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About Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 1, 1957)
THE CAPITAU JOURWAU galem, Oregon', Friday, February I, 1957' . rage 8 i , nnstwar crime problem rconfronlcd the FBI and local enforcement officers in the nf Wor d War II, Director i. Edgar Hoover had said in 1944: "it Is well lo analyze the con ditions (hat breed crime today, in order that we may prevent it to morrow. One of the primary causes of the alarming increase in crime among our young people, for example, has been the disintegra tion of the home as a guiding in fluence. "The tremendous number of parents who have entered the armed services and war industries no longer can exercise sufficient control over their sons and daugh ters." Much of the crime increase eould be accounted for by the in crease in the nation's population. But that wasn't the whole answer by any mears. From 1945 to 1955. population increased 24 3 per cent while crime increased 44.5 per cent. Juvenile Rate High A few statistics tell a part of the story. The major crimes com mitted in .135 cities in the prewar years 19.17-1939 averaged 630,257 each year. These were crimes of murder, manslaughter, rape, rob ber)', aggravated assault, burg lary, larceny and automobile theft. It these same cities, the major crimes in the post-war years 1946- 1955 averaged almost 800.000 each year. In 1955, a serious crime was comittcd on an average of every IS 9 seconds. The most shameful part of the postwar crime record was the number of teen-age children in volved in major law violations Boys and girls under 18 were in volved in 42.3 per cent of the ar rests made for major crimes; and almost half of these were under 15. The reports showed that 62.2 per cent of those arrested in 1935 for automobile thefts and 52.7 per cent of those arrested for burg lary had not reached their 18th birthday. The hare statistics standing by themselves gave Iho frightening Impression that young people had no moral restraints and were run ning wild. Such an impression was false, of course, but the situation was disgraceful and there was-confusion across the land. ; FBI Starts School As early as 1946, Hoover consid ered the problem so pressing thnt he: directed the organization of an FBI .luvcnilc Delinquency Instruc tors School in which special agents were assigned to a broad research project, supplemented by lectures lrom well-known authorities in the field of juvenile delinquency. The information gathered in these sludics is being made avail able through FBI training schools to police departments to help them In developing their own programs to combat juvenile delinquency. . One of the most misundcrslnnd acets of law enforcement is the FBI's responsibilities and limita tions in the field of civil rights, nill of Rghls The Constitutional amendments known as the Bill of Rights pro vide for freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly and peti tion; freedom lo keep and hear arms, from enforced quartering of troops, from unlawful search and seizure: freedom from being a wit ness against oneself; freedom from excessive bail or fines; from being deprived of due process; from cruel and unusual punish ment; and I lie right to a speedy and public trial by jury. These arc primarily guarantees against oppression n( individuals by the federal government. The relation ships helween private persons arc matters which are largely re served lo the slates. Thus a mull might lynch a vic tim in violation nl every concept . of decency and lair play, but this action does not necessarily mean that the mob has violated a fed eral law. And unless a ledernl law is violated, the FBI has no juris diction. Basic Laws Cited The two basic civil rights sta tutes which more or less form Ihc framework of Ihe FBI's rospnnsi- J A A rfi- ' , 1 ... . -T, ,., rv. . ; I vision of Vocational Rchabilitat- l&tl''' J ' T' : - "v' ? , V Application has been made for gjnltTXS gjjlSlf'Jiii. t Hjxlli 1 "T ' ' '. ' . J. $108,150 to finance the first year Kf$1ft' . ; -H V- ' - 1 "f ,he '"Eral"' The asdics said 1AWjS iJttrFP atwrJ'wi4Wai ' ;!" ..' ; ? ' federal officials arc regarding the OVy&-ti ,t(S? ... - project favorably. A decision is I ' WJVl 3 V. $c$A,.f 1 ' -J erected sometime next month, f Xj?W i?23Sb$1TO 1 The agenci. said such a study r. . - t 1 w?'y-ir . j ''Zs. J2Uw. ""ritoi.'iW'jri i iteadm I " W -1 "f. ' aT m. -.tit kv Till tmt'. fct . : .flVTV ii'jyU to test validity of the RARnorrtVH.I.E, Ky. This aerial view shows dnuntnnn Bar bnurvlllr In the rlp ol the rampailng Cumberland river today. An pllmRtedOO persons linvr hern rvnriinled rrnm the commun ity, About three-quarters of the town, all ol Ihc business irrllon, Story- oblem of Juvenile nmr i ' i,AWl Mi Artist's conception of the bloody scene on a lonely Carolina rent! as Willie Karlc was beaten, stabbed and shot to death after his arrest as sus hilities in this field arc found in Sections 241 and 242 of Title 18, United States Code. Section 241 