JjJ! ..VnW? n T. TfW M -Wi T --- WILLAMETTE FARMER; V, clTLAND, OREGON, DECEMBER 16, 1881. foil Issued erory Week ty the IIX.IMKTTK FAlMIMt I'l HLHIIIMJ 10. tkrms op bUuscuiiTKtt. One year, (Totago paid). In adl ance $ 2 SO lUmonUm, (I'ostage paid), In advance- 1 Zj Uea than six months si ill be, ptr month " AD KIlSISIlvO IlATr.3 : Advertisements will be Inserted, providing tn are . ,-t.ln II.B fnllnuflnir (aUn nl rnLlUI . SCSfVimuiv, . . ...". "ft . t O JO A OH . . . ISO" 3000 find Inph nf snAM, tier month Three Inches of spaco per month One half column per month Rna mliinin twr iTinnt.h ... . aWUamnle copies sont free on application. Publication (Jffloe Jso 6 .Vasnn.ton Street Itotrs. rooms No r and AA Up THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAfJE. Ill his Mc?ago to Congress, now asscin Wed, President Artliur refers briefly to the calamity that has lately befallen the nation, ami pays, lionoialilo tiibuto to tho great ami gooil qualities of our dead l'lc&ideiit, (Jcniral Garfield. 1'rospcnty lus blcsBcd tho land, and peaceful relations exist with all countries. Our standing with other nations is ieu'cwcd, and especial allusion made to thu fnendsliip existing between Mexico ami the United States and the connection of the countries by railroads to be constructed. l'lcsidoiit Arthur sustains tho position taken by l'lcsidcnt Uarficld with the Kit lopcm powers that tho United State cl urns n light of pilar guarantee Willi relation to an canal on tho itthiiiu., and that the intirjio lion or any foreign guarantee may bo io gardod iwanipulluous mid unfriendly act. Tho l'riiidcnt piopos such modihcati m of tliti Claylon-lliilwcr treaty with Inland as will sustain tho pusitiou now tal.on by our govcrnim nt. A special envoy liw been accicditcd t) both Chili and I'cru, with the Impc tint tho inllu- enco of thu United .Sulci can bo used to lostorc- puaco to those countiiea, and ho assist in maintaining licpublii in government ami civiiiition on those continents Tho ticnties lately madu Willi China have been ratihed on both sides; Ida ionsofadiplo nutiu inline with both China and Japan uie treated of at sonic Icnglh. 'iho icpjit of the .Sccrctuy of the Iiciamj hows that 'Iho ordinal losouma fioni all sources, foi tho hscil jsar ending .luno 10, IKiil, wue from oust mil, IU3, l.i'i,"H !'-', liom iiilctuil lovonuo, Jl;ri,"(ll,381 01; iiom public luntl, g.'.J.UIb'.O II; from tix on incut ition and do noiits in li inks, hi, 110,7 IU "-; fiom lcpav- incut ot intuist by I'.uiho U ulwav compi 1H03, tllU.ft.it) DO, lioui custom ilia, unci itniiilhiu , l- . Itl.t' .Y.,I 1 hlh flnm fees, cini ,u.. . ..... ...v., ...., --,.-- r - - , , .- - . - -- sulai letters intuit and limli, fc-J,'-'! I, lis I ll'j st imp ta on inatclns, piopuc ,u, atticlci, 187.1 ta 81,018,009 22, but for the last six ears there has been an excess of exports over imports of merchandise amounting to 811,800,018,103, an annual average of $1,807, 780 17. Tho specie value of tho exports of domestic merchandise was 83,700,101 73 in 1870, nd 83,839,25!) 47 in 1871, an inciease of S't.073,001 74, or 1 3 S per cent. 'livable of imports was S3,.r.93,S08 in 1870, and S0l,2C(l,47S 80 in 1881, an increase of $i0 078,220, or 47 per cent, il urine; each year. From 1802 to 18M) inclusive, tho exports of specio exceeded the imports. Iho largest excess of such exports over imports was reached during t o vear 1804, when it amour.tid to f'122,019 29; but during the i car ending Juno 150, 18S0, tho imports of coin mil bullion cjicicdcd tho exports by S7fi8,- 913 HI, and during tho last fiscal year the c-fjeess of imports over exports were ?Sl 1,080 r.o. Iho Message alludes to the failure of the refunding bill of thu past session and tho suc cess of Secretary Windoin in continuing 8580,000,000 of bonds drawing f ami 0 p.r cent. Intel cat at 3J per cent., and adds . 