Pag 4
THE CAPITAL JOURNAL, Salem, Oregon
Monday, April 20, 19SS
Capital AJournai
An Independent Newspoper Established 1888
'' BERNARD MAINWARING, Editor and Publisher
. GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor Emeritus
Published every afternoon except Sunday at 444 Che
meketa St., Salem. Phones: Business, Newsroom, Want
Ads, 2-2406; Society Editor. 2-2409. '
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SUM
- X
SHIFT IN NATO DEFENSE
Secretary of State John Foster Dulles leaves today for
.Europe to outline new American proposals to cut xoreign
aid spending and gear North Atlantic defense spending
to a long-range plan.
AccomDanyinar Dulles by nlane were Secretary of Treas
urv Geonre M. Humphrey and Foreign Aid Director
Harold E. Stassen. They will Join Secretary of Defense
Charles E. Wilson and U. S. military leaders In Paris for
Thursday's meeting of the 14-nation North Atlantic
Treaty Council. '
This will be the Initial meeting of top administrators
of the Eisenhower administration In a diplomatic confer-
' ence with European leaders over proposed sharp shifts
in NATO defense strategy, and a trimming of President
Truman's request for $7.6 billion, probably to between
$5 billion and $6 billion for the fiscal year 1954 beginning
July 1.
It is forecasted that while offering less In aid, the
. United States will also ask less of its NATO allies and
reduce the previous proposal of adding 25 new divisions
to defense forces by 1954 to 10 new divisions, placing
emphasis on strengthening the 50 western divisions being
organized, and, increasing air strength from 4,000 planes
to 5,500 by thenar's end.
Dulles' plan to put NATO planning on a long-range
basis has been aoDroved by Mr. Eisenhower and the Na
tional Security Council. It is almost certain to be welcomed
' by the hard-pressed Europeans, who fear their economies
cannot bear the strain of a more rapid build-up.
The administration has discarded the former theory
that 1954 would be the year of greatest danger of a Soviet
attack and that a headlong rearmament dasn was re
quired to meet it. Notwithstanding Moscow's current
peace maneuvering, the Eisenhower administration be
: lieves the danger of a Bed attack will continue for many
years. '
Dulles said in an address Saturday night before the
American Society of Newspaper Editors that the "fresh
approach" to Western European defense problems would
avert "bankruptcy" that might result from a mammoth
rearmament program. He said the proposal would provide
Europe with "substantial insurance" against a Soviet at
tack, and also sustain protection "for an indefinite period"
in event the Keds waited to strike.
I mW have you
IT A OP A Bit-- J T
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND
Friction Between Eisenhower and Dulles
OUR FRIENDS SCORE IN JAPAN
Japanese Premier Yoshida will probably lead the new
government to come out of Sunday s national election,
though without the parliamentary majority he had hoped
-for. -
Ynahtda'a T.ihwala. Mntnrert 10.0. aaata. far mnrit than
the next party, which won 76. But he will have only about
42 percent of the total, the other being divided between
seven other groups, of which the Communists bring up
the rear with one. They had none in the old parliament.
Yoshida lost some strength in the battles of recent
months and will require the help of one of the other
: parties. None of the leaders of these groups are friendly
i to him, so YoBhlda is evidently in for difficulties. It is
' a familiar story in countries with a multiplicity of parties.
' France is the classic example of how this paralyzes effec
tive government.
1 Although Americans regret that this leader who Is
friendly to us did not emerge with a clean-cut majority
we should be thankful that he will continue to rule, being
far stronger than anyone else. In view of all her troubles,
arising out of defeat in the war, it is surprising that
Japan is as politically stable as she is, and that her
i government is as cooperative with ours. We are faring
far better with this ex-enemy than with some of our
' ex-allies.
PRESIDENTIAL YACHT ERA ENDS TOO
Not only has the mink coat era ended In Washington.
The private yacht era has gone to keep it company.
President Eisenhower has ordered the presidential
yacht Williamsburg, on which President Truman and his
friends used to enjoy themselves on week-ends, placed
, in the mothball fleet because the White House considers
. it a symbol of needless luxury.
i Between now and June 80 when the order becomes
effective the vessel will be used to take wounded veterans
it - - 1. i ai Tt-1. .
on cruises nvito a ween in uie roiomac river ana nesa-
peake bay. After that the celebrated ship will be heard
of no more till there's another occupant 6f the White
House, or some better use is lound for such a craft.
The cost of maintaining this yacht is a small item in
eovernment expense, but the whole government orsraniza
I tion of more than two million persons looks to the presi
dent for its cue on many things, especially on saving the
: taxpayer money. And this personnel, beinir human, is
likely to be more impressed with what the president
does than what he says.
