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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 28, 1874)
WILLAMETTE FARMER. A Many-Sided Question. From the Piciric Hciul Pbxm. Editors Press : Among the many topics of interest which have engaged the public mind for some tlmo past, is the question of Chinese immigration and Ohineso labor. Wo will leave the problem of Chinese immi gration to politicians to solve as best they can, nnd will deal only with the subject of Chinese cheap labor (which, as far as any experience of it goes, is anything but cheap) in Its practical bearings. Any person who has lived In tho interior portions of California must havo had some experience in the difficulty of getting hired help for either out-doors or in, particularly household help. And those who havo escaped tho actual experience of the difficulty must havo had tho subject forcod upon their obser vation. During tho time of harvesting and threshing gialn, hired men for the farm aro paid from $2. 00 to SO a day. But even at these prices they aro so scarce that much of tho grain goes to wnsto for want of help to cut it. Scarcity of men was tho great difficulty throughout tho country two years ago; and as tho same diffi culty is anticipated the coming harvest, meas ures are being taken to securo Chinese, help for tho fields. A girl to do general housowork, or any part of it, for that matter, is something almost un known in the country. So next to impossible is it to get a girl or woman of any ago to do the work of a house in the country, that for all practical purposes it may be said to be out ol the question. I have never met with but one girl in Cal ifornia, wbo " works out" in tho country, and if she is a specimen of tho kind of help we may expect this Stuto to produco in her rising gen eration, I hope uever to meet with another. Chinese are the only class of people then who can bo dopendod upon for doing hotiBe-work; tho only Bourco from whieh such help can be obtained. And in the faco of this fact, in a country liko this, whero thero is so much hard work to bo douo in tho house, whero farming is curried on so extensively that souio portions of tho year thero aro from twenty to thirty men to cook for, tho question naturally arises as to what element in Bocioty is to supply this uoed, if Chinese immigration bo cut off? If Chinose immigration could bo stopped at once, and every heathen banished from the Stato and sent to tho laud of his nativity, whero he hopes at last to rest his weary bones, no matter where ho may draw his final breath, it might bo a benefit to tho working classes left. But still the qnestion presents itself as to who would bo fouud to do cooking and washing then. The Cbinoso aro tho only class who can bo hired to do such work In tho oouutry at any prico, and though thoy do it but indifferently well, it is better than not having it done at all. My introduction to country life in California was in a valley twenty miles from tho railroad, And perhaps a hundred or more from Sau Francisco, to a good sized farm house, with a moderately small family part of the tlmo aud an immoderately large one the busiest portions of the year '"seed tlmo and harvest." Though so far in tho country, I found tho table iih well supplied as it would havo been from tho best city market. Vegetables aud fruit were brought to tho door three and four times a week; a town, ashortdistanco away fur nished good meat; tho rivers yielded their fish, aud the choicest wild gatno was plentiful and easily procured. While tho traditional farm luxuries wcro produced ill nbuudauco, tho difficulty seemed to bo to get tho food which was bountifully supplied cooked. A man had come in from his work in tho garden, and was helping to do tho work of tho house for a few days for accommodation, until a cook could be hired. Three trips to Stockton, n dlstanco of thirty miles, brought a cook at last usleok, smooth i ic.hI Cbinatn m, who carried a roll of red blan ets neatly tied up across his shoulders, and whoso unmo was Lotting, llo was duly in stalled; was neat aud clean about his work to all uppearauces, aud cooked passably well, bet ter than any of his successors. Hut a crosscr, more