'J ho reduction of the annual interest on the public debt through these transactions is as follows: Hy thu reduction of interest to 3J per cnt.. 810, t7.),Ui2 2?; by redemption ot bonds, 80,352,310. Total, 810,820,292 25. riio 31 Tier ci-nt. bonds bciiii! payable at the ploisuroof the government arc available for tho investment of surplus rev (line without tho payment of premium. Unless the liomls tan bo funded at a much lower rate of interest tluii they now b.ar, I agrio with the Secre tary of the Ticasnry that no legislation rcspictiny them is possible. Jtlsa mutter ol cjiigiatulatiou that tho business of the citiiitij his been so piospci ous dining the past j (ai as to yit Id by taxa tion such a largu sin plus of income to the ovvcruiiiciit. If tho ionium laws loinainuii dunged th s suiplus must jcai byjear ni ne isc on act omit of the l eduction of the pub I c di lit and its burden ot inteicst, ajd be cause of the gi fat mcieano of population In 1880, just pno to the institution of om inti r nal rcMiiuo h) btciu, cur population but Uightly cNeecd'cd 30,000,000, by thu census of 180 it is found tn exceed 50,000,000 It is estimated that even if the annuil iceoipts and expiu htiiie should coutiuuo us at presiut the entnu debt would be pud in ten yi ars. In Mew, however, of thohcavj loidof taxation which oui pioplo li wo already borm-, wo may well loiisidi i whothci it is not the part of wisdom to lcduco tho reicnuc, crn if o de lay n little thepajnicnt of tho debt. ltscem to mo tho tuna lias aniMil when icoplo may jiull demand some icbcffioiu then pio cut cuoiimms biiiden, and that uj duoiconomj in tho aiious Inniicliis of the public scrieu this limy bu icadily i llecti (I I hereby concui with thu feccii-lan in Keoinimmliug tho abo lition of all Jiiknul ioeuue liitis, except thou i upon toll icco in its inous forms, and upon distilled and fcrnnnlcd llipiois, and ex ci pt als i tho special tax upon the imnufac- till i ot ami ilealcis in suell unices. I no u Uiitiou of the latter tax was ilcsnalile as alloiduiL' thu olhecis of this giiiiumeul a proper snpimsioi ol tlno articles lor tlio piuiention of flam). 1 ngicu with the . Socio t.uy ol tliu 'I'nasmj that tho hw imposing a i bcem 4 -If more expensive routes have by railroad service. Tho cost of. vico must, therefore, Western States and master General, however, the constantly increasing servieo as a serious difficulty in I making the department 8elf-sustaV nostal ilitnrr-nnrsn with fnrcitm p.i kept pico with tho growth of the, lomestic service. i rapidly dif Territories , callst cost of ierceded star aer- in the l'ost- -on to mail say of Our lies has fiom piocei-drtiil silosoi givcriimontpiopcrty, pl'ii'ig (.uds, iho Ks and mi) with SJ0.2I7 111. fiuiii luoliti on com i 'i-, .fll, IdS, 185 01; fiom icwmio of thu Distnct of Co luuiliii, 8-0111,199 2,1; fium inisu lliucous sources, il,2eMI,bM) I.I; total oilinai in ceiijts, ?"0ll,78-,2')7 '1'liu oidiiMiy (p ndi ttu cs lor tho hiiino pcuod weie, foi civil ox pernios, 417,1111,177 19, foi Imc-igii liitu couise, 810,9.l'l,.rd0 112; loi lnduns, 511,071, 100 19; for pensions, 85,0.'i0.27'l hi; lw tnu uulitar utabliihim.uts. inoliidiug rivet and hubor liiipiovi incuts and ais nils, 810, Ihli, 100 02; fin thu naval u Uhluluuuut, tuulml nig w-isili, muliiiKiy and impiovoinouts at u ivj jaida, 'il0,(lstl,07l b0; foi misullancous t'Xliwi lltiilu,, inellidlug pulilio bulhlliiKS, lijlit Ihhi ii s ami colli ctiug thu luviuuc, 811,817,2-iU 01; lor ox, eiidituiu il .iLcuunts of tho lliHiljt of Cdumbia, i,303 ().! 0 1; for iiiteiost on tho pubhudebt, SbJ,r0b.7 1 1 18; foi pii'iuiiim on bonds piituhiscd, a-I.OiU, -2IS US, totiliudinaiv i-xpundituu-s, s5JnO,7l2, 8ti7 0'), luivm ' n BiiHilus uf levoniii ol y 1 00, 0S9,49i 9S, wlueli win applied as fullo.is To tho li ili-mplioii ol bonds mi the linking luml, Ol l,ill,-'JJ; liaetioiul euuoiiev tin lliu smit ing fund, (.10,900,1 0U 0,1) lull n of J'ubiuii), IMil,7l,lhJ,OI0, ten forties of 1S0I 8-OUi, 100; livo twenties of lhll'i, lj.173 000, ciuiiiils ol IWi tll.l,lfill; c(Ui6ulii)l 1s(j7, 8'I,0U1,000 iiiiibiiU of 1HH, 8,137,100, loin indemnity stoih, CIO.ODO; old ill in iitd uumiomtl lutei est and othoi nutos, tls,,l 10; ami to tho in eiuasu of i,uih in I'lisuiiiy, fll 0.17 02,1 0.1. Tlio tupiiiimuiits of t-iu si iking liiud fui thu i-u .u.iminUi I tn QI),7Sil,0il U-', which sum iiuludm i biliiiu- ul 81 hls.l-Js 7s nut m siiliilinr Dunn,' tli.i jui-vmus IKeil jiu tho mull of 87,118,021 Oj w ih appbid to tlu fund, whloh lolt a ilelloit nt 8lo,.00,s73 47. 'I hu iiuioikO ol thu ii vtmius nt ISM owl tliosu of thu previous viai-vvnst2'l,,ri2 710 10. it is i-stiniiU-d tint tho miipts dining the iii'jint lisuil imi will it tcii 8100,009,000, mid thu impindituii's fr-i0,UU0,W)0, having a tiurplus ot 8130,000 (KM npplieablu to tho Mi-king fund iiii-l tho uihmptioii of tho public ib-ht. i uc-ionl moo with tho Act of IVbiuai) 2s, KS7S, 8IO-',IH)0,000 stmdaiil cilvtr dull us luo been iniiiidand onlv J. 1 1, 000,000 in ill i illation, 'I'lio I'uMileiit indursis tho leo in iiieudatio i of thu Socictarv of the Iic.isiut that isiiik of siIvli icitiluatis bo tlisomi tinned, and thats.lvoi ilollus hIioiiIiI only bo louii-il as ntidod. Vhu nceipts fiom tho customs foi tho pist fisnil vi. il wi-ro 8191,09 l,7l0 0J, an iiu-ii.isu of 811,017,011 I J ovurthitnf the puaeding )i.n. Of this amount jl.iS.OlN.OdJ .'