Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About East Oregonian : E.O. (Pendleton, OR) 1888-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 25, 1914)
Twenty-eight Pages East Oregoni&n Round-Up Souvenir Edition Pendleton, Oregon, Friday, September, 25, 1914 Page Seven It Was Not So Easy to Cook In Those Days of Old The Control of Fire for Human laei la Recent ''.bin. Way back In the dim and misty past, ever and ever so long ago, the cooking of foodstuff wan' unknown and man primitive man lived on fruits, nuts and raw vegetables. No doubt he varied this diet with uch eggs, fledglings, small birds and mammals as he could get. With the coming of weapons, the pointed spear and the flint tipped arrow, man de veloped Into an eater of flesh. Wea pons made him bolder and no longer did he fear the destructive beasts with their claws and fangs. It was easy for him to stalk and slay bird' and beast, even the great mammoth and the giirnt sloth. Just how the art of cookery began we shall never know. As far back as we have any record of man we know that he cooked his food over fire, after a fashion. The kitchen middens of prehistoric iman show heaps of ashes, charcoal and half burned bones evidencing that early man knew the art of building a fire and made a serious attempt to cook his food. In the earlier days when fire was first obtained. It was carefully cher ished. The American Indians never allowed permanent camp fires to go out When on long marches one of the tribe carried a hollow stone con taining red-hot cull embedded !n ashes. Fire was later made by strik ing flint and by other means. Taking up the history of stov, they are really modern Inventions. Just as you can remember when there were no flying machines, so can your grandmother remember when the cooking was done over the fireplace with the aid of a long-legged spider and a pot hung on an Iron crane There were few stoves In those days. And so It was the same with their mothers, and grandmothers, through all the ages, for until less than two hundred years ago all cooking was done over the open fire or a Dutch ovpn. Home one had a brilliant Idea and brought the fire Inside the house, with the aid of a chimney and a fire place, where the cooking was done over the coals Just the same. Ite In the seventeenth century Cardinal Poltgnnc designed the first Iron Move. However, one was not M'en In America for many years aftr this. Shortly afterwards Count Hum ford Invented Improvements for eco nomizing the fuel and heat. It was In 171 that lies Acullers rearraned th Toltgnac stove with earthen sides and barks so as to burn anthracite conl. These desluns were on the plun of on 'pen fireplace. Uenjaniln Franklin Journeyed to Kngland. and In 1745 wrote to Phila delphia friends of a wonderful tier man Invention of a stove, consitinK of an Iron box made of five plates fastened together with screws. One side of the stove whs left open, and when set In position the open side, with n siiMike pipe, was in an ante room. When In ordinary use it was a fireplace, but the open side cmild be closed when dinner-time rolled around. In 1771 Franklin Invented n stove to burn bituminous chI. which stove was arranged so that it won! 1 consume its own smoke. Franklin's Invention had n downward draft. He later in vented another design of stovp, which had n tmsket grate and movable burs at the top and bottom supported on a pivot. The top would be filled with kindling, then the basket would be Inverted and the fire would burn at the base. . ... The Franklin stove, considerably modified, of course, came Into gen eral use in the United states between 1792 and 1825, and is still In use at the present time. Thee have been hundreds of modifications, etc'., since Franklin's time, and much inventive genius has been directed to base heat ing, anU-dinkerlng devices, etc. Perhaps one of the greatest aids to making stoves more convenient for modern cooking was the Invention of the friction, or phosphorus match In 1SJ2. Previous to the invention of this style of match the chemical match was used for producing fire, and the sulphur match for communi cating It. Before this era tinder, flint and steel were the means by which fire was made. The development of the modern cook stove owes much to the stove manufacturers of Troy and Albany. Long before the Civil War, Dr. Kli Phalet Xott, of Union College, Sche nectady, perfected a stove frr the burning of coal. It Is significant that this old Dutch city should be the scene of the development of the first cool stove and the place where the first modern electric range was produced. Out of the coal grew the gas stove. Someone discovered that It was easier and better to turn the coal into gas and to burn the gas In a stove for cooking irarposes. The gus stove re moved much of the dirt and smoke and eliminated the handling of fuel and ashes. j The next step In the perfection of cooking stoves was the Invention of the modern electric range wherein the Invisible fires of electricity are used to boll, bake and broil. The electric range draws current from the house wires, much the same as an electric lamp. At the pressure of a fink'er the stove Is. ready for use and the "fire" can be extinguished as quickly when the work Is done. The electric range wastes very little heat Every pre caution Is taken to prevent useless ra diation and consequent waste of the heat. The heat Is concentrated where It Is needed, where it will be most ef fective and most economical. The pioneers of the west suffered many disadvantages In the way of pre paring foods and their manner of liv ing was more simple than