JjJ!
..VnW? n T. TfW M
-Wi T ---
WILLAMETTE FARMER; V, clTLAND, OREGON, DECEMBER 16, 1881.
foil
Issued erory Week ty the
IIX.IMKTTK FAlMIMt I'l HLHIIIMJ 10.
tkrms op bUuscuiiTKtt.
One year, (Totago paid). In adl ance $ 2 SO
lUmonUm, (I'ostage paid), In advance- 1 Zj
Uea than six months si ill be, ptr month "
AD KIlSISIlvO IlATr.3 :
Advertisements will be Inserted, providing tn are
. ,-t.ln II.B fnllnuflnir (aUn nl rnLlUI .
SCSfVimuiv, . . ...". "ft . t O JO
A OH
. . . ISO"
3000
find Inph nf snAM, tier month
Three Inches of spaco per month
One half column per month
Rna mliinin twr iTinnt.h ... .
aWUamnle copies sont free on application.
Publication (Jffloe Jso 6 .Vasnn.ton Street
Itotrs. rooms No r and AA
Up
THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAfJE.
Ill his Mc?ago to Congress, now asscin
Wed, President Artliur refers briefly to the
calamity that has lately befallen the nation,
ami pays, lionoialilo tiibuto to tho great ami
gooil qualities of our dead l'lc&ideiit, (Jcniral
Garfield. 1'rospcnty lus blcsBcd tho land, and
peaceful relations exist with all countries.
Our standing with other nations is ieu'cwcd,
and especial allusion made to thu fnendsliip
existing between Mexico ami the United
States and the connection of the countries by
railroads to be constructed.
l'lcsidoiit Arthur sustains tho position
taken by l'lcsidcnt Uarficld with the Kit
lopcm powers that tho United State cl urns
n light of pilar guarantee Willi relation to an
canal on tho itthiiiu., and that the intirjio
lion or any foreign guarantee may bo io
gardod iwanipulluous mid unfriendly act.
Tho l'riiidcnt piopos such modihcati m of
tliti Claylon-lliilwcr treaty with Inland as
will sustain tho pusitiou now tal.on by our
govcrnim nt.
A special envoy liw been accicditcd t) both
Chili and I'cru, with the Impc tint tho inllu-
enco of thu United .Sulci can bo used to
lostorc- puaco to those countiiea, and ho assist
in maintaining licpublii in government ami
civiiiition on those continents
Tho ticnties lately madu Willi China have
been ratihed on both sides; Ida ionsofadiplo
nutiu inline with both China and Japan uie
treated of at sonic Icnglh.
'iho icpjit of the .Sccrctuy of the Iiciamj
hows that
'Iho ordinal losouma fioni all sources, foi
tho hscil jsar ending .luno 10, IKiil, wue
from oust mil, IU3, l.i'i,"H !'-', liom iiilctuil
lovonuo, Jl;ri,"(ll,381 01; iiom public luntl,
g.'.J.UIb'.O II; from tix on incut ition and do
noiits in li inks, hi, 110,7 IU "-; fiom lcpav-
incut ot intuist by I'.uiho U ulwav compi
1H03, tllU.ft.it) DO, lioui custom ilia, unci
itniiilhiu , l- . Itl.t' .Y.,I 1 hlh flnm fees, cini
,u.. . ..... ...v., ...., --,.-- r - - , , .- - . - --
sulai letters intuit and limli, fc-J,'-'! I, lis I ll'j st imp ta on inatclns, piopuc ,u, atticlci,
187.1 ta 81,018,009 22, but for the last six
ears there has been an excess of exports
over imports of merchandise amounting to
811,800,018,103, an annual average of $1,807,
780 17. Tho specie value of tho exports of
domestic merchandise was 83,700,101 73 in
1870, nd 83,839,25!) 47 in 1871, an inciease
of S't.073,001 74, or 1 3 S per cent. 'livable
of imports was S3,.r.93,S08 in 1870, and
S0l,2C(l,47S 80 in 1881, an increase of $i0
078,220, or 47 per cent, il urine; each year.
From 1802 to 18M) inclusive, tho exports of
specio exceeded the imports. Iho largest
excess of such exports over imports was
reached during t o vear 1804, when it
amour.tid to f'122,019 29; but during the i car
ending Juno 150, 18S0, tho imports of coin
mil bullion cjicicdcd tho exports by S7fi8,-
913 HI, and during tho last fiscal year the
c-fjeess of imports over exports were
?Sl 1,080 r.o.
Iho Message alludes to the failure of the
refunding bill of thu past session and tho suc
cess of Secretary Windoin in continuing
8580,000,000 of bonds drawing f ami 0 p.r
cent. Intel cat at 3J per cent., and adds .
'J ho reduction of the annual interest on the
public debt through these transactions is as
follows: Hy thu reduction of interest to 3J
per cnt.. 810, t7.),Ui2 2?; by redemption ot
bonds, 80,352,310. Total, 810,820,292 25.
riio 31 Tier ci-nt. bonds bciiii! payable at the
ploisuroof the government arc available for
tho investment of surplus rev (line without
tho payment of premium. Unless the liomls
tan bo funded at a much lower rate of interest
tluii they now b.ar, I agrio with the Secre
tary of the Ticasnry that no legislation
rcspictiny them is possible.