.9 was collected at tho port of Niw oil, Uavmg 5,".0,2.'l,li:t til as thu amount eollo.tidut all other Jminti of tho (oiiutrv. Of this mini $17,977,137 0'1 was lolloctml on miyu and mnlassi-s, 8-7.270,(i21 78 on wool ami its nnn ufacluro, 8-l,l0J,0,tl 37 mi nun ami ttu-1 and lnuiufaetuiis tluuur, ?19,0,IS,(ii!,i St up inauufaitiiics of bill., 810,835,110 21 on man uf utuivs uf ejttun, ami 80,409,013 on wiuos mid ipirits, luakiui; a total fuvinuu fiomthisu soiiiiosof 8l33,l)5b.720 SI. Hie vpinos uf collation lor tho list )i-arweru80, 119,315 20 mi incnuiso oui tho piivrdiug voir if 81S7.4III. N'otuithitiitidiug tho lucnaso in n-venuo from customs over tho preveding i-u, the e,riss x.ilgu of tho import, ineliiillng fuo goiMU, iloe-roannl ovip8J000,000. Thf ntivit uurlisl ilccroaso was in the valuo of in.auufw tund wool l4.triJ.0S.'. and iu that of aorap mid pig iion, ?l2,M0,tl71. Tho valuo of im ports of suj;.ir, on tho other hand, showed an incri-aso of 5-7,407. 7I of stool rail, 81.315, 521; of baili-y, 42,101,201, and of atvd m bars, iu(,oU,ctn., st).H,l)10. Contrasted with tho imports, tho export woio follow i Doinnitio uu-rcliMiilito, 890, 8J9.250 47l foivign iiKivlmndi.o, 8181.013 9 I; tJtal, !?.M,OJI,77.l 40 liupnit uf u.iivlun. duo 870,120,1110 23; n-u-e.s if eiiuits uxor imivorta, 10, IW.Iiy 1 1, i;. lupui-l Willi tlio mopiietv bo repi.iled, and tho Itw also bv which banks ami bankers nru assessed upon i.apilal ami ilcjw.iti. 'Jliuu sons to bo a geiieial sen inn-lit in f ivor of this c uise. In tho pii-scnt condition of join lcveiiuo tho tax upon ilopoits is ospccially unjust. It was lruwriiiipnsid in this country until it was decmid piopei by tho necessities of wai, and it was ncvci exacted, I believe, dining its gie.iti st exigencies. Huikm are icijuired to secuio their ( uoulation by pledging with tip 'I'lcaaiirur of tho United htitis bonds o ; geneial goveriiuuut. I'lio intjicat Umn these boi.ds, which at tho time tho tax was imposid Wis 0 ici c-ciit,, 13 now, in moit instances, ,'tj per c- lit., ami besides, tho c nil t o cuciilatiou was onguiilly limited bj law, and in i o wa was allowed when tho existing biuUs hut piopiilj a inoin poly of tho bu-imss. 'Ihuo was I iree in the suggestion tint for tho fi in close to the f ivoung giantus thu guv il mm nt might vtiy pinpeily exait ntix on cuciila tiou, but foi yiau tin- sjstcm his been fuo, anil tlio amount of i-iieula'ion ltgulitul by tho pubho ilcmiud 'I lie tmll liws also neid iewlnn, but th it ilue repaid maybe pud to tlio lOllUlctlilg IllttlCSIH ot oui cm us, mi p a tint c nnges should bo madu with eiution, 'Iho 1'iesidunt f noisjni-ieisp of tho in my to 30,000 n on; alludus to Indian tioublis m Aiioniv and eUowhcrc; v.uiuus details of sig nals ivieo and otliei umj nutters me ;ivtn; oxpi'udituiis for tho iitm liht )iai weie 812, 12J, 201 .".'I. 'Iho imllicLney of the navy e in only be icmeditil by a lui,o i-xpenditiui-, and tho I'libidrut fav iiiti the in uutiiuing of national ptistigu b) pticing mil- nivj on a fiwtiug to o i respond with tlio ellorti nmlo in that iluie t.ou 1 othci gnat puwus, 'Iho i.iput of tho I'ostmastir (leiiei il is a tii-itifxnij exhibit ol the giowthnnd itlicioncy ot thu postal Htivue, 'tnu receipts fiom pos t il mi I otht I in lit! u y Miuui's dining tho lust lisc.it voir wiio8-!l',3s9,S10 OS, 'I ho ticupts fiom the money ordtl business wrio t'J'.Ci,- 0SI 39, making a total of 8-10,780,397 97 Tho i-xpiuililiiicaloi tho tisc-.il wmi who 859,251,. 730 10 'Iho ilillut suppliid out of thu gin ti.il tu.isiuiv was 8-'. 117, 129 3.1, l'hoiiciipts vvuo 81,401, Ulh t3 in calls of those of tlio previous )C it and 81,079,397 97 111 oxllss of thu istuu.ito made two veais ago, bcfoio tho luiMiit period of busiiuss piospiritv hid fill lv begun I ho wholo number of Uttcis mail ed in this Louutry in thu hist tini-il )tart ii.ilcd oiiu thi-iiaiid millions, iho itgistiy i-vstim is lopoitid to bo in txeilliut i-niidi-tiuu, hiving Ihlii ii modeled during thu put four t.ns with good it suits. 'Iho amount of illustration fit's lulltitid iluiiii ' tho last lis- ial viar was 71.Ss2.20, un uuitaso over tho mail w-ari-uiling Juno ;0, Ihn, nt (.14,1,44.1,. 