Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 22, 1873)
2 WILLAMETTE FARMER. Address by Governor Booth, Before Cal. Slate Grange, at San Jose, on Friday Evening, October 17th, 1873. IjADIf X AND Of .NTLFMF N ! TllO oryatlf Ziltloll o( tho farmers of tho United States Into one "guild," If permanently curried forward in tho spirit of IIh inception, will lend to conse quencea of tho highest Iniportiinco. I under stand tliut, while n portion of th work of tho "Patrons of Hiixhindry," llkn that of tho Jin Bonn, Oild rillowBiiudiitherHluilliirfiatcinitics, Is stent, while it hns crtuln degrees, nnbrx, honorary tlthx nnd tleiorutluiM, these nro mi.ru incidents to its general objects that it 11111111.1 buniuiM, not show thnt i Ik substantial design in to improve tho material intuestx, tho mental moral character mid hocIiiI lri il-K' x of tho members of tlm largest uinl 111041 important in diiHtrinl IntrrtHt of our country. How far mid in what ttatx thin design shall hu accomplished will d( pend upon tho int' IHgcnt ( ffoits and pa tient co-operation of tho members themselves. The Forms and Symbol!. Tin rn may coiuo a tlmo win 11 nil tho obxe rv nnciH and ceremonies with which societies of thlH kind hcdgi thimxelvix in, and tho forum nnd Htmbolx with which thoy iiidinvor to mnko tholr proceedings attractlvo will he banished by that Severn tasto which lovux to contemplate truth as a puro abstraction. Hut that tlmo Ik very distant, and thn uiilUiiiuui will trtad cloxo upon itM coming. S011111 of tho iriticH who nro wont to sue er nt tho olllchil titles and lUrt ok conferrul by thu "Oranges," would liu Kiddy with delighted vanity if tho meanest ami most prolllgato monarch who over Kill upon n throno would Halutiithiiil as "Sir Knight.1' Whllo tho soldier followH his Aug with inspl ration of courage, and will Inula forlorn hojiu for tho niiku of a ribbon; while tho parade in bright with tbo glory of gold laco; whllo tho church has its stimuli windows, itx organs and choirH; ministers Hit ir gowns and bunds and surplice; whiluoviry Ktalo occuxloii orovint lias Its prescribed ceremony; while colic giH and Miilvorxitii x annually piipur ux with A. M'h., 1). )'h and LL D'h.; whilo uvi ry hotly who Ix 11 member of tho civil government Ix "lion," nnd ovi rtbndy who ix not ix "Col." or Khii."; why hIiouIi! not Imluitry, too, Imvo itx colors, liy hIioiiI id, holdl nnd, bidding itx patent from natiiru, confer itx tllh'M ami dignixf Why ix not thu "Knight of tho l'low" ax hoiiorablo 11 titlo ax tho "hulght of thn Garter?" Or why may not tho decora lion of"'lluillorsti" bo worn ax proudly ax that of tho "Eh pliant" of Doiimark, or "Muck En gin" of l'ruxHin? Hiui'ii from tho constitution of our naturo tho fornix and hIiowh of tlmo aru a part of iiinu'x lifn upon tho unrlh, wo need not r ii ct thoHii which aro Images of iioacii, thn coinage o( (iviliiition, whilo clinging to otherx wlilcli aro 1 inweiiix 01 war or itiuxoi iiurnnr ixm. Conccnlrallon. VI1001r hax hIii. Hid tho growth 01 our sp. illation must hut 11 iiIim 1 tul an Increasing Ii 11 di ncy towards toiin ntratioii in towns and tlticx. and that in tho largo c-itiix-tho couti rx of capital, (omiiii icn and muniifue lurcx -tho iucriiiKii ix In gn atcr ratio than in tho Hiiiallcr, which di point upon local triuln for Hiipport, It ix initio nhhi, too, that citlix whom pnpiilu lion unit capital aro cniiceiitrutttl have tear bv yinr 11 grtnter rehitlvo Inllutiiiu In shaping the gnu nil policy of gott rnnu ut. In tin in iiublio opinion Ix uiiihhi'ii, nun ciiii im inrown imum dlatilyupon any giti 11 point, 'lhey hiipport (lie gnat mittiipiipirx, annul inn nailing moo and hiirplux capital. 'I ho grout moneyed in tinxtx, nnd m'hi im x uhlch iiatn in illnxthiir (iinti rx, mo tioti r without spuiul mid pluisl lilo niltiicatix, 'I hoy otguliin lobbies, audhatn ngontx and attorncyx bnfnrn mry important Ii glxlntltn and 1 ougri KNioual 1 iiiunilltt o '1 In ir iulliuiicK ix thux fill din 1 liy and spu ideally ut tho timnaiid plain tthi m it ix wmitcd. To illilhtratn : No tapltal of tho mi mo amount in tliix country, ptrlinpx iioiin 111 tho world, liax in tbo xauiti limn ati raged ax largo prolltx upon thn liivixtmcnt nx that of tho national bunks, Tho hi entity for lluir billx ix (loteriiliieut liiindx, on whiih thn bunkx rmitn iulcrixt 'I bo medium with which they redeem ix (Int ernment nnti it. 