fl-r"
Ifci.OO per Year, in Advance.
SALEM, OKEUON, NOVEMBER 12, 1875.
Volume VII Number 39.
ftr the Wlllmn.-tto Farmer.!
LIFE A WAHFAEE.-(No. 1.)
Hat and be Baten."
Parasites and Insects.
Of the animal kingdom, ns a whole,
more than half the species arc parasites.
"The number of these parasites," says
Prof. Owen, " may he conceived when it
is stated that almost every known ani
mal has its peculiar species, and gener
ally more than one, sometimes ns many
as, or even more kinds than, infest the
Jitiman body."
Take the case of man. The Jiothrio
tccphnlna latna anil the Taenia solium are
two kinds of tape-worm, which flourish
Jn tho human intestines ; producing
great constitutional disturbance, some
times ending in insanity; and, from tho
germs of the taenia, when carried into
other parts of tho body, arise ccrtoin
partially-developed form, known as
Cyiiiccrci, EchinococcL, and Cacnuri,
which cause dlsoiganization more or less
extensive in the brain, tho lungs, the
liver, the heart, the eye, and often tho
generative organs. Hence headache and
insanity, consumption, liver complaint,
palpitation of the heart, sore eyes, and
abnormal disturbance of the procrcative
parts. These parasites cause great suf
fering, often' of long continuance, and
frequently ending in death. Five other
(parasites, belonging to a different class,
are found in the viscera of "man the
Jblcoccphalue, the Oxyurls, the Slron
llus (two species), tho Ancylostomum,
nd the Ascaris; which, beyond that of
defective nutrition, necessarily causes
great irritation, and, as a consequence,
prostration of the sjsteni. Physicians
arc now turning tbelr attention to these
intolerable pests, finding that, without
removing them, success, in many case,
is dm possible. Of another class of ento-
son, belonging to the subdivision Trcma
toda, there are five kinds found in difl'er-sMit-organs
of tho human body the liver
and gall ducts, the portal vein, the in
testine, the bladder, the eye. And, still
more, the Trichina spiralis, which passes
through one phase of its existence em
bedded in the muscles, ami through
another phase in tho intestines; and
which, by tho induced disease Trichln
ial, hits lately caused such ravages in
Germany as to produce a panic Then
there Js tho Guinea-worm, which, in
some parts of Africa and India, makes
men miserable by burrowing into their
legs, causing Intolerable suffering.
Now, fram the entozoa, let us notice
the cphoa. There are two kinds of acari,
one of then inhabiting the follicles of
the skin, .and the other producing the
itch, that "royal disease" which makes
it so glorious to scratch and keep scratch
ing! And Xhew are others which bury
themselves beneath tho skin, laying
their eggs there. And, alas! there arc
three species of what shall I call 'em?
lice yes, oh! The lico on man himself,
on all nuiaials, and on plants, ton.
Man hat the Hell, sheep tho scab, hogs
trichina, &a, Ac, but animals arc not
alone in having pat-aslies, for many, nuy,
most vegetable have them. Nothing
sectns to be exempt from them. Life
eats life ; animal, animal; vegetable,
vegetable; ami to cut .and be eaten seems
tho law throughout. Life is a war a
warfu.v( ud a Jjard rugglo for exist
ence. .
Let u B see some if the vegetable para
sites. Vhese prey on nuin like animal
parasites, both internal and external.
The Sunflna venlrtvull inhabits the
stomach, .'nduciug derangement, indi
gestion, dv."ncpsia, &c. The Leptolhrix
buccalia penudes tiie mouth and injures
the gums, teeth, &c There are ni.'cro
copie fungi producing ringworm, po.vi
go, thrash, &c. To go through nil of
them would bo .? herculean task. Wltj
it is so. " to kill, und bo killed," " to eat, I
and he eaten," Is beyond man's ken ; we
J:umr, however, that it is mi; and, know
ing thin, we must JljJit ifc out ns bet we
may while lire lasts.
