it i t &'$ ' fisk f 5. & &,. til"" i:. KSE - For thf Wlllnmctto Farmer. Flax Culture-Its History. The great interest awakened In our Shxtc, on the subject of flax-culturo and flax manufacture, has induced us to trace up its history and to follow its gradual developement Inlw an article of trade and commerce, not only in our own country and during modern times, but nraong the most ancient nations of whom we have any authen tic record. The ue of linen is extremely ancient and thomanufacluroof it into garments antedates the founding of Troy, Thebes, Athens, or Home. We find the ancient Phienicians, who lived contemporane ous with Abraham and among whom ho and his descendants lived for two hundred and flften year.-, 2100 AJ M., and 1900 11. C were a commercial and , manufacturing people. Their capital cities, Tyro and Sidoti, were early cele brated for their " textile fabrics and for their commerce in purple and fine linen. " Lidcn was tlio national manufacture of the Egyptians in the time f the Pharaohs, and tlio prolific holders of the river Nile, furnished from the re . motcst periods, as at the present time, abundance- of tiie finest flax. They ox ported their " linen yarn " and " fine linen " to the Jewish Kingdom, in the days of Solomon 1000 15. C., and in the time of Herodotus l.'iO II. C they Pent to Greece their " fine linen with broidered work. It appears from sacred and profane history, that linen continued to form tho most estemed clothing in Egypt till after the Christian era. Specimens of Egyptian linen, at least three thous and yeara old, are preserved in abund ance in tho numerous swaddling-bands in which the mummies are wrapped up, and these show that tlio arts of spinning and weaving had advanced to great perfection; for not only ii the lin en very similar in every respect to what is made now, but some of it is of " extreme fineness resembling fine muslin or cambric, " though evidently mado of flax; as may lie seen in the IJritish Museum and as we saw in tlio Oriental Mnseum last summer at X. Y. The quantity of mummy-cloth found in the mummy pits and sepulchres of Egypt is so great, it is said, that it has even become an object of speculation to employ it formaking pupcr.3 From the Kgyptiaus, the neighboring nations, the Jew, Greeks, and Homaus learned the manufacture of this material, which was held in such high esteem, that it was used as raiment of royalty. Tiie earnest mention wo nave of tins in sacred history is found in Ex. 9. 31 " And the flax and the barley was smitten in tho car and the 'flax was boiled." This occurred before tho Jews were a nation and after Joseph and his descendants had remained two hun dred and fifteen years in Egypt. Again it is mentioned in Josh. 2, C; " And sho brought them up to the roof of the house and hid them with tlio stalks of flax, which she hnU laid in order upon tho house." The oriental houses were flat-roofed witli parapets surrounding, as they are to-day as we have witnessed with commodious stairway leading thereto and was un doubtedly used in this instance, for drying tlio flax, by the heat of the sun. In fact tho Jewish historians and prophets speak of it incidentally, all through their writings, as though it were a common article of production; and our Savior illustrated his new and sublimo doctrines by referring to the " rich man clothed in purple and line linen." In modern times, the manufacture of linen