10 'iho (lituo iiunibir of litttrs ami pack. ages rigisteitd timing tho war w is 8,931,1110 ol w men only voui wore tumojtM or iot in transit. Tho operitlon of tho niomj older v stem is niiiltiplwng iarl under tho uu puUo of iimiiigiiition, nf the rapid dowlop ment of new ir States and 'iVrrltiuit-s, ami tho iousiiiiiut iloiuand for additional means of liiteiL'omuiuuii-.itioii and cu'liino Dining ttiupartvi.il 3JS .idditiiual moiuy onlir of liecs have Ix-cu c-ttabliliitl, m iking a total of 5I'HI in operation at tho ilitn of tins n port. During thu war tlio domtstio moui-y oixlers aggii-giittsl in value 8105,075,709 35, A mod llliatiou of tho )ateni is Hiijciutcil, lislucing foi-s for money ordris not oxen ding livo dob lirafi in tvu'iint tn five cents, anil making tho maximum limit 8l0t iu plaio of 850 Iax islatiou for the disposition ot uu Iviunsl uion ov ouluis in poMi-wiou if tho I'ostollico l)o pari men t Is iixHiiniuoiided m wuw of tho fait that their total value cm-eds SI,lKa,(K)0. 'the atteuiiou of Congress is again poiuttsl to tho iibjcvt of eitabh Jlnng n Si stem of t.av uigs do luKitcriis In eoiincctioii with the t'otolhce btpattiiiciit. 'I ho statistic of null transput Utiou show tint during the part) car riluvd r utoi liao been inorv.isnl in length (i2,42tl iiiilv ami in oot Slll.:t2, while tcauilHt routes haxe Uui divriA-.cil in li-ngth 2182 mile All 1 in cost $131,051. 1 ho to c.itlo 1 star inov ions )i-ai there was an liiiiiasunf 8bit, 33,tbS in thoalii8of txnnrttof imrclisii duo, and a deueiso of 825.2lK),ll8 III the viduoof impoiU. 'Jiiosiiiiiul avilaisonf in f-r..i nf miijirts nf imri.haildlsM mi r ixiuvita' i.. . I I .....l ,.. I... ...I. 'MLtO " - ' --"I --- --- , I I cities It i SJ lw II tn-ts.isti i.i tvitj,-. ....' - . - thereof for ton years previous tj June, Jc, imU and inrost (Sill, tit. NeojJj all ol tlieJlV.uUiit to dueliirgii hi (unction Immense increase of litigation requires mod ification of the present system of U. S. courts to correspond with the growth of population and busnipss. The so-called "cowbojs"of Arizona, 00 to 100 in li umber, are a band of desperadoes that in v ado Mexico, as well as depredate and murder in Arizona, and some legislation is desiied to enable the courts to reach them. The Indian problem demands solution. Thousands of lives and hundreds of millions of money have been sacriliced in dealing with native tribes, and complications continually ari-e involving rights both of Indians and whites. Tho policy of introducing among the natiio tribes the customs and pursuits of civ ilized life, and so gradually absorb them into the mabs of citizens, shiiing their lights and held to their responsibilities, has been follow ed hy Government for somo yeais past with gratifying results. Tho President favors ex tending tho laws of the States and Terriloiies over tho icscrvations within their bound', and diacting it of a law that will allot land to de rcrving Indians who will sever tubal relations and cngago in agriculture, such laud to bo in alienable for 20 or 25 years. Tlio succes of Ii dun schools at Hampton, Carlisle and Tor est Orovc is matter of encouragement. J'he tcrnblo eiime of M or monism is p! unly sot forth, and I,(:gilation i (.commended to in nblo tho courts to deal with it as it desctics, and ns tho nation demands. Government should aid education ly all reasonable and po-sibl" means. The leport of tho Conumssiomr ot lalucation gives gratify ing pi oof that local legislation and puvato benewilci ce have dono much towards giving cdiicatn nal advantages to tho uneducated clabscs of tho population of tin Southern .States The President suggests that national aid should be proportioned to tho Statis to eoucjiond with the illiteracy of population, as shown by the census. 'I ho leport of tho Commissioner of Agiicul- turo exhibits tho lesults of tho experiments, winch that dopartment has been engaged in during tho past xrai, and makts lmpoi at t suggestions in refciineo to tho agriculttital development ot tlio countiy. llio steady in crease of oui population and tho consequent addition to tho numbers of those cng.ac.cd in puisuit of husbandly, nte giving to this de putnient a (.rowing dignity and importance. Iho CnmniiMioiiu's suggestions touching its e.apicity foi gicatci uciulucss descrvo attcn tiou, as it men- and inoie co'iimcmU itself to the interests sliich it was created to piomote It appears fiom tho icports of the Coiniin i- sioner ot Tensions tint emeu lbbO i89,t!0J origin il pension claims have been filed, nu I 150,940 of these have been allowed and in bciibnl on the pension roll ; 72,039 have been l ejected and abandoned, being over 13 per cent, of tho whole number of claims settled. Thero aro now pending foi settlement 200,575 or;u,in il pension claims, 22,709 of vvhull weie iTli prior to July lbt, issu. Jlicso wlien al lowed will involve the payment of annus fiom thu dato of death oi t luiiiii'iou of a pnoi r iuli t. In all other ciuscs fiom all tho data obtainable, it is estimated that 15 per cent, of thu number of claims uovv pending will bo ujicttd oi abaiidonid. 