Capital journal., May 21, 1954, Page 4, Image 4

THR CAPITAL JOURNAL, Salem, Oregon
Friday, May 21. 1954
: Page 4-SECTION I
Capital jkjJourhal
, ; An Independent Newspaper Established 1888
BERNARD MAINWARING, Editor and Publisher
GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor Emeritus
' Published every afternoon except Sunday at 280 North ,
Church St.' Phone 2-2406.
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TRIALS MUST BE PUBLIC
When a young New ork society punk vas being tried on a
vice charge last year and the judee shut the public out of the
court room so the New York newspapers couldn't pander the
filth to a morbid public we well recall that this newspaper
was about ,the only one in the country to say a good word for
the judge.' Wrong in principle, we admitted, but justifiable
under the circumstances.
Jelke was convicted on plenty of evidence, and now the
appellate court in New York has reversed the conviction be
cause the constitutional guarantee of "a speedy and public
trial" was not given the defendant. So it will all have to be
endured again, with ample publicity.
However, more than an abstraction was involved in the
public trial principle, a point the layman, including this edi
tor, overlooked at the time. The majority opinion in the three
to two decision said in part: '
' "Any person acquainted with the prosecution of crime knows
that many a witness who may testify glibly and falsely in the
secrecy of a grand jury room will invariably refuse or be reluctant
to give the same untrue testimony upon the trial in open court
When such testimony is publicly given, the witness well knows
there may be persons who can and will come forward to testify to
the true facts." . ,
The point is that evidence heard in public-and reported to
the public is more likely to be true than evidence offered
in a private hearing, so there is some reason- to suspect the
justice of a private trial, such as Jelke was given.
The decision was three to two, so it is evident that there is
a difference of opinion among the judiciary as well as among
the laymen. But the effect of this decision will be to discour
age private sessions of courts at all levels from coast to coast.
And this will be generally good, despite an occasional filthy
case that ought in the interests of public decency to be pri
vate But who is to decide and how are we to avoid worse
abuses that secrecy in government activity always invites?
VOTING THE TEEN-AGERS ' ' "
" Senator Richard B. Russell of Georgia, unofficial spokesman
of a bloc of Southern Democrats and one pf the ablest of our
' senators, is leading the fight against President Eisenhower's
proposed constitutional amendment to lower the voting age
from 21 Years to 18 on the ground that it is "the most inex
cusable infringement of the rights of the state that I can
"Georgia is the only state which now permits 18-year-olds
n vntp -Russell savs. "it has worked well" there, but he
added that the voting age is a matter for individual states to
th Constitution and should remain so.
He said the constitutional
lef lection on almost every .
because "it asserts they are not
The proposed amendment "would bar any state from deny
ing or abridging the right to vote to citizens oinerwiso iu.u:
fied who are 18 or older. It was approved by the senate
judiciary committee by a vote of 7 to 3 March 15. its prin
cipal, champion in the committee was Senator Langer (R-
The state's rights advocates
the proposed amendment. Others oppose it on ine gi.
that the average 18-year-old is not mentally matured enough
to vote intelligently and ignorant voters who do not know
what it is all about are easily influenced and swayed by
emotional, prejudicial, unprincipled demagogues intent only
on the spoils of office. These are all for voting the bobby
soxers and teen-agers. G. P.
'OLD DEV LOSES IN IRELAND
Irish voters this week ousted from national leadership Prime
Miuior Vomnn Tip Valera. the most colorful Irishman of
this century, probably for the last time, for "old Dev" is now
74 and nearly blind. His opponent, John A. Costello will
head the next government in Dublin.
De Valera, New York born and bearing the name ofa Span
ish father, was one of the heroes of Ireland's struggle for in
dependence. This made him the natural leader of the Irish
government back in the twenties, but he was able to remain
in control narly all the time until now through his Finna Fail
rmnn nf dnitinv YjflrtV.