arrived at the greatest perfection in aflnels; and was not in common use in England till 12o:l, when it was intro duced by tho Fleming's woolen shirt having been worn before that time. In i:i(JS a company was formed in London for manufacturing it, and Lord Went worth introduced it into Ireland in 1G34. Tho inhabitants of the Nether lands, however, long excelled England in its fabrication and the finest linens, called Holland, wore imported into that country. At pic-ent very littlo is imported, tho production of tho Irish and Scotch looms being moro than suf ficient for homo eon-umption. Tlio linen trade, of Great Britain has been moro than doubled within tho last half century .owinggroatly to improvements in flax-.-pinuing. Tlio manufacture in that country may now be valued, it is said, at$-10,i00,0(xi annually, employing ' 180,000 hands, young, and old. W. F. Wm, Jeitki'vSon, Jan. Jutli, IfcTO It s Sjlo-flft in tun t'u-fi Jww, If net . vir-f, to cuffor coUi:l 4b I vV!i! to -;i!nil Lf iu tfoowimntfon, iitn a Most) luo?'l. off EW Baur of W(lKcfi'i and 'lr, LWen . t..- e, -' f "" '"', i4 n4:rn)anoci i'.kc ."octlir..tlI. .n c ...cti"; Frxil Vrtnr. Vn.lnnl.it. .,., .,n.i at the St. Charles Hotel to inspect tho vanous samples of flno graded wools iwui niivu uuen eoiioeicu and arran ged in proper condition for shipment to I'hlladflhhin. in lr nWnil mi v-MK. ilion at tho coming Centennial. These Moms mo ciiroiuuy arranged according to tho iinnlltv nf tlin irnuinu in c-.,..-,,,.. each samplo'being hold to its place by pieces of ribbons. These eight frames containing as many samples. Mr. M., Wilkins, of Linn county, enjovs tho credit of having grown six of tho sam ples on exhibition. One frame contains n specimen of tho finest grade of a muiwuiu nece, anotner, a sample ol Lecoister wool, while four frames con tain an equal number of grades of im proved Oxford wool. These wools are Of GXtmnrdilllirV flnnlln mill tlin iv. hibition of the same cannot fail to im press the world most favorably with tho superior grades of that article grown in Oregon. Mr. Wilkins also has a sample of lino wool cut fiom tho fleece of an improved Oxford lamb onlv six months old. which for beauty and delicatoness of fibio can hardlv be dis tinguished from silk. Mr. Thos L. Davidsou, who resides near Salem, has two framns containing extraordinary lino samples of wool taken from the fleece of a Merino sheep. All these specimens have been selected with ex treme care, and prepared with tho ut most taste. Such an array of wools cannot fail to attract general attention and elicit flattering comment. The sample will bo placed in a compact box and shipped East along with the cereaN nnil nthfr iirriidos tn ho nlnpml on exhibition. Every precaution will be observed to have tho specimens reach their destination in the best pos- si'lliln mvlnr irnaaiu "Willrliu .in.l Davidson deserve much credit for their eiiorts to place bolero the world in the most advantageous light, one of tlio l?M'.lfpst indllfrii'-i wnul orrnu'inrr nf this Statv.Oregonian, Cj:iu:ai.s ron Tin: Ci:xti:xnial. Tlio Centennial Commissioners have succeeded in collecting u magnificent assortment of cereals, which arc tem porarily on exhibition in one of tlio rooms of tho St. Charles hotel bnilding, whore they will be allowed to remain until shipped East. There are about forty-two varieties of the cereals com monly known in this State, including tho