'I bo nimibi r of bunkx ix liiul ted, ho they hat o 11 monopoly of the prit iligex they enjoy Ix it credible that but for thn lullueiicti of III haukx thciiiHcltcx and tlm public opinion they bate la ell able to en ate, thn (lournuit ut handling, ax it doex mitmullt, from one bmidrid and tlltt to two liiiiidrul uiilliou diillurx in gold, anil colli 1 ting and disbursing In gold and cur rency etert tun an amount iipuil In morn than half tim tntlrn I'lreiilatiug iiiidiuni riiUlnd liy (In hiislmxx of tho cnuutrt, Willi a endit hand upon 11 cnntiin lit, and Hiipporlidhy thn patriotism mid interest id thn whole popula tion, would not long Kinco hatn (urnlshcd tbo oumlicy dim I. making tbo prntlt on 1 Inula (inn a coiiiiiioii lain lit, and bate niado itx it clmngiublo taluu equal to gold tlm pioph tin niHi Itcx are 1 ntillid to wliateter prollt tin n ix from (lie 1 itculutloii of billxor nioiioy, tthich could have no tabiobnt for the inditgitiii by Hum, ami for whom' ndiniption llmr own bonds am pledged Thn ltobh in in not a dlf llcnit one, nut llx prat tical Holiitiun hax nntir hi cu eurucxtlt attempted, if ant Kinking hotixn ilijoyid thn cndil, iiuiimauileil llni it' HOlircex, mid handled tho iiiouet the (lutein mint doex, it would tiud lui ililllcultt III milk ng itx liillx of par tabic witb gold Whemtir im.y llnanclat pollc) Ix piopontd it ix "Wall ittnet" that ix hi aid 1'irxt, lacaiixo Wall htn it, hating 11 xpicixl Intinxt, will xpok. Hivoud, Imciiiixii tto iiin apt to iiincedo that Wall xtrtel, hating made thix xubjirt a xpo inltt, hax a light to did inline In truth the Wall Mm I lutinxW xlunild liar almut the Nimn ti hilioti to thn IndiiHlriul putxiiitx of tho countit that tlm liniiilx 011 tlio illnl tin to tlm liimliiui T of a watib. If thn m lin-xprlng and wluelx me right, )ou can caxil.t adjiixt the IuuuIh to 11 gixti r thn mot 1 un ut. Our taiitt repreM utx no general priiiclili or policy, tltlur of protit lion, " iucldilital pro lictiou," or " letimie milt," hut ix a patch work, cleatlj dboloKing jii.t how far each xpeclal iutirixt hci king prottclioii wax ablu to maUoitmlf heard. Public Evils. If them ix any ptliu iploof gntcrnmental pol icy upon which' all patlv phitformx and pulilic xHakerx, candid ilex, olthv-holderx mid liettx puptiH iigne, It ix that the public laudx xhould (i held for actual xettlerx, If that xciitimnit could It' put to n Won itic tote, oun unitcrxal "Ate I" would go up from tin to Hen llllt wo bate had laud Kiuutiix to Holdiirx for military mrtice. Ixnd-xcrlp to agricultural college for itlucntioiial purpoi x, laudxcrip for thn fitinguUlmifiit of ludiun title, kwuiiiii iaiuU to btatex for reclamation purport x, bind- frauU to railroads andxomehow thmo do ptx iito tho handx of Hpeculatorx, for tho moxt imit, nud thn charm of that tcry tmuicil motto in Auierlcau olitU', "lloiuex for thn homo leM," dli'x away on tho cur. 1 iiutmico thexu illunlrutioiu not to 11 lid (milt, hut to nhow how much mid how until rail) legixUtlou ix iullufiiccd and diirctitl by thu immediate lutciext which preue iu chtinu Kt time, place mid occiuloii. On iHiailivn will 1 licet uioro lbu mi arm) of ucutmU. One umu who know wbt he wxutu, mid neekx it, will itcoouipllh morn thmi it hundred who dou't want liiui to get it, but who rexolulelr ttar nt homo and wy nothing nhout it uutll it ia too Into, and thin InJulgo in the luxury of grumbling. The Granges a Reserve Forco. WhiU wodoxlrn nud bono for fiom tho Grnncex upon this subject ix thnt thoy will glvu shape, cousixkney mid ddlnltincxs to that dlfftmivo uublio opinioii whlih now, unorganized, ix lioiird rntlier in criticism than in direction, mid that Inw-mnktrx and public tnou shall rcalio nt b'ait that the ro Ix n reserve forco which, though slow of spiLt'b, will Hpcnk, nnd that wnin pritiiln mm ppttlal liiteresls uro cliiuio mux it ix Mifo to ttnli until tbino ueuiral inter- this can bo considered, tt hlch uro uf ten tho ilrxt to sillier ami thu Inst to no hcurd. Irrigation. Ono Miliject will doubtless bo kooii presented for legislation of thogreatist iuiiortauco to a largo body of tho farmers of this State, nnd on which they ought to bu heard that of irriga tion. In some districts whero irrigation h now re garded nx tho only nxsurnnco of n good crop of grain, deep plowing nud summer fallowing might iiroto chimitr, moro biultbfiil and about ux succcHslul. 'Ibis can ha detormiiRd by care ful tiierlmuntx and collection of facts. It will certainly bo a public calamity if, under thu operation of Statu laws, thu supply of water necessary fur irrigation should puss into tho possession of pritnte parties. Thu mini state ment of thu possibility of 11 water monopoly Ix a stigma upon our law. Whoetir has livid iu tho mines mint liutu obsertcd thnt the ditch owners could own thu mines if they desired to. 