ill-natured, dUagrceablo heathen Ih in ho proved to bo never breathed. We the feminiuo portion of tho family wcro cuutioncd by tho lord and master of the liouse, not to iuterfero with cook's household arrangements; but to let him manage things to suit himself. " They don't liko to be bossed around by the women," said tho lord uud mas ter, " they believe womon havo no souls, aud think it beneath the dignity of a Chinaman to be dictated to by women." Knowing as I did that tbo opinions of tho lord and master on tho woman question did materially differ from those of the heathen cook, I said nothing. The first difficulty that arose between his uooltohip and the lady of the house was ou the (mention of scrubbing the floors. "No!" he in. Hinted, "mo hired to cookie, me no snbo scrub." I suggested that he be mado to scrub his kitchen floor or be turned out of doors. Hut agalu I was reminded that "they" would not be controlled by n woman, in other words, that cook was master of the situation. " Don't interfere with him," admonished the gentleman of the house. " let him have his own way." "But," I remonstrated, "look at these floors." "Never mind," ho answered, "let them go, and say nothing about it, if the Chi naman will only cook." The next cause of dissension which arose be tween the cook and the lady of the house, was as to who should wash table cloths and towels. This be refused to do at first, but by various methods of persuasion, he was induced to per form this part of the work. Finally, a mutual understanding was estab lished between this heathen and the rest of the house. He was systematic about his work, served his meals at regular hours, and never fuiltd to indulge in bis forenoon and afternoon nap. llut when some half dozen men were added to the family and harvest was approaching, he gavo notice that he should leave. Would he not stay for CO or CO dollars a mouth (he bad been getting 40 dollars) and a boy to assist blui ? Xo 1 he would not stay for any price. He did not mind the work, pay was good; but " too much women, me no like him." So he took his bundle and departed; and another heathen was set down at the door by the ac commodating stage on this rood, who bore the civilized name of Jack. Unlike tho other, he was pleasant and willing, but the poor fellow was old. half crippled, and altogether nnsuiteil for the situation. lie was bo slow getting along w lib his work that he was heard plodding round at eleven o'clock at nlgui, ana again ai inree iu the morning. Another cook was sent for, and there arrived one as young und active as the first had been ; and good-natured, with all. Ho " no be wash amtbiug," and no amount of persuasion could induce him to learn; but aside from this he gave tolerable satisfaction. He kept his dominions in good order, and fouud time to walk to town, a mile distant, every day, and spend two or three hours. But this caused no complaint; if he choose to pass the time the other cooks bad spent in sleep, In visiting bis fr.ends, it was bis privilege, taU the mailer Ha stayed with us a month, when a letter ar nvtd addressed iu Chinese characters. lis contents held out inducements for the cook to leave. He could get more money some other place. "Forty dollars too little." So Tom left us alter gottlng another cook to take his place, and Sam appeared as his successor. A veritable John was hired to help him, and he was a treasnro 1 He did his work exceedingly well, for the modest sum of $1 50 per day. Bam was the fourth Chinaman who had been hired to cook within three or four months. A week after his arrival, the master of tho house cavo orders that Sam was to roigu supreme over mu sucuen. "ouow uim Where every thing is, and let him have freo access to all the cooking commodities about tho house in the quantity. Give him his own way iu ovcrvthlna. and, if he insists upon frying ham. sausage and steak in butter, nevor mlud; so long as the men don't complain." Such was tho decree. and it was obeyed. Sam's ardors for provisions wero handed over to tho master, aud suppllod with unquestioning prumpuiuuu ior a mouiu, wuen ouo morulug thero came an order from tho kitchen for moro flour. "Whatl more flour?" auswerod the master, "I have