Jtlsa mutter ol cjiigiatulatiou that tho
business of the citiiitij his been so piospci
ous dining the past j (ai as to yit Id by taxa
tion such a largu sin plus of income to the
ovvcruiiiciit. If tho ionium laws loinainuii
dunged th s suiplus must jcai byjear ni
ne isc on act omit of the l eduction of the pub
I c di lit and its burden ot inteicst, ajd be
cause of the gi fat mcieano of population In
1880, just pno to the institution of om inti r
nal rcMiiuo h) btciu, cur population but
Uightly cNeecd'cd 30,000,000, by thu census
of 180 it is found tn exceed 50,000,000 It is
estimated that even if the annuil iceoipts and
expiu htiiie should coutiuuo us at presiut the
entnu debt would be pud in ten yi ars. In
Mew, however, of thohcavj loidof taxation
which oui pioplo li wo already borm-, wo may
well loiisidi i whothci it is not the part of
wisdom to lcduco tho reicnuc, crn if o de
lay n little thepajnicnt of tho debt. ltscem
to mo tho tuna lias aniMil when icoplo may
jiull demand some icbcffioiu then pio cut
cuoiimms biiiden, and that uj duoiconomj
in tho aiious Inniicliis of the public scrieu
this limy bu icadily i llecti (I I hereby concui
with thu feccii-lan in Keoinimmliug tho abo
lition of all Jiiknul ioeuue liitis, except
thou i upon toll icco in its inous forms, and
upon distilled and fcrnnnlcd llipiois, and ex
ci pt als i tho special tax upon the imnufac-
till i ot ami ilealcis in suell unices. I no u
Uiitiou of the latter tax was ilcsnalile as
alloiduiL' thu olhecis of this giiiiumeul a
proper snpimsioi ol tlno articles lor tlio
piuiention of flam). 1 ngicu with the . Socio
t.uy ol tliu 'I'nasmj that tho hw imposing a
i bcem
4 -If
more expensive routes have
by railroad service. Tho cost of.
vico must, therefore,
Western States and
master General, however,
the constantly increasing
servieo as a serious difficulty in I
making the department 8elf-sustaV
nostal ilitnrr-nnrsn with fnrcitm p.i
kept pico with tho growth of the, lomestic
service.
i rapidly dif
Territories
, callst
cost of
ierceded
star aer-
in the
l'ost-
-on to
mail
say of
Our
lies has
fiom piocei-drtiil silosoi givcriimontpiopcrty, pl'ii'ig (.uds, iho Ks and
mi) with
SJ0.2I7 111. fiuiii luoliti on com i 'i-, .fll, IdS,
185 01; fiom icwmio of thu Distnct of Co
luuiliii, 8-0111,199 2,1; fium inisu lliucous
sources, il,2eMI,bM) I.I; total oilinai in
ceiijts, ?"0ll,78-,2')7 '1'liu oidiiMiy (p ndi
ttu cs lor tho hiiino pcuod weie, foi civil ox
pernios, 417,1111,177 19, foi Imc-igii liitu
couise, 810,9.l'l,.rd0 112; loi lnduns, 511,071,
100 19; for pensions, 85,0.'i0.27'l hi; lw tnu
uulitar utabliihim.uts. inoliidiug rivet and
hubor liiipiovi incuts and ais nils, 810, Ihli,
100 02; fin thu naval u Uhluluuuut, tuulml
nig w-isili, muliiiKiy and impiovoinouts at
u ivj jaida, 'il0,(lstl,07l b0; foi misullancous
t'Xliwi lltiilu,, inellidlug pulilio bulhlliiKS,
lijlit Ihhi ii s ami colli ctiug thu luviuuc,
811,817,2-iU 01; lor ox, eiidituiu il .iLcuunts
of tho lliHiljt of Cdumbia, i,303 ().! 0 1;
for iiiteiost on tho pubhudebt, SbJ,r0b.7 1 1 18;
foi pii'iuiiim on bonds piituhiscd, a-I.OiU, -2IS
US, totiliudinaiv i-xpundituu-s, s5JnO,7l2,
8ti7 0'), luivm ' n BiiHilus uf levoniii ol y 1 00,
0S9,49i 9S, wlueli win applied as fullo.is To
tho li ili-mplioii ol bonds mi the linking luml,
Ol l,ill,-'JJ; liaetioiul euuoiiev tin lliu smit
ing fund, (.10,900,1 0U 0,1) lull n of J'ubiuii),
IMil,7l,lhJ,OI0, ten forties of 1S0I 8-OUi,
100; livo twenties of lhll'i, lj.173 000, ciuiiiils
ol IWi tll.l,lfill; c(Ui6ulii)l 1s(j7, 8'I,0U1,000
iiiiibiiU of 1HH, 8,137,100, loin indemnity
stoih, CIO.ODO; old ill in iitd uumiomtl lutei
est and othoi nutos, tls,,l 10; ami to tho in
eiuasu of i,uih in I'lisuiiiy, fll 0.17 02,1 0.1.
Tlio tupiiiimuiits of t-iu si iking liiud fui thu
i-u .u.iminUi I tn QI),7Sil,0il U-', which sum
iiuludm i biliiiu- ul 81 hls.l-Js 7s nut m
siiliilinr Dunn,' tli.i jui-vmus IKeil jiu
tho mull of 87,118,021 Oj w ih appbid to tlu
fund, whloh lolt a ilelloit nt 8lo,.00,s73 47.