1 intended to cay floriethlng of insects
that inhabit plants, especially the grape
vine, but must defer if tin- another urli
dd TUc r!iuUmrax or stvpa-vluo toot-
louse, is now destroying thousands of
vineyards both in Kurope and America,
and is demanding the attention of able
men to check its destructive career. It
has destroyed nearly all the Catawba
vineyards east of the Mountains ; in
France, and even in Germany, its rav
ages are seen in the blasted and ruined
vineyards far and wide. In California,
too, the phylloxera is at work in its
deadly march; and even in Oregon it is
at work.
In a future article, I will say some
thing on this deeply-Interesting insect
question. A. F. Davidson.
A Modal Law Salt.
J. I. Thompson, of Independence, is re
sponsible lor the following story of a law
suit juwt held buforo a new Justice of tbe
Peate over in Polk county. Two cltlzenw
claimed the saniG properly, and one put a
padlouk on the gate to exclude his opponent,
who tore the lock off and threw it away, on
which the first had the last arrested for petit
larceny. Tho trial took place in a dimly
lighted school house; a jury was expauelod,
ami P. C. Sullivan appeared for the defence,
the prosecution being conducted by two
young lawyers of that county. After the evi
dence was all Id, Mr. Sullivan addressed the
court to show that the ease was "too thin,"
and moved to have it distms-ed for want of
Kround for the action, which motion the
court granted in a low tone of voice, and the
defendant was discharged and went ofl' about
hta business. Mr. Sullivan started for Salem,
and the Court went home to bed. It seems
that all this was done in so unobtrusive a
manner that the jury, which was dimly
heated in the back shadows of tho school
house, did not catch he idea, and, unhappily
for the young attorneys, of the prosecutioD,
they were trying to decipher the mysterious
characters on the label of a Hosteller's Bit
ters bottle, outsldo the school-house, by the
dim light of a clouded November moon,
while P. C. Sulllv n was making bis effective
speech for tbe discharge of the prisoner.
Ill-turning to the court room, and seeing the
jury in position, eud their researches by
moonlight having Inclined them to be argu
mentative, tbey took turns in presenting tbe
rase to the waiting six, much to tbe delight
of the spectators, who understood tbe joke.
There is no telling what the verdict of the
jury would have been If tbe absence of the
court and tbe prisoner had Dot fortunately
been discovered, abiut the time all their
eloquence was exhausted. The report that
the jury brought in a verdict of guilty about
4 o'clock in tbe morning, which first reach
ed us, therefore tesms to have been un
founded, much to tbe regret of the fun-lov
ing citizens of that vicinity.
Do Wo Need a New Breed or Sheep ?
(Paper No. 4.)
From Hood River.
W. P. Watson writes from Hood River.
Wasco county, under date of Oct. 2thh, as
follows: "Tbe rnln-f4l) during the past sev
en days has btn unprecedented lu the mem
ory of the oldest Inhabitant In these pirts,
corning straight down without wind until to
day, which isdrcidHliy windy. The weath
er it still warm; no frost as yet, nouvlth
maudlin:, heavy rain and hhrh w hid and wa
tor adinnnlnh ns that it would b well to for
tify against u approaching hard winter.
Yet, judging from the pant, wit expect from
fuur to hip week pleasant weather before
winter bnin, which uMnHy lasts from
threi to tight weeks, when the snow dlsap
pc.li', and grass is abundant, remaining
green and n en growing under tho snow
and, what is eyen more remarkable, the dry
grass, In tbe fall, turns green ns soon as tho
rain btgics, which is now abundant, and
stock unuu illy fat for the season."
Djjatii oi-' L, 0. HuitKUAirr The death of
this (.'cnileiuau took place on Wednesday,
Nov. 3d, at his Lome one mlla north of Al
bany. IIh had been in I' tiling health for
some month prevLm. We met him, not
looi: ago, a'. Astorli,. where he wan remain
ing a fw wt,eks for tho benefit of tea air,
ami then it teemed to us that his days were
numbered. We have known Mr. Burkbart
for mauy years pist, and recognize
that death has romovod from us an
honorable ami upright man, one whoso
f -midship wo had enjoyed, and wbow en
le 'pri-oand oneity were hucivsidul bjth to
oil, own advantage and tbe bom 11 C of our
State.