brought flour iuto this house at the rate of seventy-flvo pounds a day for the past two weeks, and the family during tho time has numbered but ten I " mo nisi sacit is empty, was the answer. Tho sugar, tea aud eofl'eo aro all gone, cans and jars of fruit, cto., havo disappeared from the cellar as though by niagto, and there is not an ounce left of tho provisions that were ex pected to last six months. Both Sam and John were paid off that morn ing and discharged without ceremony; and tho mastor swore an oath that not auotner China, man should ever again cross his thresh holil. Then thero commenced such a search for n girl as was never beforo made. Stockton was explored, but without success. All tho adver tisements under tho head of "Wanted A silua tlou as cook or to do general work," which ap peared in tho leailiuu San Francisco nsiiora far n mouth, wero auswerod, and all to no effect. The country for fifty miles round was visited iu hopes of coming across a woman cook, but none were to bo fouud. linally, alottercamo from a girl who had heard of the situation, and who would nenmt it conditionally. Negotiations wcro concluded on her own teims, uud sho came, stayed a month, was satistled with the sltuatiou, but nt tho end of that time, gavo notice that sho Bhould be obliged to leave for a six weeks' vacation including the holidays. The next nioruluc after making this anuouueomout, she left. The six weeks have not yet expired, nor has sho returned. If, among tin hardworking women of San rraucisco who aro seeking work aud caunot find it, there be ono who is willing to cook or to do general housework, sho can And steady employment with good wages. Ilium. Whon wo wero young, mother and Bistcr, sometimes with tho 'help of ono of tho older boys for n few hours ono or two days in the week, performed all the kitchen and household work for tho family easily and cheerfully. Aud wo would ask Ungar iu the case referred to duriug the intervals iu which no help was iu the house, and "too mucho woman mo no like" Who did tho work then? And would it not bo better for nil concorned that no kitchon help bo called iu? It is n crying evil of tho times that women of tho period aro ' altogether ubovo doing tbo kinds of work their mothors wero able nnd willing to do, nud do cheerfully, because contributing largely to tho prosperity of tho household. Peanut Raising. (From tho Pcino lUruL Part. Emtoils Uuiiai, Press: I boo in your papor ol Jan. lUth, nu nrticlo from n subscriber ask ing for information concerning tho euro und cultivation ot peauuts. We nlso uoteyour reply to him, with which in some items wu agree. But wo will venture to make n fow remarks concerning tho subject; premising we have labored In the cultivation aud shipping of pea nuts fm quite a number of yearn, A sandy loam or loimo gravely soil is best suited for their cultivation. riant in early as the frost will permit and the weather Is uniformly warm enough for veg etables, generally, to grow thriftily, as the peanut plant appreciates n long season and continues to grow uud perfect nuts, under fa vorable circumstnucos.us long as the se-nsou lasts. l'ulverizo tho soil live or six inches deep. Break tho pods with n light wooden hammer if you have many bushels to hull, but bo euro fill not to bruise any of tho kernels. Reject all that aro not fully matured. There aro two di.tluct varieties ot peauuts; the white and the red. Tho whlto variety seems to be the kind referred to in the afore mentioned article. Tho whlto variety brauohes out aud runs along Hut ou tho ground. Tho red variety grows upright In a bunch, except when grown upon ery rich soil, and its growth is unusually rank. The red jwanut should bo planted in drills 12 to 18 Inches upnrt, two kernels together, otl.l III.. hlr. q1...1.1 IvA f.nm '1 1 f ,n tJ ...... apnrl,dpendlug upon the fertility ol tho soil ; tho poorer tue sou me closer lliey may be planted, aud they w ill grow ou soil too poor to produce weeds. Yet a soil of medium strength is to be preferred. Harrow the land lovel; lay it off with n ooulter or bull-touguoplow; cover rather lighter thau com. To plant white peanuts, prepare the land as before, check it oft' -1 loi1, feet ono way to 'iy, the other, with same plow us before, l'ut two kernels in each check. They should be well cultivated, keeping the soil Ioom.i and clear of weeds, and put a little soil around each plant, until they get to spiking; that is, shoot ing out small straight roots from each joint ot the viues into the ground, on the end of uliich you will notice the young peanuts forming. 