Some past Irish election fights have been dillies, but press
reports do not Indicate that this one was, or that any great
issue was decided. Violently anti-British in speech through
v r Vnlpm soenis to have gotten along rather
. amicably in recent years with his neighbors across the Irish
: j ,., 4v.o -Ri.iii.ih Hpvil couldn't remain indefinitely
as a winning election issue after
One suspects that the deciding factor in Dc Valera s fall
was his age, his infirmities, a feeling that it was time to turn
p,mttor loaHprshin It would be interesting to know what
another famous politician, name of Churchill, thinks of this
election, and what he will write to "old Dev." For undoubt
i,p will write n -friendly Dcrsonnl note and anticipate be
fore too long a return message
stayed longer than was good
than was best for their countries.
PUBLIC POWER VOTE TODAY
One of the most significant matters being decided in today's
ip,.iin i a mihlic oower fifiht in Union County where a
PUD is seeking authority from the: voters to purchase the
local facilities of the California-Pacific Utilities Company for
$4,500,000. ' . t. .
An interesting angle, which may decide the result, is that
the PUD is going to have to pay about twice as much as the
property is presently valued
This means that the patrons are
on twice as big an investment
pav interest on now.
Tho PUD will eain important tax advantages, of course,
which are probably not sufficient to offset the price, which
' was fixed after court hearing. The-vote will be interesting
to watch for evidence of public
Postoffice Foolishness
(Stavton Mail)
Condon, Gilliam-county's seat
of government, broke into the na
tion's headlines last week because
of its protest against a proposal
from Washington that would al
low $215,000 for erection of a new
postoffice at Condon. ,
We. in Stavton, know how fool
ish was this federal proposal, uur
new postoffice serving 1800 in
town patrons ost less than ten
per cent of the sum menttoiied
for Condon, population 1200. ,
It would be interesting to learn
t7Ml On Ttor, 111.00. Bp Mall IP
Qui tut. M OO. P Mall Ouuxi. Off:
riar. 115.0. I '
amendment proposal , "is a direct
governor and state legislature
capable of fixing xne reguia-
are not the only opponents of
he had departed from all but
in similar vein. Both men have
for them and possibly longer
at for rate maKing purposes.
going to have to pay interest
as they are being required to
thinking on public power,
whv these collossol estimates are
released in Washington. Our
readers will recall how a similar
release some years axo listed
Stavton, among other Willamette
valley towns, as eligible for an
$85,000 structure. That was pre-
postrous, too, only we are not so
ruRKcdly individual ns the Con
uoniU's and said nothing.
So far as we've observed. Wash
ington including our senators
and congressmen have not come
up with an explanation of such
foolishness, which we thought
would cna with the New Deal
demise.
v.
jjjj '''''
WASHINGTON MERRY
H.S.T. Tells How He Handled
Wartime Investigation Job
By DREW
WASHINGTON Ex-President
Truman was breakfasting in
Washington last week when
democratic chairman Steve Mit
chell brought him over to a table
occupied by democrats Lee Met
calf of Montana, Don Mitchell of
Iowa, Jay Turner of the District
of Columbia, and Ward Clark of
South Dakota.
The conversation turned to the
McCarthy hearings and the ques
tion of - whether investigating
senators Should get confidential
information from President
Eisenhower. -
"There is always a tendency on
the part of congressional commit
tees to try to get information from
the excutive branch of the gov
ernment,"- commented the ex-
president ' and ex-senator. "When
I was in congress I guess we tried
to do the same thing.
But this fellow, he continued.
referring to McCarthy, "is not
only trying to get information.
He's trying to embarrass his own
party.
I was chairman of that same
committee during the war," said
Truman. "In fact, I started the
committee which he now heads.
What we were trying to do was
keep people from stealing money
by the shovelful.
And what I did was go to the
White House every week or so to
see President Roosevelt. I'd call
attention to certain people who
were doing something improper,
and Roosevelt would make a note
the whole thing. Then in a
week or so I'd 'go back to check
on what he had found out.
Sometimes Roosevelt was able
to report that things were straight
ened out. But sometimes he would
say: 'Well, Harry. I haven't been
able to do a thing. You'll just
nave to lane care ol the S.O.B.' "
Alter the ex-Dresident left thp
breakfast table, Jay Turner re
marked:
And Truman went on to the
White House while McCarthy has
gone 10 me aognouse.
