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About East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current | View Entire Issue (July 18, 2015)
VIEWPOINTS Saturday, July 18, 2015 Quick takes Warm water stops fishing Open the dams already! Sheesh let’s let XV ¿VK VWXUJHRQ RQO\ D IHZ GD\V RXW RI D year, but the state can kill them. — Jonathan Hale , ZRXOG ORYH WR VHH WKH VSHHG ERDWV EDQQHG LQ WKH &ROXPELD 0RUURZ &RXQW\ XQWLOWKLVSUREOHPLVUHVROYHG — Ko-Ko Lalonde Northwest earthquake risk ,OLYHRQWKHFRDVWQRZ:HNQRZWKHULVNV Anything can happen to anyone at any time. /LYHZHOODQGORYHKDUGDQGKRSHIXOO\ZHZLOO DOOJHWWRFRQWLQXHWRGRVRIRUDORQJWLPH — Karen E. Davis ,W GH¿QLWHO\ PDNHV PH IHHO XQHDV\ WR NQRZ WKDW WKHUH LV QR SODQ ZLWK RYHU- ZKHOPLQJHYLGHQFH$WWKHVDPHWLPHPRVW SHRSOHVKRXOGNQRZE\QRZWKHULVNDVVRFL- DWHGZLWKOLYLQJWRZDUGVWKHFRDVW — Jennifer Bush ,IHHOOLNHVRPHRQHJRWVLFNRIKLJKUHDO estate prices and rent increases in both 6HDWWOH DQG 3RUWODQG DQG FDPH XS ZLWK D ZD\ WR GLVFRXUDJH SHRSOH IURP PRYLQJ there. — Zack Rock Bacon-flavored seaweed? %HVWQHZVDOOGD\ — Lindsey Lambert 2K,VRKRSHWKLVFDQEHXVHGIRUVXVKL — Phil Wright 6RDOO\RXKDYHWRGRWRWKLVYHJHWDEOHWR PDNHLWJRRGLVIU\LW",WKDVWKDWLQFRPPRQ ZLWKHYHU\YHJHWDEOHLQH[LVWHQFH — Jeremy Clark 2QHZRUG12 — Joy Senger One of the great lessons of the Twitter age is that much can be summed up in just a few words. Here are some of this week’s takes. Tweet yours @Tim_Trainor or email editor@eastoregonian. com, and keep them to 140 characters. Page 5A :DOORZD:KLWPDQIRUHVWUHYLVLRQQHHGVLQSXW T KH:DOORZD:KLWPDQ IXWXUHUHVRXUFHPDQDJHPHQWQHHGV 1DWLRQDO)RUHVWLVZHOOLQWR DQGSURYLGHUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRU summer mode. And that URDGVZKHUHUHVRXUFHFRQFHUQVKDYH PHDQVWKHXVXDOLQFUHDVHLQIRUHVW EHHQLGHQWL¿HGDVZHOODVORRNLQJDW DFWLYLWLHVIRUHVWYLVLWDWLRQDQGWKH WKRVHURDGVZKHUHZHGRQRWKDYH opportunity to enjoy the seasonal concerns. Based on the analysis roads VSOHQGRURIWKH%OXH0RXQWDLQV FRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGIRUDVWDWXVFKDQJH $VZHDSSURDFKWKHEXVWOLQJ (opened, closed, decommissioned or