'J hey should now bo left to themselves, at least us far iih tho vines are coucermd; und if they grow well they often shade tho space between the rows so that no weeds will grow there. Iu cultivation there should not be a Urge high hill or tidge mad around the pUuts. but only a low, broad, flat hill or ridge. Aud uoue ot the blooms or viues should bo pressed down or covered up with soil, as we leurued by re peated experiments, made In different soils, and with different varieties, that such procedure is injurious to the plants, uud greatly iujuies and curtails the crop of nuts. They should be gathered before the frost hitts the wuen. One ot the best ways ot gathering them, is to run a furrow on each aide of the row with u Lull-tongue plow, close enough to loosen the soil around the plants. Then take a narrow, light grubbing hoe aud loosen up the vinos that the plow did not, und dig up lbs vine and turn upside dowu to dry. If they ure of the ml variety, after the plow has been ruu deeply on both sides, they may De pulled up by hand. 1'hey should never be gathered in rainy weather or wheu the ground is very wet. After they hate been turued up for one day in the sunshine, and while the viues ure entiiely free from dew, they should be put up In small baud sucks; which are made thus- Put a sukr, -1 or 5 ft. long, firmly iu the ground, put something audi as dry gras, weeds or straw srouud it to keep the (Krauuts from the damp hfssof the ground, then proceed to stack the vines around the Blake, with the roots to tho center, leaving a small space in tho center for ventilation, and when tbo stack is made as high as elf sired, cap it with grass or straw, to protect it against the weather and birds Let them remain in tho stack three or five weeks, whon thoy will bo ready to pick, stack aud send to market. It the crop is largo, nnd nuy prospect of rain, they (vines aud all) should bo hauled up and put under shelter, whero they may be picked off at leisure None of tho prematuro nuts should be picked off, as tuey greatly injure tue sale ot the good ones, and they add greatly to the value ot tho viues ns hay, which is cholco food for milch cows, greatly increasing tho quantity nnd quality of tholrmllk. The red peanuts aro much easier cultivated thau tho white; both usually sell for about the xauie prtco in market. The whlto peanuts aro more oily than the red and usually havo only two Kerueia iu ouo pod, wnue tho red liaioiteu mree or lour, amy to soveuty-uro bushels is considered n fair crop, but sometimes more thnn n hundred bushels are raited per acre. As soon as tho peanuts are gathered iu from the Held aud tho viues put aw oy for bar. turn the hogs into tho field nnd they will glean it woll, nud sometimes got fnt. Tho lnud is then iu good fix for plowiug for wheat. I havo thus given a brief outlino of peanut culture, nud hope it may bo of service to sonio ono who is earnestly following tho noblest of labor fnrmlug. And often amid tho weary ing duties of professional rounds do we feel: "How brttthtly throiiRh the mint of years, My quiet country home appears! My father busy all tlio day In plowing corn or rakiuit bay; My mother moving with delight Among hrr nillk-pans, allrer.brts'ht; YV chlMrrn, Jim from school set free, Filling the garden with our glee'. The blood of life was flowing wirm When I was living on a firm." Q O. Smith, M. D. Scenes in the High Sierras. Written for the Tun by J, a.;Lswox.) No. VI. The Grtal Comstsck Lode. Again, and for tho last tlmo on this exourslon, we invito tho reador who has nccompanled ns thus far to step upon n cage at tho month of ono of these shafts, and together wo will do- scond into theso doep mines nud take n journey through their lnbyrlnthiau streets. Down, dowu we drop, neatly as fast as grav ity would drag us, if unresisted. Tho hot vapors rushing past oauso