemak
ers Council. For information call:
553-1 161, ext. 238 or 239.
A
Tht Warm Springs Enttmlon
Strvlca provldts tqual acctss to
all Hi activltitt and programs.
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
(TENSION
SGRV.Ce
Eralna Palmer Secretary
Jonl David Program Aide
Arltnt Bolltau Extension Intern
Molllt Marsh Extension Agent
Clay Penhollow Extension
Agent
You'll discover three-year-olds
ire a calm, cooperative relief after
coping with two-year-olds. Around
the third birthday, activity is more
balanced and smooth. But by VA
children again turn non-conformist
and become very strong-willed. A
strong inner drive prompts their
occupation with gaining a sense of
control of who they are and what
they can do and direct. It is
appropriate that they make some
decisions for themselves, but your
patience and understanding will be
challenged as you help them under
stand the necessity for family rou
tines and rules.
Physically, three-year-olds have
increased running, jumping, and
climbing skills. Improved muscu
lar control allows them to balance
on narrow surfaces, use alternate
feet for going up and down stairs,
and manage small objects like but
tons, snaps and zippers. Some
become picky eaters and all openly
assert their likes and dislikes in
food. Parents worry about decreased
appetites but three-year-olds usu
ally need less food as their growth
rate slows.
Socially, three-year-olds are becom
ing more conscious of other peo
ple. They want to be with other
children and show an increased
desire to please others most of the
time. You'll enjoy their willingness
to cooperate with you. While play
ing with others has growing impor
tance, three-year-olds have much
to learn about cooperative play.
They are beginning to share but
still push, shove, or hit to get what
they want. Their social problems
stem from their natural self-centered-ness
and desire to call attention to
themselves. "Look at me! I can ride
the trike better than Billy!" is a bid
for superiority. Help them feel good
about themselves and reduce com
petitiveness with simple responses
like, "You are a real whiz when it
comes to riding a trike."
Three-year-olds rapidly progress
intellectually. Experimenting with
vocabulary building means they
pay more attention to words and
how to make sentences. Have their
hearing checked to insure that words
are heard and spoken correctly.
They enjoy chatting with adults
and asking many questions to satisfy
their curiosity. Keep your answers
simple preschoolers aren't
concerned about scientificexpla nations.
Three-year-olds are learning to
connect ideas and objects. Numbers
and counting, naming objects, colors,
different shapes, animals, and peo
ple are now firmly learned. They
like sorting objects according to
size, shape, and color. When you
look at magazines or books, point
out houses, barns, nests, or stores.
They like to look for happy or
angry people, funny people or ani
mals, dads, moms, babies, or boy
and girls.
Three-year-olds carefully observe
Increase food shelf life with proper storage
A refrigerator can be lull of sur
prises. Wilted lettuce, dried out
cheese, apples which have lost their
crispness, and other similar "sur
prises" inhabit the very best refrig
erators. All are victims of poor
food storage, and they represent
thousands of dollars which con
sumers unknowlingly throw away
each year.
Cash in on proper food storage
by giving groceries a little extra
care when you bring them home
from the supermarket. You'll save
money, and the food you buy will
stay fresh longer, retain more nutri
tional value and remain safe to eat.
Proper food storage really beg
ins at the supermarket because the
way we shop can affect food qual
ity. Many shoppers remember to
put fragile fruits and vegetables on
top of sturdier items in the grocery
cart, but let the ice cream melt
while they wait in line at the bake
shope or deli. A better solution
would be to put frozen and refrig-
bc as snort as possible. When refrige
rated foods sit in the car for any
length of time, they lose quality
and spoilage can begin. So, it's a
good idea to stop at the post office
and library before doing the groc
ery shopping.
At home, "think cold." Frozen
and refrigerated foods require the
most care and should be put away
first. Dairy products, meat, poul
try, fish, most fresh vegetables and
fruits, eggs, and baked goods filled
with custard or whipped cream are
just a few of the many grocery
items which need to be refrigerated
promptly.
Some foods require special han
dling. By taking care of these foods
before you tuck them away in the
refrigerator, youll end up saving
time as well as money. Iceberg let
tuce, for example, keeps better if
you remove the core and store the
on the other hand, can be stored
for a month or more in the refrig
erator. Most fresh meats will keep
several days. Poultry, fish and
ground meats, however, should be
used within one or two days. For
longer storage, it's safer to freeze
these items.
Storing refrigerated foods prop
erly and for the recommended time
period may not be enough, espe
cially if your refrigerator is too
warm. So, it's a good idea to check
the temperature occasionally. Hard
ware stores carry thermometers just
for this purpose, and they can be
left on a shelf inside the referigcra
tor. The thermometer should always
register 34 to 40 degrees F. (I to 5
degrees C). If your refrigerator is
warmer than 40 degrees F., you
need to adjust the temperature con
trol dial to a colder setting.