So this Elsenhower move may actually save the cost
of many Williams burgs in the next four years.
HENRY
By Carl Andersen
Washington Several signs
point to the likelihood of
growing friction between the
president and hit secretary of
state. John Foster Dulles.
Some observers compare the
situation with that which
gradually developed between
Woodrow Wilson and William
Jennings Bryan, a man who,
like Dulles, had established a
reputation of his own before
he became secretary of state
and who parted company with
Wilson over Germany.
Elsenhower and Dulles have
now had two disagreements,
one of them rather unpleasant.
It's now leaked out that Ike
told off. his secretary of state
la rather sharp language fol
lowing his press bumble on
probable Korean truce terms.
Elsenhower was really sore. Af
terward. Gov. Sherman Adams
remarked to a friend: "We had
to send Dulles north to cool
off."
The other disagreement was
not unpleasant , but probably
more important. When Elsen
hower's recent speech propos
ing a new peace offensive was
sent to the state department
for approval, Dulles and advis
ers wanted to eliminate any
references to disarmament.
This would have ruled out the
most dramatic and popular ap
peal of all namely, using
money saved from arms to re
build the world.
CART BEFORE HORSE . . .
Reason for the state depart
ment's opposition was the be
lief that you couldn't put the
cart before the horse, that
there could be no disarma
ment until political problems
were solved. In other words,
until Russia pulled out of the
satellite nations and evacuated
Austria, it would be impossible
to reduce armament; so any
promise of disarmament, the
state department argued, would
only confuse our friends in
Europe.
However, Emmett Hughes,
formerly of Life Magazine and
the man who chiefly wrote the
speech, together with C. D
Jackson, former publisher of
Fortune magazine, argued that
Elsenhower had to give peo
pie hope. In order to lead the
world, you had to give people
hope of peace and hope of re
lief from the crushing burden
of armament. They won out.
Secretary Dulles and advls
ers got their way, however, on
one important point. They
knocked out of the speech a
proposal that the United States
call a council of foreign minis
ten to consider the Eisenhower
plan for peace and reconstruc
tlon.
For Elsenhower to put this
in nis speecn, the state depart
ment argued, would put the
burden of execution on the
United States. It was better
to put the next move up to the
Russians.
On this Secretary Dulles and
advisers won out.
BARRY VATJGHAN
Sen Dick Russell of Georgia,
most poweriui Backstage demo
crat on Capitol Hill, Is a man
of stern visage. He doesn't
look as If he had a sense of hu
mor.
The other day. republican
senste leaders approached him
regarding a matter on which
tney wanted his support
Maj. Gen. Harry Vaughan, the
ex-president s military aide,
BY DREW PEARSON ,
President Eisenhower had
sent Vaughan's name to the
senate for confirmation as a
permanent major general,
which made some of Ike's fel
low republicans flt-to-be-tied.
They immediately conspired to
block the promotion but fig
ured they needed democratic
help. ,
So they put the proposition
up to Dick Russell who fre
quently followed an indepen
dent line during the days of
Harry Truman.
"I am not ready," replied
Russell i with c perfectly
straight face, "to break with
President Eisenhower yet.
INSIDE THE CABINET
A lot of people wondered
why quiet, unassuming Joe
Dodge, director of the budget,
issued that interoffice memo
ordering his employes, in ef
fect, to spy on each other.
Dodge is not the kind of man
to go in for Interoffice espion
age, but here is the inside
story of what happened.
It all took place largely be
cause the director of the bud
get was once a court reporter.
At a recent cabinet meeting.
Attorney General Brownell ex
pounded on his desire to pre
vent corruption and Inefficien
cy, unfolded a plan to have
government employes report
on each other. He even read a
brief order which he proposed
issuing later.
Eager-Beaver Joe Dodge, the
ex-shorthand reporter, care
fully wrote down the order,
went back to his office and
put it into effect.
The repercussions were bad.
Washington newspapers played
it up as interoffice espionage.
Government workers boiled. In
fact, the reaction was so bad
that Attorney General Brown
ell suspended the idea. In oth
er government bureaus the or
der never was issued.
Embarrassed Joe DodBe. the
ex-court reporter, finding him
self out on a limb, promptly
climbed down. He canceled
the order.
MERRY-GO-ROUND
Washington newsmen have
a new name for the big federal
security building bossed by
Oveta Culp Hobby "Hobby
Ivobby." . . . Certain staff
members of the congressional
committee on atomic energy
plan to quit. They figure the
new administration will soon
turn much of the atomic pro
gram over to private concerns
and they want to get In on the
ground floor, ... The British
have trained mongrel dogs to
detect buried mines on the Kor
ean battlefield. The do were
first taught to locate tins of
meat, men mines. . . . Ex-Secretary
of Commerce Charles
Sawyer Is boiling mad at the
way his successor Sinclair
Weeks Is destroying commerce
aepartment morale. Sawver is
particularly sore at Weeks for
firing Dr. Astln. head of the
National Bureau of Standards.