VXPPHUVHDVRQ,ZDQWHGWRUHOD\ FRQYHUWHGWRDPRWRUL]HGWUDLO7KHVH Tom WKHVWDWXVRIRQJRLQJSODQQLQJ Montoya DUHRQO\UHFRPPHQGDWLRQVZKLFK SURMHFWVKHUHRQWKHIRUHVW ZRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGDVSDUWRIIXWXUH Comment $VPRVWRI\RXNQRZZH SURMHFWOHYHOGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ are continuing to engage our 7KH:DOORZD:KLWPDQUHPDLQV FRPPXQLWLHVRQIRUHVWSODQUHYLVLRQ committed to completing the Subpart A IRFXVLQJRQVHYHUDONH\WRSLFVWKDWKDYH DQDO\VLVE\WKLVIDOO EHHQEURXJKWIRUZDUGWKURXJKIRUPDO 7KHIRUHVWKDVLQFRUSRUDWHGNH\ public comments and continued public public concerns raised during the public LQYROYHPHQW7KHIRUHVWZLOOEHSDUWLFLSDWLQJ LQYROYHPHQWSURFHVVRYHUWKHSDVW\HDUV$ in upcoming public engagement SUHOLPLQDU\GUDIW7$5WKDWDGGUHVVHVWKHVH RSSRUWXQLWLHVWKURXJKDVVLVWDQFHIURPORFDO FRQFHUQVLVFXUUHQWO\XQGHUJRLQJUHYLHZDW organizations including counties, tribes, RXUUHJLRQDORI¿FH PHPEHUVRIWKHSXEOLFDQGVWDNHKROGHU %DVHGRQWKHUHYLHZUHVXOWVWKHIRUHVW groups. ZLOOFRPSOHWHDQ\XSGDWHVRUFKDQJHV :HGRQ¶WKDYHDOOWKHPHHWLQJVVFKHGXOHG QHHGHGDQGWKHFRPSOHWH7$5ZLOOEH in the communities surrounding the PDGHDYDLODEOHWRWKHSXEOLFDQGVKDUHG :DOORZD:KLWPDQEXWDUHZRUNLQJKDUGRQ ZLWKRXUFRPPXQLWLHV,WLVDOVRLPSRUWDQW PDNLQJVXUHRXUSXEOLFVKDYHDQRSSRUWXQLW\ WRXQGHUVWDQGWKDWWKH7$5LVDOLYLQJ WREHDSDUWRIWKLVGLDORJXHRQWKH)RUHVW document that may be updated as needed in 3ODQ5HYLVLRQ6RPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQLV WKHIXWXUH7KLVDQDO\VLVLVRQO\SURYLGLQJ coming soon about meetings in the area and URDGPDQDJHPHQWVXJJHVWLRQVIRUIXWXUH KRZ\RXFDQSDUWLFLSDWH VLWHVSHFL¿FSODQQLQJHIIRUWVDQGWKRVH 6HFRQGO\WKH:DOORZD:KLWPDQ VLWHVSHFL¿FSODQQLQJHIIRUWVZLOOEHRSHQ 1DWLRQDO)RUHVWLVFRQWLQXLQJLWVHIIRUWVWR IRUFRPPHQWIURPWKHSXEOLFSULRUWRDQ\ FRPSOHWH6XESDUW$RIWUDYHOPDQDJHPHQW decision. planning. Subpart A process is a science- ,VWURQJO\HQFRXUDJHIXUWKHUSXEOLF based, interdisciplinary roads analysis at LQYROYHPHQWGXULQJVLWHVSHFL¿FSURMHFW WKHIRUHVWOHYHOWKDWZLOOEHGRFXPHQWHGLQ SODQQLQJHIIRUWVZKHQURDGPDQDJHPHQW D7UDYHO$QDO\VLV5HSRUW,WLVLPSRUWDQW GHFLVLRQVZLOODFWXDOO\EHPDGH to understand that