various wheats spring, fall, etc. grasses, barley, rye oats, etc. Great care has been exercised in the selection of tlio varieties of grain and grasses and none but the very cut collected. Without an exception tho grains are large, plump and fully developed, and are marvels of what a fertile soil and favjrablo climate can produce. These cereals are now arranged in largo round glass jars which aro kept tightly closed, and tho contents excluded from expos ure to tho air. By this precaution tho grains can bo prevented from shrink age, aud will reach their destination plump and clean. When ready for shipment East, the cereals will bo placed in small sacks, appropriately labeled, to prevent confusion and facil itate easy aud rapid classification, put Into tight boxes and sent as ordinary freight. On reaching l'hiladelphiahe grain is to bo taken out and arranged in squaer glass jars, which will onablo tho varieties to bo exhibited most ad vantageously. Each bottle will liavo a label attached, giving tho variety of grain, where and by whom raised. uregontan. A LAiiriE Cakgo. Tho Orcironian. Jan. 29, says: Tlio ship Uowdon, which cleared for Liverpool yesterday, carried tho largest cargo of wheat over ship ped from Oregon, and considering the size of tho vessel, sho had a very good dispatch. Sho arrived in tho river about tho 4th inst., and camo up to Pacific wharf whero sho was discharg ed, and whero .-he took on over 1,700 tons of hor cargo. Sho went down tho river without difficulty, drawing 17 feet, and finished loading at Astoria several days ago. Her cargo In weight oxcoeds that of tho Baron Aberdare by abont :Mi0 tons, though that of tho latter being p irt flour, w.ts more valuable by about 7,000. In round numbers the Bowden earriPd 90,000 bushels, and Messers, CorbittA Mncleay, who loaded and dispatched her, can pride them selves on the fact that no other vessel has ever carried a larger cargo from our State; none so largo over had bet ter dispatch. We wish the llowdenas successful a voyage all round as sho has so far. Oregon State Temperance Alliance. Tlio minimi raeetlns of tlio Stato TBtnper nnot AlUanan will b li-jld in tlm ulty of ro"tliiuJ mi VVodiKiwItiv, Feb. 10. IsTll. coin- menclns; Kt 10 o.olotk A. M m rooJ Tem Iilari' Hall, corner Alilsr and thlnt streota. All tempfjrnniw boci(tls, rhurchm, Httnday KohfHilR, nnd all ornuled bndlei wlilnh aro knowu to b in iiotlve worklns f-ympatby witntlio temjieranro rt-lorm, nro rfjnestHd to send illozutrH. Tbo uasln of roprussnU tion ib: Ono delegate for the orKanization, iinb ono lorevory twenty tuomhorb, and one for itvpry tiAidlna ovrtsn. Arrntitiipnts Jiave bfeu mad) with the various transportation coinpiniis for the usual reduction of faro to delegates wbo at tend. W. R. Dunbyr, President. Januarv.??. lsTfl. Coos Bay. Insnwprto pn Itujiilry, the r.cconl says tbflm ia a onnsidri) hlu quantity of irood pov ernment land on tbo Unqullle river nud its trlbuwrlt,!!. Tliw-o IuikIh, of course, aro not ImtuclI.iUily ujion cavlablo walon., nor on rnailH nlrhHilf nrlAfln: lint lliov ran hn ffinnfl by tbo oniorpriiilng irntnlraut who Is will ins to ticca pi laud vlileb is a few miles back, vroll wntHrod, with oxcollont hoII. and covor o.i v.'lt'i llruber. No luau neid o'ltcetotiio C09fct r.f 'ir.i.t'iirn Oct)? u looking for . titiiui, prairia ' ud; b'lt ni-iu v !i- t.r-5 wi'linv to tvir.e f t 'f'uniu ilio wbilf-riKn.n, pii) Jin 1 pis n v r . (m n , i y ? s f.i iutid v ,u M fteiifcv if1''1, " - ffwi fviu'r.