'I lie unrestricted control of thu waters neces sary for irrigation would confer thu sumo power over lauds. If n general sjstem of irrigation should bo projected, thn work to bucoustructidund mull aged by tiiu Statu, it ix possible thnt 11 great dial of work would bu done which would pro to iinmcuxsary nnd unprolltablo; soino portions of the Statu would bo taxed for iuipruttmintx in which tluy had 110 intinst, mid thu mining districts, to which wutir ix as essential as to the farming, would hato 11 right to demand thnt thu ststem should bu extended to tin m. Ix It not possible to dlvidu tho Statu into ir rigation districts, allowing each to iletermlnn thn ipusllon for list if, nud giving to inch aero a testul right to itx pro rata of thu water sup ply, mid conferring upon each district thu power to (ondemn thn water rights which arc uictx xary for itx own irrigation? Another question In louiiritinn with thix subject will bo the practicability of using tbo hiimu (iiualx fur puiposex of irrigation and transportation. It ix of thu lilghext Importance that nt the outset tho State should adopt tho hist ststem, and loo much care cannot bo git en to tho ar raugemilit uf itx delulls. 'Ibo n port of the Commission of l'ligimcix annolutid bv the (leiieral (loveriiuiint to make u reconnolssuiun. of thu Statu will doubtless furnish fuels of gnat viiliiu Iu arming at 11 correct conclusion. I trust thu farmers, wlin am most intern slid, will gito the matlir their patient, ( an fill and lull lllgeiit attention, ho that wo sliall hatn thu hem lit of full disciixxloii and fnn iuli rihungo of opinion. I instance thix ax 11 striliing ias , lint If tliu (iraugex xliall Hiiccuiil 111 giving tlm iillairx of Local Government 'Hut const ipuuco and attintion In which they 1110 entitled, thoy will do an incalculable good. Wo Hum ux 11 pioplo to hntu had 11 ipiuilttii- uinl attack of llisunltt otira lirixidi iitlal elec tion. How wo do "hiw thocountrt" with xpi 1 1 hex mid processions, mid thu burning of lar and turpi ntine, thu bluo of llomaii caiidli s and nk) tin kitx and tlm (xploxioii of guupott 1I1 r. Distant bu the day win 11 thn 1 lection of 11 l'n slib nt of the I'nitul States shall not he cniixidcrt d a liiatti r of gruto iuipotlame. That Is tho occ islou when a senso of tho unity of our countn is niuilo most titid and mil to ux all. Hut tun ihition of Supcrtlsnrs, School Dirt ctors and local olllcers ix often of more iiiiuinliatn couci ru toour iuditidual well Ixiug (lood roads, mhoolx, iiirnct lulministratiuu of justiio iu altairs of daily life, tnxex imposid only for common bent lit and cornctly cxiiud td are things which tomb us win re wolni' aru rtalcury dat. Local olllcers, ton, who are aim liable to the criticism of tlnir 111 ighborx, should also hatn thn hem lit of Hit ir iutillignit and (lit mil) coiiiim 1, so that local iiiluiiuixtia lion shall be din 1 lid as far 11s posxlblo by thu comuiiiii 111 ighborhood sentiment of what ix tight. '1 In ru ix 11 homi I) proti th- " 1'nko cam o( the pennies and thn pounds will tuku cam of tin 111x1 Iti x," If thu local athilrx of our coun try urn ttixily adiuiiiixti nsl thu gi 111 nil aduilii ixtratiou will not Im fur wrong, lndiul, got eriiiutiit it 11 growth from within, and thu true charm It r of nut (iovi 1111111 ut dipt mix upon the local Institutions of the country, and tluxe In laxtriMiit upon the at 1 rai,o charm tor of the pioplu thiiuxiltix, Trance finds that 1 tertor ehaugix iu gotirutueiit me ipheiiural, ofttii only cbangis of name, hioaiiHO local Institutions mid Interior admislratioti n main thu same. 'I In so urn the xpriugx mid ttlui Is, and the chk xlril.es the bonis win 11 ttr tin bunds iiuty point If b louxtmit nlli litiuli III null In Ighborhood we catiMUCiid 111 gitting our pul lie schools as in ai l pi 1 (nt ax posxililc, we xbill take a bond of fate for the xicimtt 01 (no institutions ruiithou Mi.tx our Nt tt rugliiud amvxiorx ills inteiid that the pomps and shows uf louiltt, with horse guards mid foot guards, big wigx and 1 It t Ik ttigx, knights of tlio Itsbchumber, kitinrxof thu hounds, ttc, wire uiiuicexsnry I'erliapx the) wire too poor to iillord them "heli t tun 11 would iiuswir tho purpose mid wiiu chinptr In lice the dniiocriitiu principle, mid tipnsi iitntitu n publican goteriuui lit Wenuixt knp the xiiuries pure if we would hatn the xlreaiu char, mid not allow repuhliMii xliows to ilestroj rcpiiuiicau xiuipiicilt. Union ol Producers anil Consumers. 1 hatn rid 1 nd to the coiuptrititn oter growth of cilitx One of the objects, 1 oh sir to, of (iraugex, ix to simplify the machincry of iirhange, to difptiixii with uiiddlo men iu iar ux practic.ihle, mid bring ptodmcrxaudcoii siuui r inon iieutl) togellur In the degrie in which tbet shall limctcd in this thet will thick, one ol the lendi niics low.iiils tlm con cotitration of capital and populutiou. 