'Ills would show tho piobablo ujection of 34,010 cases mid tho possible addition of about 193,000 chillis, all of vi Inch involvo the pigment of nnoirs of pi nsious viththo p result force empl t d thu number of adjudications iciniiu ingon the o line and no new business interven ing this lutmbtr of ilinns (19.1,000) co-ibl bo iiclid upon in .a pi nod of six yens mid taking tho 1st of January, 1881, as a uiarp nod from which to tslimitu in each tas-u an avciago amoiuit of nru us, it is found that ovtrj ciso allowed would injuue foi the hist piynicnt up. u it the sum ol 8113") Mill iplwug tins amount bv tho whnlo umnb r of piobiblo ad missions 1 liud $250,000,0b0 as iho sum io ipintd for liist piymiuts. I'nis io logouts tho sum whioh must be paid up n ilaims, which vveio likd b.foio ,lu 1, 18S0, an I me now ptnding mil minted to tho hem-fits of tho ai loiMitet. I'ioiii this amount miv bo deduct, id fixmi SHkOOO.OOO to(jl5,000,000foroatcs while tho iliiiu tuts dvinc, theie is no pel son who, uiidii tho law, won d be entitled to such pensi ii, which kai-s $:,n,P()0,000 as tho probibli .amount to be pud in thiso ( s-iin.vtcd. No aoiouut luas l t n taktii of the- .IS.OOO cim-s Idnl sincu June 30, 18S0, and now ptndiiu, v liis.li inn it rneivo attention as cm rent bind mss, but whiih do not involve tho pawnent of ail) aiu.aishowmd that of the date ot tiling the c 1 il m. Of this iiuiubtr it is istiiiuted SO pir cent, will bu allowed, mid it has biou stated that with the picsiut foico of tho pen sion bun-in, 075 iloiks, it is estiimtt-d that it will take tix wars to dispuso of tho claims now pending. It is stattd by tho Commission-i-i of Pensions thnt b an a-ldition i f 250 links, incieasing tho adjiidu.ating foico rath ii than the lurch iiiieh il, no d ubt tlio amount of win k tould be accniuplishcd so that these easts could bu act.il upon within tin i u years. The nitsnaeo iluuussis Civil hcrvice refoiui in tho best posiblo epuit; advocates putting only competent men in olhce, but contends tint laiKinots prineiplis should prevail, coin pctmey and eUiciciicy, iouitcy ami good manner be essentials, and not u u.t-ro ability to stand a competitivo examination on book learning; that omploiiuent in public tcrvice should bo permanent; with promotion fur good conduct and ability ami no reiuov al except for cause. Ho cities tho perfcctien attained by tha lai?luh civil servuti aftir many year ef progusi, and from a xery oonupt sstcui that founeily prevailed ami tuggeits that while in somo nspicta the KncJish civil nrvioo still need modification to tint our circtitmt.auns, It iu lo made the (.round work of a perfected sxstcui bised on evpericuco gained in it op eration there. Pusidiiit Arthur' ideas ar fir moro cotuittiiit thu the uiertl) competi tivo plan proposed for .i parrot-like rscitat of aJiool-booL literature as a tut of fitucs for ollice. Tho mos.igo touchis ujion Iho eaufes of tho tUcUno of our iiirrcbaut luaruio; the need of a Urtitori.il governor of AUtka; the ntsd of tho district of Co iiinbia; tho nettl of t tiely i i.. .. i.i. . i ....... ....s iLttsti.it mi, u oaitt iu ast-viiainuieii doLtaratiou of the w.tc of Pi-esi.teulul -. suit l dt lino tho intauiiig of the ten abilitj," whtn npi lied to tho nubility tive, so as to call tho Vico President to ex ercise such duties. President Arthur concludes as follows: Deeply impressed with the gravity of the responsibilities which havo so unexpectedly devolved upon nie, it will be my constant purpose to co-operate with you in such me.oa utcs as xv ill promote the glory of the country and prosperity of its people. WILL WOODEN SHIPS ANSWER. Ill days when the "Old Constitution" fought tho battles of our uarly history, and for long afterwards, wooden Bhips transacted tho commerce of all the oceans, and the "Wooden Walls" of nations wero considered their best defense. Hut w e ha e changed all that, aud now iron ships aro claimed to be as indispensible for commerce as for war. There aro still men who claim that wooden ships can be piofitablv built and used, and it cer tainly must be easy to decide that