It Is today which may in much measure account for their hardihood. But while they hud the easier prepared foods, they nevertheless missed many excellent dishes which In this generation the Improved methods of cooking have made possible. The earlier homes had only one room which was kitchen, dining room, sleeping room and every thing. Their range was an immense fire-place and many of their prized dishes were cooked In the hot coals. And their couking was slow, so slow in furt that one day had to he set aside fur "buklnn day," a custom which still Is observed among many New Knliind families and pioneer families of the west. Hut the rapid methods of preparing food is gradu ally doing away with the "baking dv" idea nnd now mostly all our home pies and cakes come piping hot from the electric oven or the gas range. n "baking day" it was customary to hake huge quantities of pies, cakes, doughnuts, cookies and tunny other things which men nnd women have delighted In since the art of conking has been known. These "goodies" were then put aside in the great pitntry to come forth on occasions and Bladen the hearts of the children especially. Now the old order changeth. how ever, and the old methods are fast foiling Into disuse. They are gradu ally becoming as extinct as the giant leasts which primitive man hunted. In thr next few years who knows but thnsi things we pride ourselves upon soi grandly now may likewise be set nslde for even newer methods In that WHEN YOU THINK OF THE "ROUND-UP" THINK OF Pendleton' leading home for tourists and traveling men The Hotel St George THOROUGHLY REMODELED aim ft KIJXTRIC KLKVATOlt. MAUBLK IOIH1Y AND FltONT First -class In every particular. Nothing left undone for the comfort of our guests, EUROPEAN PLAN Heated by hot water. Elegantly furnished. Fire alarm con nections. Hot and cold water In every room. Irge Sample Itooitu and First-Class Grill, BLOCK AND A HALF FROM DEPOT , Geo. Darveau, Prop. n i An Old Poem the Wdt Knew Long Ago Tlie Days of '49. The following verses were learned by John Halley, Jr., pioneer 1'cndle tonian, when he was a boy and upon request, bum written them down and respectfully dedicates them to "Happy Canyon." You are Razing now on Old Tom Moore, A relic of by-gone days, And a bummer, too,-they call me now, Hut what care I for praise, For my heart Is filled with grief And oft do I repine For the days of oldthe days of gold. For. the days of forty-nine. My comrades I hud ,then were A Jovial and saucy crew. There were some hard coses, I con (tn. Hut Mill they were loyal and true, lliey'd never flinch, whate'er the 1 inch, ' They'd never fret nor whine. Hut, gocc." old bricks, they stool tlvs kirks In the days of forty-nine. There wjis New York Jake, the Butch er Boy, K fund of , getting tight And whenever Jake got on a spree He w.ih spoiling for a fight. Oik- niiiht he ran against a knife , In the hands of old Bob Cllne, So ever Jake we held a wake In the days of forty-nine. There wni' Monte Pete, I'll ne'er for-M"t The iJck he always had. He'd deal for you both night and Cm i As Ions as he had a scad. One night a pistol laid him out 'Twas his last lay out in fine. For they caught Pete sure, dead In the door. In the days of forty-nine. There ' was Buffalo Bill, who could outroar A buffalo bull, you bet, -He'd road all night and road all day And I believe he's roaring yet. One night he fell in a prospect hole, 'Twas a roarln bad design. For In tha't hole Bill roared out his soul In the days of forty-nine. I There was old Lame Jess, a hard old case, Who never would repent. He never missed a single meal And never paid a cent. But poor old Jess, like all the rest. Did at last to death resign. And In his bloom went up the flume In the days of forty-nine. A Of all the comrades I had then Not one Is left to toast, They have left me to my misery Like some poor wandering ghost. And as I travel from place to place, Peoyle call me a wandering sign And say, "There goes Tom Moore, a bummer sure ' . Of the days of forty-nine.' ENJOYMENT !IU !i Mtllll AND BENEFIT w E live our life but once, and the only way we can enjoy it is by making it pleasant for others and for ourselves as we go along day by day. 4ii!iiifimiiiiiiiiiiimi great institution of civilization the art of cooking. THK PLACK OF THE MOIIMNU (iU)W' (Continued from Page Six) Indians In gaady tunics and yucca fiber pantaloons crowding sideways through the halls to watch what to them must have been the gorgeous vestments of the priests! Then fol lowed the elevation of the Host, the bowing of the heads, the raising of the standard of the cross, and a new era that has not loded well for the Plmas and Papagos was ushered In. Then the Pupagos and Plmas scat tered to their antelope plains and to the mountains, snd the prtast went on to the miasion of San Xavle del Bac. The Jesuits, suffered expulsion and Oarce-z. the Franciscan, came In 1775 nnd ulso held mass in Cas.i Grande. Oarcex says It wns a tradition among the Moqul of the northern desert that they had originally come forth from the south, from "the Morning Glow" of Cnsa Grande, anj that they had inhabited the box canyons of the Gila, in the days when they were "a little people." This establishes Casa Grande as prior to the cave dwell ings of the Gila or Frljoles; and the cave dwellings were practically con temporaneous with the stone age and the lust centuries of the Ice age. New the cave dwellings had been aban doned for centuries before the Span iards came. This puts the very end of the cave age contemporaneous with or prior to the Christian era. In the center of the Casa Grande reservoir and