'I hu iiuioikO ol thu ii vtmius nt ISM owl
tliosu of thu previous viai-vvnst2'l,,ri2 710 10.
it is i-stiniiU-d tint tho miipts dining the
iii'jint lisuil imi will it tcii 8100,009,000,
mid thu impindituii's fr-i0,UU0,W)0, having a
tiurplus ot 8130,000 (KM npplieablu to tho
Mi-king fund iiii-l tho uihmptioii of tho public
ib-ht.
i uc-ionl moo with tho Act of IVbiuai) 2s,
KS7S, 8IO-',IH)0,000 stmdaiil cilvtr dull us
luo been iniiiidand onlv J. 1 1, 000,000 in ill
i illation, 'I'lio I'uMileiit indursis tho leo in
iiieudatio i of thu Socictarv of the Iic.isiut
that isiiik of siIvli icitiluatis bo tlisomi
tinned, and thats.lvoi ilollus hIioiiIiI only bo
louii-il as ntidod.
Vhu nceipts fiom tho customs foi tho pist
fisnil vi. il wi-ro 8191,09 l,7l0 0J, an iiu-ii.isu
of 811,017,011 I J ovurthitnf the puaeding
)i.n. Of this amount jl.iS.OlN.OdJ .'.9 was
collected at tho port of Niw oil, Uavmg
5,".0,2.'l,li:t til as thu amount eollo.tidut all
other Jminti of tho (oiiutrv. Of this mini
$17,977,137 0'1 was lolloctml on miyu and
mnlassi-s, 8-7.270,(i21 78 on wool ami its nnn
ufacluro, 8-l,l0J,0,tl 37 mi nun ami ttu-1
and lnuiufaetuiis tluuur, ?19,0,IS,(ii!,i St up
inauufaitiiics of bill., 810,835,110 21 on man
uf utuivs uf ejttun, ami 80,409,013 on wiuos
mid ipirits, luakiui; a total fuvinuu fiomthisu
soiiiiosof 8l33,l)5b.720 SI. Hie vpinos uf
collation lor tho list )i-arweru80, 119,315 20
mi incnuiso oui tho piivrdiug voir if
81S7.4III.
N'otuithitiitidiug tho lucnaso in n-venuo
from customs over tho preveding i-u, the
e,riss x.ilgu of tho import, ineliiillng fuo
goiMU, iloe-roannl ovip8J000,000. Thf ntivit
uurlisl ilccroaso was in the valuo of in.auufw
tund wool l4.triJ.0S.'. and iu that of aorap
mid pig iion, ?l2,M0,tl71. Tho valuo of im
ports of suj;.ir, on tho other hand, showed an
incri-aso of 5-7,407. 7I of stool rail, 81.315,
521; of baili-y, 42,101,201, and of atvd m bars,
iu(,oU,ctn., st).H,l)10.
Contrasted with tho imports, tho export
woio follow i Doinnitio uu-rcliMiilito, 890,
8J9.250 47l foivign iiKivlmndi.o, 8181.013 9 I;
tJtal, !?.M,OJI,77.l 40 liupnit uf u.iivlun.
duo 870,120,1110 23; n-u-e.s if eiiuits uxor
imivorta, 10, IW.Iiy 1 1, i;. lupui-l Willi tlio
mopiietv bo repi.iled, and tho Itw also bv
which banks ami bankers nru assessed upon
i.apilal ami ilcjw.iti. 'Jliuu sons to bo a
geiieial sen inn-lit in f ivor of this c uise. In
tho pii-scnt condition of join lcveiiuo tho tax
upon ilopoits is ospccially unjust. It was
lruwriiiipnsid in this country until it was
decmid piopei by tho necessities of wai, and
it was ncvci exacted, I believe, dining its
gie.iti st exigencies. Huikm are icijuired to
secuio their ( uoulation by pledging with tip
'I'lcaaiirur of tho United htitis bonds o ;
geneial goveriiuuut. I'lio intjicat Umn these
boi.ds, which at tho time tho tax was imposid
Wis 0 ici c-ciit,, 13 now, in moit instances, ,'tj
per c- lit., ami besides, tho c nil t o cuciilatiou
was onguiilly limited bj law, and in i o wa
was allowed when tho existing biuUs hut
piopiilj a inoin poly of tho bu-imss. 'Ihuo
was I iree in the suggestion tint for tho fi in
close to the f ivoung giantus thu guv il mm nt
might vtiy pinpeily exait ntix on cuciila
tiou, but foi yiau tin- sjstcm his been fuo,
anil tlio amount of i-iieula'ion ltgulitul by
tho pubho ilcmiud 'I lie tmll liws also neid
iewlnn, but th it ilue repaid maybe pud to
tlio lOllUlctlilg IllttlCSIH ot oui cm us, mi
p a tint c nnges should bo madu with eiution,
'Iho 1'iesidunt f noisjni-ieisp of tho in my
to 30,000 n on; alludus to Indian tioublis m
Aiioniv and eUowhcrc; v.uiuus details of sig
nals ivieo and otliei umj nutters me ;ivtn;
oxpi'udituiis for tho iitm liht )iai weie
812, 12J, 201 .".'I.