Subpart A is a process 0DQ\IRONVPD\UHFDOOWKDWWKHIRUHVW DQGQRWDGHFLVLRQZLWKDFWLRQVWREH SUHYLRXVO\SUHSDUHGDQHQYLURQPHQWDO LPSOHPHQWHG7KH7$5LVDOLYLQJGRFXPHQW LPSDFWVWDWHPHQWDQG5HFRUGRI'HFLVLRQ WKDWGLVSOD\V¿QGLQJVDVRSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU6XESDUW%RI7UDYHO0DQDJHPHQW DQGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVWRLQIRUPIXWXUH Subpart B is the process to actually PDQDJHPHQWGHFLVLRQV7KH7$5ZLOO designate the roads, trails and areas VXSSRUWWKHREMHFWLYHVIRXQGLQWKHFXUUHQW DYDLODEOHIRUSXEOLFPRWRUYHKLFOHXVHDQG :DOORZD:KLWPDQIRUHVWSODQDVDPHQGHG SXEOLVKLQDPRWRUL]HGYLVLWRUXVHPDS 7KHURDGV\VWHPLGHQWL¿HGXQGHUWKH $IWHUFDUHIXOFRQVLGHUDWLRQDQGUHFRJQL]LQJ 6XESDUW$DQDO\VLVZRXOGEHDEDVHOLQH LQWHQVHFRPPXQLW\FRQFHUQVLWZDV V\VWHPIRU)RUHVW6HUYLFHDGPLQLVWUDWLRQ GHWHUPLQHGWRZLWKGUDZWKHGHFLVLRQLQHDUO\ DQGPDQDJHPHQWRIQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVDFURVV 2012. WKHIRUHVWFRQVLGHUORQJWHUPIXQGLQJ ,Q0DUFK-LP3HxD3DFL¿F H[SHFWDWLRQVGHVFULEHSRWHQWLDORSWLRQV 1RUWKZHVWUHJLRQDOIRUHVWHUGLUHFWHGPHDV IRUURDGVQRWLGHQWL¿HGDVQHFHVVDU\IRU IRUHVWVXSHUYLVRUIRUWKH:DOORZD:KLWPDQ 0HPRULHVIURPWKHJHDUVKHG WREHWUXHWKHRQHVWKDWZRUNHGXQWLOWKH UHODWLRQVKLSEHFDPHXQFRPIRUWDEOHWKHRQHV WKDWWXUQHGRXWWREHXQH[SHFWHGO\IUDJLOH$ IHZRIWKHP²WKHEDFNSDFNVQRWER\IULHQGV ,FRXOGSXWLWRIIQRORQJHU7KHJHDUVKHG ²HQGHGXSJHWWLQJFKHZHGE\PDUPRWV KDGORQJEHHQDQREMHFWRIFRQWHQWLRQLQP\ ,QRQHFRUQHUOXUNHGWKH;WUD7XIUXEEHU PDUULDJH³<RXGRQ¶WXVHKDOIWKLVVWXII´P\ ERRWVDQGND\DNSDGGOHIURPP\6RXWKHDVW KXVEDQGREVHUYHGPRUHWKDQRQFH³<RX $ODVNDGD\V,QWKLVODQGORFNHGVXQGUHQFKHG QHHGWRJRWKURXJKLWDQGPDNHPRUHURRP´ FRUQHURIQRUWKHDVW2UHJRQZRXOG,HYHUQHHG 'H¿DQWO\KHUROOHGKLVIDWWLUHGELNHLQWRWKH WKHPDJDLQ":RXOG,HYHU¿[IHQFHDJDLQZLWK OLYLQJURRPDQGOHIWLWWKHUH WKHVHOHDWKHUJORYHVIHHOWKHIXOOERG\VKXGGHU +HPHWP\JD]H³:K\LVWKDWELNHLQ RIDURFNEDUKLWWLQJLPPRYDEOHHDUWKRUKROG KHUH"7KDWELNHLVLQKHUHEHFDXVHWKHUH¶VQR RQHHQGRIDPLVHU\ZKLSVOLFLQJWKURXJKD URRPLQWKHVKHG%HFDXVHWKHVKHGLVIXOORI GRZQHGWUHHWKDWEORFNHGDWUDLO",KDGRQFH \RXUVWXII´ KDGWKHODWHVWLQ¿UH¿JKWLQJJHDUKLJKKHHOHG ,VXUUHQGHUHG³2.,¶PJRLQJLQ´,VDLG logger boots that slid like