Editor WimjAmiitte Farmer :
Hoping the interested reader has been able
to follow tbe in t ait of tbe preceding papers,
notwithstanding some eriors which have
passed because tbe writer was not on hand
to " correct copy," I proceed to reiterate that
tbe want of tho wool grower Is a cheep of
moderate size which will produce a heavy
tlaeco. finer in staple than any of ibe En
glish long-woolod breeds, jet ofnttllcient
length for combing purposes, hay from three
to six inches long at least, but the longer tho
better if combined with fineness nnd
strength. I assume that tbo sheep must be
of moderate bUe, because I believe it is Im
possible to keep a sheep of larpu size upon
tho oidlntiry pnsturspo Of this country in
that condition of even thrift that In-uies tiie
continuous growth which seems an absolute
tiocesslty to tho production of combing woo).
Experience furnishes tho proof that under
common treatment on this entire coast largo
slzsd sheep constantly tend toward deterio
ration after the first year. The first fleece is
the best one, both ns to weight and quality.
After that, the tendency is toward dryness
and harshness as well ae lightness of fleece
until the sheep attains lull growth, when, if
a owe, she will begin to lose the wool from
the belly and sides, often before shorn ing
time. At the same time this cbango Is tak
ing place In the fleece, tbe sheep themselves
are become conspicuous, if tbey be In a flock
with smaller sheep, for tbeir restless disposi
tion, giving the fhepherd a great deal of
trouble to keep them in control, if herded,
and very often learning to Jump, and load
ing tbe smaller sheep into mischief, if kept
infields. Of course, this is not the oharao
acteristic of larger breeds of sheep when
kept up to tbe requirements of their nature.
The eiy contrary Is true. Among British
breeds, for Instance, the largest-sized sheep
are most docile and indolent in tbeir habit
when f6d in tbe manner best calculated to
develop to the utmost their good qualities.
That this can bo done in portions of this
country, and is done by a few enthusiastic
admirers of the large breeds, is not ques
tioned, hut where there is one flock master"1
who will ascertain and provide the necessary
conditions for keeping up a flock of large-
sized sheep, there are hundreds who use.
their flocks to gather what natuie provides,
ouly feeding when tliey mutt, to save tbe
lives of the sheep through seasons of in
clement wealber.
There is another obstacle In the way of se
curing a long fine flaecn of wool from a large-
sized Bbeep, and tbat Is tbe tendency of snub
animals to produce coarse wool. To illus
trate again by tbe British breeds of which
we know most. The largest breeds produce
the eoarsesl wool, and the effect of a reduction
in sice by judicious breeding is given in the
cue of Bake well's modification of Ibices
ters. The large coarse-boned old Lylcettor,
yielding a fi-jece of eight to twelve pounds
o! coarse wool, was, by breeding for a
smaller-boned, symmetrical sheep, brought
down to a fleece of seven pounds of coinptr
atlvely line worsted wool. The French Mo
rluo seems to bo an exception to tho rule
tbat a lurge-hon;d tbip will ptodmie a
coart.0 wool, yet, an a Merino, it establishes
the fact here claimed, as ttlll.v ns the illustra
tion I have given, tlm Kieiicb Muriuo bslng
altogether ihe c inr-est trooled family of the
Meiino rac-j. Ivs rapid decline In the estima
tion of Merino-breeders being the tendency
to comparative coarseuoxa of the fleece, as
woll ak Ibe ungainly, hard kteplng carcass,
so that, look lu whichever direction we may
for the btmetUs of experience in tho history
of breeding, or tbe lessons taught by races
of sheop that, so dr an we know, aro the
natural growth of tiino and circumstance!',
we are adiuuuished in avoid uttemptlilg to
block dry pastures with lurgy slsd sheep,
anil tho experience of Oregon tarmers proves
that pastures which are dry at lat six
months of each year aro not suited to yibhl
lliat constant Kiipply of unitm feed, that is
btilibed Ail aoiolulo necessity to tbe contin
uous growth of wool on a sheep of hiru
bize. John Minto.
tent of country. The flock was composed
largely of Cotswold blood. I (five tbls case
In justice o Mr Lnekny, at tbe same time
It must bn nhsnrved that the management la
excnptionsllv good, though it cannos in tbe
nature of things be permanent.