'Iho imllicLney of the navy e in only be
icmeditil by a lui,o i-xpenditiui-, and tho
I'libidrut fav iiiti the in uutiiuing of national
ptistigu b) pticing mil- nivj on a fiwtiug to
o i respond with tlio ellorti nmlo in that iluie
t.ou 1 othci gnat puwus,
'Iho i.iput of tho I'ostmastir (leiiei il is a
tii-itifxnij exhibit ol the giowthnnd itlicioncy
ot thu postal Htivue, 'tnu receipts fiom pos
t il mi I otht I in lit! u y Miuui's dining tho lust
lisc.it voir wiio8-!l',3s9,S10 OS, 'I ho ticupts
fiom the money ordtl business wrio t'J'.Ci,-
0SI 39, making a total of 8-10,780,397 97 Tho
i-xpiuililiiicaloi tho tisc-.il wmi who 859,251,.
730 10 'Iho ilillut suppliid out of thu gin
ti.il tu.isiuiv was 8-'. 117, 129 3.1, l'hoiiciipts
vvuo 81,401, Ulh t3 in calls of those of tlio
previous )C it and 81,079,397 97 111 oxllss of
thu istuu.ito made two veais ago, bcfoio tho
luiMiit period of busiiuss piospiritv hid fill
lv begun I ho wholo number of Uttcis mail
ed in this Louutry in thu hist tini-il )tart
ii.ilcd oiiu thi-iiaiid millions, iho itgistiy
i-vstim is lopoitid to bo in txeilliut i-niidi-tiuu,
hiving Ihlii ii modeled during thu put
four t.ns with good it suits. 'Iho amount of
illustration fit's lulltitid iluiiii ' tho last lis-
ial viar was 71.Ss2.20, un uuitaso over tho
mail w-ari-uiling Juno ;0, Ihn, nt (.14,1,44.1,.
10 'iho (lituo iiunibir of litttrs ami pack.
ages rigisteitd timing tho war w is 8,931,1110
ol w men only voui wore tumojtM or iot in
transit. Tho operitlon of tho niomj older
v stem is niiiltiplwng iarl under tho uu
puUo of iimiiigiiition, nf the rapid dowlop
ment of new ir States and 'iVrrltiuit-s, ami tho
iousiiiiiut iloiuand for additional means of
liiteiL'omuiuuii-.itioii and cu'liino Dining
ttiupartvi.il 3JS .idditiiual moiuy onlir of
liecs have Ix-cu c-ttabliliitl, m iking a total of
5I'HI in operation at tho ilitn of tins n port.
During thu war tlio domtstio moui-y oixlers
aggii-giittsl in value 8105,075,709 35, A mod
llliatiou of tho )ateni is Hiijciutcil, lislucing
foi-s for money ordris not oxen ding livo dob
lirafi in tvu'iint tn five cents, anil making
tho maximum limit 8l0t iu plaio of 850 Iax
islatiou for the disposition ot uu Iviunsl uion
ov ouluis in poMi-wiou if tho I'ostollico l)o
pari men t Is iixHiiniuoiided m wuw of tho fait
that their total value cm-eds SI,lKa,(K)0. 'the
atteuiiou of Congress is again poiuttsl to tho
iibjcvt of eitabh Jlnng n Si stem of t.av uigs do
luKitcriis In eoiincctioii with the t'otolhce
btpattiiiciit. 'I ho statistic of null transput
Utiou show tint during the part) car riluvd
r utoi liao been inorv.isnl in length (i2,42tl
iiiilv ami in oot Slll.:t2, while tcauilHt
routes haxe Uui divriA-.cil in li-ngth 2182
mile All 1 in cost $131,051. 1 ho to c.itlo 1 star
inov ions )i-ai there was an liiiiiasunf 8bit,
33,tbS in thoalii8of txnnrttof imrclisii
duo, and a deueiso of 825.2lK),ll8 III the
viduoof impoiU. 'Jiiosiiiiiul avilaisonf in
f-r..i nf miijirts nf imri.haildlsM mi r ixiuvita' i.. . I I .....l ,.. I... ...I. 'MLtO
" - ' --"I --- --- , I I cities It i SJ lw II tn-ts.isti i.i tvitj,-. ....' - . -
thereof for ton years previous tj June, Jc, imU and inrost (Sill, tit. NeojJj all ol tlieJlV.uUiit to dueliirgii hi (unction
Immense increase of litigation requires mod
ification of the present system of U. S. courts
to correspond with the growth of population
and busnipss. The so-called "cowbojs"of
Arizona, 00 to 100 in li umber, are a band of
desperadoes that in v ado Mexico, as well as
depredate and murder in Arizona, and some
legislation is desiied to enable the courts to
reach them.
The Indian problem demands solution.
Thousands of lives and hundreds of millions of
money have been sacriliced in dealing with
native tribes, and complications continually
ari-e involving rights both of Indians and
whites. Tho policy of introducing among the
natiio tribes the customs and pursuits of civ
ilized life, and so gradually absorb them into
the mabs of citizens, shiiing their lights and
held to their responsibilities, has been follow
ed hy Government for somo yeais past with
gratifying results. Tho President favors ex
tending tho laws of the States and Terriloiies
over tho icscrvations within their bound', and
diacting it of a law that will allot land to de
rcrving Indians who will sever tubal relations
and cngago in agriculture, such laud to bo in
alienable for 20 or 25 years. Tlio succes of
Ii dun schools at Hampton, Carlisle and Tor
est Orovc is matter of encouragement.