deals for the most part wilh in voluntary servitude, peonage and voting rights. Seclion 242 applies largely to the actions of law en forcement officers who, "under color of law," wilfully deny a per son the righls guaranteed by law and the Constitution. Heavy pressure was put on the federal government in 1955 to have the FBI investigate the murder of Fmmett Louis Till, a 14-ycar-nld Negro youth from Chicago who was slain in Mississippi after he allegedly made indecent remarks to a whito woman. The Just ice Department's crimi nal Division decided that the FBI should not enter the case, l.oenl Prejudice The reasoning behind Ihis deci sion was thai while murder no doubt had been done, the federal government had no authority lo investigate and prosecute murder unless a federal law bad been vio lated. Unless and until Congress passed a law covering .such cases. roucral intervention would be an invasion of states' riglils. One of the greatest barriers en countered by the FBI in civil riglils violations has been local prejudice. Juries have refused to convict even when defendants con fessed. In 1947 ill South Carolina, a cab driver was fatally slabbed near Ihe town of Liberty. A Negro sus pect named illie l-.arte was ar rested and Inken In Ihe Pickens counly jail for qiieslioning. He pro tested his innocence. Word of the arrest spread. Soon num armed Willi shotguns ind knives was racing lor the jail. Karlc was dragged from his cell and pushed into an automobile. I Near Ihe Saluda Dam the caravan lulled anil the prisoner "con-; lessen to ine entile. The mob beat Willie Karlc and slabbed him Willi knives. Finally shotgun blasts snulfed out Ihc last small flame of life. I'nntrssinns fi-onl fi The Justice Department author ized Hie FBI to rnndiirl a full in- I vcstigalum because Karlc had , Flood Damage pect In killing of laxl driver. Although Investi gation by FBI and local police led to 28 arrests and 26 confessions, jury acquitted nil of accused. been in custody of an officer and there was a possibility that his civil rights had been denied "un der color of law" by his jailer's willingly giving help lo the job or being derelict in his duty. The FBI's investigation exonerated the jailer. In the investigation, 20 persons were arrested and 26 confessed to taking part in the lynching. The defense offered no testimony. But the Jury found all 28 defendants "not guilty" despite the confes sions. Whenever a police officer or an official of a stale institution is ac cused of a possible civil rights vio lation, the FBI invesligates if the Criminal Division of the Justce Department so instructs. New Attitude Noted For Ihe most part, the FBI has found local law enforcement offi cers willing lo cooperate in civil rights invesligalions. An attitude has developed and is growing that if a police officer Uranium Map rheft Admitted DKNVF.lt (UP) A former ow. Atomic Koorgy Commission gcol- The mylh persisted and was ogist pleaded guilty in Federal ' brought li) Pennsylvania by early Court yesterday lo a charge thnt German settlers. There, the belief ho stole an AKC uranium cxplnra-! look on new facets with the Gcr lion map possibly worlh $10 ! mans reasoning that if the sun million and sold it to private! shone on Feb. 2 a wise animal like prospectors. (he ground hog would see its John P. Kellogg. 3(1, of Grand i shadow and hurry back into its Junction, Colo., where Ihe A KC burrow for another six weeks. ihas an operations office, changed plea nt innocent lo a seeonil hi, dielinent of guilty. AKC oflicials said uranium on ihe land covered by Ihe stolen map might be worth $10 million A DOC. WAS NOT THE GOAT DETROIT (l'I')-A suburban Troy woman called police and (old lliem a dog was chewing up her , shrubbery. Skeptical officers went 1 to her house nnd captured a goat which was cropping the foliage. I anil much ot Ihe resiilrntlnl area ere tbnJeil. Ihe river was till rlstne anil I noil I Inches hrlow the all-lime record of 42 (eel, (AP Vtlrrplmtnl Crime has treated a prisoner brutally and denied him his civil rights, then the officer deserves to lie exposed, punished and fired for the good of the entire force and law enforce ment generally. But if the charges are untrue, then the officer's inno cence should be established beyond doubt. tToinorrow: The Great Illusion.) Groundhog Day Had Its Origin in Scotland Centuries Ago By BEN DEFOREST PUNXSUTAWNEY, Pa. W) Centuries ago, when Roman leg ionnaires invaded Scotland, they heard this couplet in the high lands: It Candlemas Day is bright and clear, 7 There'll be two winters in the year. Candlemas Day falls each Feb. 2 when a religious feast is held to commemorate the Purification of the Virgin Mary. Carried back across the Channel by Ihc Unmans, Ihe saying was absorbed in (he German culture. Kmploying a bit of logic, the Ger mans came to the conclusion that if Candlemas Day is bright and clear animals would cast a shnd- This six weeks was interpreted by ine Hermans 10 no ine seconu winter pt-ophesizeu in the myin. Then, one