Axgoras. Tho S.mta Uosa Demo
erat, in speaking of it ilock of Aogom
goats, says that in tho hand wore five
hundred thorough-bred Angoras tint
will clip fivo pounds each, on nn aver
age, in February, and tho proprietors,
Messrs. J. W. & K. L. Ileeil, informed
us thnt they had tho spring clip sold in
New York for SI. 30 per pound. Messrs
Reed purchn-ed the hand from 12. 11.
Mnrsh of Knit Francisco, nnd paid $2:2,
000. Mr Mnrsli paid S27.-I00 for the
Kinio band. There tiro live thorough
bred Asiatic bucks in the Innd, two of
which were presented to ti MrC'heneiy
of this State by the sultan of Turkey.
There are also eight thorough-bred
Cashmere and thirteen Angora", from
the celebrated Alexander Itluo Grass
Farm, in Kentucky; also sixty-four
full-blooded nannies, from tho same
place making tho most celebrated col
lection of this kind on tho coast, or in
the United stntPs. quality and quantity
considered. The band comes from
Santa Clara county, three miles from
San Jose.
A statement showing tiio estimated
nnnual production of gold and silver in
tho United States during tho 25 years
irom lSl'J to iHil has been prepared hy
the bureau of xtntMic. The annual
average production of gold, according
to tins statement, nas ticen sou.kihi.uuu,
nnd that of silver, for thoio years from
1859 to 1873. S13.300.000. The produc
tion of gold has, with tho exception of
one year, been annually decreasing
since 1850, nnd the production of silver
nas with tho excep ion or one year,
been increasing since 1850.
FBU1T AND OllNAMENTAT. TbKKS. Mr. J.
n. Settlemier, of tbe Wood burn Nursery,
says tbls is the time to prepare for setting
out fruit and ornamental trees, and he says
he has as fine a lot of trees as can bo found
in tbe State. His advertisement will show
how to send ordora to bim.
Tbe full otllclal vote of California fo Gov.
eroor nave Irwin 01,500. Phelps, 31,322, Bid
well 2!) 752 and Win. E Lovelt, temperance
candidate, 350 votes. Tim total vote for
Phelps. HldwoU and Lovett added together
make 02,430, leaving Irwin a majority of 71)
votes.
" Ghaci: Orkenwooii," peeping at
tho Prime Minister of England, from
the Speakor's gallery, says of Disraeli:
" Ho is sadly changed looks eareless
and melancholy, jaded and Judaicnl.
His curls have lost their hyacynthinti
character, have straightened with the
weight of years. There Is no trace
left of 'Vivian Gray,' nnd little of
Lothalr.' "
fojnVJri si Tim br.'dpo pcrnss tbn8nn
limn Kt Lvbsnon l complied, end lean sure
Jjtuv bfc.y ci 1&810S U on IK
A friend and neighbor who visited East
ern Oregon a few months a no informs mo
that of all the ll'sks of sheep he mw there,
ho saw but one tl.rt.-k that appeared to him as
doing jernaikahly well, and lhat was the
Ilock rif Mr. J. Jjiieky, nn the Crooked river
branch of the Do-CnuDs, Tbls Ilock is mini-
njed differently from any other ho s-ivr, on
wliat Ihe itmnHger failed the iipsn MyatHiu of
herding, Inst Is, Ihe sheep are allowed to
spued out oer larjte extent of surfieedu
ling'fredliig hours, and at nlmit second In
too ntxrest of many folding yards trial are
prepared al diikreui points, over a laro ex-
MABBIED:
In Portland. Nov. 4. by Rev. D. J. Pierce,
Mr. Geo. T. Murray and Miss Mary A. Car
punter. Nov. 4, bv Itv. William ltoborts. at Ihe
resldonee of J. H. Lsml-rt, MUwauklo. Mr.
B. P. Stone, of Walla Walli, and Miss Hen
rlfittn .Miller, daughter ol Heury Miller. 1C-0
of this city.
lu Nelioinn, Oct 31, j Ij. Andrews, of tii-
Comier, and .MUs Ssrali Alien.