butter onto my DQGVWHHOHGP\VHOIIRUWKHWDVNDKHDG IHHWDIDQF\OXPEDUSDFNWKDWKXQJMXVWULJKW )RUGHFDGHV,ZDVDJ\SV\HYHU\WKLQJ, RZQHG¿WLQWKHEDFNRID&KHYHWWH$VHDVRQDO DURXQGP\KLSV1RZWKDWZDVROGVFKRRO SDUNUDQJHU,IROORZHGVXPPHUUDQJLQJIURP WKHUHZDVQHZHUEHWWHUJHDU %\WKHHQGRIWKHGD\,KDGDFFXPXODWHGD :DVKLQJWRQWR,GDKRWR&DOLIRUQLDPDNLQJD ODUJHSLOHWREULQJWRP\WRZQ¶VJHDUVZDS±± ORQJORRSWKURXJK)ORULGDDQG1HZ0H[LFR VOHHSLQJEDJV,¶GIRUJRWWHQ,RZQHGDND\DN ¿JKWLQJ¿UHVDQGOHDGLQJLQWHUSUHWLYHWDONV FDUWWHQWVWKDWFRXOGKRXVHDVPDOOIDPLO\ 0RUHUHFHQWO\,PRYHGIURP2UHJRQWR 3LOLQJHYHU\WKLQJLQWKHWUXFN,IHOWERWKUHOLHI $ODVNDDQGEDFNDJDLQVWULSSLQJGRZQWRWKH EDVLFV,SDUHGGRZQHYHU\WKLQJ±±H[FHSWIRU DQGVRUURZ:K\ZDVLWVRKDUGWROHWWKHSDVW JR",KDGDJUHDWOLIHQRZQRORQJHUVXEMHFW my gear. WRWKHZKLPVRIWKHZHDWKHUQRORQJHUEHDWHQ I kept it all because I suspected that it GRZQE\DDQKRXUZDJHDQGWKHKHIWLQJ ZRXOGEHKDUGWROHWDQ\WKLQJJR$QG,ZDV RIDKHDY\FKDLQVDZLQWKHIUHH]LQJELWWHUUDLQ ULJKW7KLVZDVOLNHDQDUFKDHRORJLFDOGLJ, ZDV¿QGLQJP\ZD\GRZQWKURXJKWKHOD\HUV 7KRVHZHUHWKHWLPHVLWZDVHDV\WRIRUJHW ZKHQUHPLQLVFLQJ RIWKHSHUVRQ,XVHGWREH 7KHWUXWK,NQHZZDVWKLV,W¶VKDUG (DFKLWHP,DGGHGWRWKHWRJRSLOHIHOW JHWWLQJROGHUZKHQ\RX¶UHVWLOOLQORYHZLWKWKH OLNHOHWWLQJJRRIDPHPRU\+HUHZHUHWKH RXWGRRUV$VPXFKDV\RX¿JKWDJLQJWRRWK ZDWHUERWWOHSDFNVIURPP\SUHNQHHVXUJHU\ DQGQDLODVPXFKDV\RXZRUNWRNHHSXSWKH GD\VZKHQ,FRXOGVWLOOUXQPLOHVLQIRXU SDFH\RXZLOOQHYHUEHDJDLQVFUDPEOLQJ hours and change. Sorting through them, I IHDUOHVVO\XSDWDOXVVORSHNQRZLQJHYHU\WKLQJ remembered my intrepid running partner, ZLOOWXUQRXWDOOULJKWEHFDXVHLWDOZD\VKDVVR .HQMXVWRXWVLGHRI6LWND$ODVNDWKHWZR IDU RIXVGRGJLQJVDOPRQJXWVIUHVKO\GUDJJHG %XWKRZPDQ\PRUH\HDUVPRQWKVGD\V E\EURZQEHDUVRQWRD¿VKKDWFKHU\URDG, FRXOGKHDUXVVLQJLQJ³,¶YHORVWWKDWORRYLQJ GLG,KDYH":KHQZRXOGPLOHGD\VEHFRPH ¿YH]HUR",NQHZ,ZDVOXFNLHUWKDQ IHHHHOLQJ´EHOORZLQJVRXOIXOO\DWWKHWRSRI RWKHUVZKRKDGVXFFXPEHGWRUDQGRPIDOOV RXUOXQJVWRVFDUHDZD\WKHEHDUV OLJKWQLQJVWULNHVLOOQHVV,WZDVXQIDLUWR 7KDW&ROHPDQEDFNSDFNLQJVWRYHWKH ¿UVWRQH,ERXJKWZLWKP\RZQPRQH\ZDVD FRPSODLQ%XW,GLG,ZDQWHGLWDOO²WKH IUHHGRPWRIROORZWKHVHDVRQVSOXVWKH behemoth by today’s standards. The