'Ibis lucteiise of Cltt ptipilhitiou, mid the nggngi tiou of capital, ix not confined to the I tilted Males, hut ix ctiiniuon to the citiliisl world London Is growing mom rnpidlt tbauetirU' fore, and the growth of Iteiliu in the lu.-t few team ix ax gnat 11 mart el ax that of Chicago 'lhu cnusix iniixt he nought iu principles of unltcrsul op ration, At one pi nod of the world's hUtory men gathered in cltlex, walinl towns for mutual pronation At another, title were gnat Hlitical cxpitalx, hiw.gitux, in (ait, making vut prot luces nud dist.,ut couuttiix tnbiituriis to tlnir wialth ami powir by t'ompiest N'owcitnx attain their Impor tance ax the centers mid ctpitats of moncj, nmnnfsclutes mid coiiiun rce, Hunk for one moiueiit liott tiutly lluir importance as mem money Willi rx us i u iiicienseil uv tlio tiittit ductioii of iiatioiislfutidisldt'btx 'l'he funded debt of the United Mxtex ix Sl.TiivJlS.&OO, that of the varioux Mates, $JJI, 717, Uo'J, of ciiuntie and town. liy.OTO.Slb, tho Ust llgures nro from uiioiUclnl statistical tables mid are proUilde largily under. Tho llonlltiK debt of tilt) llt'uerttl (lotcruuicut, mid of tho Statex, couutiex ami cities would add more than fSW.lW.tXW to thix xum of our publio indebtedness. The fuuded debt of the railroads iu tho United States Is $1,200,C1C,OG1. Tlio total debts of tho nations ot the world, compiled on the basis of Hubner'x sta tistical tablo, nnd probably embrnciug only sucli ns nro quotable nt the Loudon Kiciiauge, is SlS,700,o'J'J,7o8 raoro than quadruple tho gold nnd silver coin iu tbo world. Add to that already iuconciitablo sum the debtx of Stnles, counties and municipalities, and wo become lost in n bewildering mr.zo of figuios. The InUrext upuu this ust sum ix on iitiuual tribute oiel by tho world's industry to tho world's moneyed centers nnd capitals. What n glorious, happy holiday tho world would enjoy, what n year of Jubilee, if it could get out of debt. Nearly all the taxt xums I nave recapitulated aro thu prico of wars, and must be paid from thu accumulations of peace. 'I hero ix no escape. No nation cau afford to incur thu disgrace of repudiation. Capital, when invested in machinery and material im provements, nddx to productive capacity nnd to tlio sum of human happiness, but no "national debt ix a national blessing, "nnd their tast aggregato is n silent, constant drain 011 tho world productive industry. It ix that much of thu world's "stock in trade" held by u "dead bund." Machinery. About a hundred yenrx ngo Watt invented thu coudotisiug steam engine, which hax revo lutionized thu arts of peace iu as great n dcgrio as tho intention of gunpowder did the nrt of war. So much hns it ndded to productive ca pacity, that it has beiu estimated that witli it, and the intentions to which it guto rlso, the creative power of great llrltnlu in tho arts of citill7ed life would be us great as that of the world without. One immedinto edict of this nud iilmost every other grmt invention, how uter, is tontrcugthen tho strong, to mnko cup Hal n more powerful clement in production. llargratu'H spinning Jenny, Ark w right's spin ning frame, (Jarlwnght'x power loom, and tho methods of puddling and rolling iron, which wuru nearly contemporary with tho steam-en gine, wltli tlio iiitroiiuciiouoi cotton nxnencup textilo nud tho application of steam to trans portation by land mid water, hato completely mollified tho methods of industry nnd exchange, and thu currents of population, lluforu tint, personal skill was thu mechanic's host capital; now personal mechanical skill ix worth com paratively little, without thu uxo of largo cap ital. It cannot compete with machinery; be fore this, mechanical iradcu weru enrnod on nx independent pursuits, by men who learned tin m ux apprentices, to practico them ax mas ters, with siith means as they could xeverall) accumulate. In fact, luichnuical labor strictly has been largely supplanted by manufactured labor. When Atlum Smith wrote of tho divis ion of labor ux a cause uf increased production, iiu little ilrt aiutd of thu minute sub-ditlsions to which the principle would bo carried. Do foru thu Intention of pins any of our ancestors could gather thorns or muko 11 skewer; now it pill I bt bete, passes through 11 do 11 hands be fore it Ix ft udy for tho cushion, but it ix chotipt r to lint it than go to thn woods for a thorn, or ivi 11 for 11 Vniiktu to whittle a xknttcr. Outside of agriculture ntiry one who produces Ix now working lo Hiiniilt tho wants of ollurs, nnd drawing upon tlio labor of hundrulx to supply his own, Now, too, it ix tiry seldom that mi) man product x from raw material an article that any one wants. Ho only contributes to it iu some minute dcgrio and thu whole ix tlio joint production of many hands. Thix makes exchange moro mcessiiry and frequent. All articles biing for Hale suk couum centers place x where lint trx can purchase etert thing they want. 