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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 4, 1887)
WILLAMETTE PAIiMER: SALEM, OREGON, FEBRUARY 4, 1887. 4 I year, (Poetve paid), In adrance t ' monthi, (Pottage pld), In edvancu. . I. 'J than tfx monllit will be, pot month 15 iMaed ferjr Week by the CXriLLAIIRTTK FAKMER PlinLIBIlINU t. II TKIIMS Or BUDBUUlt nun Oat real III moo Lett ADVEUSISINO nATrS I AdTtrtliementt will be Iniertod, prortdlnfr tn ru ttpectable, at the following Ublo of ratci : Onelnchoftpice-er month... " Khree Inchei of epace per month "J I ne-helf column per month HjBample eoploe eent tree on application, THE HATCH BILL IN CONQKESS. nUinPnAdrertlerecn obtain edrettljlnir relet bnluAuU ' "" TIIOMAH. 44 lUndoIph THIS PAPER ter Xcwipaper AtlvertleliiR Jlurcftii (10 HntUCH viiiTismo (:onthact8 Nrff I II II IV may bo wailo for It in ! I onfllnln Philadelphia nttlio Hownuaix-r AUer- TUIC DIPCR II"" I Eiil?tllnnAKrncr of Mi-mi. M. W. AYKW 50H.ourouuiuri-u agca ClftClNATTI admtlicrt can cell at ne itreet. end get eitlmttce. Our etnt ere I'AIH IMS HO.. FISHER : SAN FRANCISCO Will quote Uvoreble rttf-2l Merchant fciclianye. tl.OOO DOLLARS Wo nro compelled to pay demands mado upon uh thnt will fall duo during February nnd tboy amount to $1,000 and tho only way wo can do bo will bo to collect monoy from persons wbo owo neon subscription account. Wo bavo tent to nil statements of wbat tboy owo ns, and wo mint inhibt upon a rosponso to our just claims. Tbero in fully $2. fiOO duo us from parties nil over tliis State both for advertising and sub tcriptions. Wo do not intend to inflict our renders, wbo bavo paid nil demands, with dunning nrticles ho wo shall muko this notieo short. j")o not delay but attend to tbiH matter at onco ;' if not promptly paid tbo accounts will bo given lo a collcc tion ngonoy that bavo full facilities for forcing collections. StaUw mnst bo a good thoro is n mirplus in tho Tin: Unilod country, when treasury of 5.100,000,000, mid they don't know what to do with it. Uongross finds thin question hnrd to logislato on. Tub rost-Intolligoncor, of Senttlo, W. T., a largo nnd influential pnper, comes out with n plain assertion Hint snid pa per is not for woman's sufTrago. Tbo recent votoin CongiosHon this question gave the editor an opportunity to show bis colors. Tim Wi.'Atiikii for tho past woek has been decidedly Htormy. On Monday evoning thoro was a light full of snow nnd it lias continued to snow almost all tho timo Hiuco. Hut with all tho snow fall it will hardly cqunl a foot in depth. Au Oregon snow storm is dllleront from any otbor, insomuch that it is so lino; then it is necessary that tho sun shall como out ovcry-onco-in-a-whilo to cheer up tho citizons. Wk boliovo Washington Torritory to bo tbo first to givo sullVngo to women, and through this fnct has boon hotter thrown into notlro. Few ovon of our own people realize how largo a tract of country is embraced in Washington. Tberu is as muuh laud in that torritory as is contained in all tho Now Fuglaud .statin. There nro over thirty counties, roino as largo as a State. There is aid to bo 1)0,000 Hqiinro miles within its boumlorivs. A dozen Indian reserva tions take up over 6.000,000 acres. Un cle Sam has some laud loft yot. Tin: postal i.w makes it larcony to tnko n newspaper and rofuso to pay for it. A newspaper in Illinois recently brought suit against forty-threo men who would not pay their subscriptions, and obtalnod judgment in each for tho full amount of tho claim. Of these, twenty-oitht men made atlldavit that they owned no more property than tho law allowed them, thus preventing at tachments. Then they, under tho de cision of tho Supremo Court, wero ar rested for petty larceny, ami bound over in tbo sum of :t00 each. All but six gave bonds, whilo six went to jail. A mm. has boon introduced in Con gress to refund to Northern States tho amounts paid out ly thoso common wealths directly to aid In tlio suppres sion of tho rebellion. Tho amount was Mid in tho shapo of a direct war tax in 1S01, nnd should tbo bill pass tho amount would bo quito n contribution to tbo oxchocquors of tiio sovernl States. Tho Ohio Legislature is anxious to fig uro tho amount duo that Stuto nnd urges upon its delegation in Congress to support tho measure. As tbo sum required to llquidnto this indebtedness is only 115,000,000 tho payment wonld not bo n groat Ux on tho National (iovornmeut. A