During the summer, it's a good
idea to keep the refrigerator a little
colder than usual. This is the time
of the year when family members
make frequent trips in and out of
the refrigerator, and many meals
are eaten outdoors. We remember
to protect foods when we picnic
away from home, but tend to forget
that refrigerated foods require spe
cial care when toted only as far
away as the backyard. You can be
sure these foods will be as safe to
eat as they are delicious by taking a
few simple precautions. For back
yard barbecues, leave meat, poul
try and fish in the refrigerator until
the coals are ready. Then, grill just
what you think you'll need and
serve promptly. Wait to bring out
salads and other cold accompani
ments until you're ready to begin
serving.
hpaA in an nirfioht nnnfa'tnr rr
reseaiabie piastk bag Fresh meat. Gardens require moisture control
noullrv and fish which are not nre. ' wi
activities in the home and on televi- erated foods in the cart last, partic
ston. Imitation is the source of ularlyifyou have a lot of shopping
active pretending during play. They to do. You also can ask the person
spend weeks as Superman or straw- baggingyourgroceriestoputrefrige-
berry shortcake. Grown-up tasks rated and frozen foods in the same
are part of play, too, so capitalize bag. These items stay colder during
on their willingness to help with the trip home, and puttng the groc-
doing dishes, making beds, folding cries away becomes less of a chore,
clothes, cooking, and sweeping the The trip between the checkout
floor. counter and your kitchen needs to
poultry and fish which are not pre
packaged need to be rewrappred
and stored in thecoldest part of the
refrigerator or freezer.
Storage items still vary even when
groceries are carefully wrapped and
refrigerated promptly. Berries and
other fragile fruits, for example,
have the best flavor and texture
when eaten within a few days of
purchase. Apples and citrus fruits.
Write down credit purchases
When your end-of-month credit
card statement arrives, do you open
the envelope only to experience
shock while reading the current
balance due?.
,,, Such shock occurs whn, consu
mers forget about some of the
credit card purcnases they've made
during the month. The purchases
consumers most frequently forget
are mail and phone orders charged
to the credit statement until more
than a month or two after they are
made.
Explore alternatives for elder care
"Your mother can no longer live
alone" the doctor says. Most of us
aren't ready to hear that statement,
and have avoided planning for it.
A rash reaction often follows.
You rush home and tell your hus
band you must quit your job to
care full time for your ailing mother.
This is the typical response of an
adult daughter suddenly faced with
the responsibility of "parent-caring."
But it is not always the best response.
There are many problems with
an impulsive decision. Alternatives
have not been explored, other fam
ily members were not consulted,
and most importantly, the aging
parent probably was not included
in the decision-making process.
Such hasty decisions usually are
unwise, bring stress and heartache,
and can be damaging to family
relationships.
Of course, different degrees of
parental dependency require dif
ferent degrees of assistance. But in
any situation, there are several fac
tors to consider when an aging par
ent needs help.
First, it is important to assess
your own abilities and limitations
in being able to help. For example,
you might ask yourself. "Can mother
and I really live happily in the same
house?" Think about what you are
willing and able to give.
Then, consider the impact the
commitment will have on your
own family. It's important to talk
with your spouse and children about
your feelings, concerns, and respon
sibilities for your aging parent.
You need their support.
Another important step is to
listen to your aging parent and
observe carefully so you can decide
together what the needs really are.
All too often aging parents don't
communicate their needs for fear
of losing independence or of becom
ing a burden.
On the other hand, one of the
easiest mistakes that adult children
make is to overreact. Taking too
much responsiblity for an aging
parent robs him or her of that
important feeling of independence.
Also, be sure to involve your
brothers and sisters, if any, in the
decision-making process, even if
they live far away. Sharing respon
sibility with them can prevent over
load for you and possible future
undermining of the present decision.
Once a plan is determined and
set into action it's important to
evaluate its effectiveness. Is it meet
ing the needs it was intended to
meet? How are you being affected?
Is your aging parent happy? Plans
may need to be revised.
It's a mistake to think that mak
ing a decision is a one-time task.
Your needs and abilities, and those
or your parents may change. There
may be further declines or perhaps
a recovery from an illness.
Of course, the main message in
all of this is to be prepared. One of
the most common errors that adult
children and aging parents make is
not looking ahead to times when
parents may need assistance. It's a
good idea to talk with one another
about possible plans and desires
for help before the need exists.
