NATION
East Oregonian
Page 6A
Friday, July 13, 2018
Detaining immigrant kids is a billion-dollar industry
Associated Press
SAN ANTONIO — Detaining
immigrant children has morphed
into a surging industry in the U.S.
that now reaps $1 billion annually
— a tenfold increase over the past
decade, an Associated Press analy-
sis finds.
Health and Human Services
grants for shelters, foster care and
other child welfare services for
detained unaccompanied and sep-
arated children soared from $74.5
million in 2007 to $958 million in
2017. The agency is also reviewing
a new round of proposals amid a
growing effort by the White House
to keep immigrant children in gov-
ernment custody.
Currently, more than 11,800
children, from a few months old to
17, are housed in nearly 90 facil-
ities in 15 states — Arizona, Cal-
ifornia, Connecticut, Florida, Illi-
nois, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan,
New Jersey, New York, Oregon,
Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia and
Washington.
They are being held while their
parents await immigration pro-
ceedings or, if the children arrived
unaccompanied, are reviewed for
possible asylum themselves.
In May, the agency issued
requests for bids for five projects
that could total more than $500 mil-
lion for beds, foster and therapeu-
tic care, and “secure care,” which
means employing guards. More
contracts are expected to come up
for bids in October.
HHS spokesman Kenneth
Wolfe said the agency will award
bids “based on the number of beds
needed to provide appropriate care
for minors in the program.”
The agency’s current facili-
ties include locations for what the
Trump administration calls “tender
age” children, typically under 5.
Three shelters in Texas have been
designated for toddlers and infants.
Others — including in tents in Tor-
nillo, Texas, and a tent-and-build-
ing temporary shelter in Home-
stead, Florida — are housing older
teens.
Over the past decade, by far
the largest recipients of taxpayer
money have been Southwest Key
and Baptist Child & Family Ser-
vices, AP’s analysis shows. From
2008 to date, Southwest Key has
Miguel Roberts /The Brownsville Herald via AP, File
Dignitaries take a tour of Southwest Key Programs Casa Padre, a U.S. immigration facility in Browns-
ville, Texas, where children who have been separated from their families are detained.
received $1.39 billion in grant
funding to operate shelters; Bap-
tist Child & Family Services has
received $942 million.
A Texas-based organization
called International Educational
Services also was a big recipient,
landing more than $72 million in
the last fiscal year before folding
amid a series of complaints about
the conditions in its shelters.
The recipients of the money run
the gamut from nonprofits, reli-
gious organizations and for-profit
entities. The organizations origi-
nally concentrated on housing and
detaining at-risk youth, but shifted
their focus to immigrants when
tens of thousands of Central Amer-
ican children started arriving at
the U.S.-Mexico border in recent
years.
They are essentially govern-
ment contractors for the Health and
Human Services Department — the
federal agency that administers the
program keeping immigrant chil-
dren in custody. Organizations like
Southwest Key insist that the chil-
dren are well cared for and that the
vast sums of money they receive
are necessary to house, transport,
educate and provide medical care
for thousands of children while
complying with government regu-
lations and court orders.
The recent uproar surrounding
AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster
Protesters place a large inflatable balloon in the likeness of Pres-
ident Donald Trump dressed in a Ku Klux Klan sheet across the
street from Southwest Key Campbell.
separated families at the border has
placed the locations at the center
of the controversy. A former Wal-
Mart in Texas is now a Southwest
Key facility that’s believed to be
the biggest child immigrant facility
in the country, and First Lady Mela-
nia Trump visited another South-
west Key location in Phoenix.
Advocates on both sides of the
aisle criticize the growing number
of kids housed in government shel-
ters, but they have different reasons
— and they blame each other.
“You can’t put a child in a
prison. You cannot. It’s immoral,”
said Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, a New
York Democrat who has been visit-
ing shelters.
Gillibrand said the shelters will
continue to expand because no sys-
tem is in place to reunite families
separated at the border. “These are
real concerns that the administra-
tion has not thought through at all,”
she said.
But President Donald Trump
says cracking down on immigra-
tion ultimately can lead to spend-
ing less money and having fewer
immigrants in government custody.
“Illegal immigration costs our
country hundreds of billions of dol-
lars,” he said at a recent rally. “So
imagine if we could spend that
money to help bring opportunity to
our inner cities and our rural com-
munities and our roads and our
highways and our schools.”
In April, Attorney General Jeff
Sessions announced a “zero toler-
ance policy” directing authorities
to arrest, jail and prosecute any-
one illegally crossing the border,
including people seeking asylum
and without previous offenses. As
a result, more than 2,300 children
were turned over to HHS.
In a recently released report, the
State Department decried the gen-
eral principle of holding children
in shelters, saying it makes them
inherently vulnerable.
“Removal of a child from the
family should only be considered as
a temporary, last resort,” the report
said. “Studies have found that both
private and government-run resi-
dential institutions for children, or
places such as orphanages and psy-
chiatric wards that do not offer a
family-based setting, cannot repli-
cate the emotional companionship
and attention found in family envi-
ronments that are prerequisites to
healthy cognitive development.”
Some in the Trump adminis-
tration describe the new policy as
a “deterrent” to future would-be
immigrants and asylum-seekers
fleeing violence and abject poverty
in Central America, Mexico and
beyond.
But Steven Wagner, acting
assistant secretary for the Admin-
istration for Children and Fami-
lies — an HHS division — said the
policy has exposed broader issues
over how the government can man-
age such a vast system.
“It was never intended to be a
foster care system with more than
10,000 children in custody at an
immediate cost to the federal tax-
payer of over $1 billion dollars per
year,” Wagner said in a statement.
The longer a child is in gov-
ernment custody, the potential for
emotional and physical damage
grows, said Dr. Colleen Kraft, pres-
ident of the American Academy of
Pediatrics.
“The foundational relationship
between a parent and child is what
sets the stage for that child’s brain
development, for their learning, for
their child health, for their adult
health,” Kraft said.
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