brisk fall day hack ip WJS, seven men from Punxsu lawney, a community of 10,000 about 100 miles northeast of Pitts burgh decided to trudge up a nearby hill to drink beer and cat ground hog. They stopped on the way nnd purchased a keg of beer at a brewery. They lugged Ihe keg lo the top of the hill where they routed a ground hog from its Hatch Claims Self -Defense In Death Case THE DALLES Ufi Gene Calvin Hatch, 21, of Yakima, testified at his tecond degree murder trial here Thursday that he killed Wal ter Freeborn, 75, in self defense. Hatch said that he became in volved in a fight with Freeborn, his employer, on the night of Oct. 14, after he had been at a tavern where he had drunk two glasses of beer. He said the fight occurred In a trailer where the two men were living. It began, Hatch said, when he went to a closet to get his clothing in preparation for leav ing. Hatch testified that Freeborn, who was partly paralyzed, slam med the closet door shut on his head with his cane. In the subse quent fight, Hatch said, he punch ed Freeborn, broke a jar over his head and stabbed him with a pen knife. Hatch said he left the body in the trailer which he towed to Yakima. Freeborn's body was found buried in an area 22. miles south of Toppenish, Wash., and the trailer later was burned at Yakima. Hatch also testified that two statements given to police after his arrest were "not accurate.' These statements, which the pros ccution contends are confessions, were admitted as evidence Wed nesday. Navy 'Goofed,9 Sudor Let Out For Pregnancy PORTLAND, Me. (UP) The Navy is studying a miscarriage of administrative justice which discharged a healthy male sailor by reason of "pregnancy. The error turned up when the sailor, whom the Navy flatly re fuses to name, attempted to re- enlist. The records of his previous enlistment plainly show the rea son for his "honorable" discharge as "pregnancy." But the Navy doctor who exam ined the prospective enlistee said the reason has to be wrong. Lt. Clyde Colts of Ripley, Tenn., said he could find no evidence of preg nancy when he gave the sailor a thorough pre-enlistment checkup. Instead he described the sailor as a perfectly healthy male in every respect. burrow, killed it, skinned it then fried and ate the meat,. The men enjoyed the outing so much they decided to continue on a ycar-by-ycar basis and the local newspaper began to refer to the group as the Ground Hog Club. Eventually, the club began hold ing its celebrations on Feb. 2, af ter Clymer H. Freas, city editor of Ihe Punxsutawncy Spirit, bragged that the Punxsutawncy ground hog "The Seer of Gob bler's Knob" could forecast whether Ihcre would be a second winter when he emerged from his burrow. If The Seer spots his shadow he returns lo his burrow and there'll Mental Patient Rehabilitation Study Planned PORTLAND (UP) Four Ore gon agencies announced plans to day for a proposed four-year study of mental hospital patient reha bilitation, said lo be the first at tempt by a Western state to con duct a complete program of this lype. The study would cost an csti mated $81X1.000. Financing would come from a grant by the U. S. Department of Health. Education and Welfare. Some 1200 mental patients would be involved. Oregon sponsors of the project include the State Board of Health. Public Welfare Commission, t h e State hospital nnd Ihe State Di issions accounted for 3080 of the 7179 persons taken into the two slate hospitals during the past two years, the announcement said. Patients from only two counties would be involved since the proj ect would be experimental. Some 400 to POO patients from one county would be studied and an equal number from another similar counly would serve as "controls findings. nrm CORVAM.IS ifl Oreaon State College will hold free sheep shear in3 classes at The Dalles. Prine- ville and Corvallis this spring. The two-day -lasses will be un der the direction of John Landers. ' OSC animal husbandry specialist, 'and rnul Rutland. OSC shepherd I Youngsters may attend if they are large enough to hold and I shear i sheep. j r,.,,.-...w,-w- ijj i ijt i.ipjillipi p Ui ji Hilling !'(.. '1)1 i ',' l"i!'BL '.' - ' t , t ' jc:&Sv ": ." i. ': : ' '&J WW O1 TLJESS i NEW YORK Author Ernest Hemingway and his wife, Mary, stand at the rail of the liner He ife France yesterday on arrival from Europe Ontario Man Dies of Cold ONTARIO (UP) Death of 71- year-old Arthur Morilon near here last night was attributed today to near-zero temperatures by Mal heur County Coroner George C. Beechler. Morilon's death was believed to be the first in the state due di rectly to the freezing cold. Beechler said the elderly man's body was found in a sitting po be six more weeks of winter. If he doesn't see a shadow, he'll not return to his burrow and there will be a mild spring. The Ground Hog Club grew in numbers and prestige. Members now indignantly refer to other forecasting ground hogs and their followers as "impostors." The chief competitors are in Qunrry the faithful up