upgrade, WKH¿QLFN\065:KLVSHUOLWHKDGDEDGKDELW VHFXULW\RIVWHDG\ZRUNWKHVHQVHRIEHLQJ IRRWORRVH\HW¿UPO\DQFKRUHG²DWKRXVDQG RIH[SORGLQJLQDEDOORIÀDPHLQWKH,GDKR PRUHVXQVHWVDQGPRXQWDLQVDQGDOLIHZLWK EDFNFRXQWU\DVDUHVXOWRIRYHUSULPLQJ, no end in sight. remembered nights at high lakes camped Ŷ ZLWKORQJJRQHFRPSDQLRQVHQFDVHGLQGRZQ Mary Emerick is a contributor to Writers MDFNHWVWKHGDUNQHVVJLYLQJXVWKHFRXUDJHWR on the Range, a column service of High talk about our dreams. Country News. She declutters and writes in $GR]HQEDFNSDFNVOD\SLOHGRQDVKHOI Oregon. Her novel, The Geography of Water, 7KH\UHPLQGHGPHRIROGER\IULHQGV7KH ZLOOEHSXEOLVKHGLQ1RYHPEHU JRRGORRNLQJRQHVWKDWZHUHWRRJRRG By MARY EMERICK Writers on the Range East Oregonian 1DWLRQDO)RUHVWWRGHIHUDQ\DGGLWLRQDO ZRUNUHTXLUHGXQGHU6XESDUW%RIWKH 7UDYHO0DQDJHPHQW5XOHXQWLODIWHUWKH %OXH0RXQWDLQV)RUHVW3ODQ5HYLVLRQLV FRPSOHWHGZLWKWKHIROORZLQJH[FHSWLRQV +HOO¶V&DQ\RQ1DWLRQDO5HFUHDWLRQ$UHD %DOG$QJHODQG6OHG6SULQJV7UDYHO$UHD GHFLVLRQVWRFRPSO\ZLWKFRXUWRUGHUVWKDW UHVXOWHGIURPSDVWOLWLJDWLRQDQGFRPSOHWH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKHGHFLVLRQRQWKH6RXWK )RUN%XUQW5LYHU7UDYHO3ODQQLQJ$UHD ,QOLQHZLWKWKHUHJLRQDOGLUHFWLRQWKH :DOORZD:KLWPDQ1DWLRQDO)RUHVWRXWVLGH WKHDERYHH[FHSWLRQVKDVSDXVHG6XESDUW %DQDO\VLVXQWLOWKHIRUHVWSODQUHYLVLRQLV complete. Although the process is currently SDXVHGZHFRQWLQXHRXUHIIRUWVWRGHYHORS DQGEXLOGWUXVWDQGUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWK RXUFRPPXQLWLHVDQGZKHQZHUHVXPH ZRUNDFURVVWKHIRUHVWRQWKH6XESDUW% DQDO\VLVZHKRSHWRFRQWLQXHWRZRUNZLWK \RXWKURXJKERWKIRUPDODQGLQIRUPDO engagements. ,UHFRJQL]HWKDWWUDYHOPDQDJHPHQW planning continues to generate considerable SXEOLFLQWHUHVWDQGGHEDWH,DOVRNQRZ WKDWIRUHVWDFFHVVLVYLWDOWRVXVWDLQLQJWKH FXVWRPVFXOWXUHDQGHFRQRPLFVWDELOLW\RI WKHUHJLRQDQGWKDWWKHUHDUHDOVRWKRVHZKR DUHFRQFHUQHGDERXWWKHLPSDFWRIWKHURDG system on natural resources. %HFDXVHRIWKHVHFRQFHUQVWKHIRUHVW remains committed and obligated to SURYLGLQJDVDIHUHVSRQVLEOHDQGDIIRUGDEOH transportation system that meets the needs RIWKHQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVDQGSXEOLF, understand that this process has been and FRQWLQXHVWREHFKDOOHQJLQJEXWZHORRN IRUZDUGWRLQQRYDWLYHRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQG FUHDWLYHVROXWLRQVWKDWUHVXOWLQPHHWLQJ FRPPXQLW\QHHGVLPSURYLQJIRUHVWUHVRXUFH SURWHFWLRQDOOZKLOHPHHWLQJWKHLQWHQWRIWKH agency’s national policy. 