'I ho tolume of commerce Ix thus wonderfully increusul, itx machinery txectd ingly complex and delicate. Thesu are gnat centripetal forcis which constantly draw pop ulation and capital to those vast human hittx, modi ru titles. Tbey urn social forces far more powirful than any ligixlntito enactment. Industry in Early Times. If any of ton grew up, ax I did, near tho Iron tie r j oil w ill hat u obsert 1 d the one ration of tin se forcis in tour ottu experience. Thlrh-tho ye itx ago, iu what wax then thu " l'ar West," almost ettrt tiling consumed on a farm was raisnlonit, 'IhiTowax some barter, llutter mid iggs wire 1 1 changed for sugar and ioIIic. Tui wax a luxury, kept for cases of sickness, a fiw such State occasions nx the tislt of the minister, or of that most august olllcial in those dits the Circuit .lodge. Wool came from tlm simp's back into thu house, and nett r bit It until It went out on thu bucks of the liuyn and girlx It wax carded, spun and woteu by luiiid. The ilax w tut from the tit Id to the bn ukt r, from bri nkt r to huckleand loom. At the farm I lust nuiiuibir thu trough wax still iu thn farmjard, mid thu remains of lhu tat wiie to bn xieii, whim not many ycarx iu lore 111 ershius iiiiiicowiiiiIik mm in entanncil, ami the la-stiino wax still kipt, which had hull iu family use for making shots from thu huuii -tunned bather. Thu farms where more than one hind man was kept were rarer than those that had none, running impitiuentx wire of the simplest kind. I reiui niber tho llrst thrisbing uuiihiuo - n horse-power brought into our in ighborhood. It uuulu itx appear iiuceiilHiiit the same tluiu the llrst piitnocameluto the tillage. I think both were generally re garded as etidences of gnat iiiiiotntioii, likely to brink tin ir owners All this hax been chungoii. 'I ho introduction of iuiproud agri cultural implements, which substantially ditex buck bcareel) twtiitt.lltu )iarx, hax a tench ncj to bring about thu sumo kind of changes iu funning that lulor-sut tug machinery hax ttltct iu the nn chutiicil arts, 'lhu gang-plow, the reaper, the bender, threshing machines, m xblu oun ottinr to ciiltltutu more acres, in crease lhu size of farms mid make the use of capital 11 moro ism ntiul condition of success Tho Present Day. Now ulnuM etert thing produced on the farm is Held, almost etert thing consumed iu the I1011-.11 ix bought. Sometimes the markets are dixtint, as l.ittrpool now lhex thu price of win at 111 haiila Clara. 'I he farmer nects-.utll In comes iiitertstid in the hws of (rule, un th esis of exchange and price of tr importation It is important thnt lie xhould know what kind of weather the had in lhigland at hartist, how much wheat ltuiMU can spare, and how many ships am 011 their wa.t to his iieaiext port ft is import mt that the friction in handling what he has to hill mid wh it he must buy, should be ax light ax possible, mid th it ho should not be t ixed iu extra profits 1 11 pay loisesby luul debtx. Now he desires to know about where the monet ix to come from "to mote tho crops." He mills morn capital at xomo times than at others, tt suts huikiug actouiiuod itions nud low intere st. Ax money til interests, manufacturing interests mid couum ret il ititi rests from the nature of their tiaiis.u'tlonsb.ite their capital ami piloted ren ters, ami as from the iistum of their pursuits agricultural itittrcMx line not, but amaxueces sarilt diiluscd as the others are concentrated, it is emiuentlt proper thet xhould organize for lluir own rtdtanctiuent and protection. Far mers htiug in comprntite isolation ought to leei mat tin re Is a net-work nt st mpttliy con necting each with all. Tins want the mttltu lion of tho Patrons of llu.buiulry, through Male and subordluate Cimuei, u luteudetl la supply. Ihe xpecitlo object it proposes will acspiire patieut thought mid sometimes careful eiperimeut, but it cau hxrdly fail to coulributo to Kocial eujoymeiit, to tho diffutiou ot prxcti cal iuforuixtion, to a cultivation of a feeling ot etpnf iiu ctsriu, and that aeuxo ot honor which results (roiu)pride ot pursuit and mutual plrtlgo. During the panic in New York tho associated banks for some time received and paid out ns money, certified checks of each other. The word of n member of n Grange should bo ster ling in every transaction, nud pass current ax tho coin of tho renltn. Not only his fields, but his life, Hhould be made fruitful by his nssocin tiou. His presenco