question. It is easy enough to compute tho average life timo of wooden ships and tho amount of icpairs they require, and with those facts de tei mined satisfactorily, then tho next ques tion to aiiso will be : Can ships bo built and equipped to advantage on the Pacific Coast. Wo havo in mind that a beautiful clipper ship, known as the West Shore, was built on Coos Bay some half dozen jcars ago, and made the most wonderful vov ages on rccoul, carrying grain to Uuropo, but wa3 wrecked and lost. Shipwreck iiny come to the best vessel afloat, wcod or non, so the question nariovvs down to whether tho ships alieady built on this coast have been seiuceablo a.sd calculated for comrncicc, and can bo used in competition with Iho iron fleets that are nor. coustiucted in I'ugland, Noniayaml othei conn tuts. I-on ships answer well when tim ber is exhausted as shipbuilding matoiial, and doubtless tho necessity came for using iron as a substitute there, but that ncccs'ity doe-s not exist here, where we have immense foicsts of no id timbei piobablj tho best tint could be dcsiicj foi that put pose. If we can build ships hcic to .ftliantagc, the opportunity should not bo w o.-ited. 'J lie timo scents to have come w hen enterprise is leaiH to tjko hold of w h itever our resources make avadable, and the only way to make tho world awaro of what we have th it is worth using is to publish facts. Take the wholo Oiegon Coa3t, oi tho waters of Pugct Sound, or tho Columbia river, and ou find cveijwhero bouudlcs fenesrs of ship-building timl-ci. Sprmv hr, pine, cedar, hemlock, tamarack all these abound, 'the builder can choose location and commence woik with jnac'icilly no cost to pay for lumber or tim btis, except to manufacture- tho native foiests into the desned shape. Hire, then, is tlo national homo for ship yai ds. Let us see if tlio work can be completed to advantage. Po build wooditi ships leqmres iron, cop per, canvass and r..p-", all of which must bo brought heie fion nbioad, or fiom the Atlui tio States. o havo plenty of vessels coming hue in ballast, and could import nil such ship building supplies at reasonable cost for ti asportation frum eithei ixew i ork oi I-'nglaud. If to put thisjiivpjjj,.j2i in motion, and lonvci I Oregon and Washing ton into ship-building St itcs requires the pur chase of all ship-buildiilg oiippl-es at foieign cost, suiely Congress can bo induced to admit all such goods, to bo used oxclusiv ely lor tint puiposc, fice of duty, lathci than havo our commerco remain in foreign hands, liven if such an Act cinuot pass with leg ird to ship budding on tho Atlantic, it must be evident that B me such concession is duo to cncoui.ago ship building here, especially whin the lesnli must be so gi eat an .advantage to produccis by cieatm. truispoitaLon foi bis crops. Mr. VilHid is sail to bo interested in or ganizing a eomp my to own a line of bhips to ti ido bct'ioi u Oiegon and ljivcrpool, and tho possibility of building vessels for tint trade must lino snggestid itself to those who havo tint important pioject in wen. To woik out such a pi in will liquuoa gioit deal of capital, and to elleet import ition of supplies needed foi ship building wib need lwtli inllu nice and good management befoio Congiess We aro confident our people will spontano ously endorse and labor foi all measutea that can md oui commeicc. What can bo dono with capital, and what tho people ean do to influence legislation, m e points of great un purtance, foi to succissiully uiaiiguiate ship A Private Letter. Snohomish Citt, W. T., Dec. 3, 1831. Editor Willamette Farmer: I have resided on Puget Sound for twenty eight j ears; have read Oregon papers for some time; have taken the FAns.it r since it was published in Portland, and navo been well pleased with its fcarl ss and upright course in defense of the farmers and the farming inter ests of t'ie conntry, and am now better pleased with it than before, as you are the only edi tor in Oregon w ho has stamina enough to give a fair and impartial description of the Puget Sound country, which you have done in your very valuable paper, for xvhich receive many thanks. Also, S - enclosed for this and the next j ear's subscription. Yours truly, II. D. Mono v. In regard to tho above we wish it distinctly understood that tho Wil laxiette Farmer has no local prejudices, but is equally desiious of aiding tho development of all parts of Oregon and Washington. It is as much as this region can do to support an agricultural journal, and vie hope to deserve tho supjiort