mcaBuro known as tho Hatch bill is ponding iKiforo Congress that proposos an annual appropriation of $15,000 to Oitablisb experiment stations in agricul tural colleges of every Stato and Terri tory of tho Union. Last week wo showed tho use our own college at, Corvallis could bo to tbo farming interests of our Stnto if it wob equipped so as to experiment with grasses and crops, and nnnlyzo our soils. If this bill enn pnsB Congross and no doubt itenn, at somo timo if not now it will ondow our collcgo with tho means necessary to carry out its object and fill tho views wo bavo tnken. Thoro is no Stnto in tho Union and other torritory of cqunl area on tho globe, Hint possesses so varied and diff ering interests ns wo iinu in our own Statu. Along tho const, from tho Pacific ocean to tho summit of tho Const Itango wo bavo a long lino of shore, with diff oront width nnd changing as wo go bouUi from tbo ontranco of tho Colum bia. Bcsidos tho ordinary oconn influ ences, this coast lino is tomporcd by tho Osintlo curront and regular trndo winds of summor nnd winter. It is of ten heavily timbered, with rich valleys. and toward tho south it has a width of twenty miles, mndo up of rolling bills, covered with brush and timber. Ono fifth of this is rich bottom land and tho grcntcr part is hilly. Tho timo will como when it will bo occupied by fnrms nnd ranches, tho bills being calculated for grazing and tho bottoms a dcop lonm. Thin section now repols sottlors becnuso it must bo cleared, but in timo it will bo occupied, nnd with its ports nnd harbors, snw mills and coal mines, will jwssossn greater population than wo hnvo now in tho farming counties enst of tho Const Itango. Another chnngo of soil nnd climnto oc curs in tho Willamette, and tho country souiu oi mo uoiumui'i ns inr soiuii as Calipooia mountains. Tho Umpqua and Rogue Itiver Val loys havuyct anothor chnngo of soil nnd climate, tho temperature is warmer, tho productH earlier, and in ninny respects diil'er from tbo Willnmotto. Knst of tho mountains may seem n singlo climnto mid similar soil, but thoro aro not tho same conditions for any groat distance Along tho Columbia and tbo foot hills of tho Dluo mountains wo find n rich farming region ;nlong Snnko river, from Grand Hondo, to tho Orvyhco is a long stretch of valuablo country. Tbo Dluo mountains themselves will in duo timo oiler homes for thousands to farm and raise stock. Tho middlo country is high upland and back from tho Colum bia and including tho Mnlbour nnd Hartley Lake country, it pososscs simi lar traits. Southern nnd South-eastern Oregon, cant of tho Cascades, differs again from alt othor parts of our Stato. Hero wo bavo classed eight different regions, iucludod in tv Stato three hun dred miles square It is easy enough to bco that a woll equipped Stnto institu tion could 1)0 of immense vnluo in de termining tho producing capacity of overy section and in inducing sottlo ment and cultivation of each. Tho diflloulty to bo met will bp to do justico to tho regions described and in determining tbo producing vnluo of each. This however can bo met at tho timo tho means can bo commanded for tho purpose Tho Stato is npt to over look tho needs of agriculture, and legis latures and congress scorn to think that any ono can plow and sow and reap. It will bo tho provoneo of an agricultural college and e.erimont stations to go to work in a practical way to aid farming interests and educate farmors us a class by making results known through a farm journal. Tho Faiimeii has tried to work with the Stato Agricultural Socie ty and tho Agricultural College for re sults that would bo of uso to nil, but there wus wanting a linniielal basis to sustain such an effort. Since tho 6tato has helped the Stnto Agricultural Socie ty, that has boon put on a paying basis, and with if 1.500 a year, as propced by tho Lynch bill, to mnko tho college val uable to agriculture, wo can seo that there will bo somo ground for a farm journal to occupy to ndvautago it tho Lynch bill becomes a law and tho mon ey is ut hand to secure desired results, Sinco tho above was written wo have in Tuesdays Oregoniou n letter from rsp rcsoutativo Herman giving tho full par ticulars of tho Hatch bill, from which wo tako as follows : Tho object of these experiment sta tions is to conduct origiual researches or verify experiments on tho physiology of plants nnd animals s tbo diseoseo to which they nro severally