Pag 4 THE CAPITAL JOURNAL, Salem, Oregon Monday, April 20, 19SS Capital AJournai An Independent Newspoper Established 1888 '' BERNARD MAINWARING, Editor and Publisher . GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor Emeritus Published every afternoon except Sunday at 444 Che meketa St., Salem. Phones: Business, Newsroom, Want Ads, 2-2406; Society Editor. 2-2409. ' ran UaM Win fartlM la km-Uft mm aaS CaHl tnm Th AiuclaUd frut U nelulnlr mttuS to tat wt for ntUMlloa all uwi dlipiuht, crtdlU4 U It at atlMnrlM anolM la thu aaiai a4 alM am aufeUthaa thmia, ' SUBSCRIPTION RATES: IT CarrUrt tfonthlT. il.Mi U Moatlu, SI.IOI Out I Mr. 1114. Br Han la Uarlaa, folk, Una, Iratsn. CUoktmu tad Yamhill Oouatlw: MoatlUr. XXI SU Moatlu, 14.(01 0 Tor, W.M. r MU BMwhart la Otmob: Konthlr, 11.00! at, Moatha, lo.oo: on Tor, m.w. aj imu ouuiea omoai ucm uur, ii.ni au awauu, wimi Oao TW, flO.W. SUM - X SHIFT IN NATO DEFENSE Secretary of State John Foster Dulles leaves today for .Europe to outline new American proposals to cut xoreign aid spending and gear North Atlantic defense spending to a long-range plan. AccomDanyinar Dulles by nlane were Secretary of Treas urv Geonre M. Humphrey and Foreign Aid Director Harold E. Stassen. They will Join Secretary of Defense Charles E. Wilson and U. S. military leaders In Paris for Thursday's meeting of the 14-nation North Atlantic Treaty Council. ' This will be the Initial meeting of top administrators of the Eisenhower administration In a diplomatic confer- ' ence with European leaders over proposed sharp shifts in NATO defense strategy, and a trimming of President Truman's request for $7.6 billion, probably to between $5 billion and $6 billion for the fiscal year 1954 beginning July 1. It is forecasted that while offering less In aid, the . United States will also ask less of its NATO allies and reduce the previous proposal of adding 25 new divisions to defense forces by 1954 to 10 new divisions, placing emphasis on strengthening the 50 western divisions being organized, and, increasing air strength from 4,000 planes to 5,500 by thenar's end. Dulles' plan to put NATO planning on a long-range basis has been aoDroved by Mr. Eisenhower and the Na tional Security Council. It is almost certain to be welcomed ' by the hard-pressed Europeans, who fear their economies cannot bear the strain of a more rapid build-up. The administration has discarded the former theory that 1954 would be the year of greatest danger of a Soviet attack and that a headlong rearmament dasn was re quired to meet it. Notwithstanding Moscow's current peace maneuvering, the Eisenhower administration be : lieves the danger of a Bed attack will continue for many years. ' Dulles said in an address Saturday night before the American Society of Newspaper Editors that the "fresh approach" to Western European defense problems would avert "bankruptcy" that might result from a mammoth rearmament program. He said the proposal would provide Europe with "substantial insurance" against a Soviet at tack, and also sustain protection "for an indefinite period" in event the Keds waited to strike. I mW have you IT A OP A Bit-- J T WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND Friction Between Eisenhower and Dulles OUR FRIENDS SCORE IN JAPAN Japanese Premier Yoshida will probably lead the new government to come out of Sunday s national election, though without the parliamentary majority he had hoped -for. - Ynahtda'a T.ihwala. Mntnrert 10.0. aaata. far mnrit than the next party, which won 76. But he will have only about 42 percent of the total, the other being divided between seven other groups, of which the Communists bring up the rear with one. They had none in the old parliament. Yoshida lost some strength in the battles of recent months and will require the help of one of the other : parties. None of the leaders of these groups are friendly i to him, so YoBhlda is evidently in for difficulties. It is ' a familiar story in countries with a multiplicity of parties. ' France is the classic example of how this paralyzes effec tive government. 1 Although Americans regret that this leader who Is friendly to us did not emerge with a clean-cut majority we should be thankful that he will continue to rule, being far stronger than anyone else. In view of all her troubles, arising out of defeat in the war, it is surprising that Japan is as politically stable as she is, and that her i government is as cooperative with ours. We are faring far better with this ex-enemy than with some of our ' ex-allies. PRESIDENTIAL YACHT ERA ENDS TOO Not only has the mink coat era ended In Washington. The private yacht era has gone to keep it company. President Eisenhower has ordered the presidential yacht Williamsburg, on which President Truman and his friends used to enjoy themselves on week-ends, placed , in the mothball fleet because the White House considers . it a symbol of needless luxury. i Between now and June 80 when the order becomes effective the vessel will be used to take wounded veterans it - - 1. i ai Tt-1. . on cruises nvito a ween in uie roiomac river ana nesa- peake bay. After that the celebrated ship will be heard of no more till there's another occupant 6f the White House, or some better use is lound for such a craft. The cost of maintaining this yacht is a small item in eovernment