J'he tcrnblo eiime of M or monism is p! unly
sot forth, and I,(:gilation i (.commended to in
nblo tho courts to deal with it as it desctics,
and ns tho nation demands.
Government should aid education ly all
reasonable and po-sibl" means. The leport of
tho Conumssiomr ot lalucation gives gratify
ing pi oof that local legislation and puvato
benewilci ce have dono much towards giving
cdiicatn nal advantages to tho uneducated
clabscs of tho population of tin Southern
.States The President suggests that national
aid should be proportioned to tho Statis to
eoucjiond with the illiteracy of population,
as shown by the census.
'I ho leport of tho Commissioner of Agiicul-
turo exhibits tho lesults of tho experiments,
winch that dopartment has been engaged in
during tho past xrai, and makts lmpoi at t
suggestions in refciineo to tho agriculttital
development ot tlio countiy. llio steady in
crease of oui population and tho consequent
addition to tho numbers of those cng.ac.cd in
puisuit of husbandly, nte giving to this de
putnient a (.rowing dignity and importance.
Iho CnmniiMioiiu's suggestions touching its
e.apicity foi gicatci uciulucss descrvo attcn
tiou, as it men- and inoie co'iimcmU itself to
the interests sliich it was created to piomote
It appears fiom tho icports of the Coiniin i-
sioner ot Tensions tint emeu lbbO i89,t!0J
origin il pension claims have been filed, nu I
150,940 of these have been allowed and in
bciibnl on the pension roll ; 72,039 have been
l ejected and abandoned, being over 13 per
cent, of tho whole number of claims settled.
Thero aro now pending foi settlement 200,575
or;u,in il pension claims, 22,709 of vvhull weie
iTli prior to July lbt, issu. Jlicso wlien al
lowed will involve the payment of annus
fiom thu dato of death oi t luiiiii'iou of a
pnoi r iuli t. In all other ciuscs fiom all tho
data obtainable, it is estimated that 15 per
cent, of thu number of claims uovv pending
will bo ujicttd oi abaiidonid. 'Ills would
show tho piobablo ujection of 34,010 cases
mid tho possible addition of about 193,000
chillis, all of vi Inch involvo the pigment of
nnoirs of pi nsious viththo p result force
empl t d thu number of adjudications iciniiu
ingon the o line and no new business interven
ing this lutmbtr of ilinns (19.1,000) co-ibl bo
iiclid upon in .a pi nod of six yens mid taking
tho 1st of January, 1881, as a uiarp nod from
which to tslimitu in each tas-u an avciago
amoiuit of nru us, it is found that ovtrj ciso
allowed would injuue foi the hist piynicnt
up. u it the sum ol 8113") Mill iplwug tins
amount bv tho whnlo umnb r of piobiblo ad
missions 1 liud $250,000,0b0 as iho sum io
ipintd for liist piymiuts. I'nis io logouts tho
sum whioh must be paid up n ilaims, which
vveio likd b.foio ,lu 1, 18S0, an I me now
ptnding mil minted to tho hem-fits of tho ai
loiMitet. I'ioiii this amount miv bo deduct,
id fixmi SHkOOO.OOO to(jl5,000,000foroatcs
while tho iliiiu tuts dvinc, theie is no pel son
who, uiidii tho law, won d be entitled to such
pensi ii, which kai-s $:,n,P()0,000 as tho
probibli .amount to be pud in thiso ( s-iin.vtcd.
No aoiouut luas l t n taktii of the- .IS.OOO cim-s
Idnl sincu June 30, 18S0, and now ptndiiu,
v liis.li inn it rneivo attention as cm rent bind
mss, but whiih do not involve tho pawnent
of ail) aiu.aishowmd that of the date ot tiling
the c 1 il m. Of this iiuiubtr it is istiiiuted SO
pir cent, will bu allowed, mid it has biou
stated that with the picsiut foico of tho pen
sion bun-in, 075 iloiks, it is estiimtt-d that it
will take tix wars to dispuso of tho claims
now pending. It is stattd by tho Commission-i-i
of Pensions thnt b an a-ldition i f 250
links, incieasing tho adjiidu.ating foico rath
ii than the lurch iiiieh il, no d ubt tlio amount
of win k tould be accniuplishcd so that these
easts could bu act.il upon within tin i u years.
The nitsnaeo iluuussis Civil hcrvice refoiui
in tho best posiblo epuit; advocates putting
only competent men in olhce, but contends
tint laiKinots prineiplis should prevail, coin
pctmey and eUiciciicy, iouitcy ami good
manner be essentials, and not u u.t-ro ability
to stand a competitivo examination on book
learning; that omploiiuent in public tcrvice
should bo permanent; with promotion fur good
conduct and ability ami no reiuov al except for
cause. Ho cities tho perfcctien attained by
tha lai?luh civil servuti aftir many year ef
progusi, and from a xery oonupt sstcui that
founeily prevailed ami tuggeits that while in
somo nspicta the KncJish civil nrvioo still
need modification to tint our circtitmt.auns, It
iu lo made the (.round work of a perfected
sxstcui bised on evpericuco gained in it op
eration there. Pusidiiit Arthur' ideas ar
fir moro cotuittiiit thu the uiertl) competi
tivo plan proposed for .i parrot-like rscitat of
aJiool-booL literature as a tut of fitucs for
ollice.