Postmaster General Sum.
merflcld Joked to business edi
tors at an off-the-record din-
ncr that he'd warned the presl-
aem an ne knew about the
post office was .what he had
learned playing the teen.ac
jiiumg game, post oxlice.
WASHINGTON PIPELINE ,
Last months income taxes
(wiped out thousands of private
deposits, causing ' the worst
slump In deposits in several
months. Yet bank profits are
actually higher than a year ago
because of higher interest
rates on loans. . . . Government
agents are investigating a black
market In ammonium nitrate,
use both for ammunition and
fertilizer. . . . Interior Secre
tary McKay's proposal that the
government quit paying med
ical care for the Alaska rail'
road employees sounds like
real economy at least on the
surface. McKay suggests that
the railroad foot the bill in
stead. What the public doesn't
realize however, is that the
Alaska railroad Is owned by
the government. . . . The Chi
nese Communists are desper
ately exploring southwest Chi
na for oil. Twenty-seven field
teams, coached by the Russians
in oil prospecting, have been
sent out to drill wells. . . . Ever
since the Czech airliner made
its recent dramatic flight to
freedom, Red fighter planes
have been practicing at inter
cepting airliners. Several Bed
transport planes have flown up
to the border, as If they were
trying to escape, then, out of
the blue, Red fighters pounce
on them in a practice Intercep
tion. Both transports and fight
ers, however, have been care
ful not to cross the border into
West Germany.
(COfTTlthl, 1111) 1
POOR MAN'S PHILOSOPHER
Only a Trickle of the Men
Lost in Korea Now Returning
y HAL BOYLE
New York WV-The trickle
of American prisoners now be-
ine freed in Korea is a ssd re
minder of the thousands listed
as missing who will never re
turn.
Most of them were lost In.
the early stages of a war that
will soon be three years old,
and the nation owes them
debt it csn never repay.
Today the United States has
perhaps the finest army in its
history stationed In Korea. And
as that Army has grown tne
sacrifice demanded of the hi'
dividual soldier has tended to
lessen.
It wasn't that way In the
beginning. A few thousand sol
diers had to serve as the spear
head- of IBS million unpre
pared Americans. And most
of those soldiers are gone.
They didn't like the Job they
were given. Eacn outfit had
perhaps too many over-weight
sergeants, too many under-age
privates who had Joined the
Army for security not to die
in an obscure peninsula called
Korea,
Their resentful attitude was
summed up by one:
"What business have we got
fighting here anyway, and why
do I have to be the one?"
They had no idea what they
were going up against. They
really thought it would be
nothing more than a police ac
tion of a lew days or weeks.
"We actually thought all we
had to do was stand on a hill
and show our American tin!
forms, and those little brown
gooks would turn around and
run right back where they
came from," a captain said
later.
But they deployed In the
rugged hills, and took the van
guard of a 300,000-man North
Korean Army headon. They
tried to form a continuous line
of defense, and there were too
few of them.
They were shattered time
and again, pulling their rem
nants back to a new hill and
trying to form a new line. Each
GALLANT COMPETITOR
(New York Times)
News that "major surgery"
is likely to force Babe Didrik-
son Zaharias out of any further
competitive sport comes as a
shock. She seemed the last per
son to whom a thing of that
sort had any right to happen.
For 20 years she has been
an almost fabulous part of the
American scene. A truly great
athlete and a gallant competi
tor, she has been an honor to
sport and a credit to every
game she played. She gave her
best, and her best was better
than good.
She is now, perhaps, facing
the toughest test of them all.
She has a truly formidable op
ponent. One's own body can be
the most unrelenting adversary,
We like to think, however, that
she can win this one, also. She
no quitter. If it will help
her to know that she has many
unknown friends and admirers
In her corner for the big one,
she should have that assurance.
Everyone who loves a good
game and a good sportsman is
pulling for her.
Salem 53 Years Ago
By BEN MAXWELL
. April 21, 1900
Salem's theatrical season and
the life of Reed's Opera house
as a home of local, drama went
out together Friday evening in
a blaze of glory. (The location
was above Miller s store.)
Reed's Opera house was com
pleted as a theater by C. A.
Reed in 1870. Then it was one
of the more outstanding play
houses in the Northwest. Clos
ing of Reed's Opera house took
place on the same day a con
tract was signed for the new
opera house (Grand theater)
to be ready for occupancy Oc
tober 1. Patton Brothers have
been managers of Reed's Op
era house since 1896.