expense, but the whole government orsraniza I tion of more than two million persons looks to the presi dent for its cue on many things, especially on saving the : taxpayer money. And this personnel, beinir human, is likely to be more impressed with what the president does than what he says. So this Elsenhower move may actually save the cost of many Williams burgs in the next four years. HENRY By Carl Andersen Washington Several signs point to the likelihood of growing friction between the president and hit secretary of state. John Foster Dulles. Some observers compare the situation with that which gradually developed between Woodrow Wilson and William Jennings Bryan, a man who, like Dulles, had established a reputation of his own before he became secretary of state and who parted company with Wilson over Germany. Elsenhower and Dulles have now had two disagreements, one of them rather unpleasant. It's now leaked out that Ike told off. his secretary of state la rather sharp language fol lowing his press bumble on probable Korean truce terms. Elsenhower was really sore. Af terward. Gov. Sherman Adams remarked to a friend: "We had to send Dulles north to cool off." The other disagreement was not unpleasant , but probably more important. When Elsen hower's recent speech propos ing a new peace offensive was sent to the state department for approval, Dulles and advis ers wanted to eliminate any references to disarmament. This would have ruled out the most dramatic and popular ap peal of all namely, using money saved from arms to re build the world. CART BEFORE HORSE . . . Reason for the state depart ment's opposition was the be lief that you couldn't put the cart before the horse, that there could be no disarma ment until political problems were solved. In other words, until Russia pulled out of the satellite nations and evacuated Austria, it would be impossible to reduce armament; so any promise of disarmament, the state department argued, would only confuse our friends in Europe. However, Emmett Hughes, formerly of Life Magazine and the man who chiefly wrote the speech, together with C. D Jackson, former publisher of Fortune magazine, argued that Elsenhower had to give peo pie hope. In order to lead the world, you had to give people hope of peace and hope of re lief from the crushing burden of armament. They won out. Secretary Dulles and advls ers got their way, however, on one important point. They knocked out of the speech a proposal that the United States call a council of foreign minis ten to consider the Eisenhower plan for peace and reconstruc tlon. For Elsenhower to put this in nis speecn, the state depart ment argued, would put the burden of execution on the United States. It was better to put the next move up to the Russians. On this Secretary Dulles and advisers won out. BARRY VATJGHAN Sen Dick Russell of Georgia, most poweriui Backstage demo crat on Capitol Hill, Is a man of stern visage. He doesn't look as If he had a sense of hu mor. The other day. republican senste leaders approached him regarding a matter on which tney wanted his support Maj. Gen. Harry Vaughan, the ex-president s military aide, BY DREW PEARSON , President Eisenhower had sent Vaughan's name to the senate for confirmation as a permanent major general, which made some of Ike's fel low republicans flt-to-be-tied. They immediately conspired to block the promotion but fig ured they needed democratic help. , So they put the proposition up to Dick Russell who fre quently followed an indepen dent line during the days of Harry Truman. "I am not ready," replied Russell i with c perfectly straight face, "to break with President Eisenhower yet. INSIDE THE CABINET A lot of people wondered why quiet, unassuming Joe Dodge, director of the budget, issued that interoffice memo ordering his employes, in ef fect, to spy on each other. Dodge is not the kind of man to go in for Interoffice espion age, but here is the inside story of what happened. It all took place largely be cause the director of the bud get was once a court reporter. At a recent cabinet meeting. Attorney General Brownell ex pounded on his desire to pre vent corruption and Inefficien cy, unfolded a plan to have government employes report on each other. He even read a brief order which he proposed issuing later. Eager-Beaver Joe Dodge, the ex-shorthand reporter, care fully wrote down the order, went back to his office and put it into effect. The repercussions were bad. Washington newspapers played it up as interoffice espionage. Government workers boiled. In fact, the reaction was so bad that Attorney General Brown ell suspended the idea. In oth er government bureaus the or der never was issued. Embarrassed Joe DodBe. the ex-court reporter, finding him self out on a limb, promptly climbed down. He canceled the order. MERRY-GO-ROUND Washington newsmen have a new name for the big federal security building bossed by Oveta Culp Hobby "Hobby Ivobby." . . . Certain staff members of the congressional committee on atomic energy plan to quit. They figure the new administration will soon turn much of the atomic pro gram over to private concerns and they want to get In on the ground floor, ... The British have trained mongrel dogs to detect buried mines on the Kor ean battlefield. The do were first taught to locate tins of meat, men mines. . . . Ex-Secretary