NATION
East Oregonian
A6
Friday, January 4, 2019
Phone apps could monitor teen angst
By LINDSEY TANNER
Associated Press
Rising suicide rates and
depression in U.S. teens
and young adults have
prompted researchers to
ask a provocative question:
Could the same devices that
some people blame for con-
tributing to tech-age angst
also be used to detect it?
The idea has sparked a
race to develop apps that
warn of impending mental
health crises. Call it smart-
phone psychiatry or child
psychology 2.0.
Studies have linked
heavy smartphone use
with worsening teen men-
tal health. But as teens
scroll through Instagram
and Snapchat, tap out texts
or watch YouTube vid-
eos, they also leave digital
footprints that might offer
clues to their psychological
well-being.
Changes in typing speed,
voice tone, word choice
and how often kids stay
home could signal trouble,
according to preliminary
studies.
There might be as many
as 1,000 smartphone “bio-
markers” for depression,
said Dr. Thomas Insel, for-
mer head of the National
Institute of Mental Health
and now a leader in the
smartphone
psychiatry
movement.
Researchers are test-
ing experimental apps that
use artificial intelligence
to try to predict depres-
sion episodes or potential
self-harm.
“We are tracking the
equivalent of a heartbeat for
the human brain,” said Dr.
Alex Leow, an app devel-
oper and associate profes-
sor of psychiatry and bioen-
gineering at the University
of Illinois’ Chicago campus.
At least, that’s the goal.
There are technical and eth-
ical kinks to work out —
including privacy issues
and making sure kids grant
permission to be monitored
so closely. Developers
say proven, commercially
available mood-detecting
apps are likely years — but
not decades — away.
“People often feel that
these things are creepy,”
because of the tech indus-
try’s surreptitious tracking
of online habits for com-
mercial purposes, said Uni-
versity of Oregon psycholo-
gist Nick Allen.
Using smartphones as
mental illness detectors
would require informed
consent from users to install
an app, “and they could
withdraw permission at any
time,” said Allen, one of
the creators of an app that
is being tested on young
people who have attempted
suicide.
“The biggest hurdle at
the moment,” Allen said,
“is to learn about what’s the
signal and what’s the noise
— what is in this enormous
amount of data that people
accumulate on their phones
that is indicative of a mental
health crisis.”
Depression affects about
3 million U.S. teens, and
rates have climbed in the
past decade. Last year, 13
percent of 12- to 17-year-
olds had depression, up
from 8 percent in 2010, U.S.
government data show. One
in 10 college-aged Ameri-
cans is affected.
Suicide has risen to the
second leading cause of
death for ages 10 to 34.
Rates among teen girls dou-
bled from 2007 to 2015,
climbing to 5 per 100,000.
And among boys, rates
jumped 30 percent, to 14 in
100,000.
A recent study suggested
a parallel rise in smartphone
use likely contributed.
People with mental ill-
ness typically get treatment
“when they’re in crisis and
very late in the course of an
illness. We want to have a
method to identify the ear-
liest signs,” in an objective
way, Insel said.
If smartphones prove to
AP Photo/Haven Daley
Laurel Foster holds her phone on Nov. 1, 2018, in San Francisco. Foster is among teens involved in Stanford University research
testing whether smartphones can be used to help detect depression and potential self-harm.
be accurate mood predic-
tors, developers say the ulti-
mate goal would be to use
them to offer real-time help,
perhaps with automated
text messages and links to
help lines, or digital alerts
to parents, doctors or first
responders.
Facebook is already
doing just that with what
it calls “proactive detec-
tion.” Last year, after a live-
streamed suicide, Facebook
trained its AI systems to flag
certain words or phrases in
online posts that could indi-
cate imminent self-harm.
Friends’ comments express-
ing concern about the user’s
well-being are part of the
equation.
“In the last year, we’ve
helped first responders
quickly reach around 3,500
people globally who needed
help,” Facebook CEO Mark
Zuckerberg announced in
November. Facebook has
not disclosed outcomes of
those cases.
AP Photo/Haven Daley
Laurel Foster looks at Instagram in San Francisco on Nov. 1. 2018. App developers say as teens
scroll through Instagram and Snapchat, tap out texts, or hole up in their rooms watching
YouTube, they’re leaving enormous digital footprints that may offer clues to their psyches.
Studies are underway to find out.
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