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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (July 26, 1873)
A. WILLAMETTE FAEMEE. rv JOHN HUGHES, STATE STltliET, SALDJI, Olti:ON, DEALER IS Bacon, Lard, Butter, Cheese, Flour, Grain, Feed, AND DOMESTIC PRODUCE OF ALL KINDS. Faints, Oils and Window Glass, American and English Ooach Varnishes, English and American Furniture Var nishes, Gum Shellac, and Japan Varnishes, Whito Damar and Asphaltum Varnishes. OABTOK OIL, LAUD OH., NEATS TOOT OH., KLEPIIANT OIL, DOGFISH OIL, POLAU OIL, LINSEED OIL, PUTTY IOLOISS' LAMI'Ul.ACK, OIIA1.NIXO TOOLS, 4c Ac WALL PAPER, Lima and Plaster,. Hair, Nails, and Shingles. Wholesale and Retail, Cash paid for all Kinds of Merchantable Produce. Jy27f JOHN IKTTG-IKCEIS. COOKE, DENNIS & Co. MANCFACTUHE SASH, DOORS, BLINDS lUEolciiiasei, RUSTIC. AND ALL THE LATEST STYLES of tnolite ami out-lde flnlh. of the, bl quality of clear cedar lumber ever ued lu Salem. at mm, sti nui AND TURNING, DONE WITH NEATNESS AND DISPATCH CEDAR LUMBER AD BlilnlcH for Sale Cltcnp. Best of Work at Low-rut Prices ricaa Rive tin a rnll, ce our atock, loaru onr wic, and iilvou your order. ..... Special altentlon ijlvcn n order rrom FAHM KJW, ud luforniatlon rrccly kIvcii gratia lo our Hhop one Diock Eat or the Chcmckrta IIouo Jra-tr MARBLE WORKS, MONROE & STAIGER. livtlen lu MONUMENTS, ANB Head and Foot Stones. ALSO, MANTELS Furniture Marble TO OltDlSK. ADDiti;ss: a. J. JIOMIOK, I WJI. BTAIGKII, halcin, Ore'ou. ) I Albany, On sou. nntpy IIHO. II.JONH. 1, M. IMTTEIWON. Jones & Patterson, Real Estate, Insurance, ....AND.... GENERAL AGENTS. COMMERCIAL HOTEL llUIUDINO, talent, Ore-eon. SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE ale or Kt-al Etatu lu all part of Oregon. A lariio amount t very dealrable CITY PItOP. RUTY, con. Mini; or Dwelling Ilou'r, Lott, Hall Mocks and llloik, Store. Ac. ....Alo.... Improted VAJIMS and Valuable ITncultltatrd Prnlrle and Timber Land, iltuatei In the btrt lo. talltlc In the Slate. , AIo,... Kentlnc and Letting tif all kind or propeity. Collection or Clalni, Ac, Ac, will rnrlve prompt attention. AOENTS FOIt The Mutual Life Insurance Co. Or ISVw Yorlf, ... AND.... Tho Union Fire Insurance Co. Of Sun FrnnclKoo. ItlT- For complete deicrlptlou or property ap tly at their oillce. . t lev Correfooudrnt promptly armcred. and all lnfornwUouulU'U In f rlruuu. Addre, JONES & PATTERSON, OcWS-v. Dm '', Salem, Uncon. Hay Presses. riET THE I1RST. Walt'a Patent. THESE VT nree Iiiib tkeiiaflrt premium at etiry i !.-- . L. k.. kll.ll.J a. I rair inal nicy iijitv urcii IK.IUI.vi. Ml Circular cut lo any addrcr. Send order early lo T. B. WAIT. )4l( Saleiu, Oregon. New Enterprise. METAX GOODS. KKI.LKB. niNK ANDTHOJIABCO. New York and San Krncico, Mauurtctur ra or the Celebrated bluthour Pun. Acenta for tb. ScU-Heculatlnic Continental Wind Mill, and Dralera Jn rountAlu,Matuary. Vae, Aquarium.. Kmblematle Sign. PWrt. Kuuo Cfcalr and rettcca. Stable Fixture. Iran Kalllnr, Fence. Creating. Weather Vane, ar.d other Ornamental CMInip. J. M. KFEI.EK. Manawr. ' in4 Ware room, No. K7 Market llrcet. SAN FltAN C1SCO. May 31. CHINA NUT OIL, COAL OIL, It AW AND 1I01LED OIL H. D. BOON. .tiKALIII IN. BOOKS, STATIONERY MUSIC, Periodicals, Newspapers, Wall Paper. ....AND.... Musical Instruments THE CELKIIUATED BURDETT ORGANS ....AMD... Zlallott and Cumston's Pianos Always on hand. Thc-o inHrnnirnl are- FAVOIIITEfl with all niulcln. and lhl Store I the nurt o! all ttho wtfli 16 buy (loode cheap, II. D. IIOON, Stale lrect, Salem. Deci. WAGONS AND CARRIAGES. and keep thi money lit our own Slite by nnrrlia' li j tile bert Wuj;oii iter ..Hind fur rale lu Oregon THE BOWIE WAGONS, manufactured lu Salem are made cf lbs VERY BEST MATERIAL, Wheel I.OILEI) IN OIL heron Iroulrc. evert part ll'LLY WAIlltANTEI). Hear Mbat jour uil,,liborny. To the Farmers of Oregon Wi, Ihcunde'tlcned, own and U'e the HOWIE WAUUN8 inanuracturrdbr T. CunnlnKham A Co., Salem.'Oretfou, and take pleaiurclurecxmmendln,; thtm to your notice: lrr-Decauie we know they are an "A No.l" waKin. .