Gobbler's Knob to Arrive From Europe where they spent the past five months. They will leave today for their home in Cuba. (AP Wire-photo) sition at the front door of his cabin with the feet in the snow outside. A wood burning heater in dicated the fire had gone out many hours before the body was found. , Temperatures dropped to 5 de grees last night in the Ontario region but had been much colder earlier in the week. Lafayette was born 200 years ago. His birthplace, the Chateau do Chavignac in the Auvergne seclion of France, still attracts many American tourists. villc, Pa., Allcntown, Pa., Arkan sas and Wisconsin. The Punxsutawncy club grew to national prominence under the leadership of the lale Dr. Frank A. Lorenzo, a country doctor. After his death, the club presi dency passed to Samuel R. Light a Punxsutawncy coal, operator and bird dog fancier. Now each Feb. 2, Light leads BUILT-IN SUPERCHARGER! A Studebaker-Packard exclusive so good other cars will have to copy it! It s like having two engines in one an economical engine for normal driving, and, when you want it, a super-powered engine for acceleration ... for safer passing, hill-climbing and high altitude operation. Today, only Studehaker-Packard brings you an engine with a built-in super charger which has been tested and proved in service. Already, its high efficiency and remarkable performance have shown it to be the power plant of the future. Here, graphically, is proof: You can see how much more power the supercharged engine has in reserve for instant acceleration at any speed-when you need it Sec for yourself-test-drive a supercharged Golden Hawk or one of the Packard Clipper sedans or station wagons at your Studebaker-Packard dealer's today. Studebaker-Packard CORPORATION tf(&i6jtoti& (tfl'crmanjfi, comet te&f KONESTEELE SALES & SERVICE .'?70 N. Church St.. Salnn. Ore. Four Children Perish in Fire EAST CANDIA, N. H. W -Four sleeping children perished Fri day in a flash fire that roared through their rural home in this small southern New Hampshire town. Their parents and three other children leaped to safety through a window after trying unsuccess fully to rescue the others. pay homage to the great prognos- licator and to announce his fore cast from the Weather Capital of the World. Club members and their gdests (such as out-of-town newsmen and celebrities) then drink beer, eat and watch the entertainers. The affair is stag. Oil, yes, there's ground hog on the menu. Club members say it's The acceleration curves shown on this chart were obtained by plot ting miles-per-hour against time, in seconds. The solid line shows the performance of Studcbaker's super charged Golden Hawk. The dotted line is the performance curve for the average American family sedan. Notice how much steeper the Studebaker curve is. It's the direct result of the supercharger pouring pressurized fuel-air mixture into the engine. Death Penalty Abolition Bill Sent to House A bill providing for life impri sonment instead of death for con viction of first degree murder or treason was introduced in the Ore gon House today. Signing the bill were Reps, Robert Duncan, Medford? George Layman, Newberg; Keith Skelton, Eugene: Don Willner, Portland; and Sens. Monroe Sweetland, Mil waukie; and Dan Dimick, Rose burg. A companion House joint reso lution would amend the Oregon constitution to substitute life im prisonment for the death penalty. The bill would become effective if the constitutional change was approved by the people in the 1958 general election. Gov. Robert D. Holmes asked for abolition of the death penalty as "uncivilized" in his inaugural address. The bill would further provida for a 25-year sentence instead of life for second degree murder. A person convicted of first de gree murder would be ineligible for parole until he had served IS years instead of the present seven years. He would also have to have the unanimous consent of the pa role board after a public bearing on his case. The death sentence could only be enforced for first degree mur der committed while a person was under sentence of life imprison ment. ' Three men James Norman Jensen, George Sack and Billy Junior Nunn are currently under death sentences at the state peni tentiary. Gov. Holmes has not yet announced if he has any plans in their cases. Ship Crews Idle in Tribute to Lundeberg SAN FRANCISCO W West Coast seamen on ships in port stopped work for 24 hours start ing Wednesday midnight in tribute to Harry Lundeberg, union leader who died Monday of a heart at tack. Services for Lundeberg, 55-year- old head of the Sailors' Union of the Pacific and the Seafarers In ternational Union, were held Thursday at the C. A. Anderson Mortuary here. Burial was to fol low in Olivet Memorial Park in nearby Colma. delicacy if properly prepared. Want to try some Here's what you do: 1. Catch a ground hog. 2. Skin it and cut it up. - - . - 3. Parboil the meat in soda water. 4. Roll it in flour. 5. Fry it to a luscious brown in deep butter fat. 6. Eat it.' t LC.