For more information see the
Extension publication, "Aging
Parents: Helping When Health
Fails,"PNW246. Copies are avail
able at the Warm Springs Exten
sion Office.
Not knowing the total amount
of your credit card purchases can
cause mental stress and additional
interest charges if the balance can
not be paid in full.
Avoid credit card statement sur
prises by devising a system for
keeping track of credit card
purchases.
For example, try keeping a credit
card purchase ledger, much like
your checkbook ledger. In this ledger
record all purchases and payments
to your credit card account.
Small ledgers, close to the size of
a credit card, are available at retail
stores. Carry this ledger with your
credit card. Each time a purchase is
charged, record and add it to the
total balance due. Likewise, each
time you make a payment to your
charge account, record and sub
tract it from the balance due.
Even if a credit purchase has not
yet appeared on your statement,
the ledger record will remind you
of a purchase. Your statement will
hold no surprises.
The ledger, along with the credit
purchase receipts, allow you to
check your monthly statement. If
you find a billing error notify the
creditor in writing within 60 days.
The procedure for notifying the
creditor of an error appears on the
monthly billing statement.
Certain home garden vegetable
crops require uniform soil mois
ture to produce top quality material.
Knobbiness in potatoes, bitter
ness in cucumbers or stunted car
rots may be due to alternating
moist and dry conditions in garden
soil.
There are certain times in the life
of a vegetable when adequate water
is extremely important. Potatoes
become knobby when garden soil
get dries between waterings during
mid-summer. The knobby effect
occurs because the spuds grow in
spurts, growing when there is mois
ture, and slowing to a snail's pace
when they are dry.
Cucumbers and lettuce are gene
rally bitter because of genetic par
entage, but they will be more bitter
if they've had to suffer from lack of
water during their vigorous grow
ing stages.
Carrots and parsnips grown in
soil with fluctuating moisture lev
els will be badly formed and hardl)
what you are expecting when it
comes time to harvest.
Maintain an even moisture con
tent level in your garden soil by
watering regularly, controlling moisture-robbing
weeds and by using
mulches to save the moisture in the
soil.
Apply at least one-half inch of
water at each watering. Measure
the amount of water by placing a
shallow pan inside the garden sprink
ler pattern. Stop watering when the
pan has caught one-half inch of
water or more. Then, a day later,
dig down into the garden soil to see
how deep the water, penetrated.
Most garden vegetables need water
penetration at least six inches down
in the soil for plant roots to grow
properly.
Water frequently enough to keep
garden soil moist to a depth of six
inches.
There is no substitute for proper
watering.
Servicing protects VCR s
Prolong the life of your VCR
and cut down on servicing costs by
cleaning the heads periodically with
special head-cleaning cassettes.
They're available where
videocassettes are sold and cost
from $15 to $25. Be sure to follow
the directions and recommendations
for cleaning. Cleaning heads too
often can actually cause them to
wear faster. Also, rewind all cassettes
and store in their jackets to cut
down on dust and other
contaminants.
Pinkeye summertime threat
Home equity loans popular now
The fly season is upon us and
there is the increased need to watch
for any eye problems with live
stock. One of the best deterrents is
to use insecticide ear tags for cattle.
There have been excellent successes
with these products in the past.
Other techniques include fly sprays
and dust bags and also the use of
the new pink eye vaccines. Vac
cines should be used after consult
ing your local veterinarian as to the
best time to innoculate. Normally
this is when calves are young. Two
shots are needed. Producers should
try to prevent the problem before it
occurs. Then the animal may not
loose an eye or develop cancer eye.
As the income tax deductibility
of consumer interest is phased out,
many consumers will consider using
home equity loans when purchas
ing expensive consumer items.
Mortgage interest paid on home
equity loans will be deductible on
federal income tax returns on first
and second homes, but in most
instances only on loans that don't
exceed the purchase price of the
home plus improvements. However,
if audited, the taxpayer will need
proof of the purchase price plus the
improvements.
An improvement is a replace
ment or addition which adds to the
value or prolongs the life of your
house. For example, new plumb
ing, landscaping, a new furnace or
storm windows are improvements.
But the cost of painting, cleaning
and repair are ordinary mainte
nance expenses, not improvements.
Most people have a copy of the
original purchase contract which is
proof of the purchase price. How
ever, they are less apt to have
records of the improvements added
over the years. Now's the time to
pull those records together, so you
will have them if at some future
time you are considering a home
equity loan.
Body heat can cause heat strokes
Regular check-ups can prevent gum disease
M ore and more children are grow
ing up these days with few, if any,
cavities, thanks to the widespread
use of decay-preventive fiouride in
toothpastes, mouthrinses and com
munity water systems.
But these children may grow up
to lose their teeth to another dental
problem-periodental, or gum,
disease.