of Commerce Charles Sawyer Is boiling mad at the way his successor Sinclair Weeks Is destroying commerce aepartment morale. Sawver is particularly sore at Weeks for firing Dr. Astln. head of the National Bureau of Standards. Postmaster General Sum. merflcld Joked to business edi tors at an off-the-record din- ncr that he'd warned the presl- aem an ne knew about the post office was .what he had learned playing the teen.ac jiiumg game, post oxlice. WASHINGTON PIPELINE , Last months income taxes (wiped out thousands of private deposits, causing ' the worst slump In deposits in several months. Yet bank profits are actually higher than a year ago because of higher interest rates on loans. . . . Government agents are investigating a black market In ammonium nitrate, use both for ammunition and fertilizer. . . . Interior Secre tary McKay's proposal that the government quit paying med ical care for the Alaska rail' road employees sounds like real economy at least on the surface. McKay suggests that the railroad foot the bill in stead. What the public doesn't realize however, is that the Alaska railroad Is owned by the government. . . . The Chi nese Communists are desper ately exploring southwest Chi na for oil. Twenty-seven field teams, coached by the Russians in oil prospecting, have been sent out to drill wells. . . . Ever since the Czech airliner made its recent dramatic flight to freedom, Red fighter planes have been practicing at inter cepting airliners. Several Bed transport planes have flown up to the border, as If they were trying to escape, then, out of the blue, Red fighters pounce on them in a practice Intercep tion. Both transports and fight ers, however, have been care ful not to cross the border into West Germany. (COfTTlthl, 1111) 1 POOR MAN'S PHILOSOPHER Only a Trickle of the Men Lost in Korea Now Returning y HAL BOYLE New York WV-The trickle of American prisoners now be- ine freed in Korea is a ssd re minder of the thousands listed as missing who will never re turn. Most of them were lost In. the early stages of a war that will soon be three years old, and the nation owes them debt it csn never repay. Today the United States has perhaps the finest army in its history stationed In Korea. And as that Army has grown tne sacrifice demanded of the hi' dividual soldier has tended to lessen. It wasn't that way In the beginning. A few thousand sol diers had to serve as the spear head- of IBS million unpre pared Americans. And most of those soldiers are gone. They didn't like the Job they were given. Eacn outfit had perhaps too many over-weight sergeants, too many under-age privates who had Joined the Army for security not to die in an obscure peninsula called Korea, Their resentful attitude was summed up by one: "What business have we got fighting here anyway, and why do I have to be the one?" They had no idea what they were going up against. They really thought it would be nothing more than a police ac tion of a lew days or weeks. "We actually thought all we had to do was stand on a hill and show our American tin! forms, and those little brown gooks would turn around and run right back where they came from," a captain said later. But they deployed In the rugged hills, and took the van guard of a 300,000-man North Korean Army headon. They tried to form a continuous line of defense, and there were too few of them. They were shattered time and again, pulling their rem nants back to a new hill and trying to form a new line. Each GALLANT COMPETITOR (New York Times) News that "major surgery" is likely to force Babe Didrik- son Zaharias out of any further competitive sport comes as a shock. She seemed the last per son to whom a thing of that sort had any right to happen. For 20 years she has been an almost fabulous part of the American scene. A truly great athlete and a gallant competi tor, she has been an honor to sport and a credit to every game she played. She gave her best, and her best was better than good. She is now, perhaps, facing the toughest test of them all. She has a truly formidable op ponent. One's own body can be the most unrelenting adversary, We like to think, however, that she can win this one, also. She no quitter. If it will help her to know that she has many unknown friends and admirers In her corner for the big one, she should have that assurance. Everyone who loves a good game and a good sportsman is pulling for her. Salem 53 Years Ago By BEN MAXWELL . April 21, 1900 Salem's theatrical season and the life of Reed's Opera house as a home of local, drama went out together Friday evening in a blaze of glory. (The location was above Miller s store.) Reed's Opera house was com pleted as a theater by C. A. Reed in 1870. Then it was one of the more outstanding play houses in the Northwest. Clos ing of Reed's Opera house took place on the same day a con tract was signed for the new opera house (Grand theater) to be ready for occupancy Oc tober 1. Patton Brothers have been managers of Reed's Op era house since 1896. C. H. Hinges, watchmaker and optician, 296 Commercial street: 75c for cleaning your watch, 75c. for replacing a broken main-spring. Bicycles (In their heyday of 1900): Spauldlng chainless and Featherstone, Buren It Hamil ton: Racycle, C. A. Roberts: Hartfords, $35, Otto J. Wilson; crescent, Cleveland and Gen dron, R. M. Wade; Rambler, Watt