(VjKr-Dccanfe II I an Orepun Iiiflitullnn and Me reel li to Iw our duly and InicYol tocucouraue HOME MANUl'ACTl'ltK. T L Darldion, D. N. nurroDRht, Kl.k A Walker, J. CanlnKer, Win. Porter, J, W. (Ilntcr. Wcley HohiU. ' Dr. A. M. Ilelt, J. L. llMln, J. N. (Ilorer. C. P. tlloer, Oeo. D, Coffin, Tho. Oalei., Chn. Pearce, Cat. (leer, I.. W, Crum, Perry Wttron, A, E. (lurri.on, Aloiizo hvianx. Win. Churchill, II. II. Ofterboult, J. A. Ktmp, I), Nevtrom, II. II. J.tiiauy. .1. Hollliirhtd, Ahram Nelrou, It C, tieer, J. Voorhem, John Kay, J. W. Mlulc, ('. II. Aum, and U other. John Earl, Wea.kTnur aillance In building np the Me .'hrnlfal Inlrri'.lr of our own State. Cite HOME MANUFACiri.E the pr.rin nre, and li guaran (u w a lUtlir ui.d Vhuijxr II wjoh (lain can U tin- '"'" T. CUNNINGHAM & CO. Ma) Sir. Pacific University. POIIEST OltOVJ., OIIKOON. . INSTlll'CTION li;lten tu fonrconrfonftludy. coterlns rrom two to fuur teari" at the fame time. It 1 the lh or the Faculty to he of trtr loklltaruot ilud.ou lu tbilr plan furaolMra protement, whether they can continue along or rhort time Prorl.lnn I made for boardlne youiit; ladle. For particular, addres the PrelJebt. t The neit tirm bcj;lu September 4lb. pacuLtv. ReT. 8 II Maii, D.D.. Prcildeot, and Pri.feM or or Intellectual Ptitlnwnhr. Her. Jlotica Ltham, A,M I'rofeor of Math ematlc. (laoHoE II Coliur, A.M., Prohfaor of the Nat ural Science. ... J, W. Majuh, A. M Profcaeor of Latin aod Orrek. A. 3. Amdewoic, A.M., Prof.wor or Theory and An of Trarhlni;. and IMnrlpal of tb. Academy. ' Ml P. A. Viisa. 'rrrritref. MU0. A. HitaiLL, TicberufMulc. trtj For the Willamette Parmer. Thermal DcH, or Vernal Zone. m . r. HAtiKox, Coneludul Now, then, I have siwlien of the correlation or the strata of air. ThN is a new idea, rranklln, DolafUeve, Iioonils, 1'eltler, ami ninny other savant, experimented and learned much of electricity Its origin, force, and tic. Peltier may be said to bo the founder, or rather tho great mover, in that eminent science, the most eminent uuionj; tho sciences, meteorology. 1'eltler, by experi ments, found out and established its laws; ho co-ordinated and collected facts. On these are based meteorol ogy. Now for my authority to say nothing of my own experience in regard to the three strata of nir, the lower, middle, tint! upper, hear Tel tier. He says: "Tho diurnal vapors, such as rise in all countries every day, during warm weather, and dif fuse themselves between tint eartli and the tropical current, are divided into three wcll-dcllncd and distinct strata, as, in summer anil in (lie county, may readily be discerned af ter tho setting sun. A light, whitish mist Is then observed in contact with tho eartli; above this appear large grayish strata; still higher, while masses of cumulus, or sometimes the effulgent cirrus which seems to stretch away toward tho tropical cur rent." Again, tho samo author says: "Tho diurnal npow situated be tween the eartli and the tropical cur rent, that Is to say, between two forces acting In a contrary direction, aro divided Into three very dlxtinct strata. The lowest, that which re ceives most immediately the resin ous iiiHucnco of the globe, becomes vitreous. The portion next to the surface cannot, It Is true, long retain Its electricity, for tho proximity of the eartli too greatly facilitates Its efflux; it is only tho zone placed at .-01110 distance which is sulllclently Insulated to preserve n part of Its own. The inferior vapors, in assum. ing tho globular form, become white and humid; they form the ordinary fog", which mi easily roMilve them selves Into dew or (Iri..llng rain through tho attraction of the globe." Thus we seo the Inlluenco of vitre ous and resinous electricity. Vitre ous and resinous electricity moy iiouynious with positive and nega tive electricity, and u.sctl mostly by late electricians. Now, the Inter-changp between thee different strata of vapor could never take pl.ico without a medium. That medium Is resinous or vitreous electricity. Around the center, east and west, of tho globe, Is a belt of heated lilr, produced by tho sun's direct rays. Tills heated air ascends, on each side .of tho equator, to an immense bight, and falls oil' each way, north and south, forming two vn.it currents constantly pouring to the poles as vitreous streams. On arriving tit the poles, an Inter-chnngo takes placo ; tho vitreous becomes resinous, and in tliocoiillict produces the aurora bovculh and tho aurora auntralls, in tin nrcli light of a rain Imiw form. Tho resinous Is now ter restrial electricity, and flows along the earth to the otputlor. My the law of correlation or cijul valency, the force, vitreous electricity, through a change of conditions, becomes, at tho (Miles, resinous or