7KDQN\RXIRUWDNLQJWLPHWRHQJDJHRQ WKHVHLPSRUWDQWLVVXHVDQG,ORRNIRUZDUGWR DOORIRXUFRPPXQLW\FRQYHUVDWLRQV +DYHDVDIHDQGHQMR\DEOHVXPPHUWLPH LQWKHVSOHQGLGODQGVFDSHRIWKH:DOORZD :KLWPDQ1DWLRQDO)RUHVW Ŷ Tom Montoya is supervisor of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest in Eastern Oregon. Liberals and wages H LOODU\&OLQWRQJDYHKHU¿UVW EXW3HQQV\OYDQLDGLGQRW big economic speech Monday, Until the Card-Krueger study, DQGSURJUHVVLYHVZHUHE\DQG PRVWHFRQRPLVWVP\VHOILQFOXGHG ODUJHJUDWL¿HG)RU&OLQWRQ¶VPHVVDJH assumed that raising the minimum ZDVWKDWWKHIHGHUDOJRYHUQPHQWFDQ ZDJHZRXOGKDYHDFOHDUQHJDWLYH DQGVKRXOGLQÀXHQFHWRSXVKIRU HIIHFWRQHPSOR\PHQW%XWWKH\ KLJKHUZDJHV IRXQGLIDQ\WKLQJDSRVLWLYH &RQVHUYDWLYHVKRZHYHU²DW HIIHFW7KHLUUHVXOWKDVVLQFHEHHQ OHDVWWKRVHZKRFRXOGVWRSFKDQWLQJ FRQ¿UPHGXVLQJGDWDIURPPDQ\ Paul ³%HQJKD]L%HQJKD]L%HQJKD]L´ Krugman HSLVRGHV7KHUH¶VMXVWQRHYLGHQFH ORQJHQRXJKWRSD\DWWHQWLRQ² WKDWUDLVLQJWKHPLQLPXPZDJH Comment VHHPHGEHPXVHG7KH\EHOLHYH FRVWVMREVDWOHDVWZKHQWKH WKDW5RQDOG5HDJDQSURYHGWKDW VWDUWLQJSRLQWLVDVORZDVLWLVLQ JRYHUQPHQWLVWKHSUREOHPQRWWKHVROXWLRQ modern America. 6RZDVQ¶W&OLQWRQMXVWUHYLYLQJGHIXQFW +RZFDQWKLVEH"7KHUHDUHVHYHUDO ³SDOHROLEHUDOLVP´"$QGGRQ¶WZHNQRZ DQVZHUVEXWWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWLV WKDWJRYHUQPHQWLQWHUYHQWLRQLQPDUNHWV SUREDEO\WKDWWKHPDUNHWIRUODERULVQ¶W SURGXFHVWHUULEOHVLGHHIIHFWV" OLNHWKHPDUNHWIRUVD\ZKHDWEHFDXVH 1RVKHZDVQ¶WDQGQRZHGRQ¶W,Q ZRUNHUVDUHSHRSOH$QGEHFDXVHWKH\¶UH IDFW&OLQWRQ¶VVSHHFKUHÀHFWHGPDMRU SHRSOHWKHUHDUHLPSRUWDQWEHQH¿WVHYHQ FKDQJHVGHHSO\JURXQGHGLQHYLGHQFH WRWKHHPSOR\HUIURPSD\LQJWKHPPRUH LQRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIZKDWGHWHUPLQHV EHWWHUPRUDOHORZHUWXUQRYHULQFUHDVHG ZDJHV$QGDNH\LPSOLFDWLRQRIWKDWQHZ SURGXFWLYLW\7KHVHEHQH¿WVODUJHO\RIIVHW understanding is that public policy can do a WKHGLUHFWHIIHFWRIKLJKHUODERUFRVWVVRWKDW