immediate perspira tion at every pure. They nre bo loaded with effluvia as to be nearly suffocating. Our lan terns light up the clean-walled shaft with its continuous iron rods ouo ou each side direct ing our cage. Our guide declares nil is secure, hut our hearts heat a lively tattoo for a few socondii, uro tho welcome Blackening ot speed is followed by n sudden stop.which, nearly settling us in a heap, informs us that tho first lovel is reached 100 feet down. Stepping out of the cage, our guido nimbly leads the way along n rock-strew u passage, opening into u long, straight, seven-feet square gallery, timbered tmnll.sides by heavy, squared pines. Through tho crovices our lights reveal nbow, below, to right nnd left, similar long, sym metrically arranged galleries nil empty, silent aud gloomy, with their masslvu timber sup ports slowly crumbling bctoiu tho constantly acting, irrcshtiblu force ot swelling rocks ex posed to tuo atr. This is tho part of tho ruiuo first worked, from which us tin) rock was removed tbo.u gal. lories of sturdy pities cut iu the forests around Taboo and hauled hero at great expense, were) built, one under another nud ono tier beside nnothor, forming story after story until the whole ledge CO to BO feet wide was hoiiey-coiubid with galleries to n depth that required tho sink ing of tho shaft some hundreds ot feet deeper iu order to facilitate operations. Away our guide scurries over dilapidated floors aud down worn-out ladders, slippery with grime nud velveted with mould, turning, lig-zagiug and diving, still hurrying, but always talking interestingly of shafts, drifts, tunnels, inclines, dips, breasts, adits, stupes, etc., till you think lie is u vocal digging muchiuu just wound up, nud you shout for it to stop and de lino that last word. A half hour of such meandering over many miles ot dismal galleries, down innumerable, shattered ladders, and through a still thicken ing nud higher tempered utmosphere, brings us to tho second level 800 feet down and where it few miners may still bo seen busily picking low grado ore from thu white walls tho higher grade having been removed from this level be tore. Here our guldo pulls n telegraph wlrn by the side of au incline that passes eastward under tho city of Gold Hill, and in a moment a roaring sound iutho far upper end, augmented and Intensified every Instant, approaches with deafening din and from the gloom emerges u sliding iron box cur, liko a hugo road-scraper, b.iok foremost, uud, hushing its noise, carefully stops exactly ou our level. "Jump iu and ktep your heads down," shouts our guide anil tele graphing again, away we slidu through the thick, hut ulr, accompanied by ujcnvtrnouH roar that reminds of tho story of thu naughty school, boys who took a ride with old l'luto to his sul phurous, noisy dominions. Dowu, dowu, "will wo ever stop? Itually I'm not prepared," yelled the school master In tuo ear oi our grim guide. At length, stmim il, bewildend and nearly breathless, we are laniltd at the 1,.00-foot lovel amidst a busy throng ol miners, u glinting of lights and clinking ot pfiks nnd sledges in every direction. Our guide says cheerfully, "Now, wo havo just reached tho inhubiled portion of our busy underground city." Wu approach thu nearest group ot miners aud muko n iniiiutclusptclloii. ibi-y are mostly thorough Knglishmen from Yorkshire, a hardy race, whose brawny arms, full breasts und siuewy legs uru fully displaced by their manner of driss tho upper part of n pair of drawers, or often a mere towel f anient d lightly about the middle, being the only gar ment worn. 1 heir round, barrel chests, resembling thu pouter pigeon, are made so by thu necessity of tuspiring large quantities of guses about them iu order to obtain sufficient oxygeu. Thu char acter of their work very hard uud performed in every variety of position calls into play uud develops every muscle. Perhaps nu human beings at thu present day ure lluor built us a class, or inure beautifully proportioned than these underground miners. Tho statues of gladiutors aud sthletts lu our urt galleries cannot bu finer. Each wiars a cap for thu purpose of holding u caiiiIIh, thu sweat constiuth streams from their bodies, und