terrestrial. Hence wo see the same force con stantly acting according to constant ly changing conditions. I'orce, like matter from whence it springs, is never lost. It produces an effect al-! ways equivalent to Its cause. ' JIo.it, light, magnetism, electricity, itc, arc only force; and, as tho conditions, so tho force. In n wonl, a niixjlc raii.ii' muiiijcttiiii iUtff under various forim. Tho Mist thernio-electrical belt which surrounds our globe, as a innn tie of protection, Is produced by ovaKratlon. This evaporation is tho surplUR heat derived from the sun's beams, and, escaping, rises to tho higher regions, counteracting the cold which is constantly jiourlng down from the vast ethereal fields which surround our atmosphere, and thus protect the torrid and temper ate zones from severe frosts. Where there Is none, or but little, vegeta tion nnd dry sand plains, there is very little evaporation. Hence, on all deserts there nre extremes of heat and cold during tho day, ex cessively hot ; the reverse In the night. Not so in dense vegetation. Now for the use, the practical util ity, of a knowledge of electrical phe nomena, of the thermal belt or ver nal zone; let us see. And, llrst: If wo wish to grow grapes free from mildew, frost, and fungoid growth, we must avoid the low, black lauds of our valleys, for the meteorological reasons given. And, secondly, for eari; gardens, and all tender plants, we must Keek a high, slightly sandy, light-colored soil, on a high, dry, southern slope, of some of our hllK It does not depend on the absolute hlght, but more on the peculiar cbo rographlcal features of the land in regard to frost, so there are low lands around tho hill for the heavy nir to settle in, and not on tho hill. On such situations, tho grape, the al mond, peach, apricot allscnii-trop-leal fruits will grow to perfection, being rich, and Tree from diseases of all kinds. Hence, then, and neces sarily, (lie importance ofn know ledge of the atmospheric nnd terres trial laws in forming climates. The end of science, of experience, of even theories, is good good to our selves, our race, mankind. A know ledge of tho thermal belt, or venial .one,, Is of great use to h., an, by it, lie can suvee fully yrow vhoice fruit. Tbo lilc of lllrds. Fur south, in the Indian Ocean, writes it newspaper traveller, in the midst of almost eternal surf nnd spray, rises what is appropriately termed Danger Island. Of all the lonely spots on tho globe whoso ex istence has been ascertained, this is probably the most lonely. Once on Jy since the creation bus it been known to have been visited by man. The sea, for many hundred miles, rolls and Hashes over a shallow bottom, till, arriving at a certain degree of latitude, tho floor of rock abruptly terminates, ami tho ocean becomes, lu u moment, of unfath omable depth. On tho very edge of this abyss stands Danger Island, which tho least touch of an earth ijuake, oraii imiisiud stroke of hur ricane, may some day topple over Into tho bottomless gulf. From this persuasion, possibly man has never attempted to erect Ids ducllliigupou It. There it stand-., In tho midst of thosiirgo,ovorcnnopled by the bluest of the blue skies, surrounded by u boundless expanse of waves, gene rally shining anil beautiful, but as little specked by sails as If they gir dled an uninhabited planet. Yet, though no gale Is nstir, the billows Incessantly fret and foam against tho cliffs of Danger llanil, which on all sides decern! sheer Into tho deep, so as to appear from a distance perfect ly Inaccessible. A surveying ship, traversing the ocean in all directions for scioiitltlc purposes, onco ap proached this wlltl rock. After row ing to it considerable distance along tho foot of tho precipices, one gentle man discovered it small Assure, through which lie felt confident they could climb to tho summit; and the boat being pushed quite clo-e to the rocks, two or threo of the most dar ing lauded, and after no slight toll and peril, readied tho top. The prospect which then presented Itself was truly extraordinary. Rendered green ns an emerald by tho agency of hidden springs', tho whole surface of tho Islet was thickly strewn with eggs of iuuumrrablo oceanic birds, which, rising from thetask of Incu bation, formed u canopy of fluttering wings overhead. Tho eggs were of all colors white, light chocolate, and cerulean blue, dotted with brown or crimson, or turquoNo