In En Irene, Nov. 4, Iguace Peters and Mlbs
Dora ilendeison.
In Albiiiv, Nov. 4. Win. Allphln and
Ms 8rah J. BurbanUs.
In Lino county. Nov. 3, I). O. Under
wood and Mrs Sarah M Suillb.
In ji"io, Oct. 31 Geo, Geo. W. Morrow and
Miss Nancy U. ISilyen.
In this eltv, at the liousn of Mr. John A.
Sedlsi'k, Nov. 7, by Kv. John Itosenberir.
Mr. Joseph II jrovi-o anil Miss Josephine 1'a
tek
In Linn county, Oct. 23, Win. l' SIsglo
and Ml-s Mell-sa Brills.
At Jacksonville On 12. A. M. Splokel
iH-,eraiid Miss Parthena J. HowUud.
At Port Orlord. Oct. 28, Win. H. Car! clou,
and Mrs Miry Tilbot.
In Douglas county, Oct. 31, J. J, Siralt und
Miss Margaret V. Cox.
In Junninn City, Nov. 2 Nanny D, wlfo
of Itlley Gllbnrt. ihjh I 21 .veirs.
Nsar P.ori.i, Linn county, Oct. IS, Wlmil
fred, datiKhter of I. N and Josephine H.
.Smith, atrMl 1 yar. 7 months end vss diys.
In Cotipevlllo, V. T., Oct. 18, Maria Jane
Coiip, aired 31 jesrs.
Ill Seattle, Oct. 27, James Brown, aged -'j
yers.
In Utmlady, Oct. 25, C. II. Puggdrd, agocl
2(1 years.
Id Hoattle, Ojt. 27, Jas. McCaun, aged -15
yesis,
N'ar Hist Portland, Nov. 1, Limlla, ndpt
od (Uif.'liter ot il. W. slid II, I). I'ruttyintu,
aum ti months and fi days.
In Tacoun. Nov. 2, I'roJdle II, Wilcox,
son of Mrs. Kale lianiiah, aud ti years, 11
inns. 10 davs.
In JiicUnoii county, Nov. 3, Samuel Hall,
aged i0 years.
STATS 2TSW&
A cnrrvspondnt of the Astorinn, writing
from Columbia City, says: "As pleasant
homes for hundreds, the Nehalein vallev, 12
miles west of hre, Is n beautiful and healthy
location. Many (.elders of thrltt and enter
prise aro located there. A beautiful prairie,
live miles Jong by a half to three quarters or
a mile wide, Is still unoccupied, with good
BiirlculltirHl lauds extending from hero to
the pralrio. Another faei of Importance h
that thnStato has looked, as school lands,
thousands of acres of I ho very best arleul
tnrnl lands, joining anil west of this plaee,
which can now be had for f 1 70 por hcio,"
The Jacksonville 7Vim says: '-The lito
rains raised thn various streams sn ns to ren
der It for a thif almost impossible to cro'
them. Slate creek, lu Jnsophlno county, was
so hnh on Saturday that thn slime was de
layed nearly twenty-four hours in nuking
tho trip to this plaeo Tho s'ages liomtho
north and sotn.'i nro behindhand, oiing to
the bad roada ml hlib waters.
Tn Yamhill county, "Iiica 18.15, Ihero ht's
been a gain in uoputafloti of 1,420, and In tho
funnier of ucres o: lird in cultivation of
37,300 acres.
AriMos of Ineorporstinn were filed on thn
3d, in thn (llc of tho Secretary of Sta'e, by
thoDillosand Deschutes Hoaii nnd Briduu
Company. In orporators, C. S. Miller, J. U.
Condon, aud U. W. Corum. Capital stock.
SI.C00. '
Long Tom and lis tributaries wero up to
the winter Hood stupe of water on the last
dsy,(f October, for the first lima In October
within the memory or man, and 17 days ear
lier than in 18iJt, which preceded thn wnrt
winter in tbo history of luo Wlllainotto val
ley. The Springflold mills have again oliangrd
hands, H. P. Straitou retiring and B.J. Pen-
i;ra taaing iuii cuarge.