whatever thu occupation, wbethi r ) ielding thu pick with quick stroke, hammering u drill, ilther baud furwuid, with cartful uiui, or hoisting tho heavy ore lumps iuto the cars, all isdoueliiun abstracted, determined mauuer that tempts no -inquiries, nor brooks interruption. Kvtry five or an minutes they drop their tools uud husteu away to whero casks of ice water stand in wide passages, through which passes pure sir, driven down by blowers above ground, the ice-water bring f un.ishtxl und par taken of, iu unlimited quantities, A Urge por tion of thu tlmo Is spent iu reipinng the wel come pure atr uud cooling off bvsnlu the let- water casks, vet the day is divided into three puts or "tricks "of 8 hours each, aud ono such "trick" spent in tho mino entitles a work man to a day's wages $3 to $ 5. As far ns the evo can reach in two directions. ' ana ior ou to u leet slilewlsc, the guutlug of myriades of lights tell whero tho miners are sta tioned. Homo " breasting " tbo ore out of the ledge nt the end of tho naileries, soma deftlr fitting the timbers in continuation ot tho latter, , others manning the ore-cars; bore, there, every where, tho clean, white, stalwart bodies nud I limbs of the workmen sro seen posturiug like animated statuary. The uumber of these bu- man beings, expressionless gnomes tolling here away from thu influence ot tbo blessed sun, nud lu this stilling atmosphere, is almost Inoredlblo. , You may travel tor two miles north aud south, and mount or delvo for '4 ot a mile through the honey-comb work tho skeleton of tho gut ted Cotustock and lu overy place, on every baud, lights aro flashing ami labor strokes re sounding. Some companies on the Comstock employ 000 and 800 hands and altogether there are not less thnu 7.000 souls disemboweling the Wealthy Alt. Davidson. To us, ns might bo expected, the wholo jonr- ney through this subtorrauenn city was like wandering in i labyrinth, with no idea ol directions or distances. Tlio close, hot atmos phere weakened us ixccsslvoly; but our guido hurried along, discoursing learnedly of argon-' tiferous nud auriferous ore, of cleavage, dips, stratifications, country rook, calcareous tufa, lluiistono horse, black djko, crystals, pyrites, mica-schist, feldspar, hornblond, porphyry, sllex, conglomerate, nmygdalold, etc., until ou are sure bo is but a talking geological cab inet, nud feel liko chiseling htm for specimens. Lendiug us to tho side ot the incllno again, ho pointed downwards and said! "Thero is a lower level down there, 1,700 feot from tho sur- i face, that is only visited by tbo superintendent aud n fow workmen under heavy bonds not to reveal wnai iney nnd seen, it is not enough dowu there, from tho internal best of the earth, to boil eggs" a statement reiterated by the superintendent upon our nscoiii. At Inst, nfter the lapsoof two hours, tlrod. snf- focatcd nud also deeply humiliated at sight ot so much unattainable riohes. wu bog to bo taken out whero thu pure air ami blessed sunlight wore never moro welcome. Conducting us at ouco to bath rooms, our guide directed ns to remove) our saturated garuieuts, then tilling thu tubs with warm water, and siiplvliig soap, ' towels, etc., ho left us to luxuriate suit meditato upon thu wonderful trip wo hud mado and to fix lit last upon tho true description of our gul.io-n genial, well-bred, educated, communl-1 1'iuiYU vniioiuuii. Mining Statistics. I cannot forbear a few general statistics bo- fore leaving this last of tim grand "Scenes In tlio High Sierras.' 1 no uouislnck Hlhor lode. extending for - miles nearly north and south iimler tlio eastern Hliio ot Air. liavldson, was discovered lu 1H5'J. Its discovery caused an iuituensn reflux of thu tldu of emigration that for ten j i ars hud flowed past it to California. und, as if by magic, uproso largo towns with ' nil thu iiPiuirteniiiici'K In u mliiiim reulon. of ' mills, Hiiloous, theaters, daiicu-huiises, etc., Homo of them furnlshid ith a splendor nu- excelled ou this continent. Thu mines, worked now for 1 1 years, have yielded over $150,000,- UgS,:!.M 'to S'ft? miu'i: both, The avcrngo annual yield has been $ 10,71 1,000, but Is Increasing. This your It will amount to ir. ium noil . l ,.11 . r,i.t.iiUu ...II ,.,.. SI j.IMHI.IHW, nllil III nil probability Will average, nr I'llt'i'u iiiiiv uigu ngiiro ior inn neai nuy veurs. No other lodn In tlio world has done so well. Tlio best unci of tlio Mexican lodes hits yielded about f Clill.lKKl.lHR); but to raise It re quired 'JH1 yeaiH' tlmo. Thu lodt) that has yielded most of all othi rs, the l'olosi of lloliviu. in Hot) years has ) ielded tin incomprehensible sum of $i,uoo,ooo,ihh; hut that is less thau $ri,(H)0,0i0nyoar. Uiir Comstock lode averages throe times that amouut already, und tho im provements in msohluory, aided by tho monster Sutro Tunnel, may multiply that nverngo by n high figure soon. Thu Sutro Tunnel, fast approaching completion, a Htiipor.ilous enter ptisu, that n half-cra.i'd miner only would proJfct.iaUiboolglit miles long; nud to burrow into tho base of Davidson 'J.OOU feet below tho eroppiugs uf the Comstock, uud minify into nil its lower mines, urr Hearing lengi-H may no found ou tin way, ns Is nm.t probable; then, with tralnsof steam. propelled on cars, running nu trestle-work ovor nu outflowing liver of water draining thu minus, nud tttilied lit its mniilli liv i-riislitnu' luaehlnerv. n luauiiltlueiit Ugglomernllou of milling operations limy be seen hero lu tin. near future, the muguitudu of which It hath uul yet entered into thu mlud of man to conceive. Concluilos. Tho remainder of tlio homeward trip was conelinlcd without othi r event of Interest, except ono ot nbsorbing moment to thu writer at the tlmo : n sovorn, but brief illness, occa- sinned by tho great difference In th,, labor of tin lungs, between the cool, mpainhxl ethor of naviilanii.au Mitldetilv ohaiiood fur tlm lint. dousii ctUuviu of tho mint h. ...- ......n Wu glides! gently down thu famous (Jelger grado, mudun brief visit lo the stnitling Hltiiui bout springs, thoughtfully wended our way through thu new city of lteno, since reduced to ushts, ami ulmost usipilukly rebuilt, and along thu histoiiu old Dutch l'lat road, with its ruins of hotels every milt', whore ouco rolled the tldu of commerce, now transferred to thu ruil road. Turning northward, through Kurdino I'uss, the Iwautiful Kierru Valley soon conies uludly to view, the largest of I ho emerald uems. n central brilliant in the glorious galaxy ol glossy valleys that indent thu eastern slopu ot the high Sierras. Kind render, )our hand 1 havo doue. I can guido )ou lo uo grander scenes, however iui perfectly they Lnvi bouidtpMiid. i.akoTuhor, thu Dig Trees, Yo Semilu Valley, uud the Comstoek Mints, What u tpiartetto of won ders 1 L'tch matchless ot its kind, uud ull connected by u pleusutit ridu uf 2tX) milts. Next season wu travel nortliMurd to Shasta, Hcott und Hood. Thin )oil may witness more "Scenes rout," not "in the Illh Sierras." "lui'uuwii" Mktiiop or I'uopki.unu JIoith. Wu liotico thu following description of u propelling apparatus iu general circulation. Wu rt collect having seen already several mod els of this most vuluablu Idtu, uud do not understand how It t-au b pitcutablu: To thu bur or lever of the puddle aro hlngt d two blades iu such a uuy that when moving forward through thu wutirlhu pressure ot thu water will close thuui, '1 hi su uru kept from closing against each other by onu or moru stops, in-. terposcd bet vut II them and attached to tlio bur, M) that us thu piuhllu begin to muku thu stroku thu pressure of thu water may open or spread thu LI tilts so us to present Ihu gieutest possible sulfate. Thu Upper ends of thu bar ure designed to lu ulluched to the shafts, which sih iirriioil sti iiri In 1st mit-ruli ,1 imlniwui. dtutly of each other. The ahafts uru placed in liuu with oaoh other, uud u.piutel may bu ut tachtd to thu end uf ouo shuft lu enlur u sock, it ill thu tud of thu other shuft. Levers ure uttucbed to the inner parts of the ahafts, ex. tending uhovu aud Mow said ahufts, uud hav ing hauillrs uttuched to thtir upper cuds unci foot rests uttathed to their lower ends, so that thr trator call uppl) hand and foot powir. I I LF I S Pure Blooded French Merino Rams and Ewes, For ssle by UOIIKHT M-AfOW, of CnntrsTllls, Alameda b?lui.i!a."U,,," " ,h' W",rrn ""' these Bherp aro g,,.rantel of P descent, from the French Imperial riwk at llamboulllel. aim a few well-bred young nulla of the Durham blood. HtUu IV. GILMOKU, Importer and Dressier of Angora or Cashmere GOATS or PURE BLOOD ASIV all (iiunry. For sale In Iota to suit purchasers. L.lloa, fonr niinim nsiiniaunuiion, cumin uug wun an pari i "' '"" """"' , For particulars, address N. OII.MUUK, Kl Horatio, 1 1 Dorado county. Catlforuia. lltd-raw II Pure Blood Will Tell." run vahoi a Imported Short-Horned Durham Frlca Dull, " DANDY .MM." Of tho world rruowhed 1IATK3 lll.OOII (combining lulllr .