-y' tfc,ii'Japul w ft . tji.fC bJuaais " e'i bid rrilf.ii("rl 111 n n-, .) Hlf, ttrrisl. T". ji i I is'l b'j n- .'luil i'll'l fll fOO-l fIU.iliy WILLAMETTE FARMER. INFALLIBLE AND FINAL cure: ALL PERSONS SUFFERING FROM ASTIIMA, lltoncbltls. Inilu'cd Phthisic. Incipient Con sumption, nnd w!hlne to bo PERMANENTLY CUhMl, plei-o lurorm m In person or by letter. U address Is NliliuY, Cln:k.ilni comity. Urcimn. JiiSlmO II. M. DAUGHKHTY. Oregon Steamship Company's STEAMBOATS. THE STEAMER ALICE WILT. LEAVE SALEM for Corallls awl intermediate points on Mondiy inrt ThiirrcHv of each week anint 3 p. in. Returning Mill loo suem for Portland at a. ra. Steamer UllNANZ V will leave for the same points on Tueedaj s and .Friday. W. II. McCUI.LT. Agent. Jin 51, If. HOPETON OATS. SOMK OF TIIE REASONS WHY EYKRY FAR- mer t-houla proenro feed of these vilmblo Oat : lft. They will ripen at lesst two week ctrller thaa side oils. 2d. They arc mtj thrifty, and grow o fat that they chokudown tilth to a stteit ettent; and, a they triinv ey tall, aro ca-lly cut abo e fern, on thowout tern land. SI. They wok-h flfiv pound? to the bncoel, strnrU meauro 4th. 'They nil All, plump, no hlnrku. and are worth far mors fr iil or for inik inr? oatmeal thin any other oit. r.t'i. They can be "ownon land th it in seeded with wild oat. and will be mdy in head beioro tho wild oils .will 1 1 pen. tlicrcbvslUn. a irood crop uf oats and at tho name timo cleano tho land I havo rnif cd thcte nate three yearn, and kmitvul at I state to bs tr.iu. Theyluve 'aken tlioswecptake prtmlnm o er all othir o.it, theIatto jia- at tho Oregon S'ntn F.ilr, which anyone cm moViv refeirlus to the preminm llt. Theynmnbcantlfiil nlittu rain, nud ero Impoitcd tiorn Cnnndi by the Doenrtinent nt Wahlngtiin. I now ofler theo valntblo o it to Farmers In -rd only at tliolollowins rate: Two bnhels or oer, ilCfi pcrbit'lioi; anything les, ten ci ts p-r pound. Any ono nishluj tutiniclinaloliushcl or more will ro LClvo a samplo by hendin'j tio lliree cen stamps to J ii. ltmsuiiss, lfothcl, Polk co., Oregon. Las' sprlnslfoned some of tho Hopeton Oaton fi in land, and they rruv till cnomh to int abnio the fern and mil.OKOodsnoie3 I solved some stdnobts at tho sime time, tho land th? same kind, with the eimi) tieatment. Tho Hopeton Outs jleldcd one third more to tho aero thin tho side oats, and nf mnch hotter finality. And better than all. the Hopeton oats ere ripo two wcel;9 befoio the side oat. M. L. ROaniNS. Bethel, Polls co.. .Tan. 31. lSTd Jli "' GOOD SEEDS aUOWN w Ith care and painstaking, from selected stofk. Alwais Pa! Try mine. 8co adver tisement "All About (iardenlmr." J. B. ROOT, (iroiver, Roukford, 111. Jal4wl3 FLOWER Hpooncr's Prize Flower Seeds SVOOXEK'8 BOSTON Market Vcgctablo Seeds SEEDS. The cheapest and best seeds VEGETABLE in tho market. Send two 3 cent stamps forourlllmratoo cat.ilouu and sto tho prices, ,W. H. SP00NEK. SEEDS. Boston, Mass THE STEAMERS Gifcy of Salem and Ohio, SWW. coiii'nisiKa THE fir Willamo'tto Stcninoi'N, WILL LEAVE POUTLAXD. TIUIOUOII TnE Locks, forbalcin, Albany, Con jllis, Harrlsbiiri;. Kul'ciiu Citv. nud nil wav uulnts. two and thice times I a week, and luuni. FllEtUIir fonMided by this line will rccchc quick i despatch and the best of care. Oiirsteami'M lue nncq'iahd aceommo'iations. be I in? pnvided wltliocrytlilui;iii.ca.iry