Tho mos.igo touchis ujion Iho eaufes of tho
tUcUno of our iiirrcbaut luaruio; the need of a
Urtitori.il governor of AUtka; the ntsd of
tho district of Co iiinbia; tho nettl of t tiely
i i.. .. i.i. . i ....... ....s
iLttsti.it mi, u oaitt iu ast-viiainuieii
doLtaratiou of the w.tc of Pi-esi.teulul -.
suit l dt lino tho intauiiig of the ten
abilitj," whtn npi lied to tho nubility
tive, so as to call tho Vico President to ex
ercise such duties.
President Arthur concludes as follows:
Deeply impressed with the gravity of the
responsibilities which havo so unexpectedly
devolved upon nie, it will be my constant
purpose to co-operate with you in such me.oa
utcs as xv ill promote the glory of the country
and prosperity of its people.
WILL WOODEN SHIPS ANSWER.
Ill days when the "Old Constitution"
fought tho battles of our uarly history, and
for long afterwards, wooden Bhips transacted
tho commerce of all the oceans, and the
"Wooden Walls" of nations wero considered
their best defense. Hut w e ha e changed all
that, aud now iron ships aro claimed to be as
indispensible for commerce as for war. There
aro still men who claim that wooden ships
can be piofitablv built and used, and it cer
tainly must be easy to decide that question.
It is easy enough to compute tho average
life timo of wooden ships and tho amount of
icpairs they require, and with those facts de
tei mined satisfactorily, then tho next ques
tion to aiiso will be : Can ships bo built and
equipped to advantage on the Pacific Coast.
Wo havo in mind that a beautiful clipper
ship, known as the West Shore, was built on
Coos Bay some half dozen jcars ago, and
made the most wonderful vov ages on rccoul,
carrying grain to Uuropo, but wa3 wrecked
and lost. Shipwreck iiny come to the best
vessel afloat, wcod or non, so the question
nariovvs down to whether tho ships alieady
built on this coast have been seiuceablo a.sd
calculated for comrncicc, and can bo used in
competition with Iho iron fleets that are nor.
coustiucted in I'ugland, Noniayaml othei
conn tuts. I-on ships answer well when tim
ber is exhausted as shipbuilding matoiial,
and doubtless tho necessity came for using
iron as a substitute there, but that ncccs'ity
doe-s not exist here, where we have immense
foicsts of no id timbei piobablj tho best
tint could be dcsiicj foi that put pose.
If we can build ships hcic to .ftliantagc,
the opportunity should not bo w o.-ited. 'J lie
timo scents to have come w hen enterprise is
leaiH to tjko hold of w h itever our resources
make avadable, and the only way to make
tho world awaro of what we have th it is
worth using is to publish facts. Take the
wholo Oiegon Coa3t, oi tho waters of Pugct
Sound, or tho Columbia river, and ou find
cveijwhero bouudlcs fenesrs of ship-building
timl-ci. Sprmv hr, pine, cedar, hemlock,
tamarack all these abound, 'the builder
can choose location and commence woik with
jnac'icilly no cost to pay for lumber or tim
btis, except to manufacture- tho native foiests
into the desned shape. Hire, then, is tlo
national homo for ship yai ds. Let us see if
tlio work can be completed to advantage.
Po build wooditi ships leqmres iron, cop
per, canvass and r..p-", all of which must bo
brought heie fion nbioad, or fiom the Atlui
tio States. o havo plenty of vessels coming
hue in ballast, and could import nil such
ship building supplies at reasonable cost for
ti asportation frum eithei ixew i ork oi
I-'nglaud. If to put thisjiivpjjj,.j2i
in motion, and lonvci I Oregon and Washing
ton into ship-building St itcs requires the pur
chase of all ship-buildiilg oiippl-es at foieign
cost, suiely Congress can bo induced to admit
all such goods, to bo used oxclusiv ely lor tint
puiposc, fice of duty, lathci than havo our
commerco remain in foreign hands, liven if
such an Act cinuot pass with leg ird to ship
budding on tho Atlantic, it must be evident
that B me such concession is duo to cncoui.ago
ship building here, especially whin the lesnli
must be so gi eat an .advantage to produccis
by cieatm. truispoitaLon foi bis crops.
Mr. VilHid is sail to bo interested in or
ganizing a eomp my to own a line of bhips
to ti ido bct'ioi u Oiegon and ljivcrpool, and
tho possibility of building vessels for tint
trade must lino snggestid itself to those who
havo tint important pioject in wen. To woik
out such a pi in will liquuoa gioit deal of
capital, and to elleet import ition of supplies
needed foi ship building wib need lwtli inllu
nice and good management befoio Congiess
We aro confident our people will spontano
ously endorse and labor foi all measutea that
can md oui commeicc. What can bo dono
with capital, and what tho people ean do to
influence legislation, m e points of great un
purtance, foi to succissiully uiaiiguiate ship
A Private Letter.