ORWWRKHOSZRUNHUVZLWKRXWEULQJLQJGRZQ UDLVLQJWKHPLQLPXPZDJHQHHGQ¶WFRVWMREV WKHZUDWKRIWKHLQYLVLEOHKDQG DIWHUDOO 0DQ\HFRQRPLVWVXVHGWRWKLQNRIWKH 7KHGLUHFWWDNHDZD\IURPWKLV labor market as being pretty much like the LQWHOOHFWXDOUHYROXWLRQLVRIFRXUVHWKDW PDUNHWIRUDQ\WKLQJHOVHZLWKWKHSULFHV ZHVKRXOGUDLVHPLQLPXPZDJHV%XW RIGLIIHUHQWNLQGVRIODERU²WKDWLVZDJH WKHUHDUHEURDGHULPSOLFDWLRQVWRR2QFH UDWHV²IXOO\GHWHUPLQHGE\VXSSO\DQG \RXWDNHZKDWZH¶YHOHDUQHGIURPZDJH GHPDQG6RLIZDJHVIRUPDQ\ZRUNHUV studies seriously, you realize that they’re not KDYHVWDJQDWHGRUGHFOLQHGLWPXVWEH UHOHYDQWMXVWWRWKHORZHVWSDLGZRUNHUV EHFDXVHGHPDQGLVIDOOLQJ )RUHPSOR\HUVDOZD\VIDFHDWUDGHRII ,QSDUWLFXODUWKHFRQYHQWLRQDOZLVGRP EHWZHHQORZZDJHDQGKLJKHUZDJH DWWULEXWHGULVLQJLQHTXDOLW\WRWHFKQRORJLFDO VWUDWHJLHV²EHWZHHQVD\WKHWUDGLWLRQDO FKDQJHZKLFKZDVUDLVLQJWKHGHPDQGIRU :DO0DUWPRGHORISD\LQJDVOLWWOHDV KLJKO\HGXFDWHGZRUNHUVZKLOHGHYDOXLQJ SRVVLEOHDQGDFFHSWLQJKLJKWXUQRYHUDQG EOXHFROODUZRUN$QGWKHUHZDVQRWKLQJ ORZPRUDOHDQGWKH&RVWFRPRGHORIKLJKHU much policy could do to change the trend, SD\DQGEHQH¿WVOHDGLQJWRDPRUHVWDEOH RWKHUWKDQDLGLQJORZZDJHZRUNHUVYLD ZRUNIRUFH$QGWKHUH¶VHYHU\UHDVRQWR VXEVLGLHVOLNHWKHHDUQHGLQFRPHWD[FUHGLW EHOLHYHWKDWSXEOLFSROLF\FDQLQDYDULHW\RI ZD\VHQFRXUDJHPRUHFRPSDQLHVWRFKRRVH 0RUHWKDQWZRGHFDGHVDJRWKH WKHJRRGZDJHVWUDWHJ\ HFRQRPLVWV'DYLG&DUGDQG$ODQ.UXHJHU 6RWKHUHZDVDORWPRUHEHKLQG&OLQWRQ¶V UHDOL]HGWKDWZKHQDQLQGLYLGXDOVWDWHUDLVHV LWVPLQLPXPZDJHUDWHLWLQHIIHFWSHUIRUPV speech than I suspect most commentators UHDOL]HG$QGIRUWKRVHWU\LQJWRSOD\JRWFKD DQH[SHULPHQWRQWKHODERUPDUNHW%HWWHU E\SRLQWLQJRXWWKDWVRPHRIZKDWVKHVDLG VWLOOLW¶VDQH[SHULPHQWWKDWRIIHUVDQDWXUDO FRQWUROJURXSQHLJKERULQJVWDWHVWKDWGRQ¶W GLIIHUHGIURPLGHDVWKDWSUHYDLOHGZKHQKHU KXVEDQGZDVSUHVLGHQWZHOOPDQ\OLEHUDOV UDLVHWKHLUPLQLPXPZDJHV&DUGDQG KDYHFKDQJHGWKHLUYLHZVLQUHVSRQVHWR Krueger applied their insight by looking at QHZHYLGHQFH,W¶VDQLQWHUHVWLQJH[SHULHQFH ZKDWKDSSHQHGWRWKHIDVWIRRGVHFWRU² ZKLFKLVZKHUHWKHHIIHFWVRIWKHPLQLPXP FRQVHUYDWLYHVVKRXOGWU\LWVRPHWLPH Ŷ ZDJHVKRXOGEHPRVWSURQRXQFHG²DIWHU Paul Krugman, The New York Times. 1HZ-HUVH\LQFUHDVHGLWVPLQLPXPZDJH