subject, with tho remedies for tbo samo ; tho chemical composition of useful plants at their tivo advantages of rotalivo cropping B pursued under a varying series of crops; tho capacity of new plants or ticcs for ncclimation within tho isothermal lim its represented by tbo climate of tho sev eral stations and thoir vicinity; the an alysis of soils nnd water: tbo chemical composition of manures, natural or arti ficial, with experiments designed to test their comparative offocts on crops of different kinds; tho adaptation and value of grassos and forngo plants ; tho compo sition nnd digestibility of tho different kinds of food for domestic nnimnls; tho scientific nnd economic questions in volved in tho production of buttor and cheese Tlic80 illations arc lo bo under tbo di rections and control of tbo trustees of tho collcgo, nnd tboy nppoint a diroctor nnd such assistants as aro doomed noc cssary." In conclusion ho says: "I deem it my duty as a representative of tho pcoplo of urcgou lOBinuuurnuy oy imsuni.uiiu iu support it nnd voto for it in nil its trials and opposition. I beliovo its friends will triumph oven at this short session, and that wo ehnll mnko it a law beforo wo ndjourn, nnd in this opinion its dis tinguished mover, Mr. Hatch, concurs with mo." FRUIT OVER THB UNION PACIFIC Tho Portland News has bad an intor viow with Mr. P. P. Shelly, assistant goneral trnfio'mnnngcr of tho Union Pa cilia mil rond, regarding that company and its intentions toward Oregon. Our renders will rcmombor that this is tho trans continental lino tlmt now seeks admission to our very doors by leasing tbo O. It. & N. Company's road. Among othor things tho reportor aaked him about tho transportation of fruit. Ho replied ns follows : "It may not bo gen erally known, but it is a fact that tho States and Territories wost of tho Mis souri Itiver aro not adnptod to fruit raising, and tboy must look to Orogon for thoir supply.' Tin's Stato has n woll merited reputation for raising tho very best of fruit. At present wo aro haul ing fruit from California to Missouri Itiver points nt 1 conts per pound. This amount wo hnvo to divido with tho Central Pacific. Thoro would bo considerable advantago to tho Orogon fruit raiser if tho lcaso was in forco, as there would bo no sharing of profits then between two companies. Tho timo echedulo could bo nrrangod better nnd tho result of tho Union Pacific tak ing nu intorcst in creating n market could not holp but bo beneficial to tho fruit interests." Tho fruit growers of California bavo reaped great returns from tho uso of re frigorator enrs in shipping fruit, nmlwo understand it is tho intention of tho Un ion Pacific pcoplo to placo upon its lines hero, just such cars as nro used by tbo Contrnl Pacific in Californin ; this will be n great help to our Willamctto fruit growors wo confidently expect to seo tho wholo Willamctto valloy ono largo fruit producing country its bound to como ; in fnct cannot help it. IMPROVING) THE COIUMBIA RIVER. Senator Dolph is making a hard con test for appropriations to open tho Col umbia by removing or overcoming tho obstructions at different points. In ro sponso to tho chargo that ho is tho worst beggar in tho Sennto for such objects for his own State, bo has shown tho extontof our country, its valno and importance, and then shows that tho money needed for improving tho Columbia is small, in consideration of tho importance of tho work and object to bo acquired. It will need flvo millions to comploto tho work at tho Cascades as now designed, and construct ship railways nt Tho Dalles, and at all points nbovo on Snake and Upper Columbia. To construct canals and locks at all points would require twenty millions, but ship railways can bo built at one-eighth of this cost. Cer tainly this nation is about to do this work, and tho good to bo attained is suf ficient to justify tho outlay. Ono reason why wo wish tho Stato to tako hold is that it would make Congress feel sbumo that it has driven a young Stato to se cure its own development. Wo urged on tbo members from Ens torn Oregon that such a law will double emigration ; that pcoplo will como hero to sottlo wbon tboy learn that they can immediately commenco farming and not have to spend a year first on expense, fencing lnnd tboy wish to bow to crops. It seemed Hint this ought to bo a great inducement to tbo whole upper country to favor Biicb a law nnd wo confidently approached ono