C. H. Hinges, watchmaker
and optician, 296 Commercial
street: 75c for cleaning your
watch, 75c. for replacing a
broken main-spring.
Bicycles (In their heyday of
1900): Spauldlng chainless and
Featherstone, Buren It Hamil
ton: Racycle, C. A. Roberts:
Hartfords, $35, Otto J. Wilson;
crescent, Cleveland and Gen
dron, R. M. Wade; Rambler,
Watt Shlpp; Tribune and Iver
Johnson, F. A. Wiggins.
It is now stated positively
that the Masonic lodge will
occupy remodeled quarters of
the Reed Opera house in ac
cordance with an agreement
reached between E. M. Mc
Cornack, owner of the build
ing, and lodge officials.
The new workshop of Jscobs
and Longcore, North Salem
blacksmiths and wheelwrights,
has a watering trough in front
tnat will be appreciated by the
public. ,
Steamboat Altona will lenv
he rdock at 7 p.m. Thursday
for the A. O. U. W. excursion
to Independence. Round trip,
Including the dance, 50c.
Population of Oregon at the
close of 1899 has been esti
mated at 407,283; Salem 13,-
000. (Salem's population in
1900 was officially established
at 4250).
Ladles of Salem Floricultur
al society will hold a rose show
about May 15.
McCoy stage leaves Willam
ette stable at 6:30 a.m. for Lin
coln, Zena, McCoy and Perry
dale and returns the same day
New hack, good horses and
careful drivers. Parcels deliv
ered along the line. E. E. Davis
MABLE HOLMES PARSONS
Albany Democrat-Herald
Word of the death of Mable
Holmes Parsons In Portland
will bring a pang of sorrow to
many thousands all over the
country, for the friends of Mrs
Parsons were legion. In her 34
years of teaching In the Univer
sity of Oregon and the old ex
tension division of the state sys
tem of higher education this
gifted woman bad been "guide,
counselor and friend" to a le
gion of young people who want
ed to write. That so many of
ner students succeeded in mak
ing places for themselves in
fields as difficult ss fiction and
poetry is a tribute to her de
voted work. Always the opti
mist, Mrs. Parsons encouraged
many young writers who other
wise would have stopped on
the threshold of achievement
Her warm, friendly attitude,
backed by her scholarly en
thusiasm for literature and her
own experience as a writer
she has several volumes of
verse and many short stories to
her credit made her classes
among the most nonulsr in the
history of the Portland center of
the state system. I
(and decimated them, out
each stand slowed the enemy
and gained precious hours ana
dsys that enabled the Army
to rush over more troops and
supplies.
The American people were
shocked to see their troops de
feated In the field. If they
had known how pitiful small
their numbers were, they
might perhaps have paid more
honor to those gallant few who
truly saved Korea.
For their stubborn with-
drswals forced the surprised
enemy to pause, delay, and
IdeallD.
"If the Reds had really
known how small a force they
were up against," said - a
colonel, "they could have
crashed right through us, tak
ing their losses all at once, and
had the whole peninsula in
three weeks.".
Some day the full valor of
those over -weight sergeants
and the green privates will
be known, and their terrible
sacrifices appreciated. They
were mostly regular Army
men, and lying with them now
is many a young West Point
officer who would have been
a general In 1975. The Army
paid a heavy price in leader
ship In Korea.
There ought to be a way to
recognize what these vanished
men did for a free world, but
how can you say "thanks" to
ears that cannot hear?
OPEN FORUM
Not All Toke Time
Off to Drink Coffee
To the editor: The editorial!
on state employee coffee breaks!
was certainly a broad generali
It Is true that some employ.
ees may oe as me editor de
scribed them clock watchers
and coffee drinkers at the tax
payers expense. If we look at
fact Miner roan zancy. i am
forced to conclude that all
state employee's indulge In this
practice resides largely In your
imagination. v
One Institutional department
with which I am most familar,
bas no couee creaks ana the
nractlce is not condoned by the
department neaa. inis aepart
ment has, by an immense mar
gin, the highest productivity
per man-hour In the entire de
partmental system or I might
Include private enterprise.
There are suit hundreds ot
tate employees who carry on.
doing a aecem jou ana remain
ing unslnged by clock watch
ing and coffee breaks, in spite
of bad examples, often from
those higher up In our state
office building. Should this
practice be limited to this one
particular department? On
ethical grounds no Kroun
should have the right to enjoy1
coffee breaks wnue at tne same
time is being denied to others.
Eaual rights 100 per cent for
all in the state service Is one
thing I believe the editor and
also the public will subscribe
to. , , , Henry Hough,
' .. Route 8, Salem
A razor blade has been de
veloped which Is capable of
slitting a human hair into seven
parts lengthwise.
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