of all sections of the Pacific Xorthw est. We were glad of an opportunity that offered to make tho tup to tho Sound under favorable circumstances. and having been on thogiound and niado as thorough an investigation as was possible in tho time allowed for tho journey, we ac quired information that wo hope will hex al liable to the Sound people. Editions of 5,000 copies containing that description have been published, and seveial thousand copies v ill be citculsted through the Eastern States We havo wi'hin a jcar's time given equally full accounts of evcrv Std ion of Washington and Oregon. Wc thank .Mr. Morgan for his kind words, and hope to descrvo them alwajs. NEW r.OUTE FOR CALIFORNIA WHEAT. Imililiuu' lute on a "Liiul scale would bu great coimucrnal tiiumph, and do much to ttt-wlup oui resources ami make thevuulil aw no of the cnat and numerous advantages that attach to tho Pacllic Northwest. AMENDMENTS PROPOSED TO GRANGE CON STITUTIONS Wo notic e lntho rccoul of Gr.ango pro ccedings that several propositions wero made to simplify tho Giange organization, which vie considtr very important to the success ol tho Order. For instance, to abolish all degrees but one. This creating live degrees nicessi tates much timo spent iu initiation; besides which, tho muro simple tho workings of tha Older, after providing a becoming ritual, tho better it will suit the majority. Miny probably stay outsido of it because they object to scent org mirations, and if they understand it i a simple rite, to merely carry out a plan for unity, maintaining order and social har mony, tl ore would lw no reason to object. To our wew tho Grange should be a combi nation of local associations, with a district or county gathering omo in tw o or tbreo mouths, ,md a Siato Convention of tlelogitc once a xi-o.1. mis win iuciuuo ait inai now exist, and will bo more popular, easier of accom plishment and more elhcuut. Auotlur proposition was to niaVo any fourth degree ineinb.r eligible to election as member of the State Grange, which is also a common sense suggestion, for the present p'an is exclusive, which only admit Master and past M stir to membership iu tho State Grange.? To put ti e Grai go in the cordniou U achieve thu greatest success, it should lw divested of all surplus fornu aud ceremonies, all distinctions of tU-grtt other thautiniple) I.alo dispatches assert that Vico Pi osident Huntington, of the Southern Pacific road, has lately been to Now Oilcans, and airanged for tho completion of tho road to th it place and to .-. point on tho Gulf of Mexico twenty-five miles east of there, where a good haibor and deep w iter cm be had,wjii(h is to bo tho gulf terminus of the S. P. road w here cargo destin ed for England or Kuropo will be discharged. This touto is to bo built and limning the com ing season, .and the S. P. managers expect to move one third of tho wheat crop of Califor nia bv that loute next Fall. Other dispatches explain tint stcamcis aio now being built in '-cOtl.and and Ireland to run in connection with this road from both Galveston and New Orlcius, and two large steamers are being coustiucted at Philadelphia to inn on the Pacific coast from tho Columbia nver to Wil mington, the Western terminus of the South ern r.icilie. Xlicso boats aio of 3000 tons each. This news is only caiiving out the policy of that romp my, which wo explained m the Faiimfi. a year ago. Every scheme that less ens tho dcniaiut for this coast for ocean ton nage possesses great importance, as it relieves ptoductiou of a stenous stiain. TULL OF ERRORS NEW FALL GOODS, JUST RECEIVED AT J. F. D. WRINKLE & CO'S Silks, Satins and Velvets NEW Black mid Colored Cashmeres, NEW Plaids, Plain and Fancy Dress Goods, NEW RticIiiii&sLaccSsScarfs.Rilibontt NEW Fringes, Ciiuips, Buttons, Ete. NEW Cloaks, Dolmans, Ulsters.' A FULL LINK OF Domestic and House Fur nishing Goods. A Complete Stock of Gents' Furnishing Goods. All of tho troods sol I at tho LOWEST CASH PRICES. Siiiiiiltsfcut I lie on .Ipiilleallnn. J. F. D. WRINKLE & CO., .'31 MUST S.THM.T, (lit. S W.IIOX, l'urlliinil, Oregon. SELLING OFF AT Tliuliguics telegraphed vv itb the President's m ssji'O don't foot up corroctly, unit no doubt theio .aio many iuaccuricies in its transmis sion over tho wires. As it is impossible to sup ply tho correct figures, we let our rcders do .is we do gues at what is meant. Walla, Walla Union- for tho purpose of nioio thoroughly prosecuting the thieves, who steal government timber in tho Southern State-3 and 'Icmtoiies, Pirst Comptioller Lawrence, of tho Treasury Dopaitnimt, has decided that distnct .att uuov3 aio entitled to oxti.a coiupciitition for prosecuting such mo latcrs ot tho 1 nv The ntloinc) s thus furnish ed with an incentive wilt probibly puisua tlio foiet puatos with a zest bom of seit-inteiest. Proai all accounts, sajs tho .Spokane Chron icle, the Winter is tin ibly in earnest up in tho Pen d'Oreille countiy, mid it icquires tho ut most spmt and eiieriry to piompt a man to physic il labor outdoors, such n3 is icquired of lailu.ay laboicis. 