( luiitf iinatllliuil sssli,...! lis l.llf...i. u. .!..... IUIIB III 1SAI 114S ,1 SSJ fI Hill I), I'tlll l IIISSs tTH I'Kllll In-r, ISTJ, and I lie same Fall took tho First Trlao at the H'ao Fair, Hacramenlo, as a t ptu ' B.ifu' cl'.'r.' V.eV Iwo.year oldl Hwts-patatea Jua.iulu Valler Fair: First Her as a two-tear-old. Tiila tall, awan.ed tlio First I'rltn at Htatu Fair as a thn-year-oldi Hweeptakea, First I'rlio and Hkh-IiI Vreinluin at Han Joaipiln Valley, rllm-kloii. llo Is pronounced by tho lssl Jmlifia the flmst Voiiiik Hull fur Imported to this l!ol. Ha will In shown and Information siren to partlea baring lino rows and wishing lo Iniprora their stock by VBHNON A FLINT, Oakland, Onl. ii n, ii flmirv Dcvrrsl of his calies for tal at reasonable Anr cows sent lo Oskland will rtiflvu Ihn tiesl csro, and raivra Insured. 4rT-3m " '"'. cns.Ou.rs a.Bmitii 1. 11. Hick PVDIIC mucc nil ImHUo JUNCb at J),t ' iwsihsm asd i.tiuna is ' THOROOaHBRED 8H0RT.H0BN 0ATTLE i Or tho most deslralibi families; represent Ills' tho UiK'li- ". N"" ' Hhsruus, iimitim. Miss w ileys, Msiurka !,:J11V'li,,r5i.. iiV.u,i .,",r.','."!,l,, ,hoi V'J"". ,"n.ch I tf'riinrljr Mbaw Hindi) live miles rast of Han Jose, en I Hants Clara avenue, aud plarrd upon II lime car loads i oi nne eaiue, ret'enuy imported rrum tlio most noted ' herds of llmHistis, wn liirltii all lu want of flue stock to rail and s us, as woharo a few choku Delias fur ue. bind rur Uatalosue, Addnssi OYIIUS JONKfl A 00., 3v7-Uiu Han Jose, Oal. Short-Horned Cattle & Berkshire Pigs. HALM l'-Olt A few (Ilia youuu Hulls, one ami Iwo yeara old, got Ir (lrsud Turk, of Oak lloiufl. Muiulxro Hull in herd Issik, s.'jv. AUi, puro llerkalilrn ri, Murk Horses aud Mali s, to bo sold ou reasonable terms. WH.I.IAM I., OVF.IIII1HKII, Osk Homo llauch, Wslerloo Itosd, Ihroo mllvs from Stockton. UfT-Jiu FOR SALE. TWO IIU.NIIIIF.D k FIFTY iF.Alll,IN(l IIIC1II OltADK SPANISH MERINO BUCKS. Also I) ThoroiialihrvdHpaiiUhMirliio, Imported last year, aud boushtof llamuioiid. J, II. PDIKIK. H'sWeiici. uim lulls uurlU of Wstirloo, Waterloo, Rail """I"""""'. "" jail-M iriuo Gi'imIw SPANISH MERINO SHEEP. BSL 20,000 head arouow uwned by Ihla aasoclatlou, and wo am In constant romiiiuiiliatlou with panlea all over ifA,? riled lo t-t.ll at ths tilths id ih Sun Joaiiuln Vullov Wool tirousrs AsunHiiti,... i&si.....ti. ..... ....ii...... . .. . . .. .. . ... w.iii..iiiH, ..j, siviiiKuiiory sirttt, ttau rranciaco. JsliUm ATTENTION, DAIRYMEN RAMMI'SI PATENT ONEIDA CHEESE VATS, TO HOLD FltOM Ono Hundred to Ifiva Thousand J Gallons. CHEESE HOOPS, FltOM HMALI.KST TO LAIIOEHT BIZH. I'itKSSUD MILK-PANS, 1'lJSOii MliK-PANS. Bl'itALNKtt VAILS, ORIiAM PAILS, MILK PAII.8, ETC.. KTO BTO. Ths above, aro mado of tho Utt inaUrlala and lu the "' HOODS, and sell ths same at prlcua that ars very low as luiuusrisl with ths Kasl.ru ststts, Dairy, mtu will rlud II to their advaiitaso lo tall upou us. c; iaoiw.i; II. TAY at CO.. 014, 010 and 018 liatUry St., HAN riliJtOJMco. 'JliUu Encaustic & Geometrical Tiles. IlF.AUriFttf. Reproduction of PKSIONS, Ancient Work. ' IMPERISHABLE PAVEMENTS s fiiiunoiiKH. i.vHTmmnCM .....u hi'Hikii.h, f tiHmvAioiiltrt, "oiiitiiSoRei OIAU.1, VMriUUhr..s. DWItlh-S.ltriJ KSstlsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssWSssssSsssmBsssssssKI 03r55iwB52?iHlBs"s' vi5CTMo-BHBBBsslia5i'T!2 Suitable for All Climates. Manufactured of tin relebratod JsikO.M aud Urosulsy Clays, aud arrsutfed lu lh most besulltul pillarua, OU!fcIJUK.iniITII,liH, WAi-LANDlUTIITILKa D.alsus aud Ulimates ou application to ORAVKN, DUNNILL oi 00., (Limited, JatariiLU Woaas, asiu laoaaaiuua, Uusorauus, I.NUI.IVD. j,n, ' i " y "jsiwwwfwrW fcaaMtWI