Gum disease affects the gums,
bones and other supporting struc
tures of the teeth, if left untreated,
it can cuase infections that ulti
mately destroy the bone support
ing the teeth.
Although gum disease is com
monly thought of as a disease affect
ing older people, children as young
as 12 may be stricken by a form of
juvenile periodontosis. In young
patients with gum disease, the loss
of the supporting bone may be so
rapid that many or all of the teeth
may be lost by age 30.
The causes of gum disease are
much the same for children as for
adults. In both age groups, early
detection is important to prevent
tooth loss.
Gum disease strikes three out of
four adults over the age of 35.
Good dental habits and regular
check-ups can help keep teeth healthy
for a lifetime.
Beef cattle management tips for July
Continue mineral supplementa
tions (especially selenium and salt).
Monitor water sources so that
adequate water is supplied during
the hot summer season.
Watch for pink eye and other eye
problems.
Monitor range and pasture con
ditions to determine when the for
age uppiy may dry up or become
short as this may dictate the need
to sell feeders and calves at an ear
lier time to attain the optimum
profit margin.
Determine forage and hay needs
for the fall and winter seasons and
begin identifying sources and sec
uring winter hav needs.
Although most everyone looks
forward to the warmer days of
summer, extreme heat can mean
trouble for the elderly, especially
those who have had strokes, have
diabetes, or heart and circulatory
disease.
During hot and humid weather,
a build-up of body heat can cause
heat stroke or heat exhaustion.
Heat stroke is a medical emer
gency requiring immediate treat
ment by a doctor. Symptoms include
faintness, headache, nausea, loss of
consciousness, body temperature
of 104 degrees or higher, rapid
pulse, and flushed skin.
Heat exhaustion takes longer to
develop and may be more difficult
to detect. It results from a loss of
body water and salt. Symptoms
include weakness, heavy sweating,
nausea, and giddiness. The treat
ment is drinking cool liquids and
bed rest away from the heat.
Both of these illnesses can be
avoided by staying cool. Remain
indoors in an air-conditioned room
or go to a cool public area if your
home is not air-conditioned.
Take cool baths or showers, place
ice bags or wet towels on your
body, and use electric fans, taking
care to avoid electric shock.
Avoid strenous activity, and wear
light-weight, loose-fitting clothing.
Also drink plenty of liquids to
replace lost fluids. Water, iced tea.
and fruit juices are the best. Avoid
beverages that contain alcohol and
excess sodium. The sodium can
complicate existing medical prob
lems, such as high blood pressure.
Most important, take the heat
seriously and don't ignore danger
signals like nausea, dizziness and
fatigue.
Suspected child abuse should be reported
Beware of errors in hospital bills
We may not have direct control
over the high cost of hospitali
zaton, but we do have control over
paying for w hat we get or dont get.
According to a 41 state study by
Fquifax Sen ices. 98 percent of the
3.850 bills they reviewed contained
errors. If you or a family member is
hospitalized, ask lor a copy of the
bill, even if you're covered by health
insurance. Look over the bill and
make sure you weren't charged for
treatments you never receiv ed. Dont
be afraid to ask for definitions of
terms you dont understand.
Repeated injuries bruises (often
different colors), welts, burns. Injury
inconsistent with explanation.
Parents may seem unconcerned,
deny that anything is wrong, or
give unlikely explanations.
Neglected appearance often ma
nifested through lack of supervi
sion, lack of adequate clothing or
good hygiene, lack of medical or
dental care, chronic absence from
school. Sometimes, though, over
neatness may be a sign of abuse.
Disruptive behavior very aggres
sive, negative behavior constantly
repeated can signal a desperate
need for attention and help.
Passive, withdrawn behavior
When children are excessively shy
and friendless, it may indicate that
there are serious problems at home.
Parents w ho are"super-critical"-critical
parents who discipline their
children frequently and severely
may begin to abuse when their
unrealistic standards are not met.
Families that are extremely
isolated parents who dont share
in school or community activities
and resent friendly contacts may be
distrustful of people, afraid of their
help.
wno to contact it you suspect
child abuse Call either your local
law enforcement agency (the police)
or the Children's Services Division.
Seek help for abused
Child abuse is not a pretty sub
ject, and the more I read about it
and hear about it. the sadder and
angrier I become. Child abuse is
not "new,"nor is it on the upswing
it's just being publicized more, and
rightly so. It is more common than
you think, so I'm including some
signs to look for.
Important Use caution and good
sense in identifying child abuse.
Every parent makes errors in judge
ment and action at some time, but
when it seems plain toyou that this
is a pattern or becoming one. it's
time for help.
J