A large number or fine hogs have been
rali-ed in Jackson cotiuty the present year,
whlcb are now fattening for the market. As
h hog-ralsiDg section, Jackson county is un
excelled. A ohlld of Wiley rarW, living a Tew
miles fro.a Jacksonville, was severely
burned by Its clothes cateblng fire from a
lire burning near Hie home. Its recovery 1
thought to be doubtful.
A man named Connor, working In the
woolen mills at Oregon Citv, was caught in
the machinery In some way, last Friday,
and bail Ills leg broken.
Tho Emetine Quicksilver Company, or
Beaver creek, Southern Oregon, last week
sent out its supply of provisions for tho
winter campaign.
The late Jacksou Cnuntv Pair was not ex
tensive, nor a financial HUeoss. The leceipts
were $303 01, and Ihe expenditures ?26'J 30.
Ashland has two schools In successful
operation. The academy has nn aiiendxiire
of about 100, which Is dally increasing, whilo
tho same may beeald oftbe district sohool.
A correspondent orPrlnevllIo, Wasco conn
tv, under dxt.i oi Nov 1st, Informs us that J.
ll.Snoderly was driving cattle at that plare
at the full spod or his hore, wblou fell
down, and Mr. Suodorly's lig and ankle
were badly broken.
On the Umatilla resrvatinn there Is an
Indian by tbe name of Le Lnuskln, And be
is very wealthy, owning hor-es ami cattle
valued at about 15,000, besides other per
sonal property. About tour weeks ago he
went Into the mountains nn a bunt, leaving
In his log cabin t'JOO in 820 pieces, fjfl In
small Rold and leu blankets valued at fSO,
besides other Indian fixlnin. On hla roiurn
everything was gone. No traoBoftherobbem
nas neeii round, bat Uirea msn who were
living Hear hint, anil who Hinldnnlv iWuinn.
ed, weie stupjuiud of having s'.oluu tho
proporty.
LOGT.
On Thursday, last wmk, a vsltiablo mlnlc
luriape, belwren tho little bridge tint other
side oi Atch. Wsllar's on tie rond leadln.' to
tho I'enltonlliry, and tho M. K Church.
Tho tlndor will confer a favor by leaving tho
same at Mrs. John Hobnail's, or Ihe Kaiim
j;r Office.
Hoc ItroTs .Sjieclal atlenlion Is cn'led to
tho ailvertUement ofO. A. Wells it Co., hi
another column, who lmoa largo niiuibsr
of hop roots for sale nn very reasonable
terms. IWotis (lewlious to purclms'i can
depoud on foltlng good plants, as tho ad
vertisers understand till Ir business.
I.NOlicoitATION. Daulel Claik, If.N. Hill,
Knbtrt Clow, aud H. W. Brow n, on Thttrbday
oflat wnl; filed mtlc'cs ol liianp-na'lonfor
On OroronSl.ito Grunge, m ,J(, ullice of tho
Stcrnlary of Stale. Toe eaj i al iteckls$70,
liihliciusof $1 each. The principal ollico of
tho Urang Is to l Irtated In Portlnnd.
(illANOl'. OlKIVNH Uoll. M. K. JfUrlson,
maier ofliin Kiiihhs W'.ato GraiiKe, has tho
following, remarks to make on lliu publica
tion of a state giaiiKooran lu Kiiisk:
Wnlhi I have no dltpo-lllou in flint fault,
or oven complain of the action of tho eiecu
tho committee, for I holleve they aclrd irom
Urn purest iiiotlveM and did what, t'i iy
thoiiijlit was lor tho best good of the order,
Mi'-t am inclined lo the onlnloo tiiat utrlnr.
Jiislleo and right w. uld indtcatit to us th it
wo stioiitii ant ami Hf.st, by our pilnitian,
those alrtady iifittlillsl ed, lint hawi li4i-n
laborluu with limiting euerirv to inilld nn
our older, rather than lu scttlug upluojipo
nltloil to thblil.
iilW.4itl!&M''iii&fe&