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Steel Strike Begins Tim Flynn (right), CIO regional di
rector, gives last minute instructions to picket captains before
they struck the South San Francisco plant of Bethlehem Steel.
Basis of the nation-wide strike is the steelworkers' demand
for company allotments to meet pension and medical insurance
costs. The strike will idle 514,000 employes in the industry.
(Acme Telephoto)
iners Want
Federal Aid
Washington, Oct. 3 Wi The
administration may have unwit
tingly given a push to badly
stymied mine aid legislation.
To support President Tru
man's program for aid to un
derdeveloped European coun
tries, the senate banking com
mittee has approved a bill guar
anteeing European investments
against confiscation and assuring
conversion of receipts into U.S.
currency.
Senator O'Mahoney, D.,-Wyo.,
said the measure "surely" would
provide ammunition for his ef
fort to get action on his bill to
provide federal aid for explora
tion, development and conserva
tion of domestic base metal
mines.
It is estimated more than 2,-
000 mines, mostly in western
states would be eligible.
The Wyoming senator has no
tified the senate he will attempt
to bring his bill up for consider
ation "at an opportune time."
The argument will be used
that, if the government can af
ford to help investors in their
undertakings abroad, it also can
afford to prop up the stagger
ing metal mining industry at
home.
FROM WOODEN SHIPS TO PUSH-BUTTON WAR
Republic's First Naval Yard
100 Years Old Monday
By ALEXANDER R. GEORGE
Washington, Oct. 3 OPi The U. S. naval gun factory, world's
largest naval armament plant, will be 150 years old Monday.
Long known as the Washington navy yard, it has had an his
toric role in rational security since the days when Old Ironsides
was in her fighting prime
Total Eclipse of Moon Will
Occur Next Thursday Night
By J. HUGH PRUETT
Astronomer, Extension Division, Oregon Hither Education System
Next Thursday evening the jolly face of the big harvest moon
will for a while be darkened by the shadow of the earth.
. This eclipse, which will be total from 6:20 to 7:33 p. m. P. S. T.,
7:20 to 8:33 p. m. M. S. T., 8.20 to 9:33 p. m. C. S. T., will resemble
in most respects the fine lunar "blackout" of last April 12.
The times of the various
phases of the event this coming
week will occur around an hour
earlier than last spring, but so
will the times of sunset and
moonrise. The chances of view
ing all stages of the eclipse are
thus almost the same as then.
Observers near the Pacific
coast will miss earlier part of the
show since the moon will then
not be above the eastern hori
zon Moonrise will occur around
5:30 p.m., the exact time depend
ing upon the latitude and longi
tude of the place concerned.
Since the umbra, or dark shad
ow, will start to bite into the
eastern side of the moon at 5:05
p.m. P.S.T., a part of the lunar
face will already be darkened
at moonrise. The gradual in
crease to tatality will then re
quire almost another hour
Those farther will be more fortunate,
Almanacs list the eclipse as
starting and ending with the
penumbra Many persons are
quite confused by this and be
lieve, since they can see nothing
unusual, that astronomers have
made an error in their predic
tions. Unless one is expert in
such observation, he is not apt
to detect the partial dimming of
the moon's surface during this
phase. It is not a shadow at
all the term means "almost
shadow." But when the umbra,
the real shadow, starts to move
over the lunar face, it is dis
tinctly black and cannot be
missed.
It is quite generally under
stood that lunar eclipses occur
when the moon, which gets its
light from the sun, moves into
the shadow of the earth. This
always occurs at full moon,
when this body in its revolution
eastward around the earth gets
in a position opposite the sun as
seen by earth dwellers. This
general position occurs at every
full moon, but most months the
moon is then a little above or
below the earth's shadow.
Only rarely does our lunar
neighbor entirely disappear dur
ing a total eclipse. Usually it
remains dimly visible as a cop
pery red sphere due to refrac
tion of some sunlight as it passes
through the ring of atmosphere
surrounding the earth.
Since many grown people
cannot recall ever having seen
a total lunar eclipse, it is strong-
Tuna Pack in West
To Exceed '48 Record
Washington, Oct. 3 U.R The
U.S. fish and wildlife service
predicted today that this year's
tuna pack on the west coast will
break all records, if present con
ditions continue.
The FWS said that California
packers already are 100,000 ca
ses above last year's record
crop. Oregon and Washington,
however, have fallen behind last
year's catch. This, however, may
be made up through the pack
ing in Oregon of catches made
off China, Japan and other far
eastern countries. Most of this
catch is packed in Oregon.