or black. Hero und there little bills protruded from tho shells; nnd the mothers, though scared away for n moment by tho unusual apparition of men soon alighted near tho young, being, In spite of tho nnmeof their home, thoroughly unacquainted with dan ger. It might also be said that tho whole surface of tho Isle formed hut ono nest, divided into several com partments, where the naturalist, if lie could live on eggs, might study tho appearance, habits, and charac ter of half the winged dwellers on the deep. Vlsltln? the rope. Tho following is the etiquette ob served when the Pope receives vNi tors: After passing through tho ante-chambers, you are introduced to tho Pope's presence. Ills Holiness sits at the end of the room, under rt canopy, on a small throne, raised one step from the floor, lu an arm-chair of velvet nnd gold, with a writing table before him. You kneel at tho door, again in the middle of tho' room, audit third time Just before you reach the throne. Tho Pope presents his foot, and you kiss tho white slipper where n gold cross is placed. You renvilii kneeling until Ills Holiness motions ou to rise. To men of tho world tho sign Ls made instantly, ami the conversation takes place standing. To religious, persons, monks, and oven secondary . prelates, the sign to rise Is frequently not made at all, and they speak while still kneeling. Some high personages also speak with tho Popo while kneeling; M. tie Merotlu al ways, though mi inlimalo with Pius IX. There is nothiiigextraordinary lu tliN. for nuns kneel before their confessors for a whole hitlMinur. It is an Oriental usage, which is common in the religious wiirld at Komo, and seems to shock nobody. Sometime", indeed, persons squat down familiarly on their heel's. Carillnalsaiid bishops kiss the Pope's li.tutl, antl sit on a gilt stool Sonm' I'rench bishops insist on kissing his foot. No lady is admitted to an au dience except quceiisand princesses, with their I, idles of honor. As to the oilier ladles, (be 101111 meet them lu the gallery or gardens, not In tho apartments. Tho toilet for ladles, of whatever rank, Is black, with a veil. Men take oil' their gloves. The Pope remains sealed with cardinals and bishops. (u lists to receive prliu-es and princess es. For kings, ho advances to tint middle of the room and receives them there. For emperors he goes as far us the ante-chaniber. Whom (lie Popo returns tho visits of kings or emperors, etiquette requires them to come down to his carrlagu iimL open the door. It is a tradition that Popes ore chaimliig in their million- etis. Kverythlng Is 111 ranged to astonish ami disconcert the visitor:. One would say that tho secretaries and chamberlains guird tho majesty ofdotl. Tho result' 1 1 11 contrasting, effect, at the llrst smlleof this vener able divinity one's heart Is moved. Christina of Sweden could not re frain from tears in tho presence of Alexander VII. The Infamous Al exander VI. (Horgla) was literally; captivating. IIu had a frankness; which was most charming. Hogavu a public uudlence every Thursday Pius VI. was very handsome for an old man. Uregory XVI., though oC morose memory, was enchaining. 4s for Plus IX., everybody on retir ing from tho audience exi I.iIiih, ' Ho Isan angel!' Never wasihcro a Popo of more amiable disposition. A IiiiHTUi'irriviiSrouM in lrNio:r C'oi'NTV, K.hti:unOui:ion -A cor respondent of tho lied Hock tun oeral says: "Juno "!lh Union itml vicinity w.is visited by the heaviest Jain anil hail storm ever Known in this valley. It couiuioiiced al U o'clock antl in less than .'!! iiiIiiuIch the whole face of the country was n like of water. A witer spout burst on the hills dlreeily north of llm farms of Mrs, Cities imi Mrs. D. It. Itenson, and nlsnit two miles east of Union, and the whole cataract from summit to base, the water In some of tho gulches being six feet deep; washing hundreds of tons of stone down into the mails nnd fields below, many of which uouhl weigh from .'t(M) to rjtxl M)unds, and two or threo have been estimated lit 1,000 to 1,600 loutids. It ruined Mr. IIoiisoii'h garden and uprooted some of his a li pid trees; washed down and carried away nearly a half mllo of fence on tho Inwrcnco ranch, and ruined what groin chanced to bo In its way. The hall stones were not largo, but In some nlnces thev fell very thick. and whore thoy were washed In lrftn they may be found to the depth of six inches. A &