nt home Bbould bo nn nt mosphere of pence, nud his influence ntnong his neighbors ns fragrant ns nn orchard in bloom. Trees. Itecurring for n moment to tho poiiod of my own recollection to which I hnto before re ferred, I recall with regret tho destruction of trees. Now, it seems almost wanton nud cruel. Tho spreudlug black walnut, tho straight, litho hickory, the tender nsh nnd tho hnrd oak, wero giiilleel, felled, logged, rolled into heaps and liurned, to get them out of tho wny. Ouo qunrter, perhaps a tenth, of these left stnnding would bo worth moro thnn tho fields from which they wero cleared. Will not the Califor nia State Grange tako tho trees under their fos tering enro, nna the subordinate Granges niako it n point of honor with their members to plant trees? I hopo they hnvo, or will estnbllsh nn honorary degree for that. All value ix tho re sult of labor. The farmer works nearest to Nnturo, and gets most of her assistance. Na ture ix his silent partner. Hut of what form of taluo does labor contribute so little, und the iutisiblo forces of Nnturo so much, ns in tho planting nud growth of trees? Blessings of Home. Ono word nud I hnvo done. I hnvo known farmers who tollod nil elny, nnd nltuost ovory day J11 tbo field, when a dally half hour spent on tho hotiso and garden, in making homo ut tructite, would acid moro to their renl happi ness than nil their toll. Tor nftor nil, homo ix tlio true source of lasting joys. Fortunate they who have happy homos blessed nro thoy who mnko them happy. Stramonium Plant. I noticed nuder thohend of "Wild Dowers, " by J. T on lingo 178, mention niado of tho "Gjuipsunt. l'rom tho brief description, I iuftreil it might bo tho "Datura Stramonium," Jamestown Weed, or Thorn Apple, of our South ern States, The second name, with itx moro common corruption of "Jimxou-weed," is tho one by which it ix usually known. Perhaps a brill history of tho first applica tion of this name might not bo uninteresting to jour readorx. It seems according to tho tradition thai dur ing one of tho wars with Great Britain, n corn puny of foragors fiom thu enemy's forco, sta tioned at Jamestown, Vu,, tisited ouo of tho neighboring planters iu quest of supplies. Tho pi niter, though by 110 means pleased with the compliment, put tho best facu possible on thu matter, and as dinner was just done, gavo them n cordi il Imitation to sit by mid partake. Tho hospitality, bo freely extended, was ncccptcd. Among tho dishes served, wnx ouo of "clrteiis," much relished by tho guests, so much ho, indeed, that after dinner tho host was requested to point out tho plant from which tlio material wax obtained. History ix silent nx lo to thu phrenological peculiarities of this hospitable Southerner, but I Imagine them might have been a slight ttin of humor iu his composition, nud that bis jokes weru some times of u practical kind. At any rate, he pointed out thu Stramonium nx tho plant from which thoy obtained their "Greens;" nud ns thu weed was plentiful iu thu vicinity, o Dritulix departed iu high glte, with tho prospect of such a dclicnc) being lidded to their 1)111 uf l'are. Next day it was tastid. You that are acquainted with tlio noxious propertied of the plant may readily iiuugmu tho sequel. Prom this incident cuinu tho name Jamestown or Jlinson Weed. I will add 11 few words concerning this plant. If it ix identical, nx I inferred, with tlio"(5)mp Htiui" of your correspondent, let him beware. According to "Gray's Manual," it ia not 11 ua lito of thix region, but brought from Asia or Tropical America. It ix rank, narcotic and poisonous. And ax I know from observation a terrible pest to the farmer. I hat 0 net cr met it as far north ax thix, hut iu thu southern part of thu State, it, with thu llagweed nud Cockle burr, hate taken Much complete possession of thu roadsides mid waste grouudx, iu some neighborhoods, that literally nothing elso cau grow , t'or. Pac. llural Prtsi. Squirrel Extermination. On this subject a Califoruiau says: I notice thu farmers nro determined to be lid of thu squirrel nuisance. Now I will statu my experience 111 killing npilnelx for tho last Iti years, most putt iu Alameda nud Sonoma countit s. Ou a farm of llii) ucrcH of laud to bo rid of these pests cost me annually for strych nine from $50 to $70, tho same for phosphorus iibout $.!0. Taking danger and work into consideration, stnehnine is thu moxt etlectual and cheapest. Thu last tear I adopted steel trans, succeed ing iu all respects surprisingly. '1 hoy nro far cheaper and safer than the about methods, I can poxilitely statu that one dozen traps will clear a field of UK) acres within 11 mouth by n little industry and acquiring thu proper way