Snohomish Citt, W. T., Dec. 3, 1831.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
I have resided on Puget Sound for twenty
eight j ears; have read Oregon papers for some
time; have taken the FAns.it r since it was
published in Portland, and navo been well
pleased with its fcarl ss and upright course in
defense of the farmers and the farming inter
ests of t'ie conntry, and am now better pleased
with it than before, as you are the only edi
tor in Oregon w ho has stamina enough to give
a fair and impartial description of the Puget
Sound country, which you have done in your
very valuable paper, for xvhich receive many
thanks. Also, S - enclosed for this and the
next j ear's subscription. Yours truly,
II. D. Mono v.
In regard to tho above we wish it distinctly
understood that tho Wil laxiette Farmer has
no local prejudices, but is equally desiious of
aiding tho development of all parts of Oregon
and Washington. It is as much as this region
can do to support an agricultural journal, and
vie hope to deserve tho supjiort of all sections
of the Pacific Xorthw est. We were glad of
an opportunity that offered to make tho tup
to tho Sound under favorable circumstances.
and having been on thogiound and niado
as thorough an investigation as was possible
in tho time allowed for tho journey, we ac
quired information that wo hope will hex al
liable to the Sound people. Editions of 5,000
copies containing that description have been
published, and seveial thousand copies v ill be
citculsted through the Eastern States We
havo wi'hin a jcar's time given equally full
accounts of evcrv Std ion of Washington and
Oregon. Wc thank .Mr. Morgan for his kind
words, and hope to descrvo them alwajs.
NEW r.OUTE FOR CALIFORNIA WHEAT.
Imililiuu' lute on a "Liiul scale would bu
great coimucrnal tiiumph, and do much to
ttt-wlup oui resources ami make thevuulil
aw no of the cnat and numerous advantages
that attach to tho Pacllic Northwest.
AMENDMENTS PROPOSED TO GRANGE CON
STITUTIONS Wo notic e lntho rccoul of Gr.ango pro
ccedings that several propositions wero made
to simplify tho Giange organization, which
vie considtr very important to the success ol
tho Order. For instance, to abolish all degrees
but one. This creating live degrees nicessi
tates much timo spent iu initiation; besides
which, tho muro simple tho workings of tha
Older, after providing a becoming ritual, tho
better it will suit the majority. Miny
probably stay outsido of it because they object
to scent org mirations, and if they understand
it i a simple rite, to merely carry out a plan
for unity, maintaining order and social har
mony, tl ore would lw no reason to object.
To our wew tho Grange should be a combi
nation of local associations, with a district or
county gathering omo in tw o or tbreo mouths,
,md a Siato Convention of tlelogitc once a
xi-o.1. mis win iuciuuo ait inai now exist,
and will bo more popular, easier of accom
plishment and more elhcuut.
Auotlur proposition was to niaVo any
fourth degree ineinb.r eligible to election as
member of the State Grange, which is also a
common sense suggestion, for the present p'an
is exclusive, which only admit Master and
past M stir to membership iu tho State
Grange.? To put ti e Grai go in the cordniou
U achieve thu greatest success, it should lw
divested of all surplus fornu aud ceremonies,
all distinctions of tU-grtt other thautiniple)
I.alo dispatches assert that Vico Pi osident
Huntington, of the Southern Pacific road, has
lately been to Now Oilcans, and airanged for
tho completion of tho road to th it place and
to .-. point on tho Gulf of Mexico twenty-five
miles east of there, where a good haibor and
deep w iter cm be had,wjii(h is to bo tho gulf
terminus of the S. P. road w here cargo destin
ed for England or Kuropo will be discharged.
This touto is to bo built and limning the com
ing season, .and the S. P. managers expect to
move one third of tho wheat crop of Califor
nia bv that loute next Fall. Other dispatches
explain tint stcamcis aio now being built in
'-cOtl.and and Ireland to run in connection
with this road from both Galveston and New
Orlcius, and two large steamers are being
coustiucted at Philadelphia to inn on the
Pacific coast from tho Columbia nver to Wil
mington, the Western terminus of the South
ern r.icilie. Xlicso boats aio of 3000 tons each.
This news is only caiiving out the policy of
that romp my, which wo explained m the
Faiimfi. a year ago. Every scheme that less
ens tho dcniaiut for this coast for ocean ton
nage possesses great importance, as it relieves
ptoductiou of a stenous stiain.
TULL OF ERRORS
NEW FALL GOODS,
JUST RECEIVED AT
J. F. D. WRINKLE & CO'S
Silks, Satins and Velvets
NEW
Black mid Colored Cashmeres,
NEW
Plaids, Plain and Fancy Dress
Goods,
NEW
RticIiiii&sLaccSsScarfs.Rilibontt
NEW
Fringes, Ciiuips, Buttons, Ete.
NEW
Cloaks, Dolmans, Ulsters.'
A FULL LINK OF
Domestic and House Fur
nishing Goods.
A Complete Stock of
Gents' Furnishing Goods.
All of tho troods sol I at tho
LOWEST CASH PRICES.
Siiiiiiltsfcut I lie on .Ipiilleallnn.
J. F. D. WRINKLE & CO.,
.'31 MUST S.THM.T, (lit. S W.IIOX,
l'urlliinil, Oregon.
SELLING OFF AT
Tliuliguics telegraphed vv itb the President's
m ssji'O don't foot up corroctly, unit no doubt
theio .aio many iuaccuricies in its transmis
sion over tho wires. As it is impossible to sup
ply tho correct figures, we let our rcders do
.is we do gues at what is meant.
Walla, Walla Union- for tho purpose of
nioio thoroughly prosecuting the thieves, who
steal government timber in tho Southern
State-3 and 'Icmtoiies, Pirst Comptioller
Lawrence, of tho Treasury Dopaitnimt, has
decided that distnct .att uuov3 aio entitled to
oxti.a coiupciitition for prosecuting such mo
latcrs ot tho 1 nv The ntloinc) s thus furnish
ed with an incentive wilt probibly puisua tlio
foiet puatos with a zest bom of seit-inteiest.