across the doorways of caves iu Frljoles canyon, grow trees that have taken centuries to come to maturity. The Indian- tradition Ls that soon after "a very great flood of turbulent waters," In the days when the desert ; was knee-deep in grass, there came the Indian gods from the underworlJ to (lu-pll In (iom f?rjind CXat sol very different from theories of evo lution and transmigration. Is it?) The people waxed so numerous that they split off In two great families. One migrated to the south the Plmas, the Papagos, the Marlcopas; the oth ers crossed the mountains to the north, the Zunls, the Moquls the llopis. Yet another proof of the great an tiquity is In the language. Between Papago and Moqul tongue Is not the faintest resemblance. Now, if you trace the English ftinguage back to the days of Chaucer, you know that It Is still English. If you trace It back to B5 H. C. when the Roman and Saxon conquerors came, there are still words you recognize thane, serf, Thor, Woden, moors, borough, etc. That Is, you can trace rsecm hlances In language back 1900 years. You find no similarity In dialects be tween Plmas and Moqul, and very few similarities In physical confor mation. The only similarities are in types of structure In ancient houses and in arts and crafts. Both peo ple built tiered houses. Both peo ple made wonderful pottery and are fine weavers; Moqul of blankets, Pi ma of baskets; and both people as cribe the art of weaving to lessons learned from their goddess "the Spi der Maid." There are few fireplaces among the ancient dwellings of the Plmas and Papagos but lots of fire pits "sipap us" where the spirits of the gods came through from the underworld. Dancing floors May-pole rings abound among the cave dwellings; mounds and platforms and courts am. ang the Casa Grande ruins. The sun and serpent were favored symbols to both peoples, which Is easily under stood In a cloudless land where ser panta signified nearness of water springs, the greatest need of the peo ple. You can see among the cave dwellings where earthquakes have tumbled down whole masses of front rooms, and both Moqul and Papago have traditions of "the heavens rain ing fire." It has been suggested by scientists that the cliffs were cities of refuge In times of war, the caves and great houses were permanent dwellings. This la Inferred because there were no klvas, or temples, among the caves and great houses. Cushlng and Hough, and I think two or three others, regard Casa Grande as a temple or great community house, where the tribes of the southwest repaired semi-annually for their re ligious ceremonies and theatricals. We moderns express our emotions through the rhythm of song, of Jance of orchestra, of play and opera, of art. The Indian had his plctographs on the rocks for art, and his pottery and weaving to express his craftsman ship; but the rest of his artistic na ture was chiefly expressed by reli gious ceremonial, or theatrical dance, similar to the old miracle plays of' the middle ages. For instance, the Indians have not only a tradition of "a great flood," but of a malJen who was drawn from the underworld by her lover playing a flute, and the Flute Clans celebrate this by their flute dance. The yearly cleansing of the springs was as great a religious ceremony as the Israelites' cleansing of personal Impurity. Each family belonged to a clan, and each . clan had a religious lodge, secret as any modern lodge order. The mask dances of the southwest are much misunderstood by the white people. We see in them only what Is grotesque or perhaps ob scene. Yet the spirits of evil and the goodness are represented under the Indian's masked dances, jmt as the old miracle plays represented Faith, Hone, Charity, Lust, Greed, etc. There Is the Bird Dance representing the gyrations of humming-bird, mocking bird, quail, eagle, vulture. There Is the dance of the "mud-beads." Have The drinking of a glass or two of WALLA WALLA KLOSTER BRAU If I? PI iJ? U? liNb 0) 3 Knmnmniiiiiniianniiiiiiinninnniiiiinniinnnniiimiiinn!!!!!!!!! uiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuuiuauiiiiiiiiiiuiumuiiiiiHiiMiiiuiiiuiiiiuii i!IM!F"!H iiuautii- (Continued on page 12.) with your friends or family is a keen, healthful and in every way a beneficial pleasure 11 l'v V' 1 nmiiiiiiiiimiiimiiiiH "Let er Buck" and "Round-Up your friends at the Office Saloon Brewery Depot Saloon Crescent Saloon Bowman Bar and drink the Famous Walla Walla Beer fi!iMiminmiiinniiiiiimiiiiiti'.iii;iimiijiiiiiM uimiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiimiiiiiiiimiiiiiimiri Harvest With Gas - - - ' - .. . .. i This holt Holly Gasoline "vntr. Owned and Operated by C. II. Hub,, of Walla V.alla, Washington, was puliod tl.ruur.h out tills entire season by Twelve Horses. This Is a real demonstration of the eae and practicability T,r i, r?L,i ZT with H.dt ;.a Harvester. Talk with any of our customers who are tluStlFnS yon will readily be convinced. Let Us Mount an Engine on Your Harvester Now and be prepared for a quick and profitable harvest in 19 1 5 . L. SMITH & COMPANY Agents for The Holt Manufacturing Company Holt Fresno Scrapers, Lubrioatinff Oils Drapers, Equalizing Hitches, Feeder, Babbit, Kivets, Heela C and Harvest bupplies. Holt Combined Harvesters. Holt Caterpillar -Harvesters, Holt Caterpillar iraetors, Holt Caterpillar Orchard Tractors. 0111 pound Ca Fiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiimiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Hiiimiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim iiuniiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii,iiiiiiiiiiiii,1