to make tra ders comfortable. Ilavimr leacd tiie IHCIFIO WHRF and WARE 1 noUSE ftho best in Poitlmd. tcimr nil enclosed) wo aie prepand to lectho on stori'o ,),(l')0 tons of , ireigm. ff? uiiAui.ua itusuiNAUiji;. For iurther information, awply on hoard stctmcrs, or to N. INKKIISOIA., I General Airent, Portland. I F.O, FOIIWATKA Salem, Agent. U. B. SCOTT & CO. DUTCH FLAXSEED THK UNDERMOSBn HAVE RAISED TIIC PAST jeir, and line fo'sulo lOOO BuslieJs Dutch Flax osd A they imported the s ol sown, and hao ciiltlvitcd caiLfully, thoy can wjirauttno same to bo Good CJlcnn Rued of Excellent unlity. The adianlnioot Iht iticty 1 that, after savini; the se-d, tho still iv i ery valuable for iivinuftctur intpnri si-4 Ailfhu-ffi, PAKIOSH A,3IILI.rJlt. Januiry.") 'li-tl Jellerfon, Oregon. w. wiATHnroi(D. J. W. WEITIIBILFOHL Weatherford & So., Wholesale and Jtetall Dealers In DE In FAIN i S. OiLQ, CLASS, Patent Medicines. CHEMICALS, :E o :r fum ery TOILET GOODS, Etc, oto. PURE WINES and LIQUOB.S, For Mullcma! purjiosts. IrZudicincs Compouuded, aud Proscriptions Filled. Weatherford & Co., JanV-y Cocmcrclalrlreet. SAK.-fi. Adrainiotratrix's Notice. lTOriC'lt i herebv itcii lhat th underifrnol In i,i Ij. hii dily appoli lil adnilnut'-iiur f tho ei.tito of !UvM V(ou, iv .oai, id. "ill ptituus Ifnini! rnnrsii in h.in n.itrii rv rpci!iin I nr.l tilt un ii wiiji xmipor V,iea. s "i- it m rei;i iu ; xnrinri enoa'.y, reia. wuu i s-..iiii i fiowtluj Mua qw s"j- w 1 VVHSTOK, A.tu.Mi;r-trli, Jc. i: i- I Ssi GARDEN CITY PLOWS, IMPROVED :F"Cr 1375. E HAVK ON lUKP. AND AKE RKCFIVTNG lldiV ever liefon known in this bUt, Tluwo nor on V.W -, . 1 1)1.. ...... f..,,....l pl.rnipil llo v. ever lioiioiieii toin'1 racuicci a-t. Warranted Superior to any Plow in tho United F tates ! THE GARDEN CITY SULKY PLOW, Cuttinpc 14 and 1G inchoa. with 3-horso attachment, and 16-moIi rolling Cutter is without a rival. It has been so thorough ly tested that wo warrant its operation in any soil in tho Stato. These Plows ara sold with that guaranty. t2T SEND FOR CIRCULARS AND PRICE MSTS.-S SCHUTTLER WAGONS, ALL SIZES, MONITOR BROADCAST; SEEDERS AND CULTIVATORS, GARDEN CITY CULTIVATORS AND HARROWS, sg T. CUNNINGHAM & CO. SALEM, October 1, 1S75. - i mm i - Expectorant Stubborn Coughs and Colds yioid promptly to tho healing and cura tlvo properties of Dr. Jnync's Ex. pectornnt. It loosens and promotes tho expectoration of irritating mat ter, mitigates much paiu and dis tress, and chocks Inflammation. Asthma, Bronchitis, and Throat Troubles aro at onco reliovod by Mr. JnynoH Expectorant. It re moves constriction of tho Bronchial tubes, loosens phlegm, soothes nnd heals tho mucous membrane, arrests any fovorlsh tondoncy, and helps to forward a gradual euro. Consumption, Pleurisy, and Lung AffCCtiOIIS aro generally controlled and ameliorated by Dr. Jnjno'w Ex pectorant. It saves tho lungs from, much irritation and distress, by ro lioving thorn of tho irritating rnnttors by which thoy aro clogged, it also suppresses inflammation aud gives tho alToctod parts a chanco to heal. Whooping Cough.Croup and Hoarse ness aro ofH caclously treated by Dr. Jnyuo'M Expectorant. It removes difficulty of broathing and oppres sion in tho throat or lungs, promotes tho ejection of mucus and subdues the violence of theso complaints at tho outset. It is a Safo Family Cura tlyo, of long-ostabllshod reputation, and whero promptly ndminlstorod, has enabled many to cscapo serious Iiimg AUcctious. I j u..tfj .v vw,. I, .u.v.