'Iho compiny aru experi encing griat dilhciilty in propeilj provision ing this foicc. The Crab Cieek countiy is an objective point for Ctliformans imgiating to Eastern Washington. Within tho intt two months a largo nuinbci of peoplo from Santa Clu.a, Sonoma, and S mti Rosa counties lnv e loca ted jn the Ci.ib Creek region, and thej say hundreds will follow in tho bpnng. Union Count Heroul Wo aie informed that 'there ate now nt lllue Mountain fetation l-.",000 sacks of vvbi.it, of which a gieat poi lion lies out unsheltered while the rest is atowtd away under eveij available covering, and it is expected that 10,000 sicks more will be biought to that place. One film, JIcKinzio .tC.tvau.ah, have shipped 013,200 omuls aud havo livo cailoads ready for shipment, J, It. Marriott, recently fiom tho minim; rocions of Mexico, and now locating on tho Little Spokane, was in town oil Pnday, buy. nig supplied for tho Winter, and showed us a anceiiiien of Conner me, taken from a locahtv about Si milts north of i lie bn Igo crossing the Little apokaue. ivir. .Marriott is a practical miner, and is confident that inanv navim? claims will bo located and opined up in this region not Spring. The specimen indicates aliout uTi per cent copper, but is even more valuable n an indication of a galena ledge. In ho Spring Mr, Marnott and his party wi'l make a lull mi obligation of this section. So savs the pokauo Kails Chroniclt. Tho Dalles i'lnus Thero are about 170 men at work at present, and ever) thing is be ing pushed as expeditiously as possible. Mr. A J. Gillespie I now superintendent, and has a force of Chinamen at work ou tho Oregon ido blasting awav rock by means of hand drills. Kvtry man knows his place, and is be ing worked to the best advantage. The con. tract to clear the ehinnel on the Washington side has been let to Messrs. Chalmers & Hoi Hies, of Portland, who have a largo number of derricks erected and a largo forii of men en gaged. The llatles 77m ' Notwithstanding tho heavj snow, during tho fust part of the week, the coin, any have been pushing forward their woik as rapidly as possible between tins point .and, the C-wa les. Wc understand that 100 white and 300 ChlinWui aro at work between Tunnel X . 2 and this citj, on bridge vork. The piU drivers are at work about six miles betlow towu, and as toon as the timbers are finiihed they w ill lie shippeel to tltat point. Iho bridges are nearly completed to Hood Kiver from the Cascades, and trains are e pectesl to be running b) the 13th. ESTATE OF Newbu ry, Havvthone & Co. Morrison Plows, Wliitewaker Wagons, Farmer's Friend Drills Esterly Seeders, Centennial Fanning Mills, Shovels, Spades, Uoad Scrapers, Horse Powers, and Hartford Automatic Pump and Windmill OiFireof UMTro Woum-ximeVs CoOnuurmi) Boot ami Suor JUMfAcriBivo Coitr-AW, I 410 JtABhET bTiirrr, San franclsco, Cal. ) The Men' mid Boj.s' illools, Wojs", JiIsmV mill 4 lilldren's Slides, Jinn nnietiirrdli) us larllessrs. I'ltOT. II IN A IILI It IMr, lire nil C usloin Made i:iircv,lj for llicin, out or our lti-sl Sl.ileilnl. lie Murrain i:erj I'ulr. Very Truly i ours, UNITED WORKINGMEN'S Boot and Shoo Man'fac'g Co. Kcferrln; to tho above, we wish to state that w have a vcrj Jarire stock of their goods on hand. PROTZMAN & DoFRANZE. S W. Cor. Third and Alder Sts , Opp. Masonic Temple noj. Tlio "Household" took the first premium loniil-rrsl.lp, ud (ouiiuou .enie and the pure for IWst Family Sewing Machines at tho ilc-Urn-tits of co-operation should hi re'.ie-d ou eruni V fair. John Ik Garrison, 107 Thud tOfeivo it popuUr standiu aud lutlmiie;. (strre General Agent. NEW GOODS! We are novr opening Our Tall Importations OF pry & Furnishing Goods! Which consist of the Largest Stock hart ever outreu. We call atteotlon to onr ne Cloaks, UtHtO'S. Shawls. Curtains. Linens, Domestics. Corset. Silks. Coiv.s-. Plushes, Mibbons, lenrts, EancyG'ds Dress GUIs, Elaimcls, Jilankets, Jfosieri, unaerwear Gents' Furnishing Go'dsJ OLDS A' KIG, ' Xo. IS; First Street. oc5 Sm ?