mombor after another, to find that all of them woro stock men or woro manipulated in that interest. In short; so long as tho wheat grow ors and producers 01 tho Eastern coun try, who compose seven eights at least of tho population, allow tho stock men who bavo littlo or no permanent intor cst in tho country, and whoso herds run on tho land farmers cannot afford to fonco to control politics nnd shnno leg islation for their own ends. So long thoy descrvoto bo mado to fence aguinst stock nnd givo tho grass of their own homesteads for tbo uso of stock owners. It looks strnngo enough for such n condition of things to oxist, but it does, nnd tho producers of tho upper country go nlong year nftor yonr, allowing tho owners of stock to grow richor at their expense, and tbo permanent interests of their country to bo hindered as a conse quence A man may own thousands of head of cattlo and not havo land capa bio of pasturing fifty bend. His cattlo run on tho public domain and on land that settlers legally claim and bold, nnd whilo lin nnd his kind dominato and manngo affairs, tho fa'rmor will not only givo this grass to pasturo their herds on, but must, work bnrd nnd kcop them selves poor building fences ngainst this snmo stock. That is a plain stntomont of a truo enso. NEW VOLUME. With this issuo wo closo volume eigh teen of tho Willamette Farmer. A greater portion of that timo tho present editor has boon in chargo and has liter ally grown old in tbo hamos. Wo de fy any ono to say that his work bns not ben faithfully nnd correctly done Dur ing tho last fow years tho business Iiob been in youngor hands, but tho master hand still retains a firm grasp upon tho holm. During all theso years, whether it has boon Mm my or pleasant, whether in sickness or death, tho Farmer has been r cularly issued from-tho publica tion ollieo. Have you, dear reader boen as prompt? Wo bavo lost much by contact with men who havo failed to pay us our just dues ; but that occurs in any business. Our list bus not been groatly increased during tho past fow years, but has held its own, nnd so fnr wo should bo satis fied, but wo nro not. Our paper should havo n circulation of 5,000 copies por week and wo hope boforo our twenty, first birthday to seo n circulation of at loast 10,000 Wo beliovo it will bo done Wo ask only our dues, and thoso who can, will do us a favor by Bonding us a birthday present of at least ono now sub scriber, and thoso who owo ub on sub scription account must sond ns the amount duo at an early date THE FALLS OF THB WILLAMETTE. TOO OIlEAT EXPFOTATION8 OR0WINO. FROM FRUIT It is not necessary to exaggerate tho roasonnblo profit of fruit culturo to mnko out a enso in favor of it. Of courso tbero is a difference of varieties, and somo lo calities will not support boiuo kinds of fruit. Tho Italian prune, for instance, is not a trco to plant everywhoro, ns it will not do well in tho Waldo Hills, or nt least in many parts of that section. A writer in tho Silvorton Appeal quotes a story that C. IS. Comstock, living near Portland, has an orchard of 500 Italians that is "like a gold mine," ns indeed it iniiBt be, if 600 trees nino years old paid him 5,000 in two years. This story is simply absurd, and wo bavo no hesita tion in denying its truth. At 10 cents por pound, and earning 2,500 a yenr, that orchard would havo brought him a crop of thrco or four bushels to tho trco, nnd Inst yenr prunes wero n failuro ns n crop, nnd no orchard Hint wo know of producod oven hnlf its ordinary yield. Thcro is enough in prunes with ton year old trees nvcraging n bushol caob. Thon, with 200 to the aero, it would nvorago 21,000 pounds of fruit por ncro, worth $250 to $5100. Thoro nro excep tional yoars, whon trcos bear henvily, but it is easy for them to overbear. As a conscquonco of overbearing tboy will not bo apt to do woll and not bear woll tho succeeding year. Tho advantage of tho Italian is its tendency to thin off its own surplus product, nnd only boar what tho trco can comfortably support. Any man who desires to vary tho mo notony of farm lifo by engaging in fruit culturo, should study his situation and understand his condition boforo ho plants a tree. If his land cannot grow ono fruit, it may bo good for another. Tho host varieties of wintor pears must bo in demand beforo wo can grow them, nnd to plant them is to secure a long lived uud profitable orchard. It is woll enough to plant treos 11 feet