of setting, oun man, say, spending ouo hour a day After clearing thu field tho traps, may be, hate to bu stt anew, ou account of t lie constant immigration of the squirrels from neighboring farms. If the farmers will net together to get rid of the uuisuiev it can be accomplished and not till then. We nied not appiy to our reprcsoutii tit ix in Sacramento fur Mate or other aid. If I re colli ct rightly, the experiment made iu Ala meda county about four years ago, failed after spending some $50,1)00. The squimlx boinuie ux plentiful us etir. I think the greatest masoulu not succe tdmg to abate the uuixuucc, is that farmerx for some cause or other, cannot he brought together to ait jointly ou the laud they work the nisc It es, or lease, etc., for faim iug and grazing put osex. Generally the lar gest landholders am the least aUentite; because they think thet hate laud enough for their cat tle to subsist through the winter. Dut instead of spending ?J0 or $10d to txtermluato squir rel, they would rather lco-o 10 or 50 head of cattle, dting in January .and February of act ml huuger, which is uiostl) produced by the waste of squirrels. Let the farmers meet iu their ditlenut school districts, in different couutiex and couiuieuco action, mid I will ven ture to prophesy that the nuisance will be abated iu time to correspond to tho wishes of the farmerx. The traps once bought, will last for tears, with no expense of but. Only by sitting them iu the proper way at the entrance of the hole, so that tho squirrel iu going iu or out ix bound to step ou the trigger plate with his fore or hind feet. Keep your traps togeth er aceordiug to the holes, aud you will succeed iu catching six squirrels daily with twelte traps, Lit the farmers try this method, with a little patience iu the start, aud success will crown their efforts. To Dbt Plums. Split ripe plums, take the stones from them, and lay them on plates to dry iu awrm, hot oven or hot sun. Turn them frequently, in order that they may dry etenlv; brine them in before the dew falls everv uight, and do not put them out again before the suu win to on tuem. wnen perfectly dry, place iu ppor bag, aud hang In an airy place. Our Sagebrush Lands. We nre quite willing to speak a kindly word or repent a good story told of our sister just east of tho Sierras, aud finding the following in the Terrioriei Enterprise of October 3d, wo ap proprinto It. "Tho peoplo of Novnda are litllo gitcn to boasting, in which respect they difler from their neighbors ncross the mountains, Truo, wo are producing more of tho t rocious metals than Cnlifornin; our stock ranges nre so exten sivo nud superior thnt cnttlo nro driven here by tho thousands from Cnlifornin for pasturage; our beef commands a better prico than nuy oth er in tho San Prnuclsco markets; our mutton is equal to the English stall-fed; our potatoes are especially ordered by San Francisco epicures ablo to afford the luxury; and wherever irriga tion is possible the yield is enormous of every thiug produced iu the temperate zones. Our sagebrush plains, embracing a goodly portion of tho area of the State, contain tho vital elements of omincnt productiveness. Dry, dusty aud uninviting in tho summer mouths, thoy nro regarded ns deserts by tho thoughtless; but eterydropof water produces a blade of grass, and a chnugo in tho charoctor of tho seasons, such ns has followed tho settle ment of many of tho Westorn Stntes, would make Nevada ono of tho richest agricultural States iu tho Union, Kailroads aud telegraphs, tho turning of tho soil, the snioko of furnaces and tho increase of water brought from tho depths of tho earth and from distant points in tho mountains, are all tending to summer rains. Tho volumes of our small rivers nro insufficient for general irriga tion, nnd our rich hut arid plains nro awaiting in comparatito desolation such chaugo as hu man lifu and industry may effect. Dut, deso late as our sngebrush plains inny appear, thoy embrace some of the finest stock ranges in tho world, Tho editor of tho San Francisco Chronicle ro cently conversed with an "intelligent gentle man" from Whito Pino county, iu this State, nud learns with nuinzetncut that ovcrgrcat por tions of these plains "hunch-grass ix found iu great abundance, nnd is highly nutritious, af fording splendid summer pasturago for cattlo and sheep, whllo in tho winter tho whito sago brush is eaten with great relish by all kinds of animals. During tho summer season, neither horses, cattlo nor sheep will Iced upon tho wild sngebrush; but ns soon as the frosts touch it, it becomes palatublo and is nn excellent pasturago and almost incxhauxtablo in its graz ing capacity. There nro no snows of n sufficient ilojith to enibarnss oten sheep in outdoor feeding during winter months." 