-..k. ,ime, LtliLlmill, Oieon. ool'unj X5LZS3 BOOT! -AT- JOHN Y. GILBERT'S, nl2 SALKM, OK. tf Fruit Trees JFruit Trees ! I havo CO,000 Jrtho Finos fc Pruuo and Plum Treos In the btate, Kor sale ttiM rail, 1T1, nn.l ;irliiu of 18T1. Truon froti tljUMiHtUlitfuet In lilrfit, nil irntfiud oil omulii.' foodlltijj. llavoilno 75,000 other Fri'i- Tn-.'s ewi hrub,. Ill '!tf'j, (lrttw wilU-'M. UjuKii u Cttitlfx.'u. utirr!i. Mt jbi fhx. ut iijr ninttnr, m. w. aiXTyAfv, Prorti...vt a. J ilrmil .. iv i i'nl iit l'riiuud, Wr. BUY A HO. i 1MB - lUIB vw TUB LAliHEST Muni ur iut Aiiuf. uttiy 1 ed ore made with new nnd special impro cmcnt, i io uti---t. "i imcci. i,m,? i. wu ...j -frff'l ir-lr ii Kmrvn vrassi Pacific University AMI TUAIiYTIN ACIDKIIV, Foroist Grovo, Oi'osou. F.lODIfTVl T!r.- S. II. MYlMit, D. B President, and 1'rores orol Intollortiml lhllo-onhy. H-.v HOKYOB LYMAN, A.M., 1'iofossor of Rhet oric ami llletortr. HBO. II. UULLICR, A. M., rrofessor of Math eiiitlei. Hisv. T. CO.VDON, A. St., Professor of Natnral .1 IS. V. MA1MII, A. M Prorosor of Latin and G oo'c. r I) iwnil, .M. Prlno'pilor Aoiaomy. ll-n. M. P. si'ir,l.urt, I'r-ujpUoo. Thoc'iiol vonr cjnlts of three terms, licslnnlnj; ropvMlvi.l)r "ii Mio ilut SVeliujila of deptember, Uvccin lor. nnil f lull. In itii UnWi-i.ltv tho tuition Is ?I5 per yotr. ond In tho AciJeni7 iftl'J per year piyiblo per term la iijvanii. JJiml fin he hul a fun -1 to l nor week, Utitiiliittioi-f fi- iJiiiNloii wilt l)j held on S temli'i tt, at')a, in , t I'leCillen. l'pftrtlier inlinnttlon, tllros tho President or tny other moi'ihew of tho Pic ilty, EVERY DESCRIPTION op BooK and. Tot PRINTING ISxpoilitioimly Exooutod -nv MUNKBRS & REDINGTONp Commercial Street, 8.1LEH. BLANK J3EEDS Always on Unutl. Jno. W. Reilington. Wood W. Munkers. Chances for Good Invest ment. rOYVF.n FOK HALE, ON I.ONO CREDIT, TO itiiiiislhlu parties, alnaulo proporty and lnter i ttt at tolloMs: huts nnd Uiocks in 1'ortland, Or., With or lthout lionsen on them. IT'ix-xrx'O, favorably located, with or with- I 1 ,000 or more ncrcx or Tlmhored, Pralrlo. or Vwilo LANDS, neir rlvus and rulhoads, at less than Cim.'riinient prlres. An Intertut In a STEAM SAW MILL, which ha tho liet-t puyin hiidntss la tho Utnto, ValuiililuI'laiornnd 0'iartzMINEq In Ranlnrn Or. ttrm, with wai( r miupiy nntl moilc'in injchlnery for . willing uitach -ii. Also, Unart. Jtlll, Forry Itlicbt. I mid Toll Uoaiin all of which inupony cau bo paid for ijubiii mi. jirui-i wii oi iiiu uiuiliuss, , Airo, Monoy Loaned and Borrowed on f;ood so enmy, una note. illjcuulitcU. Alo. Locto Ho neHfads, Land Warrants, acd Col K'L'ii .".r!p, on rclectea (iovirnuient Lauds, Pruncity In Portland, and oiitnlili lands EX CIIAN(IUI) tor propeity In other btius, On all nlon, tlmo will bo given for nearly tha who!o aaiount, o. zvr. OAHTun, Ileal KsUlollcjlor, l'Ort'i'LANI), Or, dcrjllf (iittvi't llloclc l'nint Street. WANTED, A Fumisliod fein. flViB miuoHtifufil, a n..fviiii r, with plfiuv or a bii,, cie.ni CD at; iT nu . mi rio i 4a .K) CiW u' ' M'itOV'Li) i. lj.i.1. i, I I T j J, li'i f ii.uJ4m iXA fir.i'f.! i.il 4 , . i iriM i k I 'n, mhi-H t intra to rent, . ' t ti. ...o w'r n" .u- juin.mx nuint in too . iijiiru ' c. y, will eim Ur ii WW r h firl. ' J . . o i lr A .Jjlll.W, '.J ViltJ .i, 1.-1.1. U vj , Orcaoa, ajjlgyX ZsyrStHUKKF 5,-iW' 4 :i " M ". I i