Proai all accounts, sajs tho .Spokane Chron
icle, the Winter is tin ibly in earnest up in tho
Pen d'Oreille countiy, mid it icquires tho ut
most spmt and eiieriry to piompt a man to
physic il labor outdoors, such n3 is icquired of
lailu.ay laboicis. 'Iho compiny aru experi
encing griat dilhciilty in propeilj provision
ing this foicc.
The Crab Cieek countiy is an objective
point for Ctliformans imgiating to Eastern
Washington. Within tho intt two months a
largo nuinbci of peoplo from Santa Clu.a,
Sonoma, and S mti Rosa counties lnv e loca
ted jn the Ci.ib Creek region, and thej say
hundreds will follow in tho bpnng.
Union Count Heroul Wo aie informed
that 'there ate now nt lllue Mountain fetation
l-.",000 sacks of vvbi.it, of which a gieat poi
lion lies out unsheltered while the rest is
atowtd away under eveij available covering,
and it is expected that 10,000 sicks more will
be biought to that place. One film, JIcKinzio
.tC.tvau.ah, have shipped 013,200 omuls aud
havo livo cailoads ready for shipment,
J, It. Marriott, recently fiom tho minim;
rocions of Mexico, and now locating on tho
Little Spokane, was in town oil Pnday, buy.
nig supplied for tho Winter, and showed us a
anceiiiien of Conner me, taken from a locahtv
about Si milts north of i lie bn Igo crossing the
Little apokaue. ivir. .Marriott is a practical
miner, and is confident that inanv navim?
claims will bo located and opined up in this
region not Spring. The specimen indicates
aliout uTi per cent copper, but is even more
valuable n an indication of a galena ledge. In
ho Spring Mr, Marnott and his party wi'l
make a lull mi obligation of this section. So
savs the pokauo Kails Chroniclt.
Tho Dalles i'lnus Thero are about 170
men at work at present, and ever) thing is be
ing pushed as expeditiously as possible. Mr.
A J. Gillespie I now superintendent, and has
a force of Chinamen at work ou tho Oregon
ido blasting awav rock by means of hand
drills. Kvtry man knows his place, and is be
ing worked to the best advantage. The con.
tract to clear the ehinnel on the Washington
side has been let to Messrs. Chalmers & Hoi
Hies, of Portland, who have a largo number of
derricks erected and a largo forii of men en
gaged. The llatles 77m ' Notwithstanding tho
heavj snow, during tho fust part of the week,
the coin, any have been pushing forward their
woik as rapidly as possible between tins point
.and, the C-wa les. Wc understand that 100
white and 300 ChlinWui aro at work between
Tunnel X . 2 and this citj, on bridge vork.
The piU drivers are at work about six miles
betlow towu, and as toon as the timbers are
finiihed they w ill lie shippeel to tltat point.
Iho bridges are nearly completed to Hood
Kiver from the Cascades, and trains are e
pectesl to be running b) the 13th.
ESTATE OF
Newbu ry, Havvthone & Co.
Morrison Plows,
Wliitewaker Wagons,
Farmer's Friend Drills
Esterly Seeders,
Centennial Fanning Mills,
Shovels,
Spades,
Uoad Scrapers,
Horse Powers,
and Hartford
Automatic Pump and Windmill
OiFireof UMTro Woum-ximeVs CoOnuurmi)
Boot ami Suor JUMfAcriBivo Coitr-AW, I
410 JtABhET bTiirrr, San franclsco, Cal. )
The Men' mid Boj.s' illools, Wojs",
JiIsmV mill 4 lilldren's Slides, Jinn
nnietiirrdli) us larllessrs. I'ltOT.
II IN A IILI It IMr, lire nil C usloin
Made i:iircv,lj for llicin, out or
our lti-sl Sl.ileilnl. lie Murrain
i:erj I'ulr. Very Truly i ours,
UNITED WORKINGMEN'S
Boot and Shoo Man'fac'g Co.
Kcferrln; to tho above, we wish to state that w
have a vcrj Jarire stock of their goods on hand.
PROTZMAN & DoFRANZE.
S W. Cor. Third and Alder Sts , Opp. Masonic
Temple noj.
Tlio "Household" took the first premium
loniil-rrsl.lp, ud (ouiiuou .enie and the pure for IWst Family Sewing Machines at tho ilc-Urn-tits
of co-operation should hi re'.ie-d ou eruni V fair. John Ik Garrison, 107 Thud
tOfeivo it popuUr standiu aud lutlmiie;. (strre General Agent.
NEW GOODS!
We are novr opening
Our Tall Importations
OF
pry & Furnishing Goods!
Which consist of the Largest Stock hart
ever outreu.
We call atteotlon to onr ne
Cloaks,
UtHtO'S.
Shawls.
Curtains.
Linens,
Domestics. Corset.
Silks. Coiv.s-.
Plushes, Mibbons,
lenrts, EancyG'ds
Dress GUIs,
Elaimcls,
Jilankets,
Jfosieri,
unaerwear
Gents' Furnishing Go'dsJ
OLDS A' KIG, '
Xo. IS; First Street.
oc5 Sm
?