Dusted Off Filei
Senators who read the lenEthv
memo sent uiem Dy Attorney Ucn
eral Brownell showing whv the
high-level justice department con
ference could not be published did
not know that most of the republi
can memo was actually written by
the democrats.
"All Brownell had to do was
reach into the files and dust off
that memorandum," commented
former Attorney General Howard
McGralh, who served under Tru
man. "We had that memo in the
files for years. All Brownell had
to do was change a few words
and bring it up to date."
Note The memo went back to
the days of Georuo Washington in
showing why presidents of the
United States did not have to re
veal 'confidential matters to con'
gross.
Vice President for McCarthy
Most democrats will agree, at
least privately, that President
Eisenhower has the right to ban
testimony about the high-level
justice department conference on
Joe McCarthy. Furthermore, few
republicans, except for the ardent
McCarthy rooters, will privately
disagree.
For every President must re
serve the risht to have advisers
confer confidentially, and the fact
is that various extremely import
ant ' conferences have been held
both at the justice department and
the White House regarding the
biggest political pain-ln-the-ncck
Eisenhower has developed the
irreverent, uncontrollable, unpre
dictable senator from Wisconsin.
The man who officiated at many
of these conferences was deputy
THE OLD FIREHORSE
- GO - ROUND
PEARSON
Attorney General William Rogers,
likable, able, but an appeaser as
far as McCarthy . is concerned.
Rogers first got to know Mc
Carthy when he, Rogers, was coun
sel for the McCarthy investigating
committee when it was headed
by kindly, fairminded Clyde Hoey,
late senator from North Carolina.
Just as CBS has a vice president
to worry about the unpredictable
Arthur Godfrey.so the Eisenhower
administration has bad almost
full-time man to worry about Mc
Carthy. Chief difference is that
Godfrey makes money for CBS,
McCarthy makes headaches.
Rogers has spent hours with
McCarthy, has had him come out
to his home in the evenings, once
went all the way to Miami to try
to work out a compromise. Rogers
has done everything under the sun
to get along with McCarthy. The
only thing he hasn't done is stand
up to hiin until quite recently. :
This week, however, he learned
that appeasement doesn't pay
when dealing with dictatorial
minds. For when the White House
and the justice department ruled
against publication of testimony
regarding the high-level confer
ence, McCarthy went opt of his
way to knock the man who had
befriended him. He accused Rog
ers of "cooking up a smear."
Note If Eisenhower let , Army
counsel Adams testify about the
much-publicized conference at the
justice department, it would open
the door to testimony of other
high-level conference and
have been plenty of them.
there
Mercy, Red Style
St. Louis Globe-Democrat
The litter callousness of the Sov
iet system was clearly evident in
the Reds refusal at Dien Bien
Phu to permit removal of hundreds
of troops who were seriously
wounded defending the fortress.
In defiance of modern warfare's
codes, they declined not only to
let casualty vehicles pass the lines,
but refused even to withhold their
fire from mercy helicopters.
Perhaps there was some slim
military justification for rejecting
a mementary cease-fire for ground
transport, on the theory the
French could have used it to re
group troops and shore up batter
ed positions. But for refusal of
air evacuation there was none.
They wanted the agony of the
wounded to help break down the
commander s will to resist.
The tactics was not exposed in
all its brutality, however, until it
became evident the Communists
were not above using human suf
fering as an instrument for ad
vantage at Geneva.
Days elapsed after the fortress
fell before the .Vietminh repre
sentative agreed to the French
Government's appeal. That battle
was over yet the Reds sought to
wring selfish benefit from the still
running blood of human beings.
What price Paris paid for that
"concession" is not evident, but
almost certainly there was a quid
pro quo;
The authorization itself was the
supreme irony: "In conformity
with the humanitarian policy of
President Ho Chi Mmh " the
communique said, removal of the
seriously wounded would be per
mitted.
And the Communists are the
people who proclaim an over
weening interest in human wet
fare! .