apart, nnd havo every othor treo a peach or plum or prune Thon, in time, when your pears or apples need tho room, tho other trees will havo paid thoir way well. THE FENCE LAW. different stages of growth ; tho comjwir- J. W. Jory writes tho Oregonian con cerning tho fenco law and proves his case, in favor of aoiupolling thoso who havo stock to fenco them in by graphi cally stating that ono breachy old cow will cause tho ueighbors to make $500 worth of fence That is moderate, as $500 will only build four miles of feuce, supposing tho timber to havo no value Wo bavo favored a no fenco law always, nnd two years ago tried to introduco a bill giving all comities an optional vote. If they voted "no fence," tbon Btock nion fonco in or hord thoir stock and not require farmers to fenco against men who hnvo great herds and yot have no land of their own to graze them on. TiiEitn is n proverb that on tho first of February tho badger or ground hog leaves his holo to tako n look nt tbo world outside, nftor his long months of hibernating. If ho sees his shadow ho concludes that spring is not far off nnd makes ready for business. If no shadow falls bo goes bark into his holo for anoth er six nooks of winter. February first wo had snow, and more snow, Thcro wero glimpses of sun shine a fow but they wero very brief and followed by heavy snow falls. If tho old proverb is worth noticing wo can put tho con struction on it that our winter has only just commenced. Last Tuesday tbo 1st of Fobruary, was tho wintriest day of all tho winter, so far, and brought our first snow full But we can put up with such weather far better than to have ab normally warm days in mid winter that will disturb the economics of nature and make a premature spring time. A company of privato capitalists havo purchased tho property at tho falls of tho Willamctto, and also hold eight hun dred ncrcs of land adjacent, on tho west side of tho river, intending to utilize this magnificont water powor for factories. This is n very important matter, for Ore gon needs manufactories, and this water power lias tiorctoforobccn in sucn a con dition ns to ownership that it could not bo made uso of. Now, tho lcgnl knots that tied tbo proporty hnvo boon untied, nnd tho proporty is owned by a privato corporation thnt wishes to boo it used for manufacturing purposes. A bill is boforo tho Legislature to purcbaso tho canal nnd locks for $100,000, and mnko them frco to tho public. This is a qucs tion thnt in our opinion turns upon tho actual holder cf tho property. Tho Stato has tho right to purcbaso in 1893 at tho actual valuo of tho proporty. Tho farmors of this valley havo a hnrd timo, and thoir condition doserves somo con sideration. To mnko tho locks frco, will rcduco freight on tho river, nnd will ndd so much to tho vnluo of products. Tt is intimated that when n new appor tionment bill passes, tbo bnlnnco of power will lenvo Western Oregon, or nt least will loavo this valloy, and it may not bo so easy to find, under thnt appor tionment, a Legislature that will mnko tho purchase. Whilo wo do not wish to tako any "snap judgmonfon matters of such importance, we boliovo tbero nro strong arguments in favor of buying tho cnnnl nnd locks at a fair valuation. Wo bavo already takou a position in favor of tho Stuto constructing a ship railway at Tho Dalles. That will be doing well by Eastern Orogon, and this will bo of valuo to Western Oregon. It is timo our Stnto showed boiuo onorgy nnd enterprise in building up its great interests. DR. FLINTS HE iistV km rE Y. opeil bv clrlllntlon. anil li Incr&ulcz toanalanu Inf ciU-iit Let htm who tujixctc the cxUUnce ol tnle caute oi luddun deem kuko thl remedy at onco It will cure 'tou. 81. M. ixKnuuve troatiM wiia each bcitb or milk J Irce. HAMBURG FIGS. It It often very difficult to tell whet kind cf a Itxtthe to Kite a my young chilj who It euSerlne from coottliatlon. Tho uuly medicine whUi U at the aune time perfectly cafe awl Dlcuut to tile Is Hamburg- ilg. tl cent. At aU Drurciit ; or address J. J. MACK & CO., 8 and 11 Front St., San F.-anclsco, Cai. Sv5 OvV fi.QPP.nOQ PEOPLEUSE FERRY'S SEEDS 515 4H3 ipjaRa iiHsm M.FERRV&CO. are admitted to be the Ulllf T SttlitttH MUlMfU, D.M. FERRY ICO'S uiMnM, urn trt,Unirrt4 SEED ANNUAL For ISS7 til be mailed FREE to all epplicaaU, and taueteeeeone cutoEure wiUwoler- dwina-i. Mlutbto aU.nrp-'. 4. JVfU er lewUIHanU abieru.A4dR S. U. IIMT A u. Itottolt, Mloh.