'Ibo "intelligent gentlemnu" from Whito Pino did not misinform tho editor of tho Chronicle in regard to thu taluo of our taxt sagebrush plains ax grazing laudx nor did ho det late from the truth when ho stated that summer ruins wero becoming moro frequent, and that grasses sow 11 among tho sagebrush would grow and thrive. Tho Chronicle has also heard related wonder ful stories of thu profits of shccp-rnlsliig iuthis State, and sats: "Ono gentleman, now feeding soino 25,000 sheep, estimates thnt in five years his flocks will number 100,000 excluslvo of the wethers that ho will market during tho time; his Increase during the past J ear wax ninety six per cent. The sheep of this region are es pecially healthy nud as u rule frco from scab und other diseases that nnuoy tho California wool grower. From this flock referred to the clip has nternged iu weight six pounds, aud commuuded, delivered nt tho railroad, twenty cents per pouud." This rather flattering ref erence to our grazing und agricultural resourcos concludes as follows: "Tho Impression has gouo abroad that tho hills aud higher valleys of Nevada aro unpro ductive nnd barren, but this is not the case, nud alrendy thousands of animals nro sent thcro from Cnlifornin. Thore is nlso n largo home market for beef and mutton at Virginia, Car son, Piocho nud other largo mining communi ties in thnt Stnto. Iu addition to the sago and bunch-grass ruugos thcro nro cxtensivo mead ows, from which hay is produced in large quantities. Altogether, Novnda may bo con sidered a good stock country, nnd tho time will como when by irrigating tho dry pla ces and utilizing her streams nnel springs, she will take respectable rank among tho grazing regions." Alcohol is Diiiad. It hns bcou generally stated that the alcohol formed in dough during tho process of fermentation is all expelled iu the process of baking, but some earnest teeto tallers may be pained to learn that Mr. T. Dolus finds that n perceptiblo quantity of tho intoxi cating fluid may be obtained from so small a quantity nx two ounces of bread. From the rtport of his investigations, published in the Chemical Xeict, it nppenrs thnt six samples of now bread, bought at shops In Loudon, yielded from .'221 to .401 of 1 per cent, of alcohol. After tho bread had beeu oxposed to tho air iu n moderately warm room for a week, two-thirds of tho nlcohol bnd evaporated. Mr. Dolus re marks tiint " tuo nmouut 01 aicoiioi continued iu bread is too small to be of any dietetio impor tance, but it may be, perhaps, worth whilu to notice, that forty two-pound loaves are about equal iu alcoholic strength to a bottlo of port. He hopes soon to determine the amount of nl cohol which dough loses whilo baking. Our renders probably recollect that soinu years ago attempts were made in England to sat 0 the largo amount of alcohol supposed to be lost iu baker's oteus. A good deal of money was sunk iu the experiment, but it was found that the amount nud the quality of tho spirit obtained wero not such ns to make tho process remuner mite. The manufacture of gljceriuo hns of Into, in view of its constantly extending importance in tho arts, been greatly expanded. During the past year tho production iu tho United States reached 2,000,000, lbs. of which ouo firm iu Ciucinnnti manufactured ono half. Iu a com munication addressed to tho French Society of Citil Engineers, M. Austin has highly recom mended the employment of thlxhiibstaucensan unti-iucrusUtor in steam boilers. Glycerlue, which is soluble in all proportions of water, ap pears, according to M. Austiu, to increase very notably tho solubility of the lime salts, to which the evils of iucrustation iu boilers are mainly nscnbtble; indeed, according to the author, it really forms with them a soluble compound. When the lime salts accumulate to such au extent as to be no longer soluble in the glycerine present, they are deposited iu the form of a gelatinous sediment, which does not adhere to the boiler surface. M. Austin re commends the employment of one pouud of glycerine to eteryiJOOor 400 pounds of coal burnt. From actual trials made with the ma terial, it is declared in the communication that the employment of glycerine for this purpose, aud iu the manner above described, proved successful. CiNcnoM. A careful analysis by P. Carles of the ashes of ciucuoun hark, from which the well known medlciue quinine is obtained, shows that the bark contains the following sub stances: Insoluble silica, soluble silica, alum ina, iron, manganese, lime, magnesia, potath, soda, copper, carbonic, acid, sulphuric, acid, phosphoric acid and chlorine, is