WELL NAMED
CHEYENNE, Wvo. (AP)-John
D. Lawyer of Casper was recently
licensed to practice law in Wyoming.
Talmadge Itches
To Get at Court
By JAMES MARLOW .
WASHINGTON (A When It
comes time to step into the ring
with the United States Supreme
Court, Herman Talmadge, dark-
haired governor ef Georgia, may
find he s overmatched.
He s itching, he says, for , a
knock-down-drag-out fight with the
court which on Monday outlawed
segregation In public schools. He
says Georgia will defy the decision
if it's the only. Southern state
which does.
Georgia defied the court in Pres
ident Andrew Jackson's time. Jack
son winked and let Georgia get
away with it. No president now
adays Is likely to follow suit.
Defiance would put Talmadge in
tae position of defying the nation
and even undermining it since
there can be no democratic soci
ety unless its members abide by
the lawful processes, including the
court, which they created.
Talmadge's determination to
fight the court may be in direct
proportion to the .willingness of
other Southern states to go along
with him when the showdown
comes. That's still months away,
On Monday the court said only
segregation must end. It invited
the attorneys general from the
states with segregation to argue
here in October on terms of a de
cree which will fix a deadline.
What the government can do to
make Georgia comply, if Tal
madge balks, would depend on how
he tried to frustrate the court or
der. What the government might
do is neither clear nor predictable,
A few steps, however, appear ob
vious.
Talmadge could say the ruling
did not apply to Georgia because
Georgia was not one of me states
involved in the cases on which the
court ruled, although its ruling
does apply to all states.
If Talmadge took this stand,
nothing would happen until some
Negro parents in Georgia asked
a federal court to make Talmadge
end segregation.
Told by a federal court, as he
would be, that the Supreme Court
decision applied to Georgia, Tal
madge could be jailed for con
tempt if he then disobeyed. He
could be jailed indefinitely, or un
til he - ordered segregation in
Georgia ended. This would take
months.
If, then, individual school super
intendents in Georgia refused to
follow the decision, they could be
brought into federal court on con
tempt charges. More time. Or
Georgia's disobedience might take
some other turn.
In President Jackson's day the
federal government, because of
treaties with the Cherokee Indians
claimed exclusive jurisdiction over
territory they occupied. Then
Georgia claimed it.
When a Cherokee Indian named
Corn Tassel killed another Indian,
inside Cherokee territory
Georgia state court, claiming jur
isdiction, tried him and sentenced
him to be hanged. '
On an appeal, the Supreme Court
ordered the execution stopped and
told Georgia to explain why it had
infringed on Cherokee ' territory.
The Georgia State Legislature or
dered local officers, to ignore the
bupreine Court.
Corn Tassel was hanged. Then
Georgia ordered two New England
missionaries, living in the Indian
territory, to swear allegiance to
Georgia. The missionaries refused
on the grounds they were in Cher
okee territory, not in Georgia.
They were tried in a Georgia
court and jailed. The Supreme
Court ruled the federal govern
ment had jurisdiction and ordered
the missionaries released. Georgia
refused.
Jackson is reported to have
stood back and said, "John Mar
shall (the chief justice) has made
his decision; now let him enforce
iL"
Salem 33 Years Ago
By BEN MAXWELL .
. May 21, 1921
Seven committees have been ap
pointed by King Bing Knowland
of the Cherriacs to make calls
euch evening at the auto camp
grounds for the purpose of inter
esting tourists in Marion County.
Boy Scouts bad asked permis
sion tq appropriate water from
Glenn creek for use in a swim
ming, pool at the scout camp be
ing prepared invthe Eola hills of
Polk County. ;
Salem police were searching for
a man alleged to have stolen a
plow from a farmer near Albany.
Thomas Blackbird, a full blood
ed Sioux Indian, and a veteran
of the World War, had the dis
tinction of being the first full
blooded Indian to be admitted to
citizenship in the United States.
Attorney General Van Winkle
had ruled that police officers en
gaged in enforcement of prohibi
tion laws of Oregon had no au
thority to search any person with
out a specific search warrant
Salem Automobile Co. had ad
vertised the 490 model of Chev
rolet as being available in Salem
for $809.