Now the factory turns out facture of all types of naval
rockets and other weapons and equipment
equipment for "push-button
warfare.
It was the young republic's
first naval shipbuilding and fitting-out
yard. George Washing
ton helped select the 20-acrc
swampland site on the Anacostia
river one mile from the capitol
building. The land cost only $4,-000.
The Constitution, Constella
tion and other renowned ships of
the first American navy docked
at the yard for repairs and sup
plies. The brig Wasp, first ship
built there, won fame by captur
ing the British vessel Frolic in
the war of loiz.
More than 100 years ago, En
gineer John Dahlgren revolu
tionized the navy's ordnance sys
tem and worked on rocket de
velopment in the yard. The
navy's first steam engines were
built there.
The yard was the chief pro-
During World War I, the yard
designed experimental batteries
of 16- and 18-inch guns for bat
tl e s h i p s . Its most famous.
achievement in that period was
the rapid design and completion
of railway guns for use against
the German armies in France.
During World War II, the gun
factory was the center for devel
opment of a great variety of new
weapons in naval and air war
fare. It also claims a part, along
with many other technical insti
tutions, in the making of the
first atom bomb.
The gun factory today is a
125-acre reservation with 18b
buildings and a working force ol
about 8000, including scientists,
engineers, artisans and clerks
During World War II, it had
peak employment of more thar
24.000.
The gun factory makes man
other things besides naval guns
Among these are machinegun:
Capital Journal, Salem, Ore., Monday. October 3, 1949 13
ducer of naval guns during the,for new jet airplanes, guided
ly suggested that public school
teachers urge their pupils to ob
serve, if possible, this interest
ing phenomenon on the evening
of October 6.
Last April 12, an almost 100
per cent observation was scored
by the 246 pupils of the astro
nomically - minded science in
structor, Mrs. Fay Van Schoi
ack, of the Prineville, Ore.,
schools. The following day, all
but one reported viewing the
eclipse. This one, ill and out
of school for week, had for
gotten the date.
Eclipse Timetable
Moon enters penumbra, 3:50
p.m. PST; 4:50 p.m. MST; 5:50
p.m. CST. Moon enters umbra
5:05 p.m. PST: 6:05 p.m. MST;
7:05 p.m. CST. Total eclipse
begins 6:20 p.m. PST; 7:20 p.m.
MST; 8:20 p.m. CST. Total
eclipse ends 7:33 p.m. PST; 8:33
p.m. MST; 9:33 p.m. CST. Moon
leaves umbra 8:48 p.m. PST;
9:48 p.m. MST; 10:48 p.m. CST.
Moon leaves penumbra 10:03
p.m. PST; 11:03 p.m. MST;
12:03 a.m. CST.
Civil war. It was the base for the
Potomac flotilla, which operated
to keep water communications
open from the capital to the sea.
The first Japanese diplomatic
mission to the United States ar
rived at the yard in 1860. When
J. H. Surratt, alleged accomp
lice of John Wilkes Booth in the
assassination of Lincoln, was re
turned from abroad, Washington
police took him into custody at
the navy yard.
The body of the Unknown
Soldier of World War I, brought
back from France for burial in
Arlington n a t i o n al cemetery,
was taken ashore at the yard.
Lingberg landed there when he
returned from Europe after his
trans-Atlantic flight in the Spir
it of St. Louis.
The frigate Brandywine,
which carried Lafayette back to
France from his farewell tour of
the United States in 1825, was
built at the Washington yard.
So also was the frigate Minneso
ta, flagship at Hampton Roads
during the battle of the Monitor
and the Merrimac.
As the size of navy vessels
increased and the channel of the
Anacostia river grew shallower,
most of the building and repair
activities were transferred to
yards closer to the sea. Washing
ton, however, continued to be
the. center of design and manu-
missile components, rockets and
rocket launchers, bomb and tor
pedo equipment, munitions, fire
control and electronic equip
ment. It also does a lot of odd jobs
servicing the president's special
railway car as well as his yacht,
repairing the subway between
the senate office building and
the capitol and making hundreds
of bronze plaques which adorn
government buildings.
- Accidents cause 42 times as
many deaths among U.S. chil
dren as does infantile paralysis.
Nothing Down Pay Monthly
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14S3 Rure St. West Salem
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430 N. Commercial
Salem, Ore.