Shlpp; Tribune and Iver Johnson, F. A. Wiggins. It is now stated positively that the Masonic lodge will occupy remodeled quarters of the Reed Opera house in ac cordance with an agreement reached between E. M. Mc Cornack, owner of the build ing, and lodge officials. The new workshop of Jscobs and Longcore, North Salem blacksmiths and wheelwrights, has a watering trough in front tnat will be appreciated by the public. , Steamboat Altona will lenv he rdock at 7 p.m. Thursday for the A. O. U. W. excursion to Independence. Round trip, Including the dance, 50c. Population of Oregon at the close of 1899 has been esti mated at 407,283; Salem 13,- 000. (Salem's population in 1900 was officially established at 4250). Ladles of Salem Floricultur al society will hold a rose show about May 15. McCoy stage leaves Willam ette stable at 6:30 a.m. for Lin coln, Zena, McCoy and Perry dale and returns the same day New hack, good horses and careful drivers. Parcels deliv ered along the line. E. E. Davis MABLE HOLMES PARSONS Albany Democrat-Herald Word of the death of Mable Holmes Parsons In Portland will bring a pang of sorrow to many thousands all over the country, for the friends of Mrs Parsons were legion. In her 34 years of teaching In the Univer sity of Oregon and the old ex tension division of the state sys tem of higher education this gifted woman bad been "guide, counselor and friend" to a le gion of young people who want ed to write. That so many of ner students succeeded in mak ing places for themselves in fields as difficult ss fiction and poetry is a tribute to her de voted work. Always the opti mist, Mrs. Parsons encouraged many young writers who other wise would have stopped on the threshold of achievement Her warm, friendly attitude, backed by her scholarly en thusiasm for literature and her own experience as a writer she has several volumes of verse and many short stories to her credit made her classes among the most nonulsr in the history of the Portland center of the state system. I (and decimated them, out each stand slowed the enemy and gained precious hours ana dsys that enabled the Army to rush over more troops and supplies. The American people were shocked to see their troops de feated In the field. If they had known how pitiful small their numbers were, they might perhaps have paid more honor to those gallant few who truly saved Korea. For their stubborn with- drswals forced the surprised enemy to pause, delay, and IdeallD. "If the Reds had really known how small a force they were up against," said - a colonel, "they could have crashed right through us, tak ing their losses all at once, and had the whole peninsula in three weeks.". Some day the full valor of those over -weight sergeants and the green privates will be known, and their terrible sacrifices appreciated. They were mostly regular Army men, and lying with them now is many a young West Point officer who would have been a general In 1975. The Army paid a heavy price in leader ship In Korea. There ought to be a way to recognize what these vanished men did for a free world, but how can you say "thanks" to ears that cannot hear? OPEN FORUM Not All Toke Time Off to Drink Coffee To the editor: The editorial! on state employee coffee breaks! was certainly a broad generali It Is true that some employ. ees may oe as me editor de scribed them clock watchers and coffee drinkers at the tax payers expense. If we look at fact Miner roan zancy. i am forced to conclude that all state employee's indulge In this practice resides largely In your imagination. v One Institutional department with which I am most familar, bas no couee creaks ana the nractlce is not condoned by the department neaa. inis aepart ment has, by an immense mar gin, the highest productivity per man-hour In the entire de partmental system or I might Include private enterprise. There are suit hundreds ot tate employees who carry on. doing a aecem jou ana remain ing unslnged by clock watch ing and coffee breaks, in spite of bad examples, often from those higher up In our state office building. Should this practice be limited to this one particular department? On ethical grounds no Kroun should have the right to enjoy1 coffee breaks wnue at tne same time is being denied to others. Eaual rights 100 per cent for all in the state service Is one thing I believe the editor and also the public will subscribe to. , , , Henry Hough, ' .. Route 8, Salem A razor blade has been de veloped which Is capable of slitting a human hair into seven parts lengthwise. I Soap Box v) AK. it, FIRST PRIZE: '5,000.00 College Scholarship SECOND PRIZE: $4,000.00 College Scholarship THIRD PRIZE: $3,000.00 College Scholarship FOURTH PRIZE) $2,000.00 College Scholarship FIFTH PRIZE: $1,000.00 College Scholarship Start today! Build to win! Ever since 1934 young boys from all. over the country have won the All-American Soap Box Derby championship and have received quality scholarship awards. Today the prize list is bigger than ever. In addition to the five scholarships, valuable merchandise will be given. Ifs fun to participate In the Soap Box Derby, and race the car you designed end built I Get your simple and easy-to-follow Rule Book and start building TODAY! For all boys 11-15 Co-sponsored by Chevrolet Division of General Motors and Capital AJournal and DOUGLAS NcKAY CHEVROLET CO.