Otto 3. Wilson on North Com
mercial street also advertised a
better gasoline with a gravity of
ieV, for 29ttc a gallon.
NATIONAL WHIRLIGIG
Unemployment Behind Labor
Leaders' Joining Forces
By RAY
WASHINGTON Growing un
employment and possible loss of
bargaining power in new contract
negotiations lie behind the tight
alliance which the labor rulers of
the steel, coal and trucking in
dustries have organized in defi
ance of the old and major unions
the American Federation of La
bor and the Congress of Indus
trial Organizations.
Although the three leaders
condemned the Eisenhower Ad
ministration for not inaugurat
ing an emergency reconstruction
program, their difficulties are ec
onomic ratber than political.
Their members are being laid off
by the housandS, and the flow of
dues into union treasuries is slow
ing down. : .
These conditions have reduced
their organizations to their weak
est state since the mid-thirties,
when - F.D.R. . sponsored legisla
tion that gave them a dominant
position in politics and the na
tion's economy.
UNEMPLOYED
UNION WORKERS
According to their own records,
there are almost 500,000 unem
ployed in their three unions,
which have a total membership
of about 3,000,000.
More than 100,000 of John L.
Lewis' coal miners are jobless.
and 300,000 are working only part
time. David J. McDonald's CIO
steel workers report 190,000 out
of work and 250,000 working only
part time. Dave Beck's . AFL
truckers cannot find employment
for about 150,000. Both the state
and union benefit payments will
soon be unable ot feed and fi
nance them.
The coal operators are so con
cerned over the industry's de
cline that they are holding an
emergency meeting in Chicago to
day. They will probably resort
to the unusual step of asking gov
ernment action to check rival
competition from oil and gas in
terests, especially imports. So
far the State Department has re
fused to accede to this plea. -
CONTRACT REPUDIATION
SUGGESTED BY COMPANIES
Indeed, some mine owners sug
gest that the only remedy -is to
repudiate their contracts with
Lewis, which call for wages pf
$19.60 a day. It is doubtful 'if
the larger firms, which fix the
pay-scale pattern, will adopt such
a drastic course, for it would re
vive the anarchy and wars that
existed 20 and 30. years ago.
v
One
"
It
Phone
I 3-8652
I
POOR MAN'S PHILOSOPHER
War Rages Between Office
Gang and Vending Machines
By HAL
NEW YORK (P) There is a
new kind of class warfare going
on in America today.
It is a war between the white
collar class and the coin vending
machines in the office locker
rooms where millions of white
collar workers now consume the
lunches they carry to work. .
In some - offices the locker
rooms resemble supermarkets,
crowded with automatic dispens
ing gadgets that peddle every
thing from mystery novels to
stockings.
The locker room in my firm,
however, s making no attempt to
run the A&P out of business. We
have only 7 of these coin-operated
mechanical salesmen, which
yield two kinds of milk, several
flavors of ice cream, 7 brands
of cigarettes, 4 varieties of soft
drinks, and about 20 kinds of
candy bars. '". ,
.But even these 7 machines
have turned our placid locker
room into an exciting battle
ground, where men and metal
monsters grapple -in mortal com
bat . : ''
I have practically given up go
ing to the theater or watching
television. When I want to study
human nature in the raw, I go
to the locker room, where I am
sure I can find more soul-searing
drama than in "Uncle Tom's
Cabin," more suspense than in
'Dragnet", more comedy than a
Broadway musical offers.
TUCKER
But several companies have
served notice of contract termin
ation. In order to maintain em
ployment, some union leaders
have agreed tt accept less pay
than stipulated in' their agree
ments. Lewis' premonitory fears
over these developments account
for labor's lone wolf's willing
ness to ally himself with McDon
ald and Beck, despite his hostil
ity toward Walter P. Reuther,
CIO president, and George L.
Meany, bead of the AFL.
If layoffs continue as a result
of sagging production, the pact in
volving such major industries as
coal, steel and transportation will
strengthen them in negotiations
for new arrangements.- .
STEEL UNION'S AIMS
McDonald's contracts with "big
steel" expires on: June 30. . His
policy committee has served no
tice that it wants more money,
a guaranteed annual wage and
more liberal pensions.
As an enemy of Reuther, who
won an automatic productivity in
crease from Defense Secretary
Charles E. Wilson when he head
ed General Motors, McDonald
would like to be the first union
chieftain to obtain an annual
wage guarantee.
So far, there has been no an
gry talk or bickering. Neither, the
owners nor the unions, with their
industries ailing, are in a mood
for labor wars or strikes. . Ad
ministration experts in this field
are hopeful that both sides will
settle for a package increase of
about ten cents, mostly in non
inflationary "fringe benefits."
Ideas for
gay outdoor
meals
If you like to eat out of doors,
but think it's too much work,
you'll be delighted to learn bow
to prepare these lazy, does -it
meals that are real outdoor
feasts. Everyone enjoys eatinr,
out of doors when it doesn't
involve too much work. There's
no fuss or muss, once you get
the know-how, and you will,
when you read, "Outdoor meals
t the drop of t hat" in June
Better Homes & Gardens. Get
it today . . . wherever maga
zines are sold!
ft-flfcedSSSPSSSfiW
Citttfiew Cemetery
Incorporated
in 18S3
Herman M.
Johnston
Owner and Manager
Grave Spaces From
$35.00 to $100.00
Terms on Before-Need Sales
No Interest on Contracts
of Salem's Finest Cemeteries .
Visiting Car Available ;
If You lack Transportation
Pays to Be Prepared'
BOYLE
Who- will win man or ma
chine? This is the crucial issue
every time an employe approach
es one or the machines wltn a
coin. Nine out of 10 times there
is a happy ending. The machine
hesitates, grumbles, then reluct
antly coughs up the . desired
merchandise.
The 10th time maybe the ma
chine doesn't like the feel of the
coin or the color of the necktie
the employe is wearing nothing
happens. Then anything can
happen! from a renewal of the
siege of Vieksburg to another
Battle of the Bulge. .
Usually the engagement ends,
after a flurry of wild blows and
kicks, a series of high-pitched
human yells and low stubborn
mechanical growls, with the em
ploye nursing bruised fists and
sore toes and the machine
sneering the natural superiority
its feels toward any white collar
worker.
; Since the profits from our' ma
chines go into an office welfare
fund, we have an umpire who
settles most of these disputes by
returning the lost coin a truce
that really appeases neither the
man nor the machine involved.
But in another office locker
room I know of I collect these
tidbits of machine age folklore
a really interesting dispute arose.
An employe claimed he pushed
down the button of the vending
machine for a bar of plain
chocolate. - But he asserts he got
instead a chocolate almond bar,
which he detests, and after chew
ing up the first bite he detected
half a worm waving in wild pro
test at him from a bitten-through
almond. '
This man demands he wants
more than his nickel back. He
wants to sue the machine. The
machine, on the other hand,
claims the man is a known liar
and a fraud, and insists it will
fight the case clear up to the U.S.
Supreme Court if necessary. The
third party in the dispute, the
worm, is in no condition to testi
fy for either side. r
It is clear that more and more
of these difficult issues will
arise in time. In a world where
there is already too much ill will,
the Nobel Peace Prize certainly
ought to go to the first man who
can find a way to curb the grow
ing hostility between the whi'
collar class and the locker. rn-v
automatic vending machine.
There are almost 95 million' "c?t
tie on U. Si farms, the result of five
consecutive years of increase
; i LD. in ...
V. .MUTUAL InsurotM
- Savings
Mutual lumtrance people know
that moat Arcs don't nd to
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Alr.t rltkn who will take
simple precaution! against dla- .
aster they offer auca policy
holders an opportunity to mat
substantial sarin fi in the net
coat ot insurance.
Better check up today. Learn
If you can qualify for Mutual
protection.
BUTTEVILLE
Insurance